<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ming-Jiun Sung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An-Fan Sung</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEMALE PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ ACHIEVEMENT GOALS AND PERFORMANCE ANXIETIES DURING IMPLEMENTING STEM EDUCATION PROJECTS FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement goal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">female preservice teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">latent growth curve model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/457-1737055649.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female preschool educators usually perceive themselves as less proficient in STEM, leading to heightened performance anxiety (PA), which in turn affects their achievement goals (AG). So, this study aims to examine the impact of PA on AG among female preservice preschool educators implementing STEM education projects. This research hypothesized that PA has both immediate and sustained effects on AG over multiple periods. Additionally, we posited that initial levels of PA and AG are interrelated and influence changes in each other over time. To test these hypotheses, data is collected from sixty female preservice preschool educators participating in a STEM education community for preschool children. Participants completed the Assessment Scale of STEM Education Learning Motivation for Preschool Teachers and the Assessment Scale of STEM Activity Performance for Preschool Teachers. The result of the path analysis model revealed satisfactory indices of goodness-of-fit, but the effects of PA on AG varied across different periods. The latent growth curve models also demonstrated a good fit, showing significant negative covariances between the intercepts and slopes of PA and AG. Specifically, PA exhibited a higher intercept but a lower slope compared to AG. The correlations between the intercepts and slopes of PA and AG were significant, though no significant connections were found between the intercepts and slopes of the two constructs. These findings suggest that while PA initially has a strong influence on AG, its impact diminishes over time, highlighting the complex and evolving relationship between PA and AG in preservice preschool educators engaged in STEM education projects. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1049-1064</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiu-Hua Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fin-Land Cheng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ching-Yueh Teng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING PRACTICES: INTEGRATING POSITIVE THINKING IN PICTURE BOOK CREATION FOR ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economically disadvantaged children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hope theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picture books</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool children</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/457-1612880790.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present study created picture books featuring elements of hope theory and conducted a practical teaching program to explore the application of hopeful thinking picture books for economically disadvantaged children, specifically, to understand the teachers’ teaching practices of picture book creation. On the basis of hope theory, the current study employed economic disadvantage as the creative background for designing picture books that incorporate elements of hopeful thinking and developed a teaching plan based on the picture books. The results indicated that the picture books had a solid theoretical foundation of hope, and were relevant to preschool children’s real experiences and development. Through teachers’ storytelling and discussion of the story content, children could express ideas based on their own experiences, set specific goals, and devised feasible methods for handling adversity to achieve goals. Therefore, the picture books were considered suitable for classroom teaching. In addition, expert teachers serving as coaches conducted classroom observations and teaching evaluations to explore how effectively positive thinking was integrated into the picture books and teaching activities, and to assess the guidance of children in using positive thinking strategies during story discussion. Through professional assessment, feedback, and teacher self-reflection, hope theory can be effectively applied for picture book creation. The picture book The Piggy’s Home created in this study can help teachers guide economically disadvantaged children in thinking positively, and teachers can refine the guidance process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1081-1095</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inga Biscevic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnela Pasalic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haris Memisevic</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND THEORY OF MIND ON SEMANTIC FLUENCY IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">executive functions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semantic fluency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theory of mind</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/457-1519987908.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semantic fluency (SF) is a suitable indicator of preschool verbal abilities and can be used as a predictor of later school success. This research examined the effects of executive functions (EF) and theory of mind (TOM) on semantic fluency in preschool children. Dimensional Card Sorting test was used as an instrument of executive functions and the Sally-Anne test was used as a measure of theory of mind. The sample for this research comprised 116 preschool children, 60 boys, 56 girls, aged 38-72 months. The results of this research revealed a statistically significant effect of EF on SF (p=.03). The effect of TOM on SF was statistically non-significant, although approaching statistical significance (p=.06). There were no interaction effects of EF and TOM on SF. Findings of this research strongly suggest the need for EF training activities in preschool children. Preschool institutions of 21st century need to have curricula aimed at fostering EF skills. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21-28</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agneta  Simeonsdotter  Svensson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESCHOOL CHILDREN DEVELOPMENT EMPATHY THROUGT INDIVIDUALIZED MATERIALS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ethics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool children</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1419412973.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The overall objective of the study is to investigate whether the understanding of animals and their living conditions is a way for child’s emphatic ability. One interesting question is in what way children show that they are developing empathy. Do children show some change in the way they talk about animals and their living conditions? How is this change revealed? The theoretical basis of this study is based on Martin Hoffman's research (2000) which emphasizes the importance of learning and of encouraging empathy in children. The study design is qualitative and was conducted using conversations with child participants, notes, photographs and video recordings of the children working with the teaching material &quot;cat picture&quot; and dog picture&quot;. The participants comprised of 52 children aged between 3-5 years, divided into a main group and a control group with 26 children, 12 girls and 14 boys in each group. The results show that there is a difference in the two testing occasions between the main group and the control group. As the main group were given opportunities to think and reflect and work with the material, ideas about thoughts on ethical issues could emerge and developed further. Sustainable development must begin with the children. This is the best investment that any society can make.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">115-124</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristi Kiilu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maia Muldma</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESCHOOL MUSIC EDUCATION IN ESTONIA AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF CULTURAL LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">music education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">music teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool children</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/457-1393667550.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in the socio-economic development of Estonia influence the formation of value priorities in teaching of children in the system of preschool education. Music as a socio-cultural phenomenon represents one of the important parts of teaching and educational process. The authors of this article are concurrently the members of the commission on working out of the new State program 2008 on preschool education in the field of music. Based on common goals and tasks of a new curriculum, in the process of making up the subject program in music there has been carried out the research, the results of which will be reflected in this article. The key person in realisation of teaching and educational tasks has always been, is and will be the teacher. Therefore, it was extremely important to find out the value aims and positions of music teachers, who contribute to the effectiveness of application of musical education as a representative of motivation and knowledge of culture. The research that has been carried out in 183 Estonian and Russian-speaking infant schools in 2008 has embraced all the regions of Estonia. According to the results of the research, the conclusions can be reached that the priorities of musical activities defined by the teachers presume availability of sufficient musical material for enculturation of a child and getting to know by him or her of the cultural heritage; most of the respondents make up a group of so-called “bearers of the traditions” and give basis for assertion that their musical education represents familiarization with culture; the correlation of value priorities in application of different kinds of folklore shows that each of the four kinds of folk creation is the source of the culture study for music teachers.
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">170-182</style></section></record></records></xml>