<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevilay Şahin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Türkoğlu Özdemir, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özdemir, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE SCHOOL LEADERSHIP PRACTICES SCALE (SLPS)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school leadership practices</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4843276</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Before designing professional development programs aimed at improving the leadership practices of school principals, it is necessary to determine which leadership practices school principals need to improve. However, it can be said that the literature contains a limited number of measurement tools that allow for the evaluation of school principals' leadership practices, and that these tools address leadership practices within a narrow scope. For this reason, the purpose of the research conducted is to present the development process of the School Leadership Practices Scale(SLPS), which function of making sense of school principals’ leadership practices based on teachers’ perceptions. The measurement tool was developed in four stages: generation of the item pool; ensuring content validity; conducting a pilot study; and verifying the structure of the vehicle with the actual application. The sample of the study consisted of teachers working at the secondary school level. Exploratory factor analysis reveals that the total variance explained is 65.06%. When the absolute fit indices are evaluated as a whole, it is concluded that the developed measurement model provides a high level of fit to the data. CR values (.90-.93) indicate that all dimensions exhibit high levels of reliability. Upon the confirmation of the instrument's structure, a multidimensional model is identified, which measures school principals’ leadership practices through 35 items under five factors: (a) professional ethics; (b) strategic management; (c) personal leadership resources; (d) change and data-based school development; and (e) a safe and supportive school climate. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">327-345</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jewelle V. Olarte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eddie G. Fetalvero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garry Vanz V. Blancia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSENSUS CLASSROOM CLIMATE INVENTORY: SCALE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">consensus classroom climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reliability test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">validity test</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/457-1728583869.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education is a key area of research, largely due to its inherent complexity and challenges. Various teaching methods have been developed to address these difficulties, which include the consensus classroom climate. However, no standardized tool has been created to evaluate the consensus within a classroom. This study aimed to develop and validate the Consensus Classroom Climate Inventory (CCCI), an instrument designed to measure the consensus climate of a classroom. The research was conducted in two phases: (1) initial item pool development based on an extensive literature review and (2) expert panel review for content validation. The resulting 29-item scale was pilot-tested with 120 freshmen students from a state university.  Exploratory factor analysis using SMART-PLS yielded four distinct factors: Student Agency, Collaborative Learning Environment, Inclusive and Flexible Learning, and Student Autonomy. The final scale consisted of 23 items. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated strong factor loadings (&gt;0.8) for all items, indicating good construct validity.  Model fit indices suggested a generally good fit, though some indices indicated room for improvement. Reliability analysis revealed high internal consistency across all factors. The CCCI shows promise as a reliable and valid tool for assessing consensus classroom climate, though further refinement is recommended to enhance model fit. This instrument can assist educators in evaluating the consensus climate of Science classrooms and help educators enhance teaching to improve students’ Science learning. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">708-722</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yavuz Ercan Gül</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yeşil, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE DEVELOPMENT AND INITIAL TESTS FOR THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN EDUCATION SCALE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">equal opportunity in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">validity and reliability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/457-1718792274.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although equality of opportunity in education is a current and important issue, most of the studies on this subject are based on theoretical studies rather than empirical studies. The main reason for this can be said to be the lack of a valid and reliable measurement tool in this field. For this reason, this study aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool for determining pre-service teachers' perceptions of equality of opportunity in education. For this purpose, data were collected from four different samples using a simple random sampling technique. First, a literature review was conducted, and qualitative interviews were conducted with the first sample on equal opportunities in qualitative education. After the item pool was created, the first application was made in order to determine the factor structure of the measurement tool. Data were collected from a separate sample to test the resulting structure and perform confirmatory factor analysis. Then, in the context of reliability studies of the measurement tool, calculation of the internal consistency coefficient, extracted mean variance, composite reliability and test-retest processes were used. As a result, a valid and reliable scale for determining the perception of equality of opportunity in education consisting of three factors and 23 items has been brought to the education literature. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">353-370</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Ersoy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miray Dağyar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING PERCEPTION SCALE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problems of Education in the 21st Century</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/457-1667682828.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Determining students' perceptions of problem-solving is an important step to improve their mathematical problem-solving skills. For this reason, the aim of this study was to develop a scale to determine secondary school students’ perceptions of mathematical problem solving. In the study conducted in a basic research model, a scale application, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The sample of the study consisted of 325 secondary school students. Validity and reliability analyses were made with the data obtained on the sample. Five sub-dimensions of the scale were determined through exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed for these 5 sub-dimensions, and the fit indices were found to range from acceptable to excellent. The explained variance of the “Mathematical Problem-Solving Perception Scale” was 66.15%, and the Cronbach alpha value for the whole scale was .93. It was concluded that the scale would reveal the perception levels of secondary school students towards mathematical problem solving in a valid and reliable way.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">693-707</style></section></record></records></xml>