<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joyce Delali Mawutor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kenneth Adu-Gyamfi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FEMALE STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF ATOMIC ORBITALS AND HYBRIDISATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">All-female schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">female chemistry students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SDG5</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765177</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research suggests that students, especially female chemistry students, often struggle with understanding atomic orbitals and hybridisation, sometimes holding misconceptions about these concepts. To add to what is known, we examined factors associated with female chemistry students' conceptual understanding of atomic orbitals and hybridisation. We collected data from 304 female chemistry students in upper-secondary school using a methodological triangulation mixed-methods approach that included questionnaires and interviews. Of these, 50 students participated directly in interviews. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three main factors associated with their conceptual understanding. Thematic analysis and narrative approaches were used to further interpret and support the quantitative findings. Since motivational beliefs emerged as one of the key factors, it is important for governments and organisations working towards Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG5) – gender equality – to provide targeted support for female chemistry students. Such assistance should aim to foster their interest and engagement with fundamental chemistry concepts like atomic orbitals and hybridisation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151-172</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kenneth Adu-Gyamfi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benjamin Anim-Eduful</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERACTION EFFECT OF GENDER, ACROSS SCHOOL-TYPE ON UPPER-SECONDARY STUDENTS’ DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL REASONING ON ORGANIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender and school-type</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interaction effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic qualitative analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance of students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656443297.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical tests (qualitative analysis) on functional groups may improve students’ understanding of basic concepts about the structure of organic compounds and their reactivity. However, upper-secondary school students have difficulties in learning organic qualitative analysis. This research has studied whether the gender of students and school-type affect development of experimental reasoning on organic qualitative analysis. From three school-types, 50.2% males and 49.8% females were sampled through a multistage sampling procedure and participated in a cross-sectional survey. Data from 263 students were collected with the aid of diagnostic test on knowledge of organic qualitative analysis. A two-way between-groups ANOVA and independent-samples t-test were used to analyse the data. It was found no interaction effect of gender and school-type on students’ development of experimental reasoning on organic qualitative analysis. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">351-365</style></section></record></records></xml>