<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özgün Arda Kuş</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS, EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES, AND LEARNING OUTCOMES IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ChatGPT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge-action gap</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical approaches</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scoping review</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainability education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863023</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly being used in environmental education, but the empirical evidence base in this field remains fragmented. The aim of this study was to systematically map empirical research on the use of AI in environmental education between 2022 and 2025. The study employed a scoping review design based on the PRISMA-ScR protocol. A total of 419 records retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases were screened, and 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a structured coding framework based on four research questions and synthesized through thematic analysis. The findings indicated that large language models, particularly ChatGPT, are the most frequently used AI tools. Nine studies aimed to change attitudes or behaviors. Pedagogical approaches included content creation, personalized learning, narrative-based empathy development, and gamification. Only one study did not specify a clear theoretical framework. Standardized effect sizes were reported in only four studies. The geographical distribution was concentrated in East Asia. One study included a delayed post-test, leaving the long-term sustainability of the reported effects largely uncertain. Longitudinal designs, comparative tool evaluations, and culturally embedded AI designs from underrepresented regions have been identified as priority research needs for the field's advancement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">298-317</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fulya Zorlu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ASSOCIATIVE ROLES OF HIGHER ORDER THINKING SELF-EFFICACY AND MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES IN PRESERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ 21ST CENTURY LEARNER SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21st century learner skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher order thinking self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple intelligences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural Equation Modeling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913747</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As 21st century education increasingly requires preservice teachers to develop advanced cognitive and metacognitive competencies, understanding the patterns of association related to these competencies has become an important concern in teacher education research. A review of the literature revealed an absence of studies examining the associations among multiple intelligences, higher order thinking self-efficacy, and 21st century learner skills. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the structural associations among preservice science teachers’ multiple intelligences, higher order thinking self-efficacy, and 21st century learner skills through SEM path analysis. A correlational research design was employed with a sample of 334 preservice science teachers from Türkiye. According to the findings, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, naturalistic, and intrapersonal intelligences were directly associated with at least two dimensions of 21st century learner skills. Additionally, statistically significant indirect associations were observed among selected multiple intelligence domains, higher order thinking self-efficacy, and 21st century learner skills within the hypothesized model. These results should be interpreted as statistical associations within a theoretically specified, cross-sectional model rather than as evidence of causal effects. Education programs may consider integrated instructional approaches that address multiple intelligence domains and higher order thinking self-efficacy in efforts to support preservice teachers’ 21st century learner skills. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">554-568</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jamil Suprihatiningrum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elyas Djufri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRIDGING KNOWLEDGE AND INCLUSIVE ORIENTATION FOR INCLUSIVE SCIENCE EDUCATION: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIAN PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive orientation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive pedagogy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher readiness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863031</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inclusive science education requires teachers who value diversity and are prepared to design education that enables equitable participation in inquiry and laboratory learning. This study examined inclusion readiness among Indonesian pre-service science teachers using an Attitudes, Knowledge, and Practices (AKP)-informed framework within a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. Survey data from 376 participants across 14 universities were analysed using MANOVA and PLS-SEM. During measurement model evaluation, the attitude and practice constructs lacked discriminant validity and were therefore combined into a single construct labelled inclusive orientation, representing pre-service teachers’ affective commitment and perceived readiness to implement inclusive science teaching. Structural model results indicated that conceptual knowledge of inclusive pedagogy was positively associated with inclusive orientation, while teaching experience contributed modestly to knowledge development. Qualitative findings indicated that support for inclusion was conditional on mentoring and resources, and that inclusion was often understood as physical accessibility rather than differentiated participation in science learning. The study identifies a persistent AKP gap in which inclusion readiness reflects affective commitment more strongly than developed pedagogical competence.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">366-381</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungki Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myung Hwa Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF REACTION RATE MODELS: SELECTION, PREREQUISITE CONDITIONS, AND USE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prerequisite conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reaction rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">selection of models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">use of models</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765175</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers’ understanding of scientific models is essential for supporting meaningful learning of chemical reaction rates. Yet little is known about how teachers coordinate different dimensions of model understanding in this context. This study examined chemistry teachers’ epistemic understanding of models related to reaction rates, focusing on model selection, prerequisite conditions, and model use. A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was employed. Open-ended questionnaire items were administered to 52 in-service chemistry teachers, followed by interviews with 10 teachers to elaborate on quantitative trends. The results showed limited understanding across all three dimensions. Many teachers treated the collision model as a literal depiction rather than one representational choice among alternatives. Teachers frequently applied the half-life concept as a universal rule without recognizing assumptions such as constant volume. When interpreting concentration dependence, most relied on simplified textbook patterns rather than using rate laws as representational models grounded in reaction mechanisms. These findings indicate the need for teacher education that explicitly addresses model selection, underlying assumptions, and the functional use of models in reaction-rate instruction. This study contributes a three-dimensional analytical framework for examining teachers’ model-based reasoning and provides a foundation for future research and professional development.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118-135</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2026
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2026
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2026
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">437</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2026
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">211-212</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2026
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2026
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">435-436</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wonbin Jang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minchul Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING AND APPLYING FRAMEWORK OF MATHEMATIZATION IN PHYSICS EDUCATION IN DIGITALIZATION ERA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digitalization in science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematization in science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765173</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematics, as the language of science, enables the quantitative and structural description of physical phenomena. In physics education, mathematical representation underpins theoretical modeling and strengthens explanatory and predictive reasoning. As digital technology becomes integral to science learning, practices such as simulation, data visualization, and AI-based analysis increasingly depend on mathematical expression to construct scientific meaning. This Study analyzes how mathematical elements are differentially emphasized in Korean, U.S., and England’s physics curricula and demonstrates that these differences systematically shape the forms of inquiry-based learning supported in digitally enriched educational contexts. The analysis focuses on three national curricula that explicitly connect physics and mathematics: Korea’s 2022 Revised Curriculum, the United States’ Next Generation Science Standards, and England’s National Curriculum. A framework of mathematization elements was developed from prior literature and applied to achievement standards through frequency and qualitative analyses. A total of 134 mathematization elements were identified, revealing statistically significant cross-national differences. Korea places strong emphasis on mathematics as a means of perception through experimentation and data analysis, England highlights the expression of quantitative relationships, and the United States foregrounds modeling via approximation and visualization. These findings indicate that effective physics education in the digital era requires integrating established mathematization practices with data analysis, simulation, and coding-based approaches.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88-101</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wernhuar Tarng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi-Run Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF A VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEM TO PROMOTE INDIGENOUS CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital divide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological preservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indigenous cultural heritage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual reality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863032</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examined how a VR360 learning system integrating Tao Indigenous culture and the ecological environment of Orchid Island, Taiwan, influences students’ learning achievement, learning motivation, cognitive load, and technology acceptance. The study aimed to determine whether such culturally grounded VR learning experiences can support educational equity and foster deeper cultural understanding. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was employed to compare Indigenous and non-Indigenous elementary students who both received the VR intervention. Data were collected using validated instruments, including a learning achievement test, a motivation scale, a cognitive load scale, and a technology acceptance questionnaire. The participants comprised 64 students from grades three to six in northern Taiwan (33 Indigenous and 31 non-Indigenous). Both groups demonstrated significant gains in learning achievement following the intervention, with the non-Indigenous group achieving higher scores. Indigenous students reported higher, though not statistically significant, motivation to learn about the Tao cultural heritage and experienced slightly higher cognitive load during the learning process. Both groups expressed high acceptance of the VR360 system. These findings highlight the potential of VR as an effective and culturally responsive educational tool that supports immersive learning and promotes educational equity, offering valuable insights for the design of localized and multicultural learning experiences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">382-408</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngshin Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyunju Chun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lim, S.-M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIFFERENCES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING CONCEPT NETWORKS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS ACCORDING TO ACHIEVEMENT LEVELS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">connected concept network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching concept</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863022</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students comprehend most science concepts through in-class learning. Therefore, how teachers present concepts can decisively influence students’ understanding of scientific concepts. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify implications for concept teaching and learning by comparing the conceptual structure of photosynthesis reflected in the teaching concept networks used by teachers with the learning concept networks constructed by students. In this process, the construct of the concept network taught by the teacher and the concepts learned by students at each achievement level were compared and analysed using semantic network analysis. The concepts taught by the teacher and those learned by the students were largely similar, but the strength and complexity of the connections between concepts differed. Moreover, the teacher did not clearly distinguish between subtopics while teaching. As a result, the students recognised the concepts but often failed to distinguish between subtopics. High-achievers learned more concepts and showed a more complex connection between concepts than low-achievers. The findings suggest that teachers should explain scientific concepts by breaking them down into subtopics and presenting them in smaller, interconnected chunks to help students relate new knowledge to existing knowledge.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">282-297</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thuthukile Jita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamontsuoe Lintle Maraisane</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY CHILDHOOD PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES OF TEACHING SCIENCE USING DIGITAL TOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital tools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology integration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TPACK</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913729</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The integration of digital tools into early childhood science education creates new possibilities for interactive and engaging learning experiences, enabling young children to understand abstract scientific concepts better and stimulate their curiosity. These technologies have the potential to reshape how children explore scientific ideas by engaging with concepts through digital tools. However, despite these promising opportunities, their use also presents several challenges for educators. Framed by the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, this qualitative case study examined the experiences and educational practices of preservice teachers as they integrated digital tools during their teaching practicum. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations involving ten preservice teachers, and were analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that participants mainly selected digital tools based on pedagogical considerations, including learner engagement, conceptual understanding, and alignment with the curriculum. While participants reported positive effects on learners, they also identified several constraints related to the use of digital tools and emphasized the need for professional training. This study concludes that meaningful technology integration in early childhood science education is driven by pedagogy rather than technology itself. Such integration is strengthened through coherent, practice-oriented preservice teacher preparation that aligns theoretical knowledge with scaffolded opportunities for classroom enactment and reflection.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">475-488</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juwon Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youlgi Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoonseul Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuyeong Son</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATIONAL PRIORITIES FOR ENHANCING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' SCIENCE LESSON ENACTMENT COMPETENCE AFTER THE TEACHING PRACTICUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">needs analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science lesson enactment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching practicum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913736</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A persistent gap exists between university-based theoretical preparation and pre-service teachers' ability to enact science lessons in real classrooms. This study examined elementary school pre-service teachers' needs regarding science lesson enactment competence after the teaching practicum and identified priority areas for educational support. A questionnaire was developed from a literature review and interviews with pre-service teachers. The instrument consisted of two domains, eight subdomains, and 32 items. Data were collected from 100 pre-service teachers, and perceived importance and self-rated current performance were measured for each item. The data were analysed using paired-samples t-tests, the Borich needs assessment formula, and the Locus for Focus model. The results showed a statistically significant gap between perceived importance and self-rated current performance across all subdomains. Although participants regarded this competence as highly important, they rated their current performance substantially lower. Understanding learners, foundational knowledge, and facilitating inquiry and thinking were identified as the highest-priority areas, whereas educational materials preparation and lesson design showed lower relative priority. These findings indicate where teacher education programmes should provide stronger support after the practicum.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">507-521</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hong-Cheng Liu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF AI-SUPPORTED SOCIOSCIENTIFIC TEACHING ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' ATTITUDES AND ARGUMENTATION SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial intelligence-supported teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward socioscientific issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socioscientific issues</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913742</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioscientific issues (SSI) require students to apply scientific knowledge while taking social and ethical dimensions into account. In this process, both attitudes toward SSI and argumentation skills are important. This study examined the effects of AI-supported SSI teaching on university students’ attitudes toward SSI and their argumentation skills. Additionally, the relationships between these two variables were examined. A pre-post test quasi-experimental design was used in the study. The participants were 247 undergraduate students majoring in Public Administration at a university in southern Taiwan. The experimental group received AI-supported SSI teaching for 18 weeks, while the control group received teacher-led SSI teaching. Data were collected using the ATLSIS and the PASS. ANCOVA and correlation analysis were employed. The results showed that the experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group on all dimensions of attitudes toward SSI and on argumentation skills. The largest increase was determined in Connectedness to Scientific Endeavor dimension (in attitudes) and evaluating counterarguments (in argumentation skills). The results suggested a somewhat more focused pattern of correlation between attitudes toward SSI and argumentation skills following the intervention. The findings suggest that the AI-supported SSI teaching condition was associated with higher attitudes toward SSI and higher perceived argumentation skills.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">522-537</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irwanto Irwanto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indah Sari Mukarramah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valérie Théric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patrice Bonnet</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ni Putu Sri Ayuni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teti Novianti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magali Coupaud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jérémy Castéra</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY ON STUDENTS’ INTEREST AND MOTIVATION IN CHEMISTRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">immersive virtual reality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interest in chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper-secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765172</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrating immersive virtual reality (IVR) into chemistry education offers valuable potential to enhance student engagement through interactive visualisation. However, empirical studies regarding the effect of this new technology on students’ affective factors in school chemistry, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, remain limited. This study aimed to explore the effect of IVR on Indonesian upper-secondary school students’ interest and motivation in learning chemistry. Employing a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest non-equivalent control group design, the research involved 68 twelfth-grade students who were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with the experimental group experiencing learning through an IVR app and the control group following conventional teaching methods. The instruments included an interest in chemistry scale and a chemistry motivation scale. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U tests with a .05 significance level. The results revealed that while both groups demonstrated improvement in their interest and motivation scores, students in the IVR group achieved significantly higher gains. These results highlight that IVR-supported chemistry teaching is a powerful learning tool to foster twelfth-grade students’ interest and motivation, offering valuable implications for integrating immersive VR into science classrooms. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74-87</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Erdogan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tayfun Tutak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Polat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ AI LITERACY AND ETHICAL USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON THEIR ETHICAL REFLECTIONS ON AI</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial intelligence (AI) ethics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial intelligence (AI) literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information technology (IT)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765165</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The growing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in education raises critical questions about teachers’ AI literacy and ethical reflection. This study aims to examine the effects of pre-service science and mathematics teachers’ AI literacy and their ethical use of information technologies on their ethical reflections on AI. The study, designed as a correlational survey, included 219 pre-service science and mathematics teachers from a university in Eastern Türkiye. Data were collected using three instruments: the Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale, the Information Technologies Ethical Use Scale, and the Artificial Intelligence Ethical Reflection Scale. The findings indicate that, although pre-service teachers demonstrate high levels of knowledge in the technical and critical dimensions of AI, they remain at a moderate level in translating this knowledge into practical application and in engaging in ethical reasoning. Structural equation modelling results indicate that AI literacy significantly and directly influences ethical reflection on AI, whereas the ethical use of information technologies constitutes a weaker predictor. The mediation analysis further reveals that general ethical use of information technologies does not play a significant mediating role in the relationship between AI literacy and ethical reflection on AI.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-38</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeynep Karatepe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özata Yücel, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF STEAM-BASED ACTIVITIES ON SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: “EFFECTS OF FORCE” UNIT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM approach</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765174</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific creativity is widely regarded as an important skill for societies aiming to achieve scientific literacy. Science lessons, by their very nature, are closely related to scientific creativity. In this context, this study examined the effect of STEAM-based activities implemented in the “Effects of Force” unit on the scientific creativity and academic achievement of 4th-grade primary school students in science courses. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control-group design was used in the study. STEAM-based lesson plans were employed in the experimental group, whereas a textbook grounded in constructivist learning theory was used in the control group. Data were collected through the Scientific Creativity Scale and the Academic Achievement Test. The findings showed that STEAM-based activities in the experimental group led to a significant increase in students' scientific creativity and academic achievement, with large effect sizes relative to the constructivist, textbook-aligned science teaching used in the control group. These results show that science courses in which students are actively engaged and design processes are applied can positively affect learning outcomes. In this context, STEAM-based activities can support scientific creativity and academic achievement, especially at the primary school level. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102-117</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2026
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">569-572</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2026
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207-210</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2026
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">431-434</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suna Karlıdağ</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kozcu Cakir, N.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENGINEERING DESIGN-BASED ROBOTICS CODING AS A PATHWAY TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND METACOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational robotics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering design-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913731</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding how learning occurs in engineering design-based robotics coding (ED-RC) environments remains an important issue in science education, as previous research has primarily focused on learning outcomes rather than the processes underlying these outcomes. This study examined the effects of ED-RC applications on sixth-grade students’ academic achievement and metacognitive awareness, with particular attention to metacognitive regulation during learning processes. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. The quantitative component used a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design with 61 students, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using ANCOVA, and qualitative findings were examined through a theory-driven descriptive framework. The findings indicated that the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores in both academic achievement and metacognitive awareness after controlling for pre-test differences. Qualitative findings further showed that students engaged in planning, monitoring, evaluation, debugging, and revision processes throughout the activities. Overall, the findings suggest that ED-RC environments may support learning through iterative design and reflective problem-solving processes that encourage metacognitive regulation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">489-506</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saraç Yıldırım, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENRICHING YOUNG CHILDREN’S CONCEPTS OF PLANT GROWTH THROUGH DIALOGIC READING WITH A PICTURE BOOK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dialogic interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dialogic reading</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">early science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">enriching science concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picture books</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913744</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding how young children develop scientific concepts is a key focus in early childhood education, especially when integrating language-rich approaches into science learning. However, few studies have examined how dialogic reading supports science concept development beyond literacy. This study explored how dialogic interactions during Dialogic Reading (DR) enriched young children’s understanding of plant growth. The intervention used the picture book The Dandelion Seed’s Big Dream and applied CROWD (Completion, Recall, Open-ended, Wh-, Distancing) and PEER (Prompt, Evaluate, Expand, Repeat) strategies. Nineteen children aged 6–7 participated. Data were collected using draw-and-tell, semi-structured teacher interviews, and unstructured researcher observations to capture children’s conceptual expressions. Results showed that children’s understanding of plant development became more elaborate over time. Pre-assessments focused on basic elements such as sun, water, soil, and humans, while post-assessments included seedling, root, wind, and growth. Teacher reflections and observations indicated that dialogic reading created a socially interactive and linguistically rich environment where children co-constructed ideas. The results suggest that dialogic reading is effective not only for literacy but also for early science learning, emphasizing the value of integrating language-based strategies to foster greater conceptual enrichment in young children.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">538-553</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joyce Delali Mawutor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kenneth Adu-Gyamfi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FEMALE STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF ATOMIC ORBITALS AND HYBRIDISATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">All-female schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">female chemistry students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SDG5</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765177</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research suggests that students, especially female chemistry students, often struggle with understanding atomic orbitals and hybridisation, sometimes holding misconceptions about these concepts. To add to what is known, we examined factors associated with female chemistry students' conceptual understanding of atomic orbitals and hybridisation. We collected data from 304 female chemistry students in upper-secondary school using a methodological triangulation mixed-methods approach that included questionnaires and interviews. Of these, 50 students participated directly in interviews. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three main factors associated with their conceptual understanding. Thematic analysis and narrative approaches were used to further interpret and support the quantitative findings. Since motivational beliefs emerged as one of the key factors, it is important for governments and organisations working towards Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG5) – gender equality – to provide targeted support for female chemistry students. Such assistance should aim to foster their interest and engagement with fundamental chemistry concepts like atomic orbitals and hybridisation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151-172</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caner Ozdemir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOSTERING ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY THROUGH CREATIVE DRAMA IN PRIMARY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative drama</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863027</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental literacy is a multidimensional learning process that includes environmental knowledge, attitudes, values, awareness, responsibility, and intentions to take environmental action. However, primary environmental education often remains limited to cognitive outcomes and may not sufficiently foster affective engagement or ecological responsibility. This study examined the potential of creative drama as a transformative pedagogy for enhancing third-grade students’ environmental literacy in primary science education. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed. The quantitative phase used a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control group design (n = 60; experimental = 30, control = 30), followed by a qualitative case study with 12 students from the experimental group. Quantitative data were collected using the Environmental Literacy Scale for Children and analyzed using ANCOVA (controlling for pre-test scores) and paired-samples t tests. Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results indicated significant improvements in environmental literacy, particularly in environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavioral intentions. Students also reported increased empathy, collaboration, imaginative engagement with environmental problems, and critical reflection on ecological responsibility. Overall, creative drama appears to be a promising transformative approach for environmental literacy in primary science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">335-350</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viet Hai Phung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thi To Loan Phung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thi Thanh Huong Nguyen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thi Thanh Phuong Nguyen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOSTERING SCIENCE IDENTITY IN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH IOT-INTEGRATED EXPERIENTIAL STEM EDUCATION IN AGRICULTURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemic friction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IoT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA 2025</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science identity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863028</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science identity, comprising core components such as Science Capital, Epistemic Beliefs, and Environmental Agency, has been identified by PISA 2025 as a key indicator of 21st-century citizen competency. However, contemporary STEM education often lacks effective pedagogical strategies to foster these multifaceted dimensions of science identity in authentic contexts. This study evaluated the impact of an experiential STEM model integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology on the development of science identity among secondary school students in Vietnam. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, a quasi-experiment was conducted with 102 eleventh-grade students. The experimental group participated in a 10-week IoT-based agricultural project, while the control group received conventional instruction. Quantitative data were collected using a validated science identity scale and analysed via ANCOVA, supplemented by qualitative insights from student learning journals and interviews. Findings demonstrated that the STEM-IoT model significantly enhanced overall science identity with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.82), with environmental agency showing the strongest gains (d = 0.57). Qualitative analysis revealed that engagement with complex, real-world IoT data generated &quot;epistemic friction,&quot; prompting a shift from simplistic views of scientific knowledge as absolute towards critical inquiry and bolstering students' perceived agency. This study provides a validated measurement instrument and evidence that technology-integrated, contextually grounded STEM pedagogy can effectively advance the competencies emphasized in the PISA 2025 framework.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">351-365</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petr Trahorsch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan D. Bláha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavel Mlýnek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FROM DRAWINGS TO MAPS: LINKS BETWEEN DRAWING CATEGORIES AND SPATIAL ERROR IN STUDENTS’ MENTAL MAPS OF THE DESERT BIOME</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children’s conception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children’s drawings method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desert biome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial error</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765178</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial error in the mental maps of lower secondary school students regarding the desert biome is investigated, focusing on the accuracy of desert conceptualisation and location. The aim of the study was to assess the status quo in children’s conceptions of deserts among lower secondary school students, while focusing on the spatial aspects of these conceptions. A total of 592 lower secondary school students took part in the study. Students were categorized using the children's drawings method into one of six categories according to the predominant elements contained in their drawings. In the second stage, students plotted the locations of deserts worldwide in an outline map; these maps were subsequently processed to produce aggregated mental maps. The study has shown that students have rather simplified perception of deserts as areas covered with sand with minimal rainfall and specific flora and fauna. Students tend to overestimate the area of deserts significantly; they locate most deserts in Africa and central Australia, and a relatively large proportion of students incorrectly locate deserts also in Amazonia. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173-189</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jehan Saleh Lardhi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdelrahim Fathy Ismail</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF LEARNING STATIONS STRATEGY ON DEVELOPING SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kindergarten children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning stations strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">life concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific concepts</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863024</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education is fundamental to shaping how children perceive the world and cultivate their initial scientific reasoning. This study examined the impact of the &quot;Learning Stations Strategy&quot; on developing scientific concepts of life and the environment among young learners. Utilizing a quasi-experimental approach, the study involved 64 kindergarteners from Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, divided into experimental and control groups. After consulting with experts to define age-appropriate scientific concepts, an educational unit was crafted around the Learning Stations Strategy. These stations engaged children through hands-on tasks, experiments, observational activities, and guided reflections. To measure progress, a specialized &quot;Scientific Concepts Test of Life and Environment&quot; was administered before and after the intervention. The findings demonstrated statistically significant gains favoring the experimental group, highlighting the strategy's success. Specifically, children participating in the learning stations showed a deeper grasp of life concepts-such as distinguishing between living and non-living things, identifying basic survival needs, and understanding growth, biological functions, and diversity. Furthermore, there was improvement in environmental awareness, including the recognition of natural components, resource utility, ecosystems, environmental stewardship, and the basics of pollution. These findings suggest that moving away from teacher-centered teaching toward more interactive, station-based learning can enhance children’s curiosity and understanding. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318-334</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chelcea Mae Lagmay Darang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiyoung Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minsu Ha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF REDUCED EDUCATIONAL TIME ON PERFORMANCE, CONFIDENCE, AND METACOGNITIVE ACCURACY IN LOWER SECONDARY GENETICS LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">confidence-performance calibration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive accuracy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765164</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curriculum reforms in the Philippines, including the MATATAG curriculum, have reduced scheduled educational time in lower secondary science, raising questions about their impact on learning and metacognition.  This study examined the impact of reduced educational time, specifically the shift from 60 minutes to 45 minutes per genetic lesson, on students’ performance, confidence, and metacognitive accuracy in a lower secondary science context. Using a cohort-comparison design, data were collected from Grade 9 students across two school years. Student performance was assessed through a genetics test, while confidence ratings captured metacognitive accuracy. Pearson correlations examined confidence–performance alignment, and Welch’s t-tests compared cohort and gender differences. Teacher perceptions were gathered through open-ended surveys. Results showed that the students who received longer lessons achieved higher performance and demonstrated stronger confidence-performance calibration, whereas students who experienced shorter lessons achieved lower performance and exhibited overconfidence. Gender differences appeared only in the 2023 cohort, with females outperforming males. Teacher accounts confirmed that shortened lessons reduced opportunities for interaction, feedback, and reflection. The findings highlight that educational time is both an academic and metacognitive resource. Safeguarding opportunities for reflection and feedback is essential to support accurate self-monitoring and sustainable learning in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-21</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bireswar Dutta</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR AND VALUE-BELIEF-NORM FOR PREDICTING STUDENTS’ ENERGY-SAVING BEHAVIOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy-saving behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable campus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theory of Planned Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">value-belief norm</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863020</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainable campus development has become a critical issue for higher education institutions worldwide. Motivating students to develop energy-saving behaviors is considered one of the most effective courses of action, as it ultimately leads to a sustainable campus and lower energy use. Thus, the current study developed a framework based on the Theory of planned behavior (TPB) and Value-belief norm (VBN) to examine the biospheric, altruistic, and egoistic values that encourage students to participate in energy-saving activities, contributing to the development of a sustainable campus. Structural equation modeling was utilized to evaluate the proposed framework using 411 valid responses. The results demonstrated that the proposed framework (R² = .681) outperformed both VBN (R² = .449) and TPB (R² = .498) in predicting students' intentions to engage in energy-saving behavior. Energy-saving communication was also found to be a critical moderator between the students' intention and their predictors. The results indicate that university administrations should develop a more effective approach to communicate the social and personal benefits of energy-saving behavior, thereby optimizing its advantages. The study findings contribute to the critically important and continuously expanding literature on developing sustainable campuses through pro-environmental behaviors. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">258-281</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyunok Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young-Joon Ryu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTIDISCIPLINARY CO-DEVELOPMENT FOR SSI-BASED NEUROETHICS EDUCATION: APPLICATION TO THE BRAIN DOPING ISSUE WITH TDCS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">brain doping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distributed expertise</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multidisciplinary co-development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neuroethics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socioscientific issues (SSI)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765176</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Developing socioscientific issues (SSI) education on emerging technologies such as neurotechnology confronts the challenge of distributed expertise, wherein requisite knowledge spans multiple domains, neuroscience, neuroethics, and pedagogy, that no single educator can possess. This study proposes Multidisciplinary Co-Development (MCD) as a methodological framework to address this challenge and applies it to an SSI-based neuroethics education on brain doping through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) technology. A multidisciplinary team comprising experts in neuroethics, neuroscience, and public engagement collaboratively developed an education program guided by three MCD principles: distributed expertise recognition, dialogic knowledge integration, and boundary artifact facilitation. The program was piloted with 38 Korean university students, and data were collected through group activity artifacts and a questionnaire. Qualitative analysis showed that the MCD principles enabled effective cross-disciplinary knowledge integration through structured dialogue and shared artifacts. Participants demonstrated the ability to identify scientific, ethical, and social problems of brain doping and to propose varied solutions, suggesting that the program supports the development of civic competencies. These findings indicate that MCD offers a viable framework for addressing distributed expertise challenges in emerging technology-related SSI education and provides a systematic methodology for translating neuroethics research into educational practice.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">136-150</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Araitz Uskola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haizea Gardeazabal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTIMODAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR DEVELOPING PRESERVICE TEACHERS´ SYSTEMS THINKING FOR ADDRESSING COMPLEX HEALTH ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antimicrobial resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model representation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systems thinking</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863033</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science educators highlight the importance and difficulty of developing systems thinking (ST) for addressing complex health problems such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Thus, it is necessary to study which strategies can facilitate this development. This study addressed how modelling activities fostered the ST developed by pre-service teachers (PSTs) in the context of AMR. The identification of components and relationships, the proposal of actions, and taking an ‘inside the system’ perspective were considered as ST dimensions. The research data consisted of explanations about AMR written individually at the beginning and at the end of the sequence, as well as group activities, performed by a group of 56 PSTs. The results show that after completing the activities, most participants explained AMR including ‘One Health’ vision, saw themselves as victims of AMR but less as causes or agents of change, and articulated complex cause-effect relationships in their retrospective reasoning. Moreover, the performance of retrospective reasoning in intermediate activities that implied diverse representations stood out. It was concluded that using multimodal representations might be a useful strategy in science education to facilitate the development of PSTs´ ST for understanding and acting on systems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">409-430</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet   Yakışan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBSTACLES TO THE LEARNING OF SOME PLANT CONCEPTS: SEED FORMATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning difficulties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning obstacles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913725</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Some learning obstacles prevent students from learning and understanding many biology topics. This study aims to identify the learning obstacles that prevent students from learning concepts related to seeds and seed formation, and to determine the cognitive structures that are affected by these obstacles. Eighty-two students from universities participated in the study. Students were asked to explain how multiple seeds in different fruits are formed by drawing. Students stated that the formation of multiple seeds was related to mitosis and meiosis occurring in different structures, and cells within the ovary, the number of ovaries, the number and structure of pollen grains fertilising the egg, or the type of fruit. Analysis of the findings reveals several learning obstacles that prevent students from understanding the subject and answering related questions correctly. It was concluded that students were unaware that the ovule is a separate structure within the ovary, or their perception that the ovary always contains only a single ovule, prevented their learning of these topics. The primary cause of these didactic learning obstacles is the depiction of ovarian models in textbooks and teaching materials that present only a single ovule. It is recommended that the content of textbooks and teaching methods be reorganised with attention to these types of learning obstacles, as they form the basis of these. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">444-460</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pingping Zhao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhi Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hao Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yueyang Shao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jian Liu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREDICTIVE EFFECT OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING QUALITY ON SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hierarchical linear modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific problem-solving ability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765179</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many studies have examined the relationship between project-based learning (PBL) and scientific problem-solving ability, but few have addressed the issue of the quality of PBL (QPBL). This study analyzed two-wave data collected from 4,568 seventh-grade Chinese students. Pretest and posttest of scientific problem-solving ability were conducted through computer-based assessment featuring interactive tasks, and the students’ QPBL scores were collected through a questionnaire. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) indicated that QPBL positively predicted students’ scientific problem-solving ability. Specifically, “authenticity” positively predicted all three subcomponents of scientific problem-solving ability (design of scientific inquiry, scientific reasoning, and scientific explanation); “autonomy in research questions” negatively predicted all three subcomponents; and “group collaboration” and “project demonstration” positively predicted some of the subcomponents. These findings enrich the literature on the predictive effects of QPBL on scientific problem-solving ability in specific educational and cultural contexts and have practical implications for teachers seeking to apply PBL more effectively to enhance students’ scientific problem-solving ability.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">190-206</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyojeong Hwang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-Ki Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESERVICE TEACHERS' DECISION-MAKING ON INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT: A KNOWLEDGE–ACTION DISCONNECT ACROSS CONTEXTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision-making</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem disruption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invasive species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scenario-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765168</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decisions about invasive species management often require individuals to balance ecological knowledge with ethical considerations and practical constraints, particularly in everyday and educational contexts. Grounded in frameworks of ecological literacy and socioscientific issues, this study conceptualizes invasive species management as a context-dependent decision-making process that integrates scientific knowledge, ethical reasoning, and professional judgment. Using scenario-based inquiry, 191 Korean preservice biology teachers responded to two contrasting situations involving red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans): managing an abandoned pet in a household context and addressing overpopulation within a school breeding program. Qualitative content analysis revealed notable discrepancies between preservice teachers’ understanding of invasive species and ecosystem-disrupting species, as well as inconsistencies between articulated ecological concerns and recommended actions. Decision-making patterns differed markedly by context, with household scenarios shaped primarily by emotional and practical considerations, whereas institutional scenarios emphasized professional responsibility and institutional management. These findings highlight persistent gaps in preservice teachers’ understanding of invasive species management and demonstrate the powerful influence of context on professional judgment. The study highlights important implications for science teacher education, particularly the need to foster integrated decision-making competencies that connect ecological understanding, ethical reasoning, and context-sensitive decision-making for managing invasive species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39-54</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo   Bussotti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PROBLEM OF TANGENT, MAXIMA AND MINIMA: A HISTORICAL APPROACH TO ITS TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical perspective</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematical challenges</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific disciplines</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913722</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As it is generally taught in upper secondary and technical schools, mathematical analysis often presents fewer initial procedural difficulties for students than Euclidean synthetic geometry. Textbooks typically introduce the fundamental concepts of this branch—function, limit, derivative, and integral—in an intuitive manner, before moving abruptly toward a rigorous formalization in terms of ε-δ language. Furthermore, there is arguably an excessive pedagogical emphasis on certain dry, introductory topics. For instance, a considerable amount of instructional time is spent on determining the domain of a function, a task which essentially reduces to solving systems of equations or inequalities, offering little conceptual richness.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">438-443</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İlhan Şahin, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eylem Yalçinkaya-Önder</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' ENVIRONMENTAL IDENTITIES AND SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental identity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable environmental attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765169</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding how adolescents’ connections with nature relate to their sustainable orientations is critical for designing effective environmental education programs. However, empirical evidence on this relationship remains limited in non-Western contexts such as Türkiye. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the relationship between lower-secondary school students’ environmental identities and their sustainable environmental attitudes, and to determine whether these constructs differ by gender and grade level. The sample comprised 359 students (5th-8th grades) from public schools in the Marmara Region of Türkiye, selected through convenience sampling from three schools, ensuring a robust and valid assessment. Data were collected using the Environmental Identity Scale and the Sustainable Environmental Attitude Scale. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between environmental identity and sustainable environmental attitudes. Independent-samples t-tests showed that female students scored higher on the overall environmental identity scale, particularly in moral responsibility toward nature and seeing nature as part of the self. For sustainable environmental attitudes, females scored higher in perception, behavior, and the overall scale. One-way ANOVA analyses indicated that lower-grade students demonstrated stronger environmental identities and higher perception and behavior scores, whereas higher-grade students exhibited stronger thought scores. No significant grade-level differences were found for overall sustainable environmental attitudes. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-73</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RISKS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USING FOR SCIENTIFIC LITERACY LEVEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765163</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I wish to thank the journal and its editors for the opportunity to write this short editorial. This issue brings many new ideas and insights into current challenges in science education. In my text, I highlight certain risks associated with scientific literacy and the overuse of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an essential element of modern society, revolutionizing domains such as education and research. It is therefore essential to engage with this technology effectively across all spheres of human activity.
The concept of scientific literacy is frequently invoked in lay society as well as among researchers and professionals in the field. However, its understanding has remained problematic from the past to the present. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selahattin Akpınar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savaş Varlık</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Öznur Akpınar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Uygur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Şamil Gürer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sedef Bulut</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şirin Kübra Yağmur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şeref Yiğit Akpınar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY, SCIENCE LEARNING STRATEGIES, AND SCIENTIFIC DECISION-MAKING: THE MODERATED MEDIATION ROLE OF SCIENCE SELF-EFFICACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed-methods research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific decision-making</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific inquiry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863018</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific decision-making among science upper-secondary school students may be shaped by their engagement in scientific inquiry and the strategies they use to learn science; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. This study investigates how science self-efficacy functions as a moderator and mediator in the link between scientific inquiry and scientific decision-making, with science learning strategies serving as the intermediary, among upper-secondary school science students. A mixed-methods exploratory sequential design, including a scale development sub-design, was employed. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven students placed in science upper-secondary schools by scoring in the top 1% on the entrance exam, using criterion sampling. Based on these findings, a scale was developed and piloted with 675 students, demonstrating satisfactory validity and reliability. The finalized scale was then administered to 430 students enrolled in science upper-secondary schools across Türkiye during the 2025–2026 academic year. Results revealed positive and significant associations among the variables. Science learning strategies demonstrated a central mediating role, and these associations were stronger at higher levels of science self-efficacy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217-234</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angelika Bernsteiner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Claudia Haagen-Schützenhöfer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CREDIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF SCIENTIFIC CONTENT ON INSTAGRAM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">credibility assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Instagram</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863019</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social media are central areas for adolescents’ engagement with science but also environments for misinformation. This challenges adolescents’ ability to assess the credibility of scientific content. So far, little is known about how adolescents assess credibility on social media. Building on empirical studies and frameworks of credibility and combining self-reports, performance data, and written justifications, this study examined how Austrian upper secondary school students (N = 1,055) use social media and how they assess the credibility of scientific Instagram posts. Self-report data were analysed descriptively and via exploratory factor analysis. Written justifications were examined using qualitative content analysis. The students reported limited use of social media for scientific information. 19 self-report items concerning the procedure for assessing credibility clustered into four factors aligned with theoretically grounded credibility perspectives: design, trustworthiness, social validation, and content. When assessing Instagram posts, students often applied one credibility perspective at a time and changed credibility perspectives across posts. The weak alignment between self-reported and actual credibility assessment suggests a reliance on heuristics over systematic reasoning, reducing assessment reliability. These findings highlight challenges for science education, strengthening adolescents’ science media literacy and metacognitive awareness, and for science communication, making credibility cues explicitly visible and interpretable in fast-paced, visually driven environments. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">235-257</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soyeon Jang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VISUAL ATTENTION IN EARLY PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS DURING OBSERVATION ACTIVITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eye-tracking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observation skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual attention</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913726</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific observation is a foundational inquiry skill in early childhood science education, yet how visual attention develops during observation tasks among lower-grade primary school students remains underexplored. This study examined whether and how visual attention during science observation activities differs across Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 primary school students and adults in Korea. A cross-sectional comparative design was employed, using eye-tracking technology to measure fixation duration, fixation count, and gaze transitions across four tasks structured according to SAPA's hierarchy of observation skills. A total of 108 participants (Year 1: n=16, Year 2: n=35, Year 3: n=33, Adults: n=24) completed the tasks, and group differences were examined using one-way ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc tests. Year 1 students consistently differed from all other groups: they showed shorter fixation durations on target areas, more frequent gaze transitions, greater attention dispersal toward irrelevant information, and weaker top-down attentional control. Year 2 and Year 3 students generally performed comparably to adults. These findings indicate that Year 1 students are at a critical developmental stage in the development of observation ability, and suggest that the design of science observation activities and curriculum materials for lower-grade students should reflect these age-related attentional characteristics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">461-474</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Josip Slisko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHY SCIENCE LOVES MATHEMATICS?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematical relationships</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strategic analysis skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863014</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematics is the language of science and the foundation of STEM education. The interdisciplinary link between science and mathematics develops problem-solving, computational thinking, and strategic analysis skills. Activities like path and matchstick puzzles support these skills, while different physics principles and mathematical relationships help appreciate the important roles scientific concepts play in understanding phenomena in nature and technology. This integration, enriched by artificial intelligence today, prepares students for the future as well-equipped individuals who can produce scientific solutions to real-world problems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">214-216</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laila Ayaichi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aziz Amaaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abderrahman Mouradi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACCEPTANCE OF AUGMENTED REALITY VIA MOBILE DEVICES BY HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS IN PHYSICS PRACTICAL WORK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">augmented reality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practical work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology acceptance model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575673</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Augmented Reality (AR) is an emerging technology with strong potential to enhance the educational value of physics lab work. However, its integration in higher education remains inconsistent, often hindered by students' limited prior experience and varying levels of acceptance. This study investigates the factors influencing students’ intention to adopt AR, using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a theoretical framework. A comparative quantitative approach was applied to a sample of 756 undergraduate and graduate physics students, including 334 with prior AR experience and 442 without. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire based on validated instruments and distributed via Microsoft Forms. Results indicate significant differences between the two groups: students with prior AR exposure reported more favorable perceptions regarding its usefulness, ease of use, general attitude, and intention to adopt it. Structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS) confirms that perceived ease of use positively affects perceived usefulness, which in turn moderately influences attitude, the primary predictor of behavioral intention. These findings validate the relevance of TAM in explaining and predicting AR adoption in physics education and suggest that prior experience, while influential, is only one of several factors affecting the successful acceptance of AR in a university setting.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">611-623</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ping Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aminuddin Bin Hassan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sallar Salam Murad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zixin Xu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADVANCING GENDER EQUITY IN STEM EDUCATION: THE ROLE OF INQUIRY-BASED COOPERATIVE LEARNING AND CLASSROOM ENGAGEMENT IN CHALLENGING GENDER ROLE STEREOTYPES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom engagement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender role stereotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based cooperative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM academic performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural equation modelling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713328</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global gender gaps in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields persist, as female students often encounter cultural and academic barriers that constrain their involvement and success. This study attempts to examine the mediating and moderating roles of classroom engagement and inquiry-based cooperative learning in the association between gender role stereotypes and STEM academic performance with a unique sample of 366 upper-secondary girls in underprivileged areas of China. This study employs a quantitative methodology, using survey data and structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the mechanisms and pathways among the key variables. The results indicated that: (1) gender role stereotypes had a significantly negative effect on STEM academic performance; (2) classroom engagement played a mediating role between gender role stereotypes and STEM academic performance; and (3) inquiry-based cooperative learning played a moderating role in the path of female gender role stereotypes to STEM academic performance. This research sheds light on how classroom environment affects gender role stereotypes and STEM success, affecting educational policy and training. When encouraging inquiry-based and cooperative learning, educators and policymakers should address gender and individual learning requirements.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1101-1116</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Demkanin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daša Červeňová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Sands</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APPLICATION OF SELECTED MODELS OF MIND IN THEORIES OF PHYSICS EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mind theories</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preliminary study</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713332</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In physics education research, we often focus on specific issues and rarely look at students as whole individuals. Over the past decade, researchers have explored students' bio-psycho-social aspects and analyzed the core principles of personality theories, comparing them with genetic mapping. Recently, new medical imaging techniques have been developed to scan the brain and explore the fundamental links between learning theories, incorporating psychological, social, and biological perspectives. This study offers a brief overview of selected mind theories relevant to physics education. In addition to theories and models of understanding, the primary focus is on one neurocognitive theory: the Theory of the Five Pillars of the Mind, established by Tokuhama-Espinosa. Four years of research applying this theory to physics education have produced promising results. Here, we present a preliminary study that highlights the theoretical framework of our ongoing research. The Theory of the Five Pillars of the Mind aligns well with existing physics education theories, and its application shows promising outcomes. In this contribution, we also showcase an example of how this theory can be applied. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1117-1131</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branko Anđić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DEEPFAKE LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deepfake learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740920869.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Higher education appears to be undergoing the most significant transformations due to the integration of artificial intelligence into teaching, learning, feedback provision, assessment, writing, and the growing role of AI in student research. Several aspects of AI in education have already been studied, such as institutional adoption policies and guidelines (Jin et al., 2025), Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and Automated Assessment and Feedback (Ramadhan et al., 2024). On the other hand, certain topics, such as deepfakes and their consequences for learning, remain underexplored. Deepfakes refer to the use of AI to create media—such as photos, audio, and video content—that appears authentic but is, in reality, artificially generated. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalender Arıkan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ASSOCIATION OF LEARNING STYLES WITH KNOWLEDGE AND PERFORMANCE IN VERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning outcomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning style</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual and verbal knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740920932.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning style (LS), either visual or verbal, has become debatable in the field of education vis-à-vis its relation to student success. However, it remains a valuable research theme for improving learning activities in the teaching of highly visual science fields, including biology, physics, and chemistry. Previous studies have primarily focused on the success of participants in the courses they took according to their predetermined learning preferences. Conversely, in this study, all participants attended the vertebrate course and took the same tests. Notably, this study aimed to reveal the relationship between participants' LS, the type of acquired knowledge (visual or verbal), and the retention of knowledge. Accordingly, a self-reported, revised Visualizer-Verbalizer Questionnaire (VVQ) and interviews were used to assess participants' (N = 66; 38 females and 28 males) LS. According to the study results, the visualizers’ identification test scores correlate with LS in the first tests, while those of the verbalizers do not. Retention tests are a distinctive factor in revealing the relationship between LS and test scores. This study shows that investigating the effects of LS in different circumstances contributes to the field of education, and that more in-depth data can be obtained from individuals' learning activities. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-18</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ni Wayan Rai Utari Dewi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minchul Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BASIC INQUIRY AND INTEGRATED SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS IN DIGITAL-RELATED EXPERIMENTS WITHIN PHYSICS TEXTBOOKS OF SOUTH KOREA, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND INDONESIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic inquiry skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital experiment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integrated science process skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659910</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technological development, particularly in experimental, is now embedded in physics textbooks. Therefore, this study analyzed how the basic inquiry and the integrated science process skills in digital-related experiments are distributed within physics textbooks of South Korea, the United Kingdom, and Indonesia. A descriptive qualitative content analysis was conducted by analyzing physics textbooks from these countries. The samples included six physics textbooks, two from each country. The findings indicate that the most frequently used digital-related experiment tool was the video recorder in South Korea, the computer in the United Kingdom, and the virtual (simulation) experiment in Indonesia. The distribution of basic inquiry skills from these countries predominantly emphasizes ‘observing’ and ‘measuring’, while other skills are only minimally incorporated. However, the 'classifying' and 'predicting' were not found in any textbooks. Furthermore, the distribution of integrated science process skills shows that   'experimenting' skills are used most frequently, while the other skills are only minimally incorporated. However, ‘formulating hypotheses’ was not found in any textbooks. Therefore, this study strongly emphasizes the digital-based experiments, which highlight the optimization of basic inquiry and integrated science process skills distribution. This study can be used as a reference in developing educational policy or curriculum on a global scale.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">860-877</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksandra Šindić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adrijana Višnjić-Jevtić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lepičnik Vodopivec, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRIDGING THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE SYSTEM: PRESCHOOL TEACHERS’ AGENCY IN IMPLEMENTATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTINGS IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bosnia and Herzegovina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Croatia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">early childhood education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECE Academy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-program</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slovenia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713347</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although the importance of Education for Sustainable Development in Early Childhood (ECEfS) is widely acknowledged, its implementation varies across different national, institutional, and individual contexts. This quantitative study involved 398 ECE teachers from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia. The aim of the research was to identify differences in the implementation of specific dimensions of ECEfS and in the achieved sustainability outcomes among children, with respect to three levels of ECE teachers’ professional context: national, institutional, and individual. Data were collected via an online survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and t-tests. While the study was limited by reliance on self-assessment and purposive sampling, it provided valuable insights into how professional context shapes early sustainability practices and outcomes and raised questions for future research. Findings indicate the existence of differences among respondents from different countries in the level of implementation of certain aspects of early childhood education for sustainable development, as well as in children's sustainability outcomes. Similar differences were identified between ECE teachers working in eco and non-eco kindergartens, and between those familiar and unfamiliar with the activities of the ECE Academy. The results highlight the importance of institutional context and professional development in supporting sustainability practices in early childhood education settings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1221-1234</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ya Zhu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaohui Chi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuhao Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE IN ASSESSING SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY COMPETENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed-methods research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific inquiry competence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575769</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing scientific inquiry competence (SIC) is essential for fostering students’ inquiry skills, and the effectiveness of such assessments largely depends on teachers’ assessment knowledge. Grounded in a four-dimensional framework of science teacher assessment knowledge, this study developed and validated a scenario-based diagnostic instrument incorporating authentic video clips of inquiry-focused teaching situations. The instrument was administered to 146 novice chemistry teachers in China to examine their knowledge of assessing SIC. Results showed that teachers demonstrated relatively strong knowledge of assessment content but had only moderate awareness of assessment purposes and limited knowledge to apply appropriate assessment strategies and interpret evidence. These findings highlight significant gaps in teachers’ assessment knowledge of SIC, especially in integrating multiple dimensions of assessment in practice. The study underscores the need for targeted professional development to enhance teachers’ assessment literacy and support effective inquiry-based science teaching, particularly in discipline-specific contexts such as chemistry.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">774-793</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Limin Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qing Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le Ji</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huiying Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COGNITIVE DIAGNOSIS OF UPPER-SECONDARY STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS IN IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM BASED ON THE RULE SPACE MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive diagnostic assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ionization equilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning path</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rule space model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575767</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating students' cognitive understanding of core concepts and identifying learning path aligned with their cognitive developmental patterns are critical for enhancing conceptual mastery in chemistry. This study employed the Rule Space Model to investigate students' cognitive characteristics and learning path in comprehending the conceptual network centered on &quot;ionization equilibrium.&quot; Within this framework, nine key attributes were identified, and corresponding assessment instruments comprising 23 test items were developed. The assessment was administered to 340 upper-secondary school students in China, with systematic scoring and analysis of their responses. The findings reveal that: (1) The assessment demonstrates satisfactory reliability and validity; (2) Students exhibited significant cognitive challenges in four attributes: &quot;Ionization degree,&quot; &quot;Ionization equilibrium constant,&quot; &quot;Solution acidity/alkalinity and pH,&quot; and &quot;Acid-base titration&quot;. (3) The predominant learning path for students to construct a conceptual network is： Electrolyte → Strong /weak electrolyte → Ionization equilibrium → Ionization degree → Ionic product of water → The shift in ionization equilibrium → Ionization equilibrium constant → Solution acidity/alkalinity and pH → Acid-base titration.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">742-755</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jianqiang Ye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Junhua Gao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tingting Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kun He</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dimei Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COGNITIVE LOAD CHANGE IN CHEMICAL CONCEPT LEARNING: INSIGHTS FROM EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive load</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">event-related potentials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oxidation-reduction reactions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921333.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explored the impact of oxidation-reduction reaction problem difficulty on university students' cognitive load using event-related potentials (ERPs). Forty-eight balanced low and high difficulty problems were designed. Fifteen undergraduate students majoring in chemistry (8 females and 7 males) participated in the study. Results demonstrated significantly increased reaction time, significantly decreased accuracy, and highly significantly elevated subjective effort as task difficulty intensified. ERP analysis revealed significant differences in N200, P300, and N400 amplitudes between easy and difficult problems, indicating increased demands on control, working memory, and in-depth processing under high load. The study provided physiological evidence supporting cognitive load theory and offered implications for optimizing oxidation-reduction reaction teaching. The findings bridged the gap between cognition and education, suggesting potential avenues for improving chemistry education through cognitive load management.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92-104</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yongjun Jeong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Da-yeon Yoo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lim, S.-M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyonyong Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngshin Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARISON OF TEACHING AND LEARNING CONCEPT NETWORKS RELATED TO ECOSYSTEM COMPOSITION IN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN REPUBLIC OF KOREA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">connection network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning concept network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching concept network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659914</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning in the classroom is mainly done through verbal interaction. Since science learning is a subject in which it is difficult for students to acquire knowledge on their own, teacher guidance in class is more important. This study aimed to compare teaching and learning concept networks for the ecosystem-related content taught in upper secondary schools in the Republic of Korea. This content is divided into two classes—namely, ‘Ecosystem Components’ and ‘Interactions between Ecosystem Components’. The key concept and connection networks for teaching and learning concepts were analysed. The study participants were 10th-grade students and three teachers who taught them. The teacher’s class content was recorded, while the students’ learning concepts were examined using a questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using NetMiner 4.0. The results of this study are as follows: First, the teachers and students predominantly shared the concept of the entire ecosystem; however, the detailed structures of the concept networks differed. Second, the teacher did not clearly teach the concepts of the ‘Ecosystem Components’ and ‘Interactions between Ecosystem Components’ classes and utilised the concepts repeatedly. Third, the follow-up learning content impacted the pre-learning. These findings suggest that teachers need to clearly divide concepts into each topic when teaching. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905-917</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stamatios Papadakis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPUTATIONAL THINKING BEYOND CODING IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: REFRAMING CS EDUCATION FOR THE AGE OF AI</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">algorithmic thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computational processes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computational thinking (CT)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575581</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computational thinking (CT) is increasingly recognized globally as a fundamental skill for the 21st century, yet its implementation in computer science (CS) education often is still limited to coding activities (Bers, 2018). It is essential to reframe CT as a cognitive approach that supports computational inquiry, problem-solving, and ethical AI engagement, starting from early education using developmentally appropriate tools like ScratchJr (Papadakis, 2020). In the age of artificial intelligence and rapid technological advancements, CS education faces a critical need to evolve beyond traditional approaches.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">592-594</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petr Kovarik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romana Adamkova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONCEPT OF VIRUSES AMONG FIRST AND SECOND GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">categorical system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children's drawing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptions of viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746293070.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Everyone has been interacting with the outside world since birth, creating ideas about various objects or phenomena. The main aim of the research was to identify the concepts of primary school students about viruses. In addition to finding out the level of ideas, additional aims were to determine the effect of gender, the degree of education attended, the residence, the presence of a doctor in the family and the perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD). The research sample consisted of 173 first and second grade primary school students. The research tool consisted of three parts. The first part was sociodemographic variables, the next part was a questionnaire focusing on the perception of one's own health. In the last section of the research tool, a children's drawing was used to determine the level of respondents' ideas about viruses. The data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential and multidimensional statistics methods. In most cases, drawings of viruses were relatively accurate. The level of education attended and perceived infectiousness were shown to be significant factors influencing the level of students' ideas about viruses. Due to a non-representative sample, the study brings only preliminary results.  The anthropomorphic elements were often present in students’ drawings in the first grade, it would be appropriate to consider what visual material should be used in the teaching process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">284-295</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tereza Brčáková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renata Ryplová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomáš Mrkvička</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONNECTION BETWEEN COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE DIMENSIONS OF PLANT AWARENESS IN RELATION TO UNDERSTANDING THE COOLING FUNCTIONS OF VEGETATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant cooling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713319</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Awareness is a multidimensional construct that reflects the level of an individual's perception, understanding, and valuation of plants. Enhancing Plant Awareness is vital for conserving biodiversity and promoting sustainability, given the frequent neglect of plants' ecological roles. This study analyzes the relationship between the cognitive (knowledge) and affective (attitudes) dimensions of Plant Awareness, influenced by a teaching intervention focused on the role of plants in cooling the local climate. Using a pre-test/ post-test and experimental/ control group design, 201 Czech students aged 13–15 engaged in project-based learning. The experimental group measured the cooling effect of the plants in the field using thermovision, while the control group received information solely in the classroom from the teacher. For the study, a self-constructed instrument to measure attitudes towards plants was developed (Cronbach’s α = .85/ .86). Results indicated a significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitudes after intervention, highlighting the interconnectedness of these dimensions of Plant Awareness. The experimental group demonstrated improvements in both dimensions, whereas the control group showed only slight knowledge gains and a decline in attitudes. This study emphasizes the necessity of integrating climate-related functions of vegetation into education through hands-on experiences and modern technology to foster Plant Awareness.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1061-1077</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 4, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">591</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 6, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1011</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 3, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">395</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740920724.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746292624.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 5, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">799</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 6, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1009-1010</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 5, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">797-798</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 4, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">589-590</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740920681.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746292596.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213-214</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 3, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">393-394</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hidayati Maghfiroh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siti Zubaidah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susriyati Mahanal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hendra Susanto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE GENETICS LITERACY AND REASONING TEST: A TOOL FOR EXPLORING GLOBAL GENETICS ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetics literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instrument validation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">So far, instruments to measure genetic literacy that encompass global genetic issues are limited. In addition, instruments that assess practical knowledge and comprehensively evaluate genetic literacy skills have yet to be developed. Therefore, this research aimed to develop, validate, and improve an instrument based on a new conceptual framework of genetic literacy across grades. Six stages were conducted based on construct modeling to establish the Genetics Literacy and Reasoning Test. In the development process, numerous sources of evidence were collected, including evaluation from an expert panel to examine face validity, a pilot study to ensure comprehension, and testing involving 250 pre-service biology teachers. The results showed that the Genetics Literacy and Reasoning Test generally has good quality regarding dimensionality, reliability and separation, item fit, person–item mapping, and other data collected from interviews. This study highlights the importance of developing reliable and valid instruments to evaluate students’ genetic literacy and recommends it as a valuable tool for research and practice.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">465-487</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gábor Fekets</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-SUPPORTED CHATBOT AS AN INTERACTIVE LEARNING PLATFORM IN STEM EDUCATION: EXPLORING USABILITY AND STUDENT EXPERIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI chatbot</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BOT Usability Scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Botpress in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BUS-15 questionnaire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interactive learning platform</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659912</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">While generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools are gradually being integrated into educational practice, their actual usability in classroom settings remains insufficiently understood. This mixed-methods research was designed as a small-sample pilot study, offering preliminary insights to inform a future large-scale scientific evaluation. The following questions were explored: What are the contents, functions, and capabilities of AI-based chatbots in education? How do students evaluate the usability of a chatbot using BUS-15 metrics? The online developer system botpress.com was chosen as the framework to support physics education within STEM fields for upper-secondary students. A validated instrument, BUS-15, a commercial tool for measuring chatbot usability, was utilised in an educational setting to evaluate students’ user experience. In May 2025, 37 Taiwanese students used the developed AI chatbot. Cronbach’s α was 0.709, consistent with values typically observed for chatbots developed for business purposes. Based on the results, the chatbot met the students’ expectations. Accessibility emerged as a key determinant of chatbot success, although issues were noted with response times and conversational coherence. The findings also underscore the importance of evaluating a chatbot’s pedagogical value, specifically its potential to enhance learning experiences and support multilingual engagement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">878-893</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lepičnik Vodopivec, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksandra Šindić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN PRESCHOOLS WITH ECO-PROGRAMS: IMPLEMENTATION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">early childhood education for sustainability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">early childhood environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECEfS outcomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-school/eco-kindergarten program</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921560.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early Childhood Environmental Education (EECE) and Early Childhood Education for Sustainability (ECEfS) are becoming increasingly integrated into preschool curricula, highlighting their key role in shaping environmentally conscious and sustainably oriented generations from an early age. The mentioned concepts represent the theoretical starting points of this empirical quantitative study, the aim of which is to examine the differences in the implementation of ESD, as well as the differences in the achieved outcomes of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in kindergartens with and without eco-programs, based on the preschool teacher's assessment, and to identify the specifics of the implementation of ESD in kindergartens with an eco-program in Slovenia. The research was conducted in 2024, on a sample of 114 preschool teachers employed in Slovenian kindergartens. The results confirm that in kindergartens with an eco-program, ESD's ecological, social and economic dimensions are successfully connected, and an integrated approach is applied. In kindergartens with an eco-program, ECEfS is implemented more prominently in the regular curriculum, and the outcomes of ECEfS are achieved to a higher degree than in kindergartens without an eco-program, which indicates the success of the program from the point of view of sustainability.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">133-148</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyojeong Hwang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-Ki Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS' DECISION-MAKING UNDER UNCERTAINTY AND IGNORANCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adaptive expertise</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision-making patterns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological experts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-normal science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific ignorance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific uncertainty</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713337</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological scientists routinely make decisions in contexts where scientific uncertainty and ignorance constrain available evidence, yet empirical research on how they judge such situations remains limited. Understanding these decision-making processes is critical because ecological crises—such as biological invasions and chemical accidents—require rapid action despite incomplete information. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine how ecological field experts respond cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally to different uncertainty-laden scenarios. The study involved 16 ecological field experts from a single national context (with an average experience of 22.0 years), specializing in amphibians, reptiles, freshwater fish, and birds. Data were collected using three scenario-based instruments representing increasing levels of uncertainty, risk, and urgency, and analyzed through constant comparative analysis. Four distinct decision-making types emerged: Consistent Knowledge-Seekers (25.0%), Risk-Escalating Responders (25.0%), Action-Oriented Responders (25.0%), and Policy-Focused Responders (25.0%). As risk increased across scenarios, the research orientation decreased from 93.8% to 43.8%, while the preventive/management orientation increased to 56.2%. Additionally, emotional responses intensified to 25.0% in the high-risk scenario. These findings underscore the importance of biology education in leveraging uncertainty as a learning resource and fostering students’ contextual scientific reasoning, adaptive expertise, and communication competencies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1132-1147</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sejun Oh</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATION CLASSES FOR PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS USING TEXT-VIDEO-BASED AI</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Text-to-Video AI</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate change and sustainability pose abstract, interdisciplinary challenges that demand innovative pedagogy. This study aimed to examine how generative text-to-video (TTV) tools influence pre-service teachers’ lesson-planning competencies and what educational values and affordances pre-service teachers attribute to the technology. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed with 34 pre-service teachers. Quantitative pre- and post-surveys measuring 18 competencies revealed statistically significant gains in 17 items; five exhibited large effects (e.g., d = 1.01 for selecting instructional materials). Qualitative thematic analysis of group-designed lessons identified four recurrent themes: enhanced creativity, stronger curriculum alignment, heightened student engagement, and differentiated use of TTV for diverse learners. Participants valued TTV’s capacity to visualize complex processes, reduce cognitive load, and integrate multiple subjects around climate issues. The converged findings demonstrate that TTV makes abstract content more tangible and motivates learners while expanding teachers’ design repertoires. These results offer an empirical foundation for incorporating TTV into teacher-education programmes and suggest directions for future research on scalable, ethically grounded AI applications in education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">538-551</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhe Liang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lei Zha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF CONTEXTUALIZED VS. DECONTEXTUALIZED ILLUSTRATIONS ON ATTENTION ALLOCATION AND CREATIVE TRANSFER IN ENERGY-SAVING COMMUNICATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contextualized illustration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy-saving communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eye tracking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information transfer</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713342</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effective dissemination of energy-saving information is vital for fostering environmental awareness and behavioral change. This study explored how diagram type and individual environmental attitudes shape attention allocation, text processing, and information transfer. A mixed-methods experiment was conducted with 60 design students, who viewed two types of explanatory diagrams—Contextualized Application Illustrations (CAI) and Decontextualized Technical Illustrations (DTI)—while their eye movements were recorded. Participants then created hand-drawn posters and completed semi-structured interviews. Results showed that CAI captured attention more quickly than DTI, as indicated by shorter time to first fixation, regardless of environmental attitude. A significant interaction effect emerged for fixation time: high-attitude participants focused less on CAI images but engaged more deeply with accompanying text, whereas low-attitude participants devoted more attention to CAI images but less to text. Poster analyses revealed a strong preference for CAI as a creative reference, with participants integrating contextual cues into their designs. Interviews further confirmed that CAI’s real-life scenarios enhanced intuitive comprehension and stimulated scenario-based creative expression. Overall, contextualized visual design proved effective in attracting attention, supporting deeper cognitive processing among high-involvement viewers, and facilitating the transfer of environmental information into new expressive formats.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1189-1207</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Uyar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTIVE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN STEM EDUCATION: PERSPECTIVES OF STEM EDUCATORS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence Tools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM educators</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study investigates the perspectives of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) educators in Türkiye regarding the integration of Artificial Intelligence Tools (AITs) into STEM education (STEM-e). The research was conducted to address the lack of comprehensive studies exploring educators' experiences, challenges, and the perceived impact of AITs on student outcomes. Adopting a phenomenological research design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 STEM educators who actively use AITs in their teaching practices. Purposive sampling was used to select STEM educators who actively and consistently integrate AITs into their instructional practices, ensuring firsthand experience with AI-based tools in the classroom. The findings revealed that educators perceive AITs as beneficial for saving time, personalizing instructional content, and enhancing student motivation. However, challenges such as limited pedagogical alignment, accessibility issues, inaccurate feedback, and technical infrastructure deficiencies were also reported. Furthermore, while the mindful use of AITs was found to support students' cognitive and emotional development, excessive or uncritical use may hinder their problem-solving and critical thinking skills. The results underscore the need for educational policymakers and institutions to strengthen technological infrastructure, provide support and training for educators, and implement pilot programs. Additionally, policymakers are encouraged to prioritize user-friendly design and data security to increase the accessibility and effectiveness of AITs in education. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">552-566</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Wen Lo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTIVENESS OF A GAMIFIED INTERACTIVE RESPONSE SYSTEM FOR ENHANCING PRIMARY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gamified interactive response system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning effectiveness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-determined motivation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659926</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary school students of the digital generation often struggle to maintain motivation and engagement, especially under static and non-interactive teaching strategies, underscoring the need for more effective educational approaches. This quasi-experimental study examined whether integrating a gamified interactive response system, Blooket, into a sixth-grade natural science curriculum could enhance students' self-determined motivation and learning effectiveness. The experimental group (n = 52) completed online Blooket quizzes, while the control group (n = 52) took paper-and-pencil tests. Both were administered as formative assessments following the teaching sessions. Data were collected using a self-determined motivation scale and a learning effectiveness test. A self-determined motivation scale was developed specifically for this study, with strong construct validity and satisfactory model fit confirmed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The results indicated that Blooket significantly enhanced self-determined motivation and improved learning effectiveness in the experimental group. Additionally, students reported increased interest in learning and improved classroom dynamics. These findings suggest that gamified interactive response systems have the potential to enhance educational practices by effectively engaging students. Future research should examine the long-term effects and limitations of such systems across diverse educational contexts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">956-968</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seokyung Choi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seongun Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTIVENESS OF PERSPECTIVE-TAKING SUPPORT IN A VISUAL LEARNING TASK ON THE CAUSE OF SEASONAL CHANGES: AN EYE-TRACKING APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">astronomy education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eye-tracking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perspective taking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seasonal change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659909</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examined the effectiveness of incorporating a visual element to support perspective taking in learning about the cause of seasonal changes. Participants were 44 sixth-form pupils who studied materials consisting of illustrations and explanatory texts. In the experimental group, the illustrations included a figure of an observer standing on the Korean Peninsula during summer and winter, whilst the control group viewed the same illustrations without the observer. During the task, eye-tracking devices recorded gaze data, and conceptual understanding was assessed before and after learning. Results showed no significant difference in the proportion of gaze fixation on core areas of the illustrations. However, significant differences emerged in fixation transitions, fixation durations on text, gaze shifts between illustrations and text, and post-test scores of understanding. Eye-movement analyses indicated that the experimental group engaged in cyclic gaze transitions between conceptually related elements of text and illustration, whereas the control group primarily processed text before shifting attention unidirectionally to the illustrations. These findings suggest that perspective-taking elements in visual materials promote qualitatively different cognitive processing strategies and enhance conceptual understanding of astronomical phenomena such as seasonal changes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">843-859</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Derya Kaltakci-Gurel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esra Gokce</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF BIOMIMICRY-ENRICHED ENGINEERING DESIGN-BASED TEACHING ON STUDENTS’ ASSOCIATION WITH DAILY LIFE, STEM ATTITUDE, AND BIOMIMICRY   ATTITUDE IN SOUND AND ITS PROPERTIES UNIT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">association with daily life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomimicry attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomimicry-enriched teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering design-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM attitude</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659916</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examined the effects of biomimicry-enriched engineering design-based teaching on sixth graders' daily life associations, STEM attitudes, and biomimicry attitudes in the “Sound and Its Properties” unit. A pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design was used, with four classes randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The study involved 109 sixth graders in Türkiye. The experimental groups received biomimicry-enriched engineering design-based teaching for 22 hours, while the control groups followed the existing curriculum. The Association with Daily Life Test (ADLT) in the sound topic, Biomimicry Attitude Scale (BAS), and STEM Attitude Scale (SAS) were administered as pre-tests and post-tests to collect data. The post-test scores of the students' association with daily life, biomimicry attitude, and STEM attitude were compared using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) when their pre-test scores were controlled. The findings of the study revealed that the students in the experimental group had significantly higher levels of association with daily life, STEM attitude, and biomimicry attitude compared to those in the control group, with the most substantial impact on association with daily life in the sound topic. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">918-934</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albert Andry E. Panergayo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lydia S. Roleda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF ENGINEERING DESIGN-BASED STEM APPROACH ON STUDENTS' CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING, ENGINEERING DESIGN PERFORMANCE, AND SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering design performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering design process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713345</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Filipino students demonstrated low scientific creativity as revealed by international assessments, prompting the urgent need for an effective educational approach to address this learning gap. In view of this, the present study examined the effect of integrating Engineering Design Process on STEM instruction (STEM-EDP) on students’ conceptual understanding, engineering design performance, and scientific creativity. The study further identified the learning affordances and constraints encountered by the students during the implementation of STEM-EDP. Using educational action research with Plan-Do-Study-Act model, the study validated and implemented STEM-EDP lessons to a purposive sample of 108 students. Results show that the students’ conceptual understanding, engineering design self-assessment, and scientific creativity significantly improved and demonstrated large effect sizes as indicated by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and effect size r. The thematic analysis highlighted the learning affordance (exploration of creative solutions, iterative problem-solving, reflection from learning experiences, and systematic procedure) and the constraints (time management in using EDP, learning references and resources, and background on the problem). Recommendations for the next action research cycles were also discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1208-1220</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heru Edi Kurniawan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulistyo Saputro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suranto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murni Ramli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF INTEGRATING STEM DESIGN THINKING INTO EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ON STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC MODELING SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">design thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">project based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659924</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific modeling is a fundamental tool in STEM education that facilitates the understanding and explanation of complex phenomena. This study examines the effects of the STEM Modelling Design Thinking (STEM MDT) compared to the STEM Project Based Learning (STEM PjBL), particularly in the context of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), in enhancing students' scientific modeling skills. Using a quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent pre-test and post-test control groups, the study involved 108 ninth-grade students in the experimental group (55 students) who participated in the STEM MDT, while the control group (53 students) engaged in STEM PjBL. Data were collected by evaluating scientific modeling skills before and after the intervention. The results indicated that the STEM MDT significantly improved students' scientific modeling skills, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to very large (Cohen’s d = .91), compared to moderate improvement (Cohen’s d = .43). These findings suggest that integrating ESD within the STEM MDT framework not only enhances scientific modeling competencies but also equips students to address complex real-world challenges. This study highlights the potential of STEM MDT as an innovative pedagogical approach for educators and policymakers seeking to cultivate essential skills in future generations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">935-955</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Jen Sie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuen-Yi Lin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AND COGNITION ON STEM LEARNING IN IOT SMART ENERGY-SAVING PROJECTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partial least square-structural equation modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychological capital</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM cognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746293309.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning (PBL) plays a critical role in fostering interdisciplinary integration within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. However, its complexity often hinders students’ ability to apply knowledge and solve problems, particularly in environments that lack psychological and cognitive support. This study aims to address these challenges by constructing a STEM education model centered on PBL and examining the interactions among STEM psychological capital (SPC), problem-solving skills (PS), STEM cognition (SC), and STEM project-based learning performance (SP). In total, 230 seventh-grade students participated in a STEM project-based activity themed &quot;Internet of Things (IoT) Smart Energy-Saving House.&quot; Data were collected through questionnaires and performance assessments. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the interactions. By validating the interplay among psychological capital, cognition, and problem-solving abilities in STEM-PBL contexts, this study identifies the critical role of SPC, PS, and SC in enhancing students' SP outcomes and underscores the necessity of integrating psychological support and cognitive development into STEM curricula. Furthermore, the findings provide a novel framework for bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, offering valuable insights for future research and educational design.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">340-359</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weimiao Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyung Hee Park</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF SCIENCE CLUB ACTIVITIES ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CREATIVE SELF-EFFICACY: MEDIATING QUALITY EDUCATION AND MODERATING ICT USAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT usage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quality education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science club activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school student</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659928</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engagement in science club activities at school has been identified as a crucial experience for developing creative self-efficacy while also fostering students’ social and emotional growth. The effects of science club activities on students’ creative self-efficacy were analyzed using difference verification and structural equation modeling in this study, focusing on a sample of 5,737 Korean secondary school students. Additionally, the study explored the mediating effects of quality teacher and classroom support, which can enhance academic achievement, while concurrently assessing the experience of ICT usage at school. The analysis results indicated that all proposed hypotheses were statistically significant, particularly confirming that secondary school students with internet usage experience exhibit higher levels of creative self-efficacy in science club activities. Finally, this study demonstrated the conflicting moderating effects of computer and smartphone use on the association between science club activities and creative self-efficacy. Therefore, the study emphasized the importance of science club activities supported by quality emotional support from teachers and the implementation of teaching and learning strategies that systematically manage ICT use among secondary school students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">969-983</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anwari Adi Nugroho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sajidan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suranto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammad Masykuri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY BASED LEARNING ON STUDENTS' PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific issues</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921620.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Future needs and challenges, especially in complex real-world problem-solving, require education to equip individuals with quality skills. Inquiry-based learning that integrates socio-scientific issues (SSI) can significantly develop students' problem-solving skills. This study aims to test the effects of the Socio-Scientific Real-world Inquiry (SSRI) learning model in improving problem-solving skills. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design, which involved measuring problem-solving skills before and after the intervention in two groups: the experimental group (44 students) with a socio-scientific real-world inquiry learning model and the control group (46 students) with inquiry learning. Differences in pretest and posttest scores on each aspect of problem-solving skills were analyzed using a paired sample t-test, while an independent sample t-test was used to compare posttest scores between the two groups. Analyze the effect size of each aspect of problem-solving skills in the control group and experimental group using Cohen's Effect Size (ES). The results showed that the SSRI learning model was significantly more effective in improving problem-solving skills than inquiry learning. The findings suggest that SSRI can be an effective learning approach for empowering educators and guiding educational policymakers in fostering essential problem-solving skills for future generations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149-168</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 3, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">586-588</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921822.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">208-212</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 6, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1235-1238</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 5, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1006-1008</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746293478.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">390-392</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 24, No. 4, 2025
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">794-796</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chuang Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Rabu, S. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurullizam Jamiat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING PHYSICS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT, MOTIVATION AND INQUIRY SKILLS IN A FLIPPED CLASSROOM: A STRUCTURED INQUIRY-BASED VIRTUAL LAB APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structured virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921121.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrating virtual laboratories (VLs) with science education promotes inquiry-based learning by providing an interactive, dynamic environment in which students actively engage with scientific concepts. While previous research highlights the effectiveness of VLs as tools in the IBL process, few studies have embedded the entire inquiry process within VLs or explored their application in flipped classrooms. This study addresses these gaps by proposing a Structured Inquiry-Based Virtual Lab (SIVL) approach to improve students' physics learning achievement, motivation, and inquiry skills in a flipped physics classroom. A quasi-experimental design was used with 120 ninth grade students from three intact classes in a lower-secondary school located in central China. The three classes were randomly assigned to one of these groups to implement flipped physics learning by using SIVL, General Virtual Lab (GVL), or a traditional flipped classroom (TFC) by using the physics laboratory method, respectively. The results revealed the SIVL approach improved students' physics learning achievement, inquiry skills, and intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation, which indicates its effectiveness as an innovative model for physics education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-52</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özdem Yılmaz, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Şahin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING SCIENCE TEACHING EFFICACY OF PRE-SERVICE PRESCHOOL TEACHERS THROUGH INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">early childhood teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575704</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural science is often overlooked in preschool education, despite its crucial role in developing young children's inquiry and exploration skills. This study aimed to explain the impact of inquiry-based science teaching activities on the science teaching efficacy of pre-service preschool teachers. Participants included 23 pre-service teachers enrolled in a preschool education undergraduate program at a university. Employing a pretest-posttest weak experimental design, data were collected using the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) and a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted, and quantitative and qualitative data were analysed comparatively. Results indicated a significant increase in participants’ science teaching efficacy following their engagement in inquiry-based activities. The findings highlight the effectiveness of structured, inquiry-centred coursework in enhancing pre-service preschool teachers’ confidence and competence in science teaching, underscoring the importance of embedding inquiry-based approaches within early childhood teacher preparation programs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">670-683</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dwi Setyo Astuti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sajidan Sajidan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suciati Suciati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammad Masykuri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATION OF THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF INSTRUMENTS FOR ASSESSING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ANALYTICAL THINKING SKILLS IN ZOOLOGY COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analytical thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">construct validity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychometric evaluation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713280</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The need for an explicit and validated instrument to assess analytical thinking skills in Zoology courses presents a critical divide in educational assessment. The research aims to evaluate the psychometrics of the instrument for assessing students' analytical thinking skills in the Zoology course. The main problem identified is the lack of an instrument that explicitly assesses analytical thinking skills in the context of Zoology and limitations in construct validity and measurement reliability. Data were collected from 642 students from various universities using stratified random sampling. The psychometric evaluation includes descriptive analysis, content validity with Aiken's V, construct validity through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and internal reliability with Cronbach's Alpha and Composite Reliability (CR). The results indicate that the instrument has good validity and reliability. Cronbach's Alpha and CR values are more than .70, indicating high internal consistency. Discriminant validity with an Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value above .50 confirms the differences between factors. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis identifies five factors that align with the Marzano model. Demographic factors such as age, Grade Point Average (GPA), university, involvement in extracurricular activities, and international experience significantly affect students' analytical thinking skills. The research's implications extend to the development of more accurate instruments for measuring analytical thinking skills in higher education and to providing new insights into the factors that contribute to the development of students' thinking skills.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1033-1048</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sein Shin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-Ki Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FACTORS AFFECTING KOREAN BIOLOGY TEACHERS' INTENTIONS TO TEACH DISSECTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intention to teach dissection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Korean biology teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching dissection</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575706</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Even as regulation policies prohibiting educational dissection have become more prevalent, some teachers continued to express an intent to perform it. This study attempted to empirically explore how biology teachers' intentions to teach dissection are constructed, focusing on four factors: the perceived educational effectiveness of dissection, self-efficacy in teaching dissection, concerns about dissection, and perceived effectiveness of alternatives. Survey data from 124 Korean biology teachers were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results revealed that the perceived educational effectiveness of dissection strongly predicted intentions to teach dissection, both directly and indirectly, through teachers’ self-efficacy. Conversely, concerns about dissection did not directly impact intentions, but indirectly diminished them by reducing self-efficacy and enhancing the perceived effectiveness of alternatives. These results suggest that biology teachers’ intentions to teach dissection are resilient as long as they perceive the educational effectiveness of dissection. Thus, it is crucial not only to emphasize concerns about dissection and the effectiveness of alternatives, but also to highlight the critical evaluation of the educational effectiveness of dissection in order to effectively mitigate teachers' psychological resistance towards regulatory policies. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">706-720</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zainal Arifin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sukarmin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulistyo Saputro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEASIBILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF CULTURALLY SUSTAINING INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING INTEGRATED WITH SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUES FOR ENHANCING CRITICAL THINKING ON CLIMATE CHANGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">culturally sustaining pedagogy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific issues</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575700</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amid the global climate crisis, science education must move beyond neutral knowledge delivery toward fostering critical thinking, environmental ethics, and scientific agency. This study explores the feasibility and effectiveness of a Culturally Sustaining Inquiry-Based Learning model integrated with Socio-Scientific Issues (CSIL-SSI) to enhance upper-secondary students’ critical thinking on climate change (CC). The model combines inquiry-based learning and SSI while incorporating students’ local culture and indigenous knowledge. A mixed-method approach involved classroom observations and pre-post critical thinking tests analyzed using a right-tailed paired-sample t-test. Results showed high feasibility (M= 4.00) in most aspects, though some challenges were noted in group dynamics and student reflection. The t-test indicated a significant improvement in post-test scores (p &lt; .05), confirming the model’s effectiveness. These findings support CSIL-SSI as a feasible and impactful framework that promotes culturally relevant, critical engagement with climate issues. Broader implementation and further research are recommended to explore its long-term impact and adaptability in varied educational settings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">624-636</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sufirman Arifin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOSTERING CREATIVE THINKING IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG RURAL STUDENTS THROUGH SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUES AND DESIGN THINKING INTEGRATION IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">design thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">entrepreneurship</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rural secondary schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific issues approach</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921682.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous studies have demonstrated that the socio-scientific issue approach (SIA) and design thinking (DT) can inspire creative thinking in science learning. However, the way in which the integration of SIA and DT fosters creative thinking in entrepreneurship (CTE) among rural secondary school students during science learning remains unclear. To address this gap, a learning module was developed to explore this integration and examine its implementation challenges. A qualitative research design, using a case study approach with purposive sampling, was employed. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine tenth-grade students from three rural secondary schools in Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia. Students shared their perspectives on the implementation and challenges of the SIA-DT learning module. The interview findings suggest that students believe the SIA-DT method fosters CTE, despite some persistent challenges. This approach has the potential to enhance holistic thinking, critical thinking, transformative learning, systematic inquiry, creative problem-solving, value-based reasoning, strategic planning, and market-driven innovation. Overall, the SIA-DT method shows promise in shaping the next generation of creative entrepreneurs among rural secondary school students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">169-186</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branislava Vučetić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biljana Maksimović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dijana Vučković</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milica Milojević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mićo Mitrović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrijana Žekić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE GENDER GAP IN LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL PHYSICS COMPETITIONS: CONSIDERING NUMERIC AND SYMBOLIC PROBLEMS </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender gap</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">symbolic problems</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Noticing the inconsistency in previous studies of gender differences in learning physics, it was determined to check whether a gender gap exists in a relatively large sample of competitors (N = 12,966) from Serbia. The aim of the research presented here was to analyze the achievements of male and female lower secondary school students, competitors in physics, at all rounds of the physics national competitions in Serbia. The population of respondents consisted of 3,392 competitors in the school year 2015/2016, 4404 in 2016/2017, and 5170 in 2017/2018. Participants were grouped by gender. The results of the analyses, based on a t-test with a confidence level of 95% and  = 0.05, support the hypothesis that there is a statistically significant gender gap in favor of male participants at municipal and district rounds of competitions. However, the obtained results show a lack of difference in achievements at the state competition level. In general, at each subsequent level of competition, the gender gap decreases. In addition to the observed differences at the three levels of competition, the similarities in the achievements of male and female students on certain problems were also analyzed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">567-585</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kutlu Abu, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elif Dal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIFTED STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS ON SCIENCE COURSES IN GENERAL EDUCATION CLASSROOM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gifted children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science courses</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746293127.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gifted students often experience different educational needs compared to their peers, especially in subjects like science. The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of gifted students studying in primary school towards the science course. A phenomenological research method was used. The study group consisted of twenty-four gifted students aged 9–10 years studying in eleven different primary schools in a province in southeastern Türkiye during the 2023-2024 academic year.  Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which were conducted face-to-face. The data were analyzed using content analysis in the MAXQDA 24 software. Gifted students show a strong interest in astronomy, earth sciences, and chemistry, while their interest in other scientific fields, such as biology, is limited. They reported that science lessons often use teacher-centered, text-based approaches that offer limited technology active learning. Although science education at the Science and Art Center was satisfactory, the students expressed that regular classroom practices did not meet their expectations. Students emphasized the need for innovative teaching methods, active learning, laboratory activities, and outdoor learning opportunities. The findings indicate that teaching methods need to be improved, and student-centered approaches can enhance course quality and increase student motivation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">296-311</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yubin Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lin Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jianwen Xiong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guangtian Zhu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GRADERS OF THE FUTURE: COMPARING THE CONSISTENCY AND ACCURACY OF GPT4 AND PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS IN PHYSICS ESSAY QUESTION ASSESSMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI grader</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human graders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics essay question assessment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921781.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As the development and application of large language models (LLMs) in physics education progress, the well-known AI-based chatbot ChatGPT4 has presented numerous opportunities for educational assessment. Investigating the potential of AI tools in practical educational assessment carries profound significance. This study explored the comparative performance of ChatGPT4 and human graders in scoring upper-secondary physics essay questions. Eighty upper-secondary students’ responses to two essay questions were evaluated by 30 pre-service teachers and ChatGPT4. The analysis highlighted their scoring consistency and accuracy, including intra-human comparisons, GPT grading at different times, human-GPT comparisons, and grading variations across cognitive categories. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess consistency, while accuracy was illustrated through Pearson correlation coefficient analysis with expert scores. The findings reveal that while ChatGPT4 demonstrated higher consistency in scoring, human scorers showed superior accuracy in most instances. These results underscore the strengths and limitations of using LLMs in educational assessments. The high consistency of LLMs can be valuable in standardizing assessments across diverse educational contexts, while the nuanced understanding and flexibility of human graders are irreplaceable in handling complex subjective evaluations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187-207</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dong Yang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HUMAN-AI COLLABORATION IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: CHALLENGES AND STEPS FORWARD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher-AI collaboration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659903</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI technologies are reshaping our world and prompting education scholars to rethink both the aims and methods of schooling to prepare learners for the future (Holmes et al., 2019). Meanwhile, interest in integrating AI into science education has grown, with much discussion focusing on the impact of AI on student engagement and learning performance. Among those interests and debates, questions arise about AI’s ability to provide instructional, learning, and evaluative tools, as well as the practices and challenges of teacher-AI collaboration in education.
To conclude, human–AI collaboration in science education offers substantial potential to enrich teaching and learning, on the condition that AI functions as a collaborative partner guided by teacher expertise, ethical principles, and a commitment to equity. Realizing this potential requires deliberate, evidence-based design decisions, professional development that centers on teacher agency, and governance frameworks that foster trust and transparency in AI-assisted learning. By sustaining an ongoing partnership among teachers, researchers, and AI developers, we can foster collective intelligence in human-AI collaboration that illuminates scientific reasoning, personalizes instruction, and supports students in developing robust scientific understandings for the twenty-first century.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">800-801</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maddatuang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arsad Bahri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Ansarullah S. Tabbu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL LITERACY AND DISASTER MITIGATION UNDERSTANDING ON COMPUTATIONAL AND SPATIAL THINKING ABILITY IN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computational thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disaster mitigation understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746293187.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computational thinking and spatial thinking ability play a critical role in enabling students to respond effectively to disasters. However, limited research has examined the impact of digital literacy, disaster education, and cognitive skills in secondary school students. This study aims to assess the impact of digital literacy and disaster mitigation understanding on the development of computational and spatial thinking ability in upper secondary school students. A quantitative research approach was employed using Structural Equation Modeling to analyze the impact of the variables. The research participants in this study consisted of 258 students enrolled in two upper secondary schools, namely Public Senior High School 21 Makassar and Public Senior High School 4 Barru. Data were collected through questionnaires and performance-based tests. The results revealed that digital literacy positively impacted computational thinking and spatial thinking. Similarly, disaster mitigation understanding positively impacted computational thinking and spatial thinking. Moreover, computational thinking demonstrated a moderate positive impact on spatial thinking, indicating a strong interaction between these cognitive domains. These findings suggest that students with higher digital literacy and disaster knowledge exhibit stronger problem-solving and spatial reasoning skills, which are crucial for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">312-325</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tekin Guler</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF SCENARIO-BASED LEARNING ON THE SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY AND REFLECTIVE THINKING SKILLS OF FOURTH-GRADE STUDENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reflective thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746293009.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current study examines the impacts of scenario-based science activities on the scientific creativity and reflective thinking skills of fourth-grade students in primary school. Therefore, it was carried out in a primary school in Yozgat city center during the 2023-2024 Academic Year.  An experimental group (24 students [13 girls, 11 boys]) and a control group (22 students [12 girls, 10 boys]) were formed from the fourth grade of the school in question. Science Scientific Creativity Questionnaire and Science Reflective Thinking Scale were utilized as data collection tools during the experimental process, which lasted ten weeks with three hours each week. The data obtained via the research were analyzed through independent samples t-tests along with dependent samples t-tests. The results obtained through the analysis exhibited a significant difference in the experimental group’s favor with regard to understanding, reflection, and total score of reflective thinking in all sub-dimensions of scientific creativity. Based on these results, it is thought that using scenario-based learning activities would be beneficial in primary school science courses. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271-283</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delfi Eliza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trisna Mulyeni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yulsyofriend</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nenny Mahyuddin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yeni Erita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Dhanil</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN IMPROVING SCIENTIFIC LITERACY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">literature review</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921275.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improving scientific literacy is crucial for early childhood development, yet limited studies necessitate a thorough analysis to identify effective solutions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of project-based learning in early childhood education to improve scientific literacy. The study followed the identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion stages using a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA framework. Sources were accessed from databases such as Google Scholar, ERIC, Springer, JSTOR, Dimensions, and ScienceDirect, totalling 2085 articles. After screening articles published between 2014 and 2024, written in English, and relevant to the topic, 55 articles were selected for further analysis. The findings categorize approaches, trends, subjects, effects, and learning media used in adopting project-based learning to develop scientific literacy in early childhood. Two main approaches were identified: 1) narrative and dialogue and 2) project-based learning. Project-based learning is widely applied in 16 countries in Asia, America, Australia, and Europe. The review indicates that project-based learning improves early childhood scientific literacy in physics, biology, astronomy, and technology through learning media such as experimental tools, toys, robots, AR, VR, and AI. Therefore, implementing project-based learning supported by innovative learning media is an effective solution for improving scientific literacy in early childhood.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71-91</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qian Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qingyun Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xinmian Cui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanfei Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nina Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mengyan Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEGRATING AI IN PRESCHOOL TEACHER EDUCATION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY IN HEALTH EDUCATION AND THE MODERATING EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROFICIENCY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI integration in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool teacher training</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching effectiveness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technological proficiency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575707</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform preschool teacher education, particularly in the domain of health education, yet its effective integration remains underexplored in socioeconomically diverse regions. Understanding the psychological and technical factors that influence AI adoption is essential for improving early childhood education outcomes. This study examines the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of technological proficiency in the relationship between AI integration and teaching effectiveness among preschool teachers.  A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving 475 preschool teachers from Henan Province, China. Data were gathered using validated survey instruments and semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that AI integration positively influences teaching effectiveness, primarily through increased teacher confidence. Technological proficiency also plays a supporting role in enhancing instructional effectiveness. These findings highlight the importance of targeted training, equitable access to AI tools, and professional development programs that foster teacher readiness and confidence in adopting AI into early childhood education.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">721-741</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cunyuan Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiabin Shen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhe Qian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEGRATING SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUES INTO VOCATIONAL DESIGN EDUCATION: EFFECTS ON STUDENTS’ ETHICS AWARENESS, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, AND DESIGN OUTCOMES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">design education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ethics awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social responsibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocational students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explores the effects of embedding Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI) into vocational design education on students’ ethics awareness, social responsibility, and design performance. A mixed-methods quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 80 vocational design students divided into an experimental group (SSI-based workshop) and a control group (traditional workshop). Ethics awareness and social responsibility were assessed using the Attitudes toward the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AT-EAI) and the Chinese College Student Personal Responsibility Scale (CCSPRS), respectively. Performance was evaluated using a rubric-based assessment. Qualitative data were obtained from students’ reflective reports. ANCOVA results revealed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in post-test scores of ethics awareness and social responsibility (p &lt; .05). Additionally, they scored significantly higher in ethical sensitivity and user experience, though not in scientific accuracy creativity, or visual expression (p &lt; .05). Thematic analysis indicated that students in the SSI group demonstrated deeper ethical reasoning, increased empathy, and a redefined sense of the designer’s social role. SSI-based teaching not only enhances students’ ethical and civic competencies but also influences how they embed values into design. It highlights the transformative potential of SSI pedagogy in vocational design education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">434-447</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Junxia Long</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tan Yee Hock</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEGRATING THE 5E MODEL WITH EXPLICIT-REFLECTIVE NOSI TEACHING TO ENHANCE PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5E Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">explicit-reflective teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of scientific inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fostering students’ scientific literacy is a key goal of science education, with understanding the nature of scientific inquiry (NOSI) as a central component. Achieving this goal requires teachers to possess adequate knowledge in this area. However, assessments indicate that pre-service science teachers (PSTs) have not yet developed comprehensive understandings of NOSI. To address this, this study integrated the 5E model with explicit-reflective NOSI teaching within a science methods course. Quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was employed. The Views About Scientific Inquiry (VASI) questionnaire was used to assess PSTs’ understanding of NOSI. Before the study, most PSTs demonstrated naive or mixed views on various aspects of NOSI. Following the intervention, PSTs’ understandings of all aspects improved significantly. Among these, more than half of the PSTs demonstrated informed understandings in four aspects: “begin with questions,” “multiple methods,” “questions guide procedures,” and “conclusions must be consistent with data”. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating the 5E model with explicit-reflective NOSI teaching in enhancing PSTs’ understanding of NOSI. As one of the early attempts, this study lays a foundation for future research on applying the 5E model to NOSI teaching across diverse educational settings and highlights the need for its integration into teacher education curricula and professional development programs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">448-464</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shasha Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaohui Chi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuhao Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERDISCIPLINARY THINKING AMONG SEVENTH-GRADE STUDENTS IN LOWER-SECONDARY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multidimensional item response model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921191.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interdisciplinary thinking is critical for equipping students to apply scientific knowledge and tackle societal challenges across various disciplines, which has been recognized as a key objective of twenty-first century science education. However, research on effective interdisciplinary assessment in secondary school science education is still limited. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument for evaluating seventh graders’ interdisciplinary thinking within lower-secondary science contexts. A four-dimensional framework for evaluating interdisciplinary thinking was proposed, leading to the development of an assessment instrument. Participants were 316 seventh–grade students randomly selected from a lower-secondary school in Jiangsu, China. The multidimensional random coefficients multinomial logit (MRCML) model was employed to examine the reliability and validity of the instrument. The results indicated that the four–dimensional conceptual framework of interdisciplinary thinking was appropriate, and the multidimensional partial credit model (PCM) fitted the data reasonably well. The differential item functioning (DIF) analysis also revealed the absence of gender bias, confirming the measurement invariance statistics reached. In addition, disparities in student performance across the four dimensions were identified, highlighting the need for tailored instructional practices to foster their ability in lower-secondary school science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53-70</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filip Stašević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksandar Milenković</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksandra Maksimović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marina Svičević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lazar Krstić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEREST IN STEM AND ITS RELATIONS TO THE EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAMMAR SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SERBIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grammar school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serbia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM interests</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746293370.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite the growing prominence of STEM disciplines in contemporary society, relevant studies indicate a concerning trend: a decline in students' interest and engagement in these fields. This research included 1,045 students from four grammar schools in Serbia. The study utilizes a quantitative research design: data were collected through an online questionnaire. Key variables: end-of-term marks in STEM subjects, gender, parental education, family size, and place of residence were analyzed following the answers of respondents. Students were divided into two groups, STEM (435) and Non-STEM (610). The results indicated that the students enrolled in STEM-focused programs demonstrated significantly higher academic performance in STEM subjects during primary education compared to their peers in Non-STEM tracks. Additionally, the study identifies potential relations between students’ interest in STEM and factors such as gender, parental education, and place of residence, with no significant effect found for the number of siblings. Specific sample and custom-designed questionnaire, highlight the need for future research with a broader and more diverse sample, incorporating additional socio-demographic factors and qualitative methods for a deeper understanding of students' engagement with STEM fields.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">360-376</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyojeong Hwang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-Ki Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JUDGING INVASIVENESS UNDER SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTY: VALUE ORIENTATIONS AND REASONING PATTERNS OF PRE-SERVICE BIOLOGY TEACHERS ON THE GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision making</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invasive species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific uncertainty</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">value orientation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659913</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the Anthropocene era, science educators must equip students to reason through uncertainty and navigate value-laden environmental dilemmas. This study aimed to examine how pre-service biology teachers make value-based decisions when facing scientific uncertainty, using the case of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and its designation as an invasive species. Drawing on the framework of post-normal science and environmental ethics, a scenario-based mixed-methods survey was conducted with 191 participants across five universities in South Korea. Quantitative results showed that 69.1% of respondents supported the designation, typically adopting ecocentric and precautionary perspectives, while 30.9% opposed it, citing anthropocentric pragmatism and techno-optimism. Qualitative analysis revealed confirmation bias and temporal framing patterns, with participants selectively interpreting evidence in ways consistent with their prior value orientations. These findings highlighted the importance of fostering uncertainty literacy, critical thinking, and ethical reasoning in science teacher education. The study offers international relevance by addressing how future educators construct environmental judgments under uncertainty, with implications for curriculum design across diverse socio-ecological contexts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">894-904</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kurt Gökçeli, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özer Akkaya, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE LINK BETWEEN ECO-ANXIETY AND NATURE RELATEDNESS IN ASSOCIATE DEGREE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">associate degree students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature relatedness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921449.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The mounting prevalence of environmental issues has resulted in an intensified emphasis on one’s relatedness with their surrounding environment and their emotional reactions to this connection in the context of ecological anxiety. This cross-sectional, correlational study attempts to explore the relation between eco-anxiety and nature relatedness among associate degree students. The data were collected using a demographic information form, the Hogg Eco-anxiety Scale, and the Nature Relatedness Scale. The findings uncovered that participants’ nature relatedness exhibited significant differences by gender, non-governmental organizational membership, program of study, sources of environmental information, time spent in natural settings, and involvement in environmental activities during childhood; nevertheless, this was not the case by their place of childhood. Participants’ eco-anxiety levels showed a significant difference by only their program of study. Further analysis indicated a significant correlation between students’ nature relatedness and eco-anxiety. Overall, the integration of nature-related practices (e.g., engagement in addressing environmental issues) into the higher education curricula may facilitate students’ nature relatedness and mitigate their excessive eco-anxiety. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">122-132</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tufan İnaltekin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tolga Saka</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LOWER-SECONDARY STUDENTS' UNDERSTANDING OF CONSTANT VELOCITY MOTION GRAPHS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constant velocity motion graph</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">graphic literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students understanding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921393.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In science, one of the most crucial representations for constructing meaning about physical events is graphs. The first graph students encounter in science class is the constant velocity motion graph. Therefore, examining students' understanding of structuring and interpreting these graphs for the relationship between distance, time, and velocity may provide significant clues for their future understanding of more complex motion graphs. The constant velocity motion graph interpretation and structuring understanding of 6th-grade secondary school students were explored. It was conducted with 97 students from a small-scale province in the east of Türkiye. The data were collected using the “Form on Interpretation and Construction Skills of Constant Velocity Motion Graphs.” The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. It was found that the students mostly used irrelevant reasoning and symbolic reasoning, and the least multiple variable reasoning for graph interpretation. In addition, it was determined that students used irrelevant reasoning the most and single variable reasoning the least in all questions prepared for graph structuring. These results suggest that many students find it difficult to understand complex motion graph questions in the future.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105-121</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walton Wider</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yong Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yin Myo Thant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choon Kit Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leilei Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiansheng Peng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAPPING THE INTELLECTUAL LANDSCAPE OF PRIMARY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometric analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575768</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary science education is critical for developing scientific literacy and fostering long-term interest in STEM. However, implementation faces challenges such as limited teacher preparation, rigid curricula, and unequal digital access. Purpose: This study aims to map the intellectual structure and emerging trends in primary science education research using a bibliometric approach. Method: A total of 2,295 publications from the Web of Science database were analyzed using VOSviewer. Bibliographic coupling and co-word analyses were conducted to identify influential publications, thematic clusters, and evolving research patterns. Results: Five main thematic clusters emerged: (1) technology-enhanced instruction using augmented and virtual reality, (2) equity and teacher competence in science achievement, (3) cognitive and metacognitive scaffolds, (4) dialogic and integrative pedagogies, and (5) computational thinking in STEM. The findings indicate a shift toward student-centered and digitally mediated pedagogies. However, gaps remain in culturally responsive computational thinking and understanding teacher identity in reform efforts. Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive overview of primary science education research, highlighting key areas of progress and remaining challenges. It underscores the need for inclusive digital integration, culturally responsive teaching, and interdisciplinary frameworks. Future studies should expand database coverage for a more global perspective.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">756-773</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leni Marlina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ardi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mardiah Afifa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ida Sriyanti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meilinda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NANOFIBER MEMBRANES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY: A STEM APPROACH TO CREATIVE THINKING IN EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nanofiber membrane</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM approach</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The development of renewable energy technology is increasing rapidly, one of which is the nanofiber membrane, which has the potential to be an innovative material for various applications, including renewable energy. Its utilization in learning, especially STEM-based approach, to improve students' understanding of renewable energy and its applications, is still limited. This study contributes by introducing a novel approach that integrates nanofiber membranes into STEM-based approach in current educational practices. This study aimed to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of STEM-based approach that integrates a nanofiber membrane to improve students' creative thinking skills on the topic of renewable energy. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design was employed, involving 120 tenth-grade high school students. The findings indicated that implementing nanofiber membrane within STEM-based learning improved students' creative thinking skills compared to traditional teaching methods. In the experimental group, no students achieved medium-level n-gain, while 45.45% attained high-level n-gain. Conversely, in the control group, 13.64% of students had low-level n-gain, 86.36% reached medium-level, and none achieved high-level n-gain. This research highlights the importance of linking current technologies, such as nanofiber membranes, with classroom learning to enhance students' understanding of renewable energy and to prepare them for future sustainable development challenges.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">488-505</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Paul Canuto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorothy Silva</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES IN USING 3D PENS FOR PRIMARY BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3D pens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3D printed models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philippines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary biology and chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary pre-service teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713321</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three-dimensional (3D) pens are emerging educational tools that enable users to create tangible, freeform 3D printed models. However, their pedagogical potential in science education remains underexplored. This study examined pre-service teachers’ experiences using 3D pens to create models for primary biology and chemistry education, focusing on their development of science skills, perceptions, and problems encountered. Thirty-four Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) pre-service teachers from a state university campus in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Philippines, participated in a sequential explanatory mixed-method design. Results revealed that the pre-service teachers strongly agreed that using 3D pens enhanced their creativity and technological skills. They encountered problems such as the pens’ need for a constant power supply, unpleasant filament odors, and difficulty in creating precise and durable models. They noted the lack of skills and mastery in using the pens, as well as the need for extended user practice. This study supports that 3D pens are accessible and innovative tools that can enhance primary biology and chemistry lessons. It further implies that teacher education programs can adopt the pens, equipping future educators with experiential competence in delivering engaging, student-centered science learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-1100</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yakup Doğan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Simsar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Sami Konca</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">global warming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">waste management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explored preservice teachers' perceptions of environmental issues at both global and national levels, revealing marked differences in awareness and prioritization. 708 preservice teachers from different majors participated in the study. Data were collected through demographic information and Environmental Problems Awareness and Sensitivity Forms. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used in data analysis. Globally, participants identified global warming as the most critical environmental issue, reflecting its widespread impact on ecosystems, climate, and human well-being. Conversely, waste management emerged as the most significant concern in Türkiye, highlighting local challenges, while water pollution and bioaccumulation received little to no attention. Population growth was recognized as the primary global driver of environmental problems, whereas lack of education was seen as the leading cause in Türkiye, underscoring the vital role of environmental education. Results revealed that science teacher education exhibited greater awareness of global issues, likely due to academic exposure, while younger groups showed limited understanding, indicating a need for tailored environmental education. These insights underscore the necessity of integrating diverse environmental topics into curricula to address gaps in public understanding, promote sustainability, and encourage informed decision-making at both local and global levels. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">399-412</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyunju Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiyoung Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PCK DEVELOPMENT FOR MODELING-BASED INSTRUCTION: A KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE PERSPECTIVE WITHIN A PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling-based instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional learning communities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713340</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supporting primary school teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) development for modeling-based instruction (MBI) remains a key challenge in science teacher education. Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) offer a promising context for this professional growth. This study examined the PCK development processes of three primary school teachers with varying experience levels as they participated in five MBI-focused PLC sessions. PCK changes were traced using an integrated analytical framework that combined the Interconnected Model of Teacher Professional Growth (IMTPG) with the Refined Consensus Model (RCM). Findings revealed positive growth across PCK components, though pathways varied. While curriculum knowledge development was often characterized by refinement based on prior knowledge (change sequences), growth in knowledge of student understanding, instructional strategies, and assessment typically demonstrated more complex, interconnected growth networks involving dynamic knowledge exchange, shaped by interactions among personal, collective, and enacted PCK, as well as individual orientations. The study highlights the potential of PLCs as spaces for practice-based learning, supporting sustained PCK development, and demonstrates the utility of the combined IMTPG–RCM framework for analyzing the nuances of teacher growth over time.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1148-1168</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PROCESS OF EDUCATION WITH AI: FROM DIGITAL TO GENERATIVE PEDAGOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational computing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">personalized learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">supportive learning environments</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713269</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For today's Net generation (especially the Alpha generation born between 2010 and 2024) and all subsequent generations, it will be imperative to redefine educational strategies in the context of rapid technological and societal change. It is necessary to consider how to proceed, as the educational challenge must be placed in a broader philosophical and cultural context, with an emphasis on the ever-rapidly evolving technology as well as the nature of knowledge and human experience. Based on the paradigm of the shift from Web 2.0 to Web 4.0 and the consequent shift from Education 4.0 to Education 5.0, potential guidelines for the development of modern education 4.0 based on digital pedagogy that combines personalized learning, real-time feedback and collaborative, interdisciplinary environments in Education 5.0 are indicated. This reflection will place particular emphasis on the role of teachers as mentors and not merely transmitters of information, as well as on the ethical, social and emotional dimensions of digital learning, and emphasize the importance of adapting educational practices to real-life contexts and future humanistic challenges of education (Flogie et al., 2025).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1012-1016</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Chun Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chi-Jung Sui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROFILING SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY SKILLS: EXPLORING RELATIONSHIPS WITH SCIENTIFIC COMPETENCY AND BACKGROUND FACTORS IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Latent Profile Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reasoning skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific competency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659907</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific inquiry skills are crucial for scientific literacy and cognitive development in the 21st century. Prior research has identified key inquiry skills—data analytics (DA), control of variables (COV), and scientific reasoning (SR)—but has not validated these skills through comprehensive assessments. The aim of this study was to validate and examine the relationship between students' inquiry skill profiles and their scientific competency. Through latent profile analysis (LPA), this study classified 667 Taiwanese high school students into three profiles: Sophisticated, Experimental, and Basic. The Sophisticated profile demonstrated strong proficiency in DA, COV, and SR, while the Experimental profile excelled in DA with moderate COV and SR skills. The Basic profile revealed deficiencies across all inquiry skills. ANOVA results indicated significant differences in scientific competency across profiles, with Sophisticated students outperforming others. Additionally, students' majors significantly influenced profile distribution, with natural science majors more likely to be classified as Sophisticated or Experimental. No significant relationship was identified between inquiry profiles and gender, parental education, or financial status. These findings highlight the importance of reasoning skills in scientific competency and suggest the need for tailored educational interventions to enhance students' inquiry abilities. The study provides empirical evidence for the applicability of inquiry skill profiles in diverse educational contexts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">824-842</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurussaniah Nurussaniah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Punaji Setyosari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dedi Kuswandi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saida Ulfa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PSYCHOMETRIC VALIDATION OF AN ANALYTICAL SKILLS TEST IN PHYSICS USING THE RASCH MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analytical skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bloom’s taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychometric validation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The accurate assessment of analytical thinking in physics, particularly in magnetism, poses substantial challenges due to the limitations of conventional tools in measuring higher-order cognitive skills. This study aimed to validate an analytical skills test in physics, based on Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy, with an emphasis on the dimensions of differentiating, organizing, and attributing within the subject of magnetism. The assessment instrument, comprising 15 multiple-choice items, was administered to a sample of 84 twelfth-grade students. A psychometric evaluation was conducted utilizing the Rasch Model, which included analyses of item fit, reliability, unidimensionality, and gender fairness through Differential Item Functioning (DIF). The results indicated strong internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of .91, and high item reliability at .94. Furthermore, the item-person distribution showed a well-aligned outcome. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed the unidimensionality of the test, while the DIF analysis revealed several items exhibiting gender-related response patterns, thereby suggesting a need for refinement to achieve fairness. The findings endorse the application of this validated instrument for assessing higher-order analytical thinking in the field of physics and highlight the significance of equitable assessment practices within STEM education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">522-537</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozichi Okwukwe Benson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Tsakeni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stephen Chinedu Nwafor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLLABORATIVE AND ANONYMOUS PEER ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement in ecological concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anonymous peer assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative peer assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conventional assessment technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental study</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713314</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In many developing countries where conventional assessment techniques remain prevalent in schools, limited research exists on the impact of various forms of peer assessment, particularly collaborative and anonymous techniques, on students’ achievement in demanding science subjects such as ecological concepts. This study examined the relative effectiveness of collaborative and anonymous peer assessment techniques on students’ achievement in ecological concepts, as well as the influence of gender on achievement outcomes. A quasi-experimental, pre-test–post-test, non-equivalent control group design was employed, involving 137 Biology students. Data were gathered using a pre-test and post-test achievement measure administered to all participants. The findings revealed that the collaborative peer assessment technique (CPAT) was significantly more effective in enhancing students’ achievement in ecological concepts than both the anonymous peer assessment technique (APAT) and the conventional assessment technique (CAT). The anonymous peer assessment technique also produced a statistically significant improvement in students’ achievement when compared with the CAT. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the achievement of male and female students when taught ecological concepts using either CPAT or APAT.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1049-1060</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savaş Varlık</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESEARCH LITERACY, SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC REASONING, AND PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS IN SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed methods research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746293428.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research is a comprehensive mixed-methods study that aims to examine in depth the correlations between science teachers' research literacy, socio-scientific reasoning, and problem-solving skills. The quantitative phase of the research was conducted using a descriptive survey method, while the qualitative phase employed a case study design. The study population consists of science teachers working in the central districts of Konya, and Türkiye. For sample selection, stratified and random sampling techniques were used for the quantitative data, and purposive sampling techniques were applied for the qualitative data. Confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analyses were conducted using the three different measurement tools used in the study. A semi-structured interview form was utilized to collect qualitative data. The quantitative findings revealed that research literacy and socio-scientific reasoning skills significantly and positively predict problem-solving skills. The qualitative findings indicated that these skills mutually reinforce each other, enhancing students' scientific and analytical thinking capacities and enabling them to develop creative solutions to real-life problems. In this context, the evidence presented indicates that educational policies should focus on fostering these skills through a comprehensive approach, with greater emphasis on integrating innovative methods into science curricula.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">377-389</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ni Wayan Rai Utari Dewi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wonbin Jang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minchul Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RISK PERCEPTION AND RESPONSE TO NATURAL HAZARDS WITHIN SCIENCE CURRICULUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural hazards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">risk perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">risk response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746292867.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural hazards pose global risks making it essential to incorporate risk perception and response strategies into science curricula. This study analyzed the distribution of risk perception and response indicators for natural hazards—including earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, landslides, floods, droughts, volcanoes, wildfires, storms, and extreme temperatures (heat waves, cold waves)—in lower secondary science curricula: the Cambridge Lower Secondary Curriculum 2020 (UK), Indonesia Merdeka Curriculum 2022, South Korea Curriculum 2022, and Singapore Lower Secondary Express and Normal (Academic) Curriculum 2021. A descriptive qualitative content analysis was conducted by analyzing curriculum documents to evaluate risk perception and response indicators distribution. The findings show that the distribution of risk perception and response to natural hazards in specific science curricula does not align with the geographic characteristics of the respective regions. Furthermore, risk perception is given greater emphasis than response strategies, creating an imbalance in the lower secondary science curriculum. This study suggests the need to modify the explanation of risk perception and response to natural hazards in the science curriculum, which emphasizes a global approach that broadens understanding beyond local hazards to prepare individuals for risks they may encounter while moving, traveling, or living in other countries.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239-254</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yusuf Zorlu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)-ASSISTED QUESTION GENERATION ON PRESERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS' 21ST-CENTURY TEACHING COMPETENCIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21st-century skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical thinking dispositions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preservice Science Teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social intelligence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659934</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education highlights the need to explore its impact on preservice science teachers' 21st-century teaching competencies. This study aimed to explore the role of AI-assisted question generation on preservice science teachers' 21st-century teaching competencies. Mixed-methods research design was utilized. This study was participated by 32 preservice science teachers. The “21st Century Skills Teaching Scale”, “Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale”, “Critical Thinking Disposition Scale”, structured interview, and an evaluation rubric were administered as data collection tools. The integration of the generation process of AI-assisted questions was completed in a period of 12 weeks. In findings, the AI-assisted question generation process contributed to the enhancement of preservice science teachers’ 21st century skills, social intelligence, and critical thinking disposition. The enhancement of 21st century skills, social intelligence, and critical thinking was concluded that the process of creating questions by utilizing the opportunities offered by artificial intelligence technology was thanks to interaction based on communication with artificial intelligence, cooperation established through group work, and access to up-to-date information through technology. In light of these findings, it could be stated that it will be beneficial to increase the integration of AI into teaching practices in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">984-1005</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sinan Demirtürk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fuat Uzun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Latif İltar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yılmaz Yeşil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Koçak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seyfullah Yıldırım</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Tekeli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Şahin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İlhan Günbayı</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savaş Varlık</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE COMMUNICATION AND EPISTEMIC TRUST THROUGH SCIENCE EDUCATION: THE MODERATED MEDIATION ROLE OF EPISTEMIC RESPONSIBILITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemic responsibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemic trust</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575701</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science communication and education play a vital role in making scientific knowledge accessible and trustworthy in society. However, declining trust in scientific authority, the proliferation of disinformation, and epistemic crises underscore the heightened responsibility of scientists and educators. This study investigates the moderated mediation role of epistemic responsibility in the correlation between science communication and epistemic trust through science education. Adopting an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design, the research first employed qualitative focus group interviews with purposively sampled expert science. Thematic analysis identified key patterns, informing the subsequent quantitative phase, where a validated scale was developed through rigorous reliability and validity testing. Results confirmed that epistemic responsibility functions as a moderated mediation between science communication and epistemic trust within science education. The findings emphasize the need for educational policies to foster students’ epistemic sensitivity via ethics-based and inquiry-driven learning environments. By integrating qualitative insights with quantitative validation, this study contributes to addressing epistemic challenges in science communication and education, offering practical implications for enhancing trust and accountability in scientific discourse.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">637-654</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manassero-Mas, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ortiz Bonnín, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ángel Vázquez-Alonso</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE IDENTITY AND SCIENCE CAPITAL: EMPIRICAL MAPPING FROM THE PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE AT SECONDARY SCHOOLS </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science capital</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science identity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science-related attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746293247.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science identity and science capital (SIC) are theoretical lenses to investigate and explain participation in science. However, their qualitative and sociological orientation may limit their effectiveness in promoting science participation from school science education, so some researchers suggested the importance of mapping SIC. This study empirically develops an educational SIC map after a large sample of Spanish students self-reported their science-related attitudes and experiences on a survey. Three different self-recognitions of science participation serve as the basis for statistically identifying the relevant attitudes and experiences that shape the map. The results reveal a map's core set of relevant traits that are prevalent and common across all three self-recognitions, primarily derived from science classes and interest in science topics. Additionally, there is another minoritarian subset, specific to and consistent with each self-recognition, largely associated with science images, technological topics, and digital technologies. The map’s relevant traits are further linked to the theoretical dimensions of SIC. The discussion highlights the implications of the map for supporting participation in science from school science education and for advancing research in the field. Some limitations arising from the applied survey and future research directions toward SIC assessment and SIC-oriented science education are also addressed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">326-339</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rifat Efe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aslan Efe, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: CHALLENGES, READINESS, BENEFITS, AND IMPACT ON STUDENT LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI adoption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI benefits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI challenges</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI readiness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teachers’ perceptions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575703</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recent developments in AI technology have the potential to affect science education. Understanding science teachers’ perceptions of AI is essential for developing strategies that support effective and morally responsible integration of AI in science learning environments. This research focuses on science teachers’ perceptions of AI in science classes by considering the challenges, preparedness, advantages, and its effect on student learning. A total of 383 science teachers participated in the study. Science teachers' perceptions of AI scale were used for data collection. The data were analysed through descriptive statistics, MANOVA, and multiple regression. Data analysis disclosed that the participants viewed lack of adequate training and data privacy concerns as the most prominent barriers for integrating AI in science classes. Familiarity significantly affects AI Readiness and AI-Supported Assessment &amp; Feedback, while Teaching experience has a significant effect on Barriers to AI Adoption, emphasizing the significance of familiarity with AI and teaching experience on these outcomes. AI Readiness and Adoption significantly predicted AI’s Impact on Learning, while the likely Benefits of AI were the strongest predictor of AI’s Impact on Student Learning. Fostering AI readiness, emphasizing AI's educational advantages, and reducing structural barriers to AI adoption are among the recommendations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">655-669</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baba Kaya, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selahattin Akpınar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adem Çilek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gülten Türkan Gürer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Öznur Akpınar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recep Mehmet Görünü</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savaş Varlık</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC CURIOSITY AND CRITICAL THINKING THROUGH SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION: THE MODERATED MEDIATION ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific collaboration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific curiosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific inquiry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659905</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although cognitive and social processes influencing students' scientific thinking skills have been extensively studied in recent years, the interplay between these processes remains insufficiently understood. This study examines the mediating role of research collaboration in the relationship between epistemic curiosity and critical thinking, as well as the moderating role of students’ scientific inquiry skills in shaping these dynamics. Adopting a pragmatist paradigm, this research employs a mixed-methods research design, specifically an exploratory sequential design with a scale development component. The qualitative phase utilizes a case study design, incorporating in-depth interviews with teachers from science upper secondary in Mersin, Türkiye, to inform the theoretical framework for scale development. The quantitative phase applies a causal-comparative design, analyzing data from 371 teachers to test a moderated mediation model. The psychometric properties of the developed scale were rigorously assessed through content validity, construct validity, and reliability analyses, confirming its validity and reliability. Findings indicate that scientific collaboration significantly enhances the effect of scientific curiosity on critical thinking. However, the magnitude of this effect varies depending on students' scientific inquiry skills. Qualitative insights reveal that while teachers endorse student-centered approaches, they encounter challenges in implementing these methods effectively in classroom settings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">802-823</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS OF THE BalticSTE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIA: TRENDS AND SHIFTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION THEMES (2015–2023)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BalticSTE symposia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general education school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology Education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746292703.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BalticSTE (Baltic Science and Technology Education) is an international scientific event dedicated to the issues of Science &amp; Technology Education (STE) in the Baltic states and beyond. The first international symposium took place in 2015. It can be reasonably said that the ideological platform of this symposium was the national scientific practical conference “Science education in general education school”, organised every year since 1995. Five international symposia took place from 2015 to 2023. It is obvious that these symposia brought together researchers, scientists, educators, policymakers, and other persons interested in science and education technology from various countries and institutions. 
Natural Science and Technology Education (NSTE) promotes critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills that are necessary for the 21st century job market. Productive discussions about best practices and the latest technologies help modernise education and adapt it to the rapidly changing world reality. BalticSTE symposia provide opportunities for the Baltic countries and foreign partners to exchange experiences, design joint educational solutions, and strengthen the scientific potential of the region.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">216-220</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matěj Novák</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Petr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomáš Ditrich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON INCORPORATING BIOLOGY OLYMPIAD TASKS INTO BIOLOGY LESSONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Olympiad</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology teaching tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science teaching and learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">questionnaire-based research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tasks used in the Biology Olympiad (BiO) appear to be promising alternatives to traditional teaching tasks in biology education, as they frequently incorporate inquiry-based elements. This makes them a valuable resource for increasing students’ exposure to inquiry activities during classroom instruction. However, for teachers to effectively implement BiO tasks in their teaching practice, it is essential to identify and understand which aspects of these tasks pose the greatest difficulties for students. Therefore, tasks from the BiO (n = 5) were integrated into biology classes. Subsequently, a questionnaire revealed that students (n = 232) encountered the most significant challenges during the solution process with individual inquiry skills, such as inferring answers from comparisons, justifying claims, and drawing conclusions, compared with non-inquiry difficulties and practical biology skills. Furthermore, the research results showed that the majority of participants (77.2 %) positively perceived the inclusion of BiO tasks in biology lessons. Overall, if teachers consider the content difficulty of the tasks, incorporating BiO tasks into the teaching process could be a way to enhance students' inquiry skills during biology classes, and learning would be perceived as more attractive to the students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">506-521</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İlke Çalişkan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merve Erol</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM MODEL BASED CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT IN NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SCIENCE EDUCATION POLITICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational politics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holistic graded scoring key (rubrics)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921033.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main research question of this research study is how to design a valid and reliable holistic rubric to be used as a criterion for the comparison of the STEAM model by analyzing different countries’ science curricula. Considering this question, STEAM model rubrics was created by examining the ways of shaping science education policies. The research was qualitative, and the design of this research was descriptive. Document analysis was carried out for data collection process. Content analysis was used for analyzing data. The raters selected conveniently from science education and measurement evaluation fields were asked to rate the Turkish and Finnish Science Curricula as documents through the developed rubric. The rating process was carried out by associating appropriate themes obtained from literature. Sub-dimensions of the rubric developed were examined by teachers and researchers who are experts in the STEAM fields, measurement and evaluation. For calculating the reliability, the researchers graded a content about the Turkish and Finnish Science Curricula from the STEAM learning areas with this rubric. Fleiss Kappa and Miles Huberman consistency statistics were used for providing inter-rater validity. It obtained valid and reliable criteria for making significant contributions and comparisons of the STEAM model in science education policies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-36</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marija Gaurina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jerneja Pavlin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS ABOUT GAMIFICATION IN PHYSICS CLASSROOMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gamification knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed-method design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746292940.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gamification has been gaining attention in STEM education for its potential to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. Teachers’ acceptance and effective use of gamification depend on their knowledge and beliefs about its implementation. This study employs a mixed-method design to explore Croatian physics teachers’ knowledge and beliefs about gamification. In the first phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five primary and five secondary school teachers. Insights from these interviews informed the development of an online questionnaire in Google Docs. The final questionnaire consisted of three parts: demographic information (including an open-ended question defining gamification), 16 Likert-type items measuring knowledge and beliefs, and three open-ended questions on key elements, technological tools, and challenges in applying gamification in physics classrooms. In the second phase, quantitative data were collected from 230 primary and secondary school physics teachers, providing a robust sample to examine variations in knowledge and beliefs about gamification. Findings reveal that most teachers possess basic knowledge and hold positive beliefs regarding gamification, although significant differences emerge based on age, teaching experience, and school type. These results underscore the need for tailored professional development programs. The study emphasizes the importance of designing support strategies that accommodate diverse teacher profiles.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255-270</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abualrob, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIKTOK FOR SCIENCE LEARNING: THE INTERPLAY OF TIKTOK AS AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL, USABILITY, SATISFACTION, SKILLS, AND FUTURE IMPACT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology acceptance model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TikTok for education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575606</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The growing incorporation of social media into the field of science education encourages the current study to investigate the relationships and interactions of TikTok as an Educational Tool (ET), Pedagogical and Scientific Skills (PSS), TikTok's Ease of Use (EU), its Educational and Future Impact (EFI), and Participant Satisfaction (PS). The study sample consisted of 174 students, including Physics, Chemistry, and Biology majors from the Faculty of Science, and Elementary Education majors from the Faculty of Education who are trained to teach science at the elementary level. Among them, 58 students received training to create educational TikTok videos. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4 in two main stages. Findings indicate that both ET and EU significantly enhance PSS and EFI, with PS serving as a key mediator in improving the learning experience. EU had the greatest impact, highlighting the importance of the pedagogical value of intuitive and engaging design. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study found that users were more likely to adopt TikTok as an educational tool when they perceived it as both beneficial and user-friendly, which in turn contributed to the development of PSS. These findings suggest that TikTok can be an efficient ET, particularly in science education, when designed to enhance engagement and accessibility.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">595-610</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah Alotaibi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tahani Alrosaa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jawaher Alrashood</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rommel AlAli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali Al-Barakat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali Abdullatif</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ashraf Zaher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamdouh Mosaad Helali</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TOWARDS AN ACTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL CITIZEN: SCIENCE EDUCATION AS A CATALYST FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN STUDENTS’ THINKING AND BEHAVIOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contextualized teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental sustainability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers' beliefs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713274</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amid growing global environmental concerns, education plays a critical role in shaping students' understanding and attitudes toward sustainability. Science education, in particular, is uniquely positioned to foster environmental awareness and encourage responsible behaviors. This research was conducted to identify science teachers' perspectives regarding their role in instilling environmental sustainability values and reinforcing responsible behaviors among their students. A qualitative approach was employed through conducting interviews with a purposive convenience sample of 51 primary-stage science teachers in Saudi Arabia. Collected data was analyzed based on the grounded theory approach to facilitate the extraction of core ideas and themes. The findings demonstrated that teachers are deeply aware of their role in the reciprocal relation between human and the environment, which extends beyond knowledge transmission to shaping students' environmental behaviors, and that their environmental practices function as a model that strongly influences students' practices. Teachers' awareness of modeling, intellectual empowerment, and capability to link learning to real life situations demonstrated their deep understanding of how environmental education shapes long-term environmental attitudes. They highlighted empowering students to expect environmental challenges through integrating science curricula into real-life concerns. The findings strongly support integrating sustainability across disciplines to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept and demonstrate science teachers' advanced educational vision to facilitate values and critical thinking rather than knowledge transmission.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1017-1032</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRANSFORMATION IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY AND EMERGING APPROACHES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">developing technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational transformation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Edison and Tesla conducting experiments under difficult conditions to virtual space travels, from Darwin’s peas to the cloned sheep Dolly, a dizzying development has been taking place. One of the most important contributions of developing technologies is the opportunity for equal access to education, as the internet and mobile devices such as phones and tablets are now available almost everywhere. This is because experiments and practices that were once carried out in physical environments and laboratories can now be presented in virtual settings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">396-398</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juwon Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ SCIENCE IDENTITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competent outsider</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Q methodology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science identity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4713341</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding the science identity of university students who have completed the national science curriculum is essential, as it provides insight into how formal education shapes their relationship with science. This study examines the forms of science identity among university students, moving beyond insider-oriented definitions that hinge solely on proximity to scientists. In this study, science identity is defined as the self-perception formed through the integration of one’s perceptions of the self, society, and science in scientific contexts. To investigate this construct, we employed Q methodology. From 335 statements generated through literature review and interviews, 42 were selected as the Q sample. Forty university students then completed Q-sorts, resulting in the identification of four distinct science identity types. The science acceptance type recognized the importance of science yet perceived distance from it. The science use type viewed science as a practical tool, with limited concern for ethical or social implications. The science-loving type valued science intrinsically, enjoying inquiry but showing weaker engagement with responsibility. The science responsibility type emphasized addressing environmental and societal challenges through science. By moving beyond an insider-centred view, this study highlights diverse identity forms and their implications for science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1169-1188</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sakyiwaa Boateng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masuku, S. J. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNCOVERING UNDERGRADUATE PHYSICS PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ ERRORS IN ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual errors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electromagnetic interaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">procedural errors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746292769.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electricity and magnetism are fundamental areas of physics and are integral to science curricula at various educational levels. However, this area has been reported to contain several concepts that students find challenging, leading to perspectives that diverge from scientifically accepted views. This study examines the errors made by physics pre-service teachers (PPSTs) in electromagnetic interaction and electromagnetic effects, using the De Jong and Ferguson-Hessler framework of knowledge types to classify errors into conceptual, procedural, and situational categories. An interpretivist qualitative case study design was employed. The study was conducted with a class of 86 third-year undergraduate PPSTs enrolled in a physical sciences education program. Data were collected using a test designed to assess PPSTs' understanding of key electromagnetic concepts. The test results revealed recurring errors in conceptual understanding and problem-solving techniques, particularly in interpreting electric and magnetic fields, Coulomb’s law, and applying Maxwell's equations. Findings suggest that targeted educational interventions focusing on improving students’ conceptual and procedural knowledge, along with strategic approaches to problem-solving, could reduce the frequency of these errors. Hence, this study highlights the need for more focused teacher training to address these difficulties related to electricity and magnetism and its long-term impact on physics education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">221-238</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeli Rannastu-Avalos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leo A. Siiman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mario Mäeots</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNDERSTANDING COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING WITH SMARTPHONE-BASED ASYMMETRIC SIMULATIONS IN AN AUTHENTIC INQUIRY SCIENCE LESSON</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology-enhanced learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575705</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collaborative problem-solving (CPS) is increasingly essential in both scientific practice and modern education, yet remains difficult to embed authentically in classrooms. This study addressed that gap by integrating CPS into a ninth-grade biology lesson using a smartphone-based asymmetric simulation. The innovative three-phase instructional scenario, which combined preparation, hands-on simulation, and guided reflection, was implemented in a real classroom setting with 43 students. Data from worksheets, reflective responses, and a CPS self-evaluation tool revealed high levels of student engagement and strong social-regulation skills, yet also pointed to challenges in applying inquiry strategies and fostering mutual interdependence. Rather than offering conclusive claims, this study positioned itself as a pilot exploration of how digital asymmetry can trigger authentic collaboration in science learning. The findings illuminate both the potential and the pedagogical tensions of using mobile-supported tools to support 21st-century skills in inquiry-based education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">684-705</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hao Fang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xingyu Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seng Yue Wong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sa Cheng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kenny S. L. Cheah</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VIRTUAL REALITY AND HEALTH SCIENCE EDUCATION: A SCIENTIFIC MAPPING WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND DIGITAL THERAPEUTICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systematic literature review</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual reality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virtual Reality (VR) is transforming health science education by enabling immersive, interactive learning environments. As global health challenges rise and digital tools proliferate, it is critical to map the evolution of VR’s application in health science education, particularly its effects on health outcomes. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection from 2004–2024. We applied VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Excel to analyze publication trends, research collaborations, thematic developments, and keyword co-occurrence. From 4,369 articles analyzed, VR-related health education publications have grown exponentially, especially after 2020. The United States, England, and Canada led in publication volume and collaboration. Keyword clustering identified five major themes: surgical simulation, immersive patient education, digital health promotion, AI-enhanced learning, and telemedicine training. Recent trends reflect a shift from technical skills training toward AI integration and personalized VR systems. VR improves learner engagement, enhances long-term health literacy, and supports behavioral change. Its integration with AI and remote delivery models facilitates scalable interventions, bridging healthcare and health science education in underserved regions. Future research should assess VR’s direct impact on clinical and public health outcomes, explore ethical and regulatory safeguards, and foster global equity in digital health science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">413-433</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peiyao Tian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanhua Fan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daner Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yan Bai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALIGNMENT BETWEEN CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND ASSESSMENT IN UNDERSTANDING CHEMICAL REACTION PRINCIPLES AT UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alignment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical reaction principles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum standards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper-secondary schools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377922.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study utilized the SEC (Survey of Enacted Curriculum) method to examine the alignment between Chinese high school chemistry curriculum standards (HSCCS) and the assessment of ‘Chemical Reaction Principles’ in the National College Entrance Examinations (NCEEs). The HSCCS and NCEEs were coded into two-dimensional matrices separately using SPSS, MATLAB, and EXCEL. The alignment coefficients were analyzed both macroscopically and specifically based on two dimensions: themes and cognitive levels. The findings indicated a generally low alignment between NCEEs and HSCCS in the ‘Chemical Reaction Principles’ domain, and no statistically significant alignment was observed. Comparing Porter alignment coefficients revealed a gradual increase in the overall alignment level between 2018–2022 NCEEs and HSCCS due to curricular reforms. Further specific analyses and comparisons highlighted significant discrepancies between NCEEs and HSCCS concerning themes and cognitive levels. Regarding themes, ‘Ionic Reactions and Equilibrium in Aqueous Solutions’ showed substantial alignment between NCEEs and HSCCS. However, for ‘Application of Ionic Reactions and Equilibrium’ and ‘Systems and Energy,’ NCEEs diverged significantly from or exceeded HSCCS requirements. Concerning cognitive levels, NCEEs demanded higher levels of student cognition compared to HSCCS.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">550-569</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sujiyani Kassiavera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Suparmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C. Cari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sukarmin Sukarmin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APPLICATION OF RASCH MODEL IN TWO-TIER TEST FOR ASSESSING CRITICAL THINKING IN PHYSICS EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">item analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reliability test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">two-tier test</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897520.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The challenge of accurately assessing critical thinking in physics education, particularly on topics like work and energy, remains a key issue for educators. The current study aims to address this challenge by exploring students' critical thinking abilities using two-tier test data analyzed through the Rasch model. Data were collected from students in Bengkulu Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, and analyzed to evaluate item fit, reliability, and students' abilities across various critical thinking dimensions. It was found that the two-tier instrument demonstrated high validity and reliability, with infit and outfit mean square values close to ideal, and strong separation reliability for both participants and items. Further analysis revealed significant variations in students' abilities in aspects of critical thinking, including interpretation, analysis, and self-regulation, indicating the need for more targeted pedagogical interventions. The study concludes that applying the Rasch model to analyze two-tier tests not only enhances understanding of students' critical thinking but also provides a novel approach to developing and implementing evaluation instruments in physics education. These findings contribute to the existing literature by deepening theoretical insights into critical thinking within physics education and offering practical guidance for educators aiming to improve curriculum design and teaching strategies. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1227-1242</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BIOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial intelligence (AI)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729493648.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial intelligence (AI) in biology education can be defined as the deployment of AI in sections of study that help learners and researchers in their areas of concentration, specifically biological sciences. 
It gives a significant meaning toward the improvement of biology education since AI contributes toward the improvement of research methods and the expansion of knowledge on the associated biological concepts. AI can be integrated with biology in numerous ways, including but not limited to the following: improve students’ engagement, create unique learning environments as well and create interaction and simulations. 
Continued advances in artificial intelligence as a powerful tool in biological research will prove a major boon to the further development of biology education. Traditional basic biological sciences and such interdisciplinary fields as computational biology will step up their cooperation and come up with new theoretical predictions. They develop new theoretical frameworks; all these exciting changes that are rocking the biological world today are destined to reshape the face of the education in biology in the twenty-first century.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">806-808</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suwita Suwita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulistyo Saputro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sajidan Sajidan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sutarno Sutarno</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSING LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS: A RASCH MODEL APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897709.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current study uses the Rasch Model to measure lower-secondary school students' critical thinking skills on photosynthesis topics. Critical thinking skills are considered essential in science education, but few valid and practical measurement instruments remain. The current study fills the gap by adapting the instrument from the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. A quantitative approach with a survey design was used in the study, involving 467 lower-secondary school students in Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using the Rasch Model to evaluate each item's reliability, validity, level of difficulty, and discrimination ability. The results suggest that the instrument has good validity and reliability, with the inference subscale being the most difficult, while evaluation is the easiest for students to master. The findings provide insights for educators in designing more effective teaching strategies to develop critical thinking skills. The study implies that a valid measurement instrument is obtained and offers new insights into the profile of students' critical thinking skills in science learning to support more effective science teaching in secondary schools, especially on photosynthesis. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1278-1290</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benjie Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei Han</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yingjie Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qian Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dan Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ziling Tang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qingdian Kong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSMENT OF STUDENT KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION IN LEARNING FRICTION FORCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual framework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">friction force</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge integration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480642.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A central objective of science education is to foster a profound comprehension of fundamental scientific principles among students. Research has shown that a highly integrated knowledge structure is a key factor in achieving a deep understanding. This research has developed a friction force conceptual framework to model students’ different understandings of friction force from a knowledge integration perspective. Utilizing the established conceptual framework, this study devised and implemented an evaluation of friction force among a cohort of 598 grade-10 students in China. The assessment outcomes were then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that the conceptual framework model effectively represents the knowledge structures of students at different levels of knowledge integration, and the students’ understanding of friction force can be divided into three levels: novice, intermediate, and expert. Furthermore, emphasizing the passivity of friction force can help students gain a deeper understanding of the concept of friction force, thereby forming a more comprehensive knowledge structure. This study provides an effective strategy for students to progress from novices to experts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">767-785</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavel Doulík</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiří Škoda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuzana Procházková</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CHANGES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/24.23.1178</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897265.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contemporary secondary science education is characterised by a greater inclination towards the constructivist paradigm of education and the development of inquiry-oriented teaching. The basic principle of this paradigm is the dynamic modification of preconceptions towards the desired level given by the school curriculum. This places particular importance on identifying the level of students’ preconceptions and on uncovering any misconceptions. Since preconceptions are an individual characteristic of the learner, preconceptions can also be expected to be modified over time due to societal changes. The research is based on a semi-longitudinal study to find out what changes in the level of learners’ preconceptions occurred between 2003 and 2023. The level of preconceptions was monitored in three basic dimensions: cognitive, affective, and the dimension of structuring. A total of 10 concepts from the field of science education in secondary school were selected. The research study involved 103 respondents in 2003 and 104 respondents in 2023, all 12–13 years old. The results show substantial increases in the level of preconceptions in all three dimensions studied. This reflects both societal changes in recent years and a change in attitudes towards science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1164-1177</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seongun Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kwangho Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ari Widodo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soyoung Yun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CLIMATE CHANGE AWARENESS DIFFERENCES AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KOREA AND INDONESIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">awareness of climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-cultural comparison</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indonesia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Korea</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377591.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The pressing issue of climate change demands an informed future generation, yet how aware are students? This study dives into the varying levels of climate change awareness among 1,079 Korean and 2,507 Indonesian primary school students using a sophisticated survey tool developed by Lee et al. (2021). Surprisingly, while both groups exhibited high levels of awareness, significant cross-cultural differences were uncovered. Indonesian students demonstrated higher levels of action, concern, belief, attention, and policy. This stands in stark contrast to Korean students, who, despite having a higher understanding of causes and effects, showed lower levels of belief and attention to the issue. These findings not only challenge us to rethink our educational strategies but also underscore the critical role of cultural contexts in shaping environmental awareness. This comparative analysis reveals startling insights into the complexities of educating the next generation about climate change, setting the stage for urgent educational reforms.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">476-494</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uyanik Aktulun, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koray Kasapoglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Aydogdu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARING TURKISH PRE-SERVICE STEM AND NON-STEM TEACHERS' ATTITUDES AND ANXIETY TOWARD ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anxiety toward artificial intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude toward artificial intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service non-STEM teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service STEM teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729495932.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identifying student teachers’ attitudes and anxiety toward artificial intelligence (AI) in regard to their field of study might be helpful in determining whether and how AI will be employed in their future classrooms. Hence, this study aims to compare pre-service STEM and non-STEM teachers’ attitudes and anxiety toward AI. In this quantitative research, the causal-comparative research design was adopted. The study involved 520 pre-service teachers from a faculty of education at a public university in Türkiye. Among all, 51.5% were pre-service non-STEM teachers while 48.5% were pre-service STEM teachers. Data were collected through the Turkish versions of “the General Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence Scale” and “the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale”. Diagnostic analytics were performed, and descriptive statistics and MANOVA were performed to analyse the data. As a result, pre-service teachers, in general, were mostly positive about AI, but undecided to be anxious about AI. STEM student teachers had more positive attitudes toward AI than non-STEM student teachers, and non-STEM student teachers were more anxious toward AI than STEM student teachers. The results imply that non-STEM teacher education curricula should be redesigned to be AI-integrated to better prepare teachers of the future as teachers with TPACK integrated with AI. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">950-963</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keskin Cevik, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hikmet Surmeli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF 7TH GRADE STUDENTS PROVIDED INQUIRY BASED GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geoscience education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry based education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed methods research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713273080.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning about the Earth through geoscience education is important in order to make informed decisions about the future of the Earth. The aim of this study is to examine students’ conceptual development on geoscience subjects based on inquiry-based learning. 7th grade students participated in this study. The researcher prepared lesson plans and activities connected with the aforementioned subjects in accordance with the inquiry-based learning model. In this study, the &quot;Geoscience Concept Achievement Test (GCAT)&quot; was used in order to obtain quantitative data, and it was applied as a pre-post test and also a retention test. Qualitative data obtained from 8 students, selected from the working group using the maximum sampling method, Science Writing Heuristics (SWH), interviews with the students, worksheets and assessment tests were used as qualitative data collection tools. The geoscience education program was implemented for 8 weeks. The results from quantitative and qualitative data showed that geoscience education positively affected 7th grade students' conceptual understanding of geoscience subjects. The results of the students' GCAT pre-test, post-test, retention test, SWH data, weekly interviews with the students and final interviews, revealed that the learning and teaching process applied in geoscience education positively affected their conceptual development regarding the subject of geoscience. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">292-314</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734896807.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 6, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1115</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729493480.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 5, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">805</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272361.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724479653.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">593</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377136.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">415</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709891817.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semra Ayata</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gorkem Oylumluoglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet M. Alpaslan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTRIBUTIONS OF EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS ON ENERGY LITERACY IN LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TURKEY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemological beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regression analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377332.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy literacy has become a critical issue in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of epistemological beliefs to energy literacy in lower-secondary school students in Turkey. Data were collected via self-report questionnaires from 656 lower-secondary school students in the Aegean Region of Turkey. To address the research questions, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were implemented. Descriptive results revealed that students had a low energy literacy mean score in the knowledge dimension whereas they had moderate mean scores in the behavioral and affective dimensions. Multiple regression results yielded statistically significant contributions of epistemological beliefs to energy literacy. Analysis revealed that the reasoning dimension positively predicted the energy literacy in the knowledge dimension whereas the authority and accuracy dimension did negatively. The results of this study suggest that advancing students’ epistemological beliefs can be a way to increase students’ energy literacy levels.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">421-431</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shuang Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanbing Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Zou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiao Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Hu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORRELATION BETWEEN TEACHERS’ DISCOURSE STRATEGIES AND THE QUALITY OF STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE IN WHOLE-CLASS TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive demand</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">discursive move</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific discourse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher’s question</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">whole-class teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480722.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers’ discourse is instrumental in facilitating the emergence of students’ scientific discourse. Many studies have shown that teachers’ cognitive demand levels and discursive moves are the main factors in eliciting students’ scientific discourse, but few focus on whole-class (non-grouped) teaching settings. This research explored the correlation between teachers’ discourse strategies (the cognitive demand of questions and discursive moves) and students’ scientific discourse quality in whole-class teaching without intervention. Applying the chi-square test, correspondence analysis, and content analysis, the study revealed the correlation structure between teachers’ discourse strategies and students’ scientific discourse quality. The teachers’ lower (remembering and understanding) cognitive demand questions, primarily elicited students’ low-quality (everyday discourse and elementary) scientific discourse responses. High (analyzing and creating) cognitive demand questions, primarily elicited students’ high-quality (moderate and advanced) scientific discourse responses. The teachers’ discursive moves also elicited students’ high-quality scientific discourse, particularly following the teacher’s high cognitive demand questions. High-control discursive moves (e.g., “providing opinion”) elicited students’ moderate scientific discourse responses, and low-control discursive moves (“allocation and organization”) elicited students’ moderate and advanced scientific discourse responses. Based on these findings, suggestions were made for science teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">786-800</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729493456.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 5, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">803-804</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724479625.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">591-592</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734896780.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 6, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1113-1114</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272328.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177-178</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377107.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">413-414</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709891795.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savaş Varlık</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING IN SCIENCE TEACHERS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF EPISTEMOLOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical and creative thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemological development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed-methods research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729495994.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examines the role of epistemological beliefs in moderating the relationship between critical and creative thinking among science teachers. It aims to explore how advancements in understanding knowledge influence these cognitive skills. The primary focus is on the extent to which epistemological beliefs impact critical and creative thinking, highlighting the need for a deeper grasp of knowledge to foster these skills. A mixed-methods approach is used, combining qualitative and quantitative data within a pragmatic framework to provide a comprehensive view. The sample includes science teachers from Selçuklu, Meram, and Karatay districts in Konya, Türkiye. Quantitative data were gathered using the Epistemological Beliefs Scale, the Critical Thinking Scale, and the Creative Thinking Scale. Results show that epistemological beliefs significantly influence critical and creative thinking, suggesting that these skills are closely tied to epistemological development. Qualitative findings support this, indicating that a solid epistemological foundation is essential for both types of thinking. Additionally, the study finds that authoritarian teaching methods suppress critical thinking, while student-centered strategies enhance it. To promote critical and creative thinking, science teachers should develop their epistemological beliefs and create an environment that encourages open discussion and diverse perspectives.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">964-978</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi-Chun Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CRITICAL YET OVERLOOKED SPATIAL COMPETENCE IN LEARNING ASTRONOMY: DECODING SEMANTIC SPATIAL INFORMATION IN PICTURES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">astronomy education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">domain generality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">domain specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semantic spatial knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial ability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897109.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examined the impact of spatial ability on science achievement by distinguishing between domain-general and domain-specific spatial abilities, focusing on their relationship with the conceptual understanding of the apparent path of the sun. Additionally, the mediating effects of domain-specific spatial knowledge on the relationships between spatial ability and science achievement were tested. A mixed-methods design was used. Forty university students participated. Mental rotation and astronomical drawing tests were used to evaluate their general spatial ability and science achievement. The domain-specific spatial knowledge used in solving astronomical drawing tests was ascertained via interviews and analyzed, with results presented as static-type semantic spatial propositions and dynamic-type spatial skills. The results demonstrated an overlap between general spatial ability and domain-specific spatial knowledge, challenging the traditional dichotomy between them. Furthermore, domain-specific spatial knowledge fully mediated the relationship between general spatial ability and science achievement. These findings have significant implications for astronomy education, highlighting the importance of domain-specific spatial competence over general ability in solving domain problems and underscoring the need for explicit instruction in the decoding of semantic spatial information in pictorial representations, which is often overlooked in studies focusing on spatial skills training or the surface characteristics of scientific representations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1134-1151</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Onur Yalçin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Sadik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT BASED ON AN INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTEXT-BASED LEARNING APPROACH IN THE CONTEXT OF ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electricity and magnetism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interdisciplinary Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272927.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research is a needs analysis study aimed at developing a curriculum based on an interdisciplinary context-based learning approach within the 10th-grade physics course, focusing on the electricity and magnetism unit. The research was designed according to the case study model and data were collected from expert, teacher, and student sample groups through questionnaires and interview forms. Descriptive statistics were utilized for quantitative data analysis, while content analysis technique was employed for qualitative data. The results indicated that the physics curriculum continued to maintain a disciplinary perspective and a classical understanding of physics, with insufficient connection with daily life and adaptation to contemporary conditions. Similar results were identified in the 10th-grade physics textbooks and in-class instructional practices concerning the unit of electricity and magnetism. In this respect, the research identified the needs for developing a curriculum based on an interdisciplinary context-based learning approach to address these negative results. These needs, while enhancing interdisciplinary context-based understanding, can also contribute to the emergence of various opportunities and different perspectives in physics education. It is recommended to identify needs in other subfields of physics as well and develop curricula designed with an interdisciplinary context-based approach for more effective and efficient physics education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">260-279</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uladzimir Slabin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEEPFAKE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. WHY NOT?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deepfake videos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational contexts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ethical dilemmas</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377251.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In 1995, the journal &quot;Education and Upbringing” published my paper titled &quot;Genealogical Method in Education and Its Computer Support.&quot; I explored the value and importance of creating and studying family trees to learn about the values and cultural heritage of one's nation. One of my more forward-thinking ideas was that, in the future, animated ancestors could interact with their descendants via computer screens.
A recent search in the mentioned JBSE archive reveals 11 publications focusing on AI. As we venture further into the age of digital innovation, it is imperative for the JBSE authors to embrace the potential of AI in educational contexts while remaining vigilant about ethical considerations. The integration of AI-generated images, audio, and videos of historical figures like Linus Pauling can revolutionize our teaching methods, making science more engaging and accessible. Such innovations offer unparalleled opportunities to enrich our curriculum, provided we handle the content with care, preserving the accuracy and context of scientific achievements. 
Let us consider how we can collectively navigate the ethical dilemmas and leverage AI to its fullest potential in science education. Let us remain pioneers in this digital age, pushing the boundaries of what's possible while steadfastly upholding the values of truth and authenticity.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">416-420</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naeun Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ilho Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seongun Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINING THE ROLE OF SPATIAL ABILITY IN PERFORMING LUNAR PHASE CHANGE TASK USING BRAIN ACTIVITY ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">brain activation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lunar phase change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental rotation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perspective-taking</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729495740.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many students have difficulty understanding the concept of lunar phase changes (LPCs) due to spatial ability problems such as perspective-taking (PT) and mental rotation (MR). Therefore, this study aimed to compare brain activity during PT and MR tasks while performing the LPC task to determine the involvement of PT and MR. This study measured brain waves using EEG in 20 participants while solving the 3 tasks. First, the power values in the theta band of all cortical areas showed a significant difference between MR and LPC tasks. Second, in the strategy execution section with a statistically significant difference, the occipital lobe and limbic system were mainly active during the PT task, whereas the frontal lobe was mainly active during the LPC task. Third, for strategy execution, during MR and LPC tasks, the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and limbic system were all activated to significantly different degrees. Therefore, both PT and MR, particularly PT, are required to solve the LPC task. Moreover, for students who have difficulty learning LPC, it is necessary to recognize the need for spatial ability, such as PT ability, and establish an appropriate teaching strategy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">899-913</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yumeng Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Talib, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING A KNOWLEDGE MAP FOR THE EARLY CHILDHOOD STEAM EDUCATION: A VISUAL ANALYSIS USING CITESPACE AND HISTCITE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">early childhood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge map</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892301.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This scientometric analysis explores the evolution and dynamics of Early Childhood STEAM education. Web of Science database is employed as a primary data source and visualization tools like CiteSpace and HistCite are used to systematically investigate 179 publications published between 2008 and 2023. It looks at research patterns to unearth notable shifts in focus and intensity influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Keyword analysis reveals the field's evolution, from foundational elements to broader dimensions encompassing technology, pedagogy, and gender disparities. A transition towards experiential learning, emotional identity, and professional development is evident, which reflects a pedagogical shift towards comprehensive and inclusive education. Temporal analysis using Citation Burst Analysis delineates phases of research, emphasizing shifts from fundamental exploration to pedagogical methods and experiences. Acknowledgement of influential scholars, collaborations, and global trends underscores events of interdisciplinary partnerships and international collaborations. The study's implications highlight pedagogical transformations, gender disparity, and the potential for technology in early childhood education. This could inform policy directions and foster collaborations for innovative education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56-75</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feng Deng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changlei Xiao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fenglin Jia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peiyao Tian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Junhao Zhu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING CHEMISTRY PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (PCK) THROUGH THE LEARNING BY COLLABORATIVE DESIGN (LBCD) CURRICULUM MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry preservice teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBCD curriculum model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PCK development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724479922.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is crucial for effective teaching, but it is a complex and implicit knowledge, especially in chemistry education. Therefore, this study explores the use of the LBCD (Learning by Collaborative Design) model to support PCK development among pre-service chemistry teachers. This study adopted a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design, conducting the intervention with 210 participants. After data collection, the study first conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the pre-and post-test data, confirming the good reliability and validity of the designed chemistry PCK questionnaire. Additionally, paired sample t-tests were used to measure pre-service teachers' PCK development in dimensions of CTO, KOA, KOC, KOL, and KOS. Furthermore, unstructured interviews helped to further clarify the participants’ views of the effectiveness of the LBCD curriculum. The results showed that the developed chemistry PCK questionnaire and the LBCD model had a significant statistical impact on the PCK elements development among pre-service teachers, although the development of these elements was not balanced. Finally, the study provides suggestions for the measurement of PCK elements, as well as chemistry teacher education, such as applying the LBCD model to different teacher groups and testing PCK element models using the methods of this study.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">615-631</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shan Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jian Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AN INSTRUMENT FOR ASSESSING UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE OF SCIENTIFIC THINKING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment instrument</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper-secondary school biology teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377648.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific thinking constitutes a vital component of scientific competencies, crucial for citizens to adapt to the evolving societal landscape. To cultivate students’ scientific thinking, teachers should possess an adequate professional knowledge foundation, which encompasses pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Assessing teachers’ PCK of scientific thinking facilitates the development of effective curricula tailored to their continuous professional development. Despite its significance, empirical studies on biology teachers’ PCK of scientific thinking are notably lacking. Hence, this research aimed to create a reliable and valid tool to evaluate upper-secondary school biology teachers’ PCK of scientific thinking. The results showed that the instrument exhibits high reliability and good validity, affirming its efficiency for investigative purposes. A collective of 292 in-service biology teachers from upper-secondary schools participated in this investigation through the completion of an online survey. The results indicated that, overall, as well as for each component, upper-secondary school biology teachers’ performance on PCK of scientific thinking fell within the lower to middle range. Specifically, the performance levels of four components: knowledge of students (KSU), knowledge of instructional strategies (KIS), knowledge of curriculum (KC), and knowledge of assessment (KA) declined sequentially.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">495-517</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azam Ghazali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamad Ashari, Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joanne Hardman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abu Yazid, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE E-SKY MODULE BASED ON PBL IN THE TEACHING AND FACILITATION PROCESS OF EARLY SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">facilitation process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning module</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scaffolding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching pedagogical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272763.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years, there has been a growing concern in science education on the enhancement of preschoolers' knowledge and motivation for concepts by implementing efficient teaching methods. This study explored the development and effectiveness of the E-sky Module in increasing the development of preschoolers in Project-based Learning (PBL) activities conducted both within and outside of preschool. This study employed the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach, incorporating many research methods. During the qualitative interviews conducted in the needs analysis phase, three different themes related to the difficulties encountered by teachers when conducting early science projects were meticulously recorded and analysed. Based on a quantitative analysis completed by three experts in the field, this E-sky Module has been determined to have a substantial level of validity and a satisfactory level of reliability. This is evidenced by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of (p &lt; .82) observed. Moreover, throughout the evaluation phase, four distinct themes were effectively reported, suggesting that this module significantly contributed to the comprehensive development of preschoolers. Hence, future studies should explore the potential of enhancing knowledge acquisition through promoting motivation and the emergence of conducive learning environments in the context of PBL.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">221-239</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soyeon Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jung Bog Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF AN INQUIRY ACTIVITY MODEL EMPHASIZING THE REPRESENTATION OF PRIMARY SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry activity model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry phase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary science textbook</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">representation in inquiry activity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713273156.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite increased research interest in improving students' scientific inquiry abilities, how to conduct scientific inquiry using science textbooks that are easily accessible to primary school students remains understudied. This study developed and verified an inquiry activity model (IAM) to improve the performance of primary school students in science textbook inquiry activities. Data were collected from sixth-grade primary students (n = 167) to analyze the difficulty level of textbook inquiry activities. An analysis tool was developed, focusing on inquiry skills and process flow. Expert analysis increased the tool’s validity. The analysis revealed that students possessed low integrated inquiry skills, were partially aware of the inquiry process flow, and could not design experiments. Hence, the IAM was developed to enhance students’ ability to perform textbook inquiry activities and understand the activity phases. It emphasized the flow and representation of the inquiry process for students to easily recall the contents as they learn the interconnectivity between phases. The post-test of the experimental group and the inquiry process flow chart showed significant improvement in all areas of inquiry ability. The scores for “connections” and “interconnectivity” in the inquiry process flow were high, reflecting the model’s effectiveness in showing the interconnectedness of all stages.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">315-330</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vida Lang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIFFERENCES IN THE WISHES OF STUDENTS, TEACHERS, AND PARENTS ON INTEGRATION OF SMARTPHONES AND TABLETS IN BIOLOGY LESSONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">differences in wishes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school Biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mobile learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">smartphones and tablets integration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students and parents and teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892239.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smartphones and tablets have permeated various aspects of life. This study explores the differences in wishes between students, parents, and teachers regarding the use of smartphones and tablets in biology classes in the upcoming school year. An online questionnaire was used for the study, which provided eight different scenarios for the use of smartphones for teaching purposes. The data were collected from 934 participants, including 465 students, 282 parents, and 188 biology teachers from various Slovenian lower secondary schools. The principal component analysis revealed the unidimensional structure of the instrument, explaining 59.7% of the variance (alpha = .91). The results showed that the use of smartphones and tablets for distance learning, teaching purposes, schoolwork and homework is generally desirable. There was less consensus on their use for laboratory and field work, evaluation of knowledge, and biology lessons. The main finding was that the differences between the groups were small or even negligible in terms of effect sizes. Statistically significant differences were found between the focus groups, with students and teachers expressing greater agreement than parents. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing parents' concerns and understanding the perspectives of stakeholders in order to effectively integrate smartphones and tablets into the classroom.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45-55</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jihoon Kang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jina Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTIVENESS OF GENERATING AN EXPLANATORY HYPOTHESIS FOR INCONGRUENT RESULTS IN ENHANCING SUBSEQUENT SCIENCE LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">explanatory hypothesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">incongruent results</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed-method approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897459.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">While existing studies have underscored the educational benefits of generating explanatory hypotheses (EHs) in response to unexpected outcomes, empirical research on the underlying mechanisms driving their effectiveness in science learning remains limited. Thus, this study aimed to empirically examine the effectiveness of generating an EH for incongruent results in enhancing science learning. Two studies were conducted with 208 students who faced incongruent results out of 578 fifth and sixth-grade students. Study 1 revealed through hierarchical regression analysis that generating an EH predicted enhanced science learning and uncovered the highest predictive power compared to other predictors, including prior knowledge and motivating variables. Study 2 explored the contribution of generating an EH for incongruent results to comprehending scientific concepts through think-aloud protocols and retrospective interviews. The results demonstrated that, unlike students who could not generate EHs and passively acquired information from the text, students who formulated EHs more actively organized information by verifying their hypotheses and paraphrasing the scientific concepts in the text during reading the learning material after generating their hypotheses. The study findings indicate science education direction for future research and broaden the discourse surrounding effective educational practices.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1207-1226</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena Ilić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirjana Ivanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksandra Klašnja-Milićević</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF DIGITAL GAME-BASED LEARNING IN STEM EDUCATION ON STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital game-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systematic literature review</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892125.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education, which includes science, technology, engineering and mathematics, has been expanding for the past two decades. This study aimed to map new trends and the possibility of implementing digital game-based learning (DGBL) in STEM education. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted. The resulting sample was further selected according to PRISMA guidelines, with screening and eligibility processes conducted based on the inclusion criteria defined concerning the research objective. This review consisted of twenty-eight studies. The findings revealed a growing interest in DGBL in STEM education from 2018 to 2023. Furthermore, most studies have focused on the K-12 education system and universities. According to the review, educational games for digital learning and simulation technology are the most promising tools used in research. The analysis is launched by studying the effects that influence the increase of student motivation in DGBL teaching STEM education. The findings support the conclusion that prior experience in gaming has a positive impact on increasing students' motivation to learn in DGBL STEM teaching. In addition, students' previous knowledge of a STEM subject increases engagement and motivation. Implementing educational computer games, therefore, showed a great interest in students in STEM education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-36</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Ren Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tzu-Ting Wei</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF STUDENTS’ STANDPOINTS IN ARGUMENTATION REGARDING SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific issue</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student standpoint</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892541.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examined the effects of students’ argumentation standpoints on their argumentation learning in the context of socio-scientific issues (SSIs). To that end, four kinds of argumentation standpoints were defined: affirmative standpoints, oppositional standpoints, multiple standpoints, and non-standpoints. These four kinds of standpoints allow for six possible combinations of any two of the different kinds of standpoints, which enabled us to conduct six kinds of 2-team format debates. The resulting differences of students’ four types of arguments (i.e., claims, warrants, rebuttals, and qualifiers) generated in six types of debates were examined. This study invited 208 10th-grade students to participate in a quasi-experimental research design. The results showed the affirmative group students demonstrated superior performance in terms of claims and warrants, and the oppositional group students had the largest number of rebuttals. The students in the debate with combinations of affirmative and oppositional groups exhibited the best performance regarding the generation of claims, warrants, and rebuttals. Based on the results, the present study concluded the standpoint had significant effects on the students’ argumentation learning, which suggests that teachers can investigate students’ standpoint on the learning topic of SSI and their prior knowledge about the standpoint before teaching. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">104-118</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719378068.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">588-590</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480755.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">801-802</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713273523.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">411-412</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892860.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175-176</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729496203.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 5, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1010-1012</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897808.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 23, No. 6, 2024
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1310-1312</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nanda Putri Pertiwi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulistyo Saputro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sri Yamtinah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azlan Kamari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS THROUGH STEM PROBLEM-BASED CONTEXTUAL LEARNING: AN INTEGRATED E-MODULE EDUCATION WEBSITE WITH VIRTUAL EXPERIMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-module</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-based contextual learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480571.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the skills needed in the 21st century is critical thinking skills that need to be developed for secondary school students. Currently, upper-secondary students' critical thinking skills are still low. To overcome the problem, website-based E-module learning media was developed using a STEM approach with a Problem-Based Contextual Learning model with virtual experiments using PhET. The aim of developing this website-based E-Module media is to improve students' thinking skills on thermochemistry learning materials. The development model is 4-D. Data collection in this study was gained from three schools representing schools in the high, medium, and low categories in Surakarta, Indonesia. In this research,216 students were involved as the subjects at the development module implementation stage. The results of expert validation of the material, language, and media modules are suitable for use with a score of 90.03% categorized as very good. In the feasibility test, the score was 87.98% categorized as very good. The score for critical thinking skills was 79.18% in the critical category. N-Gain score was 0.70 categorized as high criteria. The result of the independent sample t-test sig 0.023, Critical thinking skills were conducted using E-Module. The results are higher than conventional media and effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">739-766</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brenda Braga Pereira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sangwoo Ha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ON TIKTOK: TOPICS AND CLAIMS OF MISLEADING INFORMATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misleading information</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TikTok videos</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892688.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In light of the increasing frequency of misleading information in social media regarding environmental issues, this study aimed to identify misleading information spread through TikTok videos and to discuss why such content is considered misleading, drawing on relevant literature. Hashtags with large numbers of views, such as #climatechange, #sustainability, #pollution, #biodiversity, #environmentalprotection, #environmentalissues, #energysource, and #environmentalproblems, were used for data collection through web scrapper called Apify (https://apify.com/). A total of 29 misleading videos were found. Content analysis was applied to identify and classify the topics and misleading claims. The topics of misleading videos, according to the most frequent mentions, were energy sources, followed by climate change, pollution, biodiversity, and environmental degradation. Among the misleading claims, videos related to pyramids as non-pollutant power plants and conspiracy related to pollution exhibited the highest frequency. The results show various misleading claims in videos related to environmental topics. Also, emphasized the importance of science education in addressing misleading information. In addition, the importance of an interdisciplinary approach for addressing environmental issues was reinforced.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131-150</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nguyen, L. H. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chin-Fei Huang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATING PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE FOR TEACHING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN VIETNAMESE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elementary teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instrument development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480401.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The significance of environmental education has become more evident, driven by global concerns surrounding climate change. In Vietnam, a country facing significant environmental challenges, developing environmental knowledge of elementary school teachers is crucial. This study aimed to validate a questionnaire for assessing professional knowledge of elementary school teachers in teaching environmental issues, originally designed in the Korean context. Recognizing the need for adaptation to the Vietnamese educational system, language, and local environmental issues, the initial 39-item questionnaire underwent a validation process. A total of 86 elementary school teachers participated in the construct validity and reliability, while eight qualified professionals evaluated the content validity. The results indicated that content validity indices for each item ranged from .88 to 1.00, and a scale-content validity index was .90. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed construct validity, organizing the 27 items into seven dimensions. The Cronbach’s ⍺ coefficient was .86, which confirmed the questionnaire demonstrated a high level of reliability. Therefore, it is a reliable instrument for assessing elementary school teachers’ professional knowledge in teaching environmental issues, which is relevant in the Vietnamese context. The validated instrument supports the development of professional development programs and contributes to the broader goal of enhancing environmental education in Vietnam.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">710-722</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bojan Lazarevic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maja Stojanovic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena Pisarov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nemanja Bojanic</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF NTC LEARNING SYSTEM ON THE MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS IN LEARNING PHYSICS CONCEPTS USING CARD–BASED LEARNING APPROACHES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">game–based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTC learning system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student motivation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713273237.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examined the impact on the motivation of students toward learning physics upon applying the Nikola Tesla Center (NTC) learning system. The research was conducted using a quasi–experiment with a pretest–posttest non–equivalent control group design. The participants considered were a large group of 1371 students, from various grades and mixed genres, selected from the same district in Serbia. The instrument of this research was the students’ motivation toward science learning (SMTSL), which has been adapted to measure the motivation of students and their learning strategies for physics. Statistical analysis included calculations of Cronbach alpha, chi–square, Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test, independent Samples t–test and ANCOVA, and Pearson correlation test. The study found that using the NTC learning system had a positive effect on students' motivation to learn physics. The experimental group had significantly higher scores on various subscales of motivation such as self–efficacy, active learning strategy, physics learning value, performance goal, and learning environmental stimulation compared to the control group. The research results determined that the NTC learning system is an effective method for promoting motivation of students toward learning physics and it can be recommended for implementation in schools. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">331-351</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nthoesele Hlaela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loyiso C. Jita</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING PHYSICS TEACHERS’ DOMAIN-SPECIFIC PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE COMPONENTS IN LESOTHO SECONDARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">domain-specific PCK</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PCK components</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272845.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is considered an important ingredient in shaping classroom practice. PCK requires valid measurement at domain-specific level on different components excluding the teaching context. While the research focuses on measuring the PCK of unqualified teachers and pre-service teachers, the description of qualified teachers’ domain-specific PCK is often overlooked. The purpose of this study was to measure quantitatively the domain-specific PCK of qualified physics teachers focusing on the five PCK components: content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, assessment knowledge, knowledge of students and curricular knowledge. Data were collected through the paper-and pencil PCK test that was responded to by 87 Physics teachers teaching the last two years of secondary school. Data were analyzed using the Extended Rasch Model and descriptive statistics. The results revealed that Physics teachers have a low PCK in general and low levels of PCK components, the lowest being content knowledge. The study recommends regular refresher workshops for qualified teachers focused on developing different PCK components, with more emphasis on content knowledge.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">240-259</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Cansız</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE TEACHING ON SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE OF SCIENCE CONCEPTS, AND ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">subject matter knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377450.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although integrating the history of science (HOS) into teaching has long been recommended in science education research, studies have revealed conflicting results on its effectiveness. These are mainly due to the need for more studies in this context. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the impact of HOS teaching on science process skills, knowledge of science concepts, and attitudes toward science. In this research, a quasi-experimental research design was employed. The HOS was contextualized into the topic of the circulatory system. Two intact classes were chosen as the experimental group (EG) and the two others as the control group (CG). The EG students were involved in HOS activities during the treatment, while the CG students followed the curriculum-driven activities. The findings indicated that the impact of HOS education was evident, as students in the EG outperformed those in the CG in retaining knowledge of science concepts and demonstrating positive attitudes towards science. However, HOS education and curriculum-driven instruction have similarly impacted the development of science process skills. These results support the conceptual premise that HOS teaching is an alternative and a worthy way of supporting students’ scientific literacy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">449-463</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snežana Lješnjak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Danka Caković</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FAMILIARITY AND OPINIONS OF MONTENEGRIN BASIC SCHOOL LEAVERS TOWARD EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic school leavers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montenegro</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development goals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480252.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to explore the familiarity with and opinions toward Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) among Montenegrin students at the end of their basic school years and upon entering upper-secondary school. The participants of the study were gathered in 2022, and the data were recorded via an online survey platform. The results were obtained from 705 students in the first grade of upper-secondary school. The results indicate a notable lack of student familiarity with the content of the ESD curriculum, despite it being a compulsory part of the basic school since 2014. The content listed in the curriculum of ESD for basic school is only sporadically or rarely integrated into teaching practice. Respondents mostly showed a neutral opinion toward the ESD content and its implementation practices. They did not demonstrate a clear majority opinion toward embracing sustainable thinking and behavior. Based on the study findings, there is an urgent need for comprehensive teacher training in all subjects for basic school teachers. The study recommends developing effective assessment tools for ESD concepts, providing teaching materials, and appropriate literature to integrate ESD content into each subject, ensuring the competent achievement of ESD goals.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">679-693</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King-Dow Su</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE FEASIBILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF LIFE SCIENCE IN STEM PRACTICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">effectiveness and feasibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">entrepreneurial scientific thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">life science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Royal Belgian siphon pot</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892744.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building 21st-century life science skills requires educating participants according to STEM abilities. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of the STEM ability assessment framework in the practical learning environment. The study uses STEM coffee preparation experiential activity with a Royal Belgian siphon pot to construct a learning environment in the classroom. The study also develops two assessment instruments, a knowledge concept questionnaire, and an entrepreneurial scientific thinking scale, to examine their effectiveness and feasibility in the STEM learning environment. The results of the content validity index reveal the value of good-grade literature for two questionnaires. Kendall's coefficient of concordance (ω) of the four reviewers' responses shows that the inter-rater reliability of the two questionnaires reaches a better level. The Chi-square test found that this STEM learning environment is feasible and effective and will help the participants assess their STEM abilities. The entrepreneurial scientific thinking for preparing beverages of life science is rich in viability and efficacy for instrument creation and assessment. Future research lengthened the extraction process while also improving consistency. Last but not least, more teaching practices and research designs are available. However, the goal is for learners' STEM aptitude to increase practice depth.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151-163</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binimelis Sebastián, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez Gonçalves, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez Trigueros, I. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muntaner Guasp, J. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GEOGRAPHIC LITERACY IN THIRD-YEAR COMPULSORY SECONDARY EDUCATION STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographic knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographic literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online map editor instrument</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">place location knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-test data evaluation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897047.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poor geographic knowledge among students and citizens, in general, has been one of the main research concerns in the area of geography education. This study is part of a project aimed at determining compulsory secondary education students’ level of geographic knowledge and providing tools to improve learning. Following quantitative research methods, the geographic knowledge and competences of the participating students have been assessed through an online test. Additionally, the circumstances associated with the students’ personal and academic environment that contribute to explaining the results have been established. The findings show the participating students’ scarcity of geographic knowledge, both regarding specific curricular contents and spatial competence. The results obtained suggest the pressing need to find a new geography teaching approach that is more clearly linked to the language of maps.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1119-1133</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pei-yu Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuan-Chen Liu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACT OF AI ROBOT IMAGE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY ON IMPROVING STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF CELL DIVISION AND SCIENCE LEARNING MOTIVATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cell division</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">image recognition technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning by teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning motivation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272661.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explored the integration of neural networks and artificial intelligence in image recognition for object identification. The aim was to enhance students’ learning experiences through a &quot;Learning by Teaching&quot; approach, in which students act as instructors to train AI robots in recognizing objects. This research specifically focused on the cell division unit in the first grade of lower-secondary school. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design involving four seventh-grade classes in a rural lower-secondary school. The experimental group (41 students) were taught via an AI robot image recognition technology, whereas the control group (40 students) were taught via a more conventional textbook-centered approach. The research followed a pre-test design, with three classes lasting 45 min each, totaling 135 min of teaching time over two weeks. Evaluation tools include the &quot;Cell Division Two Stage Diagnostic Test&quot; and the &quot;Science Learning Motivation Scale.&quot; The results indicate that learning through teaching AI robot image recognition technology is more effective than textbook learning in enhancing students’ comprehension of the &quot;cell division&quot; concept and boosting motivation to learn science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">208-220</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelka Strgar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrea Möller</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF ONLINE EDUCATION ON STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN EVOLUTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Covid-19 pandemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evolution acceptance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">parents’ education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ religiosity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897649.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the 2020/21 school year, education changed overnight due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of the lockdown on students’ knowledge of evolution. Two student groups were compared; both covered the same subject matter, and only the implementation differed: either online or in class. The sample consisted of 476 participants, 15 to 16 years old. Data were collected with a questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale. Contrary to expectations, there were no significant differences in knowledge between the online and in-class groups. The reasons for this remain unclear. The impact of some contextual factors was also tested. There were no significant differences in students’ performance concerning maternal education, and only two concerning paternal education. Males scored better than females. Knowledge of human evolution did not correlate with religiosity. However, it did correlate with acceptance of evolution and attitudes toward biology. The online educated group and the in-school educated group differed significantly in most correlations between contextual factors. Further studies should be carried out on students that experienced the lockdown to better understand its consequences, especially if these are long lasting.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1266-1277</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pao-Yin Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pei-yu Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuan-Chen Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hsiao-Ching Yang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF THE OK4R MOBILE PLATFORM ON VOCATIONAL STUDENTS’ IMPROVEMENT OF SCIENCE READING COMPREHENSION AND LOGICAL THINKING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">logical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OK4R</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">popular science reading</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocational high school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892468.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Taiwan, the education system places a strong emphasis on higher education. Students who perform well in the National High School Entrance Examination are given priority admission to public high schools, while those with lower scores tend to enroll in vocational schools. It's worth noting that students with low scores in this examination often struggle with reading and natural literacy, typically scoring below level 2 in PISA assessments.
This study examined the impact of implementing the mobile platform OK4R reading strategy on students' comprehension of popular science reading and their logical thinking abilities. The research was conducted with two classes of first-year vocational school students.
The findings indicate that when students used the OK4R mobile platform for popular science reading, it had a positive effect on their popular science reading comprehension and their logical thinking skills. Notably, female students outperformed their male counterparts. The study also revealed that several factors, including gender, basic abilities, and other variables, influenced the effectiveness of the OK4R mobile platform for vocational students. Those with lower science scores appeared to benefit the most from this approach.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-103</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pi-Hun Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chung-Yuan Hsu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwo-Jen Hwang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gwo-Haur Hwang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Min-Ai Yang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF THE PREDICTION-OBSERVATION-EXPLANATION MODEL ON PRESCHOOLERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GEAR CONCEPTS THROUGH BLOCK PLAY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">building blocks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gear concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729494292.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The complexity of gear concepts, often misunderstood by young children, highlights the need for educational frameworks beyond simple play. To examine the effects of using the prediction, observation, and explanation (POE) model in building block activities, a true experimental design was implemented. A total of 49 preschoolers were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, which engaged with building blocks embedded with the POE model, or a control group, which followed a building instruction guide. Data were gathered through pretests, posttests, and two-week delayed tests administered to all participants. The theoretical framework for this study was based on the POE model, emphasizing the importance of prediction, observation, and explanation in the learning process. The results revealed that the POE model had positive impacts on fostering young children’s acquisition of gear concepts. Specifically, gear speed and gear direction were identified as the most challenging concepts for preschoolers to grasp. The results highlight the critical role of children's reflection in learning these concepts. The participants’ common naive conceptions about gear function, gear speed, and gear direction were identified. The implications of these results highlight the importance of incorporating reflective practices in early childhood education to enhance concept acquisition and address misconceptions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">867-881</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luvia R. Nastiti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widha Sunarno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sukarmin Sukarmin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulistyo Saputro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luqman Baehaqi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING STEM LITERACY THROUGH PROJECT-BASED GEOSCIENCE LEARNING (PJBGL) MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geoscience learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480325.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The intricacy of real-world challenges in project-based geoscience learning is complex to assess with a STEM approach; hence, research into an effective model is necessary to address current issues in education. Understanding the role of STEM in resolving challenging real-world issues requires integrating STEM literacy that is appropriate for geoscience education. This study examines the effectiveness of the Project-Based Geoscience Learning (PJBGL) model in enhancing STEM literacy. By integrating project-based learning with geoscience, the aim is to create an interactive and immersive learning environment. The study seeks to contribute to knowledge about the effectiveness of this model compared to the conventional model. The aim was to evaluate the PJBGL model's impact on students' literacy, particularly in the geosciences. The study utilized a pretest-posttest control group design with 33 students, 19 in the experimental group and 14 in the control group, collecting STEM literacy data using a test instrument and analyzing the data with the Mann-Whitney test. Effect Size calculation using Cohen's d and increased STEM literacy was tested with the N-Gain formula.  The research results show that the PJBGL model is more effective in increasing STEM literacy in geoscience learning than the conventional learning model. This finding holds implications for educators and curriculum developers seeking innovative strategies to cultivate students' STEM literacy. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">694-709</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nergis Makal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salih   Çepni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INCREASING STUDENTS’ EMPATHY LEVELS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: A THEMATIC REVIEW</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empathy development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empathy skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thematic review</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729495805.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K-12 education as an enterprise always has two main aims; to teach basic skills and knowledge and to cultivate moral citizenry. There is substantial evidence that empathy can promote morality and character development through education. To shed light on what has been done and to identify the pathways already established, a thematic review of research focused on empathy development in K-12 science education has been conducted. A systematic examination of literature published before January 2024 resulted in 28 publications being analyzed in terms of their general characteristics and the specifics of the designed interventions. Results show that educational interventions can improve empathy skills; these studies use collaborative learning environments, take 3-10 weeks to implement, and the most preferred strategy is recognizing different perspectives of a given situation with reflective exercises. All of the studies reviewed positively affected students' affective and cognitive domains. For future research, more interventions designed to improve empathy skills in parallel with the science curriculum are proposed to supply teachers with new comprehensive resources to implement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">914-930</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ina Rajsiglová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viktorie Poneszová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milada Teplá</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES ON THE INTEREST OF CZECH AND FINNISH STUDENTS IN BIOLOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extracurricular activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interest in biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377841.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extracurricular learning plays a key role in shaping students' interest in (not only) biology. The research examined which extracurricular areas related to biology can make biology more attractive for the participating Finnish and Czech students. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered to 178 Finnish and 195 Czech 9th-grade lower-secondary school students. Cronbach's alpha, Varimax rotation and Mann–Whitney U-test were performed. Factor analysis identified 7 areas: Family trips, My career, Biology lessons, Healthy lifestyle, Institutions, Nature-related hobbies, and Information sources. For Czech, hobbies related to nature and family trips are significant contributors to fostering interest in biology, and an informal educational environment is crucial for cultivating a lasting relationship with biology. For Finns, biology classes and career orientation have a more significant influence on students, demonstrating the effectiveness of formal educational strategies in increasing students' interest in biology. Increasing interest in biology among the students observed in both sociocultural environments is significantly influenced by family involvement and the use of information sources. Further research should explore how specific ECA can support the connection between family and school environments and their impact on students' interest and engagement in biology lessons.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">536-549</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chin-Fei Huang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INFLUENCE OF STEAM TEACHING ACTIVITIES INTEGRATING LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR AND SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">local environmental awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pro-environmental behavior (PEB)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897394.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to explore the impact of STEAM teaching activities that incorporate local environmental awareness on university students’ pro-environmental behavior (PEB), and scientific creativity. The teaching activity design of this study was centered on “designing livable housing in Taiwan”, and a total of four projects were designed. This research included university students (N=66) who were divided into a control group (n=33) and an experimental group (n=33). The experimental group added videos on local environmental awareness such as “local disasters and local household interview news”. The students were required to fill out the “Scientific Creativity Questionnaire” and “PEB Scale” before and after the teaching activities. The results of the study indicate that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-test for the sub-dimensions of &quot;Green Behavior,&quot; &quot;Global Warming Awareness,&quot; &quot;Environmental Social Interaction,&quot; &quot;Informal Environmental Education,&quot; and &quot;Environmental Attitude.&quot; This suggests that incorporating local environmental awareness materials into STEAM teaching activities is more effective in enhancing university students' PEB compared to standard STEAM teaching activities. Additionally, both groups showed improvements in overall scientific creativity after participating in the different activities, particularly in the areas of fluency and flexibility. However, ANCOVA analysis revealed no significant difference in scientific creativity between the two groups in the post-test. The results indicated that the integration of local environmental awareness materials was not the primary factor contributing to improvements in scientific creativity. This study recommends that higher education lectures integrate both environmental awareness and scientific content into curriculum design to strengthen students' overall competencies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1193-1206</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevilay Dervişoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susanne Menzel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INFLUENCE OF WILDLIFE VALUE ORIENTATIONS, CONNECTEDNESS TO NATURE, AND RELIGIOSITY ON THE FEAR OF WOLVES AND WILD BOAR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">connectedness to nature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fear of wild boar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fear of wolves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">religiosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildlife value orientations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480018.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knowing the factors affecting fear of large carnivores is important for wildlife management and conservation. In this regard, the effect of worldviews of human-wildlife and human-nature relationships on the fear of large carnivores needs to be investigated in different cultures. In this study, the influence of wildlife value orientations (WVOs), connectedness with nature, religiosity, fear of dogs, and gender on the fear of wolves and wild boars were examined. Quantitative research was conducted via a questionnaire on a convenience sample of 656 university students from state universities in various regions of Turkey. Domination orientation did not influence the fear of either animal. Mutualism negatively influenced the fear of wolves but did not significantly influence the fear of wild boar. Connectedness to nature is related negatively to the fear of both animals. More religious students feared wild boars more. Female students had a greater fear of both animals than male students. In addition, students with a fear of dogs had a greater fear of both animals. The relationship between worldviews and fear of large carnivores can vary across different species and needs to be investigated in different cultures.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">632-640</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kateřina Čiháková</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INQUIRY AS A NATURAL PART OF OUTDOOR TEACHING: INSIGHT FROM MOTIVATED EDUCATORS USING ONLINE COURSE AND RESOURCES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online course</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outdoor education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724479841.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific literacy is decreasing in the Czech Republic and inquiry-based science education (IBSE), believed to enhance it, is used rarely. Meanwhile, outdoor teaching is on the rise, but it is unclear if it could help promote inquiry. This study examines the frequencies of outdoor teaching and IBSE and their relationship in self-reported practice among motivated educators. Two questionnaires were filled out by educators who downloaded teaching resources in 2019 (N = 796) and those who enrolled in an online course in 2020 (N = 745). 
A high proportion of educators used some form of IBSE. Many of them unexpectedly often involved students in research design as part of IBSE. The frequency of student-designed investigation was correlated with the frequency of outdoor teaching in both samples. Both frequencies increased after the online course. This indicates that involving students in research design can be supported indirectly and that new professional development courses could use the attractiveness of outdoor education. 
Two groups of active teachers were identified, one focused on inquiry in their own class and the other motivating colleagues to teach outdoors. As they were represented more among primary school teachers, establishing learning communities consisting of both primary and lower-secondary science teachers could bring change to science education.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">599-614</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sri Lestari, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sajidan Sajidan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fitria Rahmawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meti Indrowati</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INQUIRY ETHNOBOTANY LEARNING MODEL: AN INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN MODEL TO ENHANCE STUDENT ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ethnobotany</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">live laboratory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">medicinal plants</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713273401.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental literacy related to the utilization of medicinal plants in the community provides a foundation for the younger generation to take an active role and form an attitude of care and responsibility for environmental sustainability. The current research aims to introduce the Inquiry-Etnobotany (IEb) learning model to enhance students' environmental literacy. The research design applied a pretest-posttest control group design to assess the effectiveness of the IEb model intervention, comparing it with the inquiry and discovery learning models. Upon analysis, notable differences emerged between the pre-test and post-test results across various learning models. Specifically, the IEb model exhibited a substantial difference, indicating significant progress in student outcomes. Similarly, the inquiry model showcased an improvement, while the discovery learning model displayed a slightly smaller change. Furthermore, the disparities between pre-test and post-test outcomes were evident across the different schools involved in the study. The IEb model has a significant impact on enhancing students' environmental literacy. However, the research results in each school also demonstrate that various learning models enhance students' understanding of environmental issues despite the different levels of effect. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">377-389</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruo-Yang Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Yang Ma</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARD BIOTECHNOLOGY IN STEM EDUCATION AS AN INDICATOR OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY  </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward biotechnology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biotechnology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge of biotechnology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socioscientific issue</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892394.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biotechnology has great importance as a socioscientific issue in STEM education. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of college students toward biotechnology. A total of 236 university students participated in the study. Questionnaires on knowledge and attitudes towards biotechnology were used for data collection. The results revealed that participants had inadequate knowledge about several basic concepts related to genetics and biotechnology, particularly those concerning genetically modified organisms. The results regarding the attitudes revealed more neutral results. The participants had a neutral attitude towards biotechnology, with mean scores ranging from 2.71 to 3.55. They were generally against buying genetically modified products but supported biotechnology for medical purposes and strongly desired to increase their knowledge about genetically modified products. The participants did not have a negative opinion of biotechnology in general but were critical of its purpose and use. The correlation analysis between knowledge and attitudes produced weak correlations. Offering supplementary resources on biotechnology can enhance students' and individual’s understanding and attitudes of this topic.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76-89</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lim, S.-M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyunju Chun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyonyong Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngshin Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNING CONCEPT NETWORKS IN THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS BASED ON STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE LEVELS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">connected concept network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480174.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An important educational goal is enabling students to learn scientific concepts. The scientific concepts learned in class are developed within students’ cognitive structures. Despite the successful application of Semantic Network Analysis (SNA) to study these cognitive structures, there has been limited examination of students' concept networks based on their individual characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the differences in students’ characteristics based on their cognitive levels, which influence their thinking and behavior. To analyze these differences, this study compares concept and connected concept networks, focusing on photosynthesis, a challenging life sciences topic. The study’s results indicate that students could not clearly distinguish concepts by subtopic, but there were changes in the concept network after class. Although the types and number of concepts students knew were similar depending on their cognitive level, the concept network structure differed. Additionally, some students could not distinguish between similar concepts. Thus, teachers are advised to differentiate between similar concepts during instruction and address personal variables such as students' cognitive levels.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">658-678</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Min Kyung Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LINKING SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS WITH STUDENTS’ PERSONAL DAILY LIVES: USING THE METAPHYSICAL MEANING OF SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Everyday Context</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuhn’s Paradigm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metaphysical Principle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific concepts</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729494367.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The declining interest in science learning, along with students' perception that science is irrelevant to their daily lives, has been identified as a significant issue. This research aimed to help students connect abstract scientific concepts with their personal and everyday experiences. To achieve this, the research utilized the metaphysical principles implied by scientific concepts, a component of Kuhn’s paradigm. To replace the abstract term ‘metaphysical meanings’, the term ‘Meaning of Life implied by Scientific Concepts’ (MLS) was introduced to make these metaphysical principles more accessible and comprehensible for students. Using MLS, activity sheets were developed and implemented with 57 lower-secondary students. The results showed that students could effectively identify real-life examples of the presented MLS, the number of students who successfully generated MLS increased with additional class sessions, and the content of the MLS expressed by the students was thoughtful and meaningful. Post-activity interviews indicated that students found this approach interesting and helpful for understanding concepts, and teachers were impressed by the quality of the students' work, expressing a desire to implement this approach in their classes. It is concluded that using MLS to connect abstract scientific concepts with students' everyday lives is both feasible and applicable in school science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">882-898</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon-Chao Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huei-Ying Ho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ming-Chou Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kai-Hsin Tai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LIVE-STREAMING PERFORMANCE IN INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE LEARNING WITH ACTION: TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational program</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">live-streaming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ perspective</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892061.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Online teaching has become an imperative approach in today’s society. However, as an essential approach, using live streaming to teach students in small groups, particularly rural primary school students, has not been extensively studied. To address this gap, an inquiry-based model, predict-do/observe-quiz/discuss-explain-transfer (P-D/O-Q/D-E-T), was adopted for live streaming with action, and its performance was analysed. Reflection by teachers can lead them to a deeper understanding to capture the profound impact of an educational program. In the present study, eight teachers who had experience assisting rural students in this experiment were invited to rate their points of view on immersion, social interactivity, humanness, and value perception. Examining the consistency of teachers’ viewpoints using the hermeneutic method, the results showed that they highly supported viewing these four constructs using live streaming to conduct inquiry-based science learning with action. As expected, using live streaming to deliver teaching with the P-D/O-Q/D-E-T approach can enrich other online science teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9-19</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emrah Hiğde</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Volkan Yüzüak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zekiye Merve Öcal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilal Aktamış</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MANY-FACET RASCH MEASUREMENT APPROACH TO ANALYZE THE PREPARED SCIENCE LABORATORY ACTIVITIES BASED ON SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND VIEWS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">laboratory experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480106.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Many-Facet Rasch model is frequently used to analyse and minimize disparities in rater (judge) severity in performance evaluations, in which raters assign scores to test-takers' performances. In this research, the aim of the present study was to analyse science teacher candidates’ laboratory activities by using the Many-facet Rasch model. Rasch model’s surfaces are, respectively: 9 juries, 8 science activities and 24 criteria. The FACETS program was used to do data analysis. Findings show that laboratory activities, which were coded as E8, were found to be the most successful and E2coded activity was found to be the least successful based on the criteria. Jury numbered 7 or coded as G7, is the most lenient, and scorer numbered 5, or coded as G5, is the severest when the juries are listed from the most lenient. The study's objective is to use the Many-Facet Rasch measurement model to analyse laboratory experiments linked to science-related activities. Analysis of the performance of science activities, analysis of criteria hardness, analysis of the severity and leniency of juries, and study of jury bias were carried out concurrently with this goal. At the end of the study, it can be easily inferred that the Multi-Facet Rasch measurement model could be used effectively to evaluate peer groups in science education and objective results could be obtained.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">641-657</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uladzimir K. Slabin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENDELEEV’S PORTRAYAL AND MENDELEEVIAN EPONYMS IN CHEMICAL EDUCATION: SIC TRANSIT GLORIA MUNDI</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry textbook</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eponym</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendeleev</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">periodic system</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713273324.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scholars as exemplars and their linked eponyms play a significant role in education. Since the discovery of the periodic law in 1869, perceptions of Mendeleev and his eponyms may have shifted. With the aim of assessing the historical and current portrayal of Mendeleev and his eponyms in chemistry textbooks and on the Internet, content analysis of textbooks, including Soviet and contemporary Russian (11) and Ukrainian (16), was conducted. Additionally, an Internet search in 7 languages was conducted to assess the prevalence of Mendeleevian eponyms online. Primary Mendeleevian eponyms are predominantly utilized in the Russian segment of the Internet. While Mendeleev’s portrayal held significance in mid-20th-century Soviet chemistry textbooks, his presence has dwindled in current Russian and Ukrainian textbooks. This decline is attributed to the obsolescence of associated chemical realities, the disputed priority of Mendeleev, and an ambiguous attitude towards him. The implications of this decline include loss of historical context, reduced memorization aids, impact on critical thinking, disruption of continuity, and reduced humanism in education. The research underscores the importance of a balanced and inclusive approach to science education, recognizing contributions from scientists of diverse backgrounds and perspectives, and highlights the interconnected nature of science education and international relations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">352-376</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurcan Kahraman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A META-ANALYTIC EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL AND SCHOOL-AVERAGE ACHIEVEMENT ON STUDENTS' SELF-CONCEPT IN SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">big fish little pond effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892182.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of individual and school average achievement on students’ self-concept in science. The data of the last four Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) cycles were used, and a two-stage individual data meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between achievement and self-concept in science. In the first stage, multilevel structural equation modeling was performed for each dataset. Furthermore, the effect sizes were synthesized via meta-analysis with a three-level random-effect model. In addition, moderation analysis was conducted for the year, grade, and degree of stratification in countries. The results suggested a positive and significant effect of individual science achievement on the self-concept of students in science. On the other hand, the relation of the average school achievement was negative. The results were discussed by considering the big-fish-little-pond effect.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-44</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aziz Amaaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abderrahman Mouradi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moahamed Erradi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MODEL FOR PHYSICS PRACTICAL WORK USING MOBILE LEARNING AND LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS) IN HIGHER EDUCATION: DESIGN, VALIDATION, AND EVALUATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LMS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mobile learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practical work</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729493711.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite the importance of physics practical work in higher education, its implementation is often hampered by various constraints and problems. Technology, such as learning management systems (LMS) and mobile learning, can offer solutions to some of these problems and enrich students' learning experiences. Therefore, this research proposes a model called Practical Works in Physics via Mobile Learning and LMS (PWP-MLMS) that exploits features of LMSs and mobile devices to overcome specific challenges encountered in physics practical works and improve students' performance in these works. The model was designed, validated, and evaluated within the teaching context of a Moroccan university. To assess the model's effectiveness,128 students in the Bachelor of Education, Physics-Chemistry specialization were randomly divided into two groups of 64 students each: an experimental group using the model for practical work on the topic of rectification and filtering in the electronics module, and a control group following the conventional method for the same practical work. The results of the evaluation showed that the proposed model can significantly reduce the time required to complete the practical work, have a positive influence on the students' technical skills, and improve the quality of their laboratory reports.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">809-825</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nasser Mansour</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Çevik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali Yağci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah Bader Mohsen Alotaibi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heba EL-Deghaidy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELING THE FACTORS INFLUENCING SECONDARY STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN STEM SUBJECTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM subjects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural Equation Modeling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377762.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education plays a key role in influencing and orienting students' interests towards STEM fields and careers. This influence is multifaceted, involving not only STEM content and experiences but also teachers, schools, and personal factors. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors impacting the academic performance of 951 tenth grade students in STEM subjects (physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, and information technologies) who are attending public and private schools in two provinces of Turkey. Using a correlational research model, the study assessed how students' personal characteristics, teacher effectiveness and school characteristics affect achievement in STEM courses. Data were collected using the ‘Factors Affecting STEM Achievement Questionnaire (FA-STEM-A)’, a 20-item questionnaire divided into three sub-dimensions. Analyses focused on the relationships between student characteristics, teaching quality, school infrastructure and STEM performance. Structural equation modelling revealed that positive student characteristics, especially fondness for STEM subjects and confidence in STEM abilities, moderately increase achievement. In contrast, negative factors attributed to teachers and schools, such as inadequate classroom activities, lack of educator expertise, inadequate technological resources, and large class sizes, hindered student performance. These findings emphasize the important influence of both inherent student qualities and external educational conditions in determining STEM education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">518-535</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wahyu Dilla Abdullah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adilah Afikah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ezi Apino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supahar Supahar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jumadi Jumadi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODERATOR EFFECT OF MOBILE LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN PHYSICS: A META-ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meta-analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mobile learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272578.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of mobile technology in physics education has become more prevalent, but more data about its effect on student academic performance needs to be collected. This meta-analysis examines the effects of mobile learning on student achievement in physics and any moderating factors. The study collected 36 primary studies from various scientific databases (Scopus, ERIC, DOAJ, Google Scholar) that met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that using mobile technology has a significant effect on student performance in physics compared to without mobile learning. Moderator analysis revealed differences in the effects of mobile learning on physics learning outcomes based on sample size, academic level, gender composition, learning media type, learning model type, learning outcome type, and measurement instrument type. However, no effect difference was observed in country status, publication year, sampling technique, and physics content. No publication bias was found in this study. Overall, the study suggests that mobile learning has a strong positive effect on student achievement in physics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187-207</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MORALITY, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI researchers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI usage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning environments</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734896956.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the important tasks of today’s education is to answer the question of “What are the moral and ethical issues associated with the use of advanced learning systems and modern learning environments, supported by AI methods?” Concrete responses could include the development of a recommendation, regulations and standards (some kind of test), on the basis of which one could assess whether an intelligent accessory (program or algorithm) for learning can ensure the students to acquire all the cognitive, social, and emotional competences, i.e., whether it is ‘safe’ to be used in the educational process. The development of such a &quot;test&quot; could affect the development of various similar ‘security’ tests of AI usage in other areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1116-1118</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zanele Vilakazi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lydia Mavuru</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sam Ramaila</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION IN LIFE SCIENCES: TEACHERS' AND LEARNERS' BELIEFS ABOUT CODE-SWITCHING </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">code-switching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive academic language proficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learner beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multilingual education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teacher beliefs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897768.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In South Africa, where multilingualism is prevalent, code-switching—a practice of alternating between languages—plays a significant role in shaping classroom dynamics and learning outcomes. This study explores the beliefs of both teachers and learners regarding code-switching in Life Sciences classrooms. Utilizing quantitative methods, the research is grounded in the Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) framework which emphasizes the pivotal role of language in the learning process. Data were collected from 100 learners and 44 secondary school teachers across multilingual areas in Sedibeng West, Gauteng Province in South Africa, using questionnaires. The findings reveal that teachers view code-switching as an effective strategy for clarifying complex scientific concepts and addressing language barriers, despite concerns about its potential impact on language proficiency and dependency. Learners, on the other hand, value code-switching for its role in making learning material more accessible and understandable. This study highlights the nuanced role of code-switching in enhancing educational outcomes in multilingual settings and suggests its potential benefits and challenges in the context of Life Sciences education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1291-1309</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markus Sebastian Feser</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PARENTS’ VIEWS ON THE USE OF AI-BASED CHATBOTS SUCH AS ChatGPT IN HIGH SCHOOL (STEM) EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI-based chatbots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM curriculum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709891975.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As digital technology becomes increasingly available in education, educational researchers around the globe increasingly have to confront how it may affect school students’ academic success. To summarize, the survey I conducted revealed that parents generally hold a positive view of integrating AI-based chatbots such as ChatGPT into high school STEM education, with most believing it enhances learning and should be part of the STEM curriculum. However, the participants’ views diverged on the broader use of such chatbots in high school education, with mixed stances on their impact and adoption in all high school subjects. Moreover, a correlation analysis revealed links between participants’ views on the use of AI-based chatbots in high school education and their geographical origin, as well as their self-evaluated knowledge about the use of such chatbots. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-8</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sema Çıldır</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilek Sultan Acarlı</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERCEPTION SCALE OF PRESERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC REASONING SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preservice Science Teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897187.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, an assessment tool was developed to measure the reasoning skills (RS) of preservice science teachers on socio-scientific issues (SSI). As a result of the literature review, the scale was developed based on five dimensions. These dimensions are complexity, questioning, having different perspectives, skeptical approach and the limitations and adequacy of science. The developed scale consists of a total of 18 items. 577 preservice science teachers participated in the study voluntarily. First-level confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate the construct validity of the items created in line with the theoretical framework. In addition, second-level CFA was applied to test whether the dimensions represented the students' perceptions of socio-scientific reasoning (SSR) skills. When the literature was examined, it was decided that the values of the fit indices were appropriate for model verification. The findings reveal that the developed scale can be used for valid and reliable measurements in determining the perceptions of preservice teachers regarding their SSR skills. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1152-1163</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lukáš Richterek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYSICS TOPICS FOR GENERAL SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school curricula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science subjects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific discoveries</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724479771.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discussing the content of education is a never-ending story. Naturally, with the development of sciences and our knowledge, we need to include new topics. Simultaneously, with limited lesson time, some other parts must be reduced or omitted. Thus, each generation has to inventory the most relevant topics for science education and define criteria for selecting the curriculum of STE(A)M subjects. It is generally better to cover fewer topics thoroughly, practising and consolidating basic facts and skills rather than many of them sketchily. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">594-598</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jian-Bo Zhu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Zhou Luo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PREDICTION OF SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT WITH SCIENCE IDENTITY AND SCIENCE LEARNING SELF-EFFICACY AMONG CHINA’S UPPER-SECONDARY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science identity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper-secondary students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713273483.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science identity, encompassing perceptions of competence, interest, and recognition in science, alongside learning self-efficacy reflecting confidence to master science skills, are key drivers of outcomes. However, developmental patterns likely vary across contexts. Participants were 512 Chinese students spanning grades 1-3 who completed the Science Identity Scale and Science Learning Self-Efficacy Scale, with physics, chemistry, and biology achievement scores gathered. A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model assessed relationships. Results substantiated psychometrics for motivational measures. The model indirectly predicting achievement via first-order discipline-specific paths explained more variance than direct second-order effects. Effects significantly varied across groups stratified by grade and region. Interest and conceptual knowledge drove physics and chemistry success, while higher-order skills enhanced biology achievement overall. However, relationships differed within subgroups, suggesting personalized motivational support needs—self-belief/competence foundations for struggling learners, conceptual development for those with high prior achievement, and intrinsic enrichment for disinterested students. Results detail complex motivational profiles underlying science achievement requiring tailored identity safety and self-efficacy scaffolding alongside conceptual and skill-building for excellence across scientific disciplines. Motivational support systems may spur more equitable and optimal science outcomes among diverse adolescent learners.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">390-410</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hlologelo Climant Khoza</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS BACKLOG PERPETUATED BY EMERGENCY REMOTE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge and skills backlog</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377513.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The adoption of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) during the COVID-19 Pandemic brought a shift in how lecturers teach in higher education, posing a threat to the usual development of competencies in students. This study aimed to uncover the knowledge and skills backlogs experienced by pre-service teachers. The study is framed within various concepts that characterize an ideal science teacher. Using a qualitative case-study design, data were collected through interviews with nine pre-service teachers who were subjected to the ERT. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed thematically using the established framework as a lens. The findings indicate that while the science pre-service teachers acquired some technological knowledge, there was a concurrent loss of sufficient content knowledge, a crucial prerequisite for the development of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). Additionally, the pre-service science teachers highlighted a lack of knowledge in practical work and the specific pedagogies essential for teaching science. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of moving forward.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">464-475</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sameera Alshorman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE READINESS TO USE AI IN TEACHING SCIENCE: SCIENCE TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI readiness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative survey</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teachers’ perspectives</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377387.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to assess the readiness of Jordanian science teachers for integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in science education, focusing on their perceptions, challenges, and training needs. A quantitative survey methodology was employed, using a 35-item questionnaire distributed to 136 science teachers in urban Jordan. The questionnaire, developed and refined through expert peer review and a pilot study, encompassed demographics, attitudes towards AI, perceived benefits and challenges of AI in science teaching, self-efficacy in using AI, and behavioural intentions regarding its use. The results indicated varying teacher readiness levels, influenced by gender, educational background, and concerns over data privacy and security. While there was a general sense of optimism about the potential of AI, significant challenges related to limited resource access and insufficient professional development were identified. These results emphasized the need for targeted policy initiatives and training programs to enhance teachers' readiness for AI adoption. The study's insights contributed to understanding the facilitators and barriers to AI integration in science education, highlighting the critical role of teacher readiness in the effective utilization of AI in educational contexts. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">432-448</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yajun Wei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiaotong Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Zhong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guangyi Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mengjun Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feipeng Pi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changhong Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RECORDED VIDEO VERSUS NARRATED ANIMATION IN TEACHING PHYSICS PROBLEM-SOLVING: THE INFLUENCE OF PROBLEM DIFFICULTY LEVEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational video</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching/learning strategies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719378023.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerous studies compared the effectiveness of various formats of video-based teaching, yet their focus has primarily been on relatively straightforward content, such as concepts and basic procedures. Research on the effectiveness of teaching complex content through different formats of videos remains limited. This study addresses this gap by conducting a well-controlled comparison between recorded video and narrated animation in the context of teaching physics problem-solving, a challenging content area with easily measurable difficulty levels.
The study employed a controlled experimental design with a sample of 361 upper secondary school students who had been randomly assigned to seven classes within a selected secondary school by the school administrator. Data were collected using pre- and post-test assessments that measured students' problem-solving performance after video-based teaching. 
The results indicated that the effectiveness of recorded videos featuring the teacher's face was not significantly different from that of narrated animations that did not include the teacher's face, irrespective of the content's difficulty level. These findings provide valuable insights for educators in selecting appropriate teaching formats for teaching challenging content through video-based education. They contribute to our understanding of teaching strategies and have practical implications for educators seeking to optimise teaching approaches in similar contexts.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">570-587</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Aizri Fadillah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Usmeldi Usmeldi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asrizal Asrizal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ROLE OF CHATGPT AND HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS AS PREDICTORS OF PHYSICS INQUIRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ChatGPT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">correlation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher-order thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple linear regression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics inquiry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897331.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of ChatGPT and higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) as predictors of physics inquiry among upper-secondary students has yet to be widely explored. Therefore, this research aimed to examine upper-secondary students' role in ChatGPT (convenience and quality (CQ), motivation and engagement (ME), and accuracy and trust (AT)) and HOTS as predictors of physics inquiry. Data were collected from 334 upper-secondary students in Indonesia through online questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS software using correlation and multiple linear regression. The results showed that CQ had the strongest correlation with HOTS, with significant predictors being response speed, concept linkage, and explanation quality. The ME dimension was also significantly correlated with HOTS, with increased motivation to learn and enjoyment in learning as key predictors. Lastly, the AT dimension significantly correlated with HOTS, where the accuracy of information and students' trust in it were essential predictors. These findings indicate that ChatGPT has the potential to enhance inquiry-based learning in physics by effectively supporting the development of HOTS.           </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1178-1192</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez, R. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheryl Lyn C. Monterola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SECONDARY SCHOOL PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ON THE PURPOSES AND GOALS OF SCIENCE TEACHING: THE PRESENCE OF CULTURAL MYTHS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivist physical science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cultural myths in physical science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">purposes and goals of science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers' beliefs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729495866.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding why teachers teach the way they do is important especially in a time of curriculum reforms. Hence, the aim of this research is to unpack the secondary school physical science teachers’ beliefs on the purposes and goals of science teaching (PGST) and to check the alignment of their beliefs on PGST with constructivism. A convergent parallel mixed method design was employed. Scale and checklist were used to collect data on the teachers’ beliefs. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews was used to explore the teachers’ implementation of the science curriculum. Results revealed that while teachers agree with the basic tenet of constructivism, their beliefs on the PGST were traditional. Difficulties of implementing their constructivist ideas on teaching and learning reinforced the cultural myths. Length of teaching experience and actual classroom teaching hours were seen as significant factors in the development of beliefs, whereas familiarity of curriculum intentions correlate negatively with the development of constructivist beliefs. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">931-949</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jože Brecl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borut Čampelj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM LEARNING AS A BASE FOR DEVELOPING COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN INCLUSIVE SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaboration-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">communication skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">game-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inclusive school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">innovative learning environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">special educational needs (SEN)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729494083.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research addresses the problem of how to tackle STEM education and its transformation into STEAM education in an inclusive school. It highlights the need for communication competence in collaborative teaching supported by problem-based (PBL), project-based (PrBL) and game-based (GBL) learning. At the same time, it is necessary to highlight the importance of arts in all the listed innovative forms of learning and teaching, as teamwork and cooperation between the members of these teams are extremely important. The key competence of this participation in the mentioned forms of knowledge is communication competence, which is manifested in students' self-confidence/lack of self-confidence, in their level of well-being, collaboration, motivation, their active role and awareness.
The empirical research was conducted on a sample of eleven classes from six Slovenian-inclusive schools, with at least one student with SEN in each class. The research focused on the differences between students with and without SEN regarding their perception of STEAM lessons supported by gamification elements. The results showed that using innovative teaching methods can connect and positively affect STEAM, which, with the help of technology, engineering and art, consequently, improves a deeper understanding of the field of Science and Mathematics (S-tea-M).
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">854-866</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Rui Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Na Zhou</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM ATTITUDE DISPARITY: THE IMPACT OF LEARNING EXPERIENCES IN VOCATIONALLY-ORIENTED POLYTECHNIC AND UNIVERSITY ON STUDENTS’ SELF-EFFICACY, EXPECTANCY-VALUE, AND CAREER INTEREST</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expectancy-value</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning experiences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM attitude</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729496070.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning experiences are widely recognized as crucial in developing students’ attitudes towards science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Vocationally-oriented polytechnics and universities provide distinct learning experiences that may significantly influence students’ STEM self-efficacy, expectancy-value and career interest. The study explores how the unique learning experiences shape students' STEM attitudes among 487 students during their fourth semester at vocationally-oriented polytechnic and university. The S-STEM survey was adopted as the measurement instrument. The result showed that university students displayed a more favorable overall STEM attitude compared to students enrolled in vocational-oriented polytechnic. University students demonstrated greater STEM self-efficacy than polytechnic students, but no significant difference in STEM expectancy-value was detected between the two groups. From the perspective of inter-group comparison, university education consistently fostered students a heightened sense of STEM self-efficacy, expectancy-value and career interest in science, whereas vocationally-oriented polytechnic education boasted its unique strengths in cultivating robust attitudes and career interests towards science and engineering/technology. However, students in both institutions exhibited a relatively less positive attitude towards learning mathematics. The findings highlight the importance of learning experiences in shaping students' STEM attitudes and career interests. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">979-989</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wenxiu Tang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yangyi Qian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hong Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jinju Wen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiayi Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xintong Zhu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yangqian Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURES REGARDING REDOX REACTION: COMBINING MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING AND HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER ANALYSIS APPROACHES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multidimensional scaling (MDS)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">redox reaction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892821.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Redox reaction is a core chemical concept. However, its abstract nature makes it very difficult for students. Students’ conceptual structure reflects their mastery of concepts, which helps teachers implement targeted educational strategies. This study aimed to explore the conceptual structures of redox reaction held by students (grades 10 to 12) by employing MDS and HCA. A total of 606 students participated, with 195 students in 10th grade, 202 in 11th grade, and 209 in 12th grade. The results indicated that three-dimensional solutions were appropriate for the conceptual structures of 10th and 12th graders, while 11th graders demonstrated two-dimensional solutions. All students grouped the 15 concepts related to redox reaction into two large clusters: metrology and the redox reaction process. Moreover, both 10th and 12th graders further subdivided the 15 concepts into four subclusters: metrology, oxidation process, reduction process, and chemical reaction. Students’ conceptual structures were rational across all three grades. The conceptual structures of 10th and 12th graders were more refined than those of 11th graders, and there was no significant difference between the conceptual structures of 10th and 12th graders. 11th graders learned about electrochemistry and tended to confuse concepts related to redox reaction with those related to electrochemistry. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164-174</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tian Luo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiayue Zhao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winnie Wing Mui So</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wencong Zhan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS' REFLECTIONS ON THEIR SCIENTIST- OR ENGINEER-LIKE PRACTICES IN STEM PROJECT-BASED LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structured interviews</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892627.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students build up their STEM career interest based on their experiences. However, it remains unclear how students reflect on their STEM experiences in light of their understanding of STEM careers. This study aimed to explore how students relate their practices in STEM project-based learning (PBL) with their perceptions of scientists’ and engineers’ work. A randomly selected sample of students (n =142) participating in a STEM event participated in structured interviews regarding the resemblance between their months-long STEM PBL and scientists’ and engineers’ work. The data were coded using content analysis mostly by adopting a bottom-up approach followed by statistical analysis. Results showed that the majority of students claimed that their group had done things like scientists, while only about half of the students acknowledged doing things like engineers. The number and aspects of the students’ mentioned practices were generally limited, with engineer-like practices more divergent and reflecting their stereotype of engineers working as manual laborers. The results also suggest that students tend to neglect the minds-on but hands-off scientist- or engineer-like practices such as raising a question/problem. The findings address the research gap regarding how students reflect on their STEM PBL experiences in light of career development. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-130</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martinez Pena, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blanca Puig</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Araitz Uskola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SYSTEMS THINKING (ST) ON COMPLEX HEALTH ISSUES: THE APPLICATION OF THE ONE HEALTH (OH) APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Covid-19 pandemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interpretative study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">one health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systems thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">zoonosis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480499.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systems thinking (ST) is an essential skill for understanding complex issues, making predictions and informed decisions. This research explores how students applied ST in complex health contexts using the ‘One Health’ (OH) approach. OH highlights the interdependence relationship between animal, human and ecosystemic health (including plants). Eighteen upper secondary school students were involved in activities that aimed to foster their capacity to apply ST to explain the causes of the COVID-19 pandemic, to anticipate future pandemics and to propose actions for preventing them. Individual written tasks were examined using content analysis methods. Four dimensions of ST were considered, and levels were established based on the literature and in interaction with data. Most participants articulated various aspects of ST in their responses, but they did not do so consistently. Students had difficulties both in anticipating future pandemics and in proposing actions to prevent them. After the completion of the activities, most students showed an improved understanding of the OH notion. They identified the components, relationships and provided examples of causal interrelationships, such as those involved in zoonotic diseases. The findings point to the potential of the OH approach in Biology education, as it promotes students’ understanding of complex health issues from a systemic view.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">723-738</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunkoog Jho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minsu Ha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TOWARDS EFFECTIVE ARGUMENTATION: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A GENERATIVE AI-BASED EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK SYSTEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentative writing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">automated assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural language processing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">web architecture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713273011.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed at examining the performance of generative artificial intelligence to extract argumentation elements from text. Thus, the researchers developed a web-based framework to provide automated assessment and feedback relying on a large language model, ChatGPT. The results produced by ChatGPT were compared to human experts across scientific and non-scientific contexts. The findings revealed marked discrepancies in the performance of AI for extracting argument components, with a significant variance between issues of a scientific nature and those that are not. Higher accuracy was noted in identifying claims, data, and qualifiers, as opposed to rebuttals, backing, and warrants. The study illuminated AI's promise for educational applications but also its shortcomings, such as the increased frequency of erroneous element identification when accuracy was low. This highlights the essential need for more in-depth comparative research on models and the further development of AI to enhance its role in supporting argumentation training.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">280-291</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Min Qi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xinyang Hu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hualin Bi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING BAYESIAN NETWORKS FOR COGNITIVE DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT OF UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS UNDERSTANDING IN REDOX REACTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bayesian network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive diagnostic assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">redox reaction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897582.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The redox reaction is a core concept of upper-secondary school chemistry curriculum. Accurate diagnosis of students’ conceptual understanding of the redox reaction from a cognitive structure perspective is critical for enhancing their understanding of chemical concepts. This study utilized Bayesian networks to investigate the cognitive structures of Chinese students regarding the redox reaction. A total of 409 upper-secondary school students participated, with 227 in 11th grade and 182 in 12th grade. Seven cognitive attributes related to the redox reaction were identified, and their hierarchical relationships were mapped. The research process of cognitive diagnosis assessment of redox reaction based on Bayesian network was developed. The results indicated that Bayesian networks can effectively assess students’ cognitive structures of the redox reaction. Key attributes identified in students’ cognitive structures were &quot;electron transfer&quot;, &quot;oxidation reaction / reduction reaction&quot; and &quot;oxidability / reducibility&quot;. Furthermore, a comparison of the cognitive structures between 11th and 12th graders showed that 12th graders had a more advanced understanding with fewer conceptual gaps, while 11th graders demonstrated less developed cognitive pathways, which may be attributed to a lack of deep conceptual understanding.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1243-1265</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ying Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuqin Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yongkang Chu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daner Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiazhen Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuhui Zheng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VIRTUAL LABORATORIES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: UNVEILING TRAJECTORIES, THEMES, AND EMERGING PARADIGMS (2013-2023)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometrics analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research trends</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729496168.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virtual laboratories are transformative tools in science education, yet comprehensive reviews of their prospects are limited. This study addresses this gap through a bibliometric analysis of 218 articles published between 2013 and 2023. Key findings included: (1) research has evolved from initial exploration to rapid expansion; (2) virtual labs have demonstrated adaptability across various scientific disciplines, including chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, and medicine; (3) five research trajectories focus on virtual labs, science education, and computer-based learning; and (4) eight research topics, such as comparisons with physical labs and student performance, have gained prominence. These findings had implications for educational practices, research methodologies, and policy considerations. For educational practices, virtual laboratories offer benefits by removing the need for physical resources, providing flexible delivery, enabling safe exploration, fostering engagement through hands-on experimentation, and enhancing understanding with immersive experiences. For research, virtual labs improve learning and analytical skills, generate detailed data on student behaviors and learning patterns, and lead to innovations in teaching methods and curriculum design. For policymakers, strategic planning is needed to create supportive policies for the effective adoption of virtual labs, including teacher training, infrastructure development, and curriculum integration, making science education more accessible and equitable for all students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">990-1009</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shuo Ban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xi Lan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ziming Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yongchun Mao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VISUAL ATTENTION ALLOCATION AND FIXATION TRANSACTIONS IN READING PRIMARY SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eye-tracking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary scientific literature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729493948.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary Scientific Literature (PSL) significantly contributes to cultivating students' scientific literacy. However, students' visual strategies while reading PSL remain unclear. This study utilized eye-tracking technology to clarify students' visual attention allocation and fixation transactions during PSL reading, and explored their associations with students' self-reported reading strategy levels and reading outcomes. Thirty-eight undergraduate students majoring in biology (22 females and 16 males) participated in the study. They wore eye-tracking glasses while reading a PSL that included sections like abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and reference. Participants also completed a Primary Scientific Literature Strategies Assessment and a post-reading exam. The study demonstrated that reading time and fixation count on the results page were positively correlated with self-reported PSL reading strategy scores and reading outcomes. The reading time and fixation count on the methods page are positively correlated with self-reported PSL reading strategy score. Moreover, the higher group showed significantly greater attention to results compared to the lower group. The higher group exhibited significant interaction between texts and figures in fixation transactions within the results, whereas this interaction was absent in the lower group. The research provided recommendations for educators to enhance students' PSL reading strategies and abilities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">826-853</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgios Tsaparlis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHAT AND WHO INSPIRED ME TO BECOME A SCIENTIST AND FURTHER A SCIENCE EDUCATOR?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biological sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272488.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">According to Alex H. Johnstone, “most of the concepts we develop in everyday living (such as cars, trees, houses, dogs, and flowers) are based on tangible things; things we can touch, see, smell and taste. … However, concepts such as element, enzyme, atom, gas, resistance, molarity, entropy, and many others cannot be constructed directly by our senses. Some are one or even two steps removed from direct sensory perception” (Johnstone, 2007, p. 8).
The famous Johnstone triangle for the physical sciences (Johnstone, 1982 ─ see Figure 1) has at one of its corners tangible things, constituting the “Macroscopic” or “Macro Level”. The two other levels that facilitate further understanding are the “Symbolic and Mathematical Level”, which involves symbols, mathematical and chemical equations, as well as graphs and calculations, and the “Submicroscopic” or “Submicro Level”, which refers to entities such as atoms and molecules, that are so tiny that we cannot observe them either directly or even with the help of a strong microscope; these entitles are objects of thought and we draw conclusions about them through logical thinking and inferences. The emphasis among the three levels varies between the physical sciences, physics and chemistry.  

</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180-186</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xianwei Gao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nai Peng Tey</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siow Li Lai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABSENTEEISM AND STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE: IMPACT ON EXAM RESULTS AMONG EIGHTH-GRADE STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">home educational resources</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantile regression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">valuing science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728725.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Absenteeism and students' attitudes toward science have an impact on the exam results among eighth-grade students in Malaysia and Singapore. This study employed weighted least squares and quantile regression techniques on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 data to analyze the net effect of these two factors in influencing the academic performance of eighth-grade students. Given Singapore's considerable lead in TIMSS ranking over Malaysia, this research sheds light on modifiable factors that can help Malaysia enhance its national science education. Absenteeism was more pressing in Malaysia than in Singapore, but it significantly influenced exam results in both countries. However, there was no significant difference in attitudes toward science. Results from quantile regression show that these impacts were not uniform across the performance distributions. The study's results emphasize that absenteeism, home educational resources, and parental education contribute to the performance disparities between the two countries. These results underscore the importance for policymakers and educational planners in Malaysia to take proactive steps in addressing these shortcomings to improve students' exam results, to work towards narrowing the performance gap, and to enhance science education.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">991-1010</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şeyda Ferah Arslan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANXIETY AND ATTITUDES OF MIDWIFERY STUDENTS TOWARD SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health professions education; midwifery student; research anxiety; research attitude</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687107755.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The attitudes of midwifery students, who are being trained to perform the profession of midwifery in the future, toward doing scientific research are determining factors in increasing the quality of midwifery and strengthening evidence-based practices. Undergraduate education is an important stage in which basic research-related perspectives and skills are gained for health professions. This descriptive study aims to determine the anxiety and attitudes of midwifery students toward scientific research and to examine the variables that affect them. It was conducted at a public university in western Türkiye and included 246 undergraduate midwifery students. Midwifery students’ anxiety toward scientific research was found to be low and their attitudes toward scientific research were positive. The attitudes of students who have experience in doing scientific research, participated in scientific congresses/symposia, have the desire to do scientific research under the guidance of a consultant and follow periodicals, were found to be more positive. Anxiety and positive attitude toward scientific research were found to be negatively related. The results of the regression analysis showed that the students’ Research Anxiety affected their Attitude Toward Scientific Research. Students’ experiences of conducting scientific research reduce anxiety and affect attitudes positively. Therefore, undergraduate students should be actively involved in scientific research and activities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">381-392</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Zou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lizhen Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiao Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanbing Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSMENT OF CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN STUDENT LEARNING OF MOON PHASES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment of conceptual understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">level division</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moon phases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693508291.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many research studies have shown that lower-secondary school students’ scientific literacy depends on their understanding of corresponding scientific concepts. Therefore, it is of great significance to model and assess students’ conceptual understanding in learning specific scientific concepts, because it can reflect and diagnose students’ cognitive characteristics, so as to provide evidence for targeted educational interventions. However, on the topic of Moon Phases, existing research studies have deficiencies in the evaluation and analysis of different levels of students’ conceptual understanding, which restrict teachers to take effective educational interventions to help them. Thus, this study explored a new level division and an assessment test for revealing and explaining students’ different conceptual understanding in learning Moon Phases. This study was conducted among 768 Chinese lower-secondary school students. Through a variety of quantitative and qualitative analyses, it was found that students’ conceptual understanding of Moon Phases can be divided into three levels of continuous improvement, including the mechanical memory of different phenomena of moon phases, the formation of a preliminary mental model of Moon Phases, and the construction of a complete mental model of Moon Phases. Accordingly, this study made some precise suggestions for effectively improving students’ conceptual understanding of Moon Phases.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">719-736</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ke Ma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bei-He Hui</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE ON ATTITUDES IN STEM EDUCATION IN 2008-2022</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes in STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometric mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728991.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study employed a bibliometric analysis of research on attitudes in STEM education to identify patterns and themes within scholarly publications to address a research gap in the current literature. The publications indexed in the SCOPUS database on attitudes and STEM were analyzed to collect data. 173 articles were chosen for analysis. Bibliometric analysis revealed an upward trend in research publications between 2008-2022, with notable increases in 2013 and 2018 and between 2018 and 2022. Curtin University was the institution that contributed the most to the literature during this period. The results also showed that institutions from Australia, Taiwan, and the United States contributed equally to research on attitudes and STEM. Another finding is that the United States had the most publications on attitudes and STEM. The International Journal of Science Education was cited the most, followed closely by The Journal of Research in Science Teaching and Science Education. Barry J. Fraser and Jaquelynne S. Eccles are authors who were cited more than one hundred times in the publications.  Based on the findings, implications for further studies are drawn.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1038-1049</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tugen Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiaying Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiaoqing Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jijian Lu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BLENDED LEARNING ON WECHAT PLATFORM-BASED SPOC IN LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHING </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blended teaching; Science education; SPOC; Teaching design model; WeChat platform-assisted teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693508213.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper proposes a blended teaching design model on WeChat Platform-based SPOC and carries out an empirical study of its applicability and effectiveness in lower-secondary school science teaching. Participants were from two eighth grade classes with different academic performance, and after conducting the same blended teaching, it was found that pre-class knowledge transmission on the WeChat platform considerably enhanced students’ classroom participation, which was also highly related to their improved post-class test scores. The improvement in the performance of the weak groups is more obvious. In addition, backend data from the WeChat platform revealed that the number of resource clicks was significantly higher than the total number of students, indicating that the sharing function of the WeChat platform facilitated the sharing of educational resources. Seven in-service science teachers were also interviewed to qualitatively evaluate and analyze the teaching model from the perspective of in-service teachers. The comprehensive results indicate that the teaching model constructed in this study achieves good results, facilitates the development of students’ independent learning ability, and allows for the integration of this blended teaching model into lower-secondary curriculum.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">701-718</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İsmail Dönmez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BREAKING GENDER STEREOTYPES: HOW INTERACTING WITH STEM PROFESSIONALS CHANGED FEMALE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">female students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender stereotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human images in STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">role models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728638.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Various studies have reported that students have limited, stereotypical perceptions of STEM fields. However, few studies have attempted to evaluate interventions undertaken with the aim of changing female student’s perceptions of STEM professions. This research aimed to examine the changes in mental images among female students as a result of interacting with STEM professionals in a STEM camp. The Draw-a-Scientist Test was revised, and female students were asked to draw and describe STEM professionals at work before and after attending STEM camp. The participating students attended workshops and career talks given by STEM professionals. The findings showed that the perceptions of the participating female students regarding gender images of STEM professionals changed. After the STEM camp, it was also observed that knowledge about STEM professionals and the content of their work had increased. The studied intervention program for female students positively contributed to changes in the students’ mental images of STEM professionals. Therefore, it is recommended that female students interact with professionals working in STEM fields to change their perceptions of those fields.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">974-990</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiang-xiang He</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi-ping Deng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jian-hua Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guang-yu Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jian-wen Xiong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang Xiao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CHAIN MEDIATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED FAMILY SUPPORT FOR FORMAL AND INFORMAL SCIENCE LEARNING IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FAMILY SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND INFORMAL SCIENCE LEARNING EXPERIENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">family support</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">informal science learning experiences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mainland China</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socioeconomic status</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681286585.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students’ informal science learning experiences are believed to strongly influence their attitudes toward science and their abilities in the subject. Factors associated with students’ informal science learning experiences include family socioeconomic status and perceived family support. However, little is known about whether perceived family support for children’s formal and informal science learning differs significantly. The present study filled this gap by exploring how students’ perceived family support for formal/informal science learning affected the link between their socioeconomic status and their experiences of informal science learning. Survey data were collected from 486 Chinese grade 4-6 primary school students. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that the students’ socioeconomic status and their informal science learning experiences were significantly and positively correlated. This association was chain-mediated through two categories of perceived family support. Specifically, students’ socioeconomic status affected their informal science learning experiences through the separate mediating role of family support for formal science learning and the sequential mediation of perceived family support for formal and informal science learning. These results uncover the role that family support plays in students’ science education; accordingly, parents are encouraged to help their children learn science both formally and informally.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">232-253</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teresa Lupión-Cobos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">José Ignacio Crespo-Gómez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cristina García-Ruiz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO TEACHING INQUIRY APPROACHES BY STE(A)M PROJECTS IN THE PRIMARY EDUCATION CLASSROOM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching fundamental sciences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687108197.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study analyses the teachers' perceptions of their capacity for designing and developing STE(A)M projects in a professional development programme (PD) conducted through a collaborative educational research project carried out between the University and the centres by the IndagaSTEAM Escuela project. Incorporating STEAM education in the classroom poses various challenges to teachers, among other aspects, associated with conceptualising, designing and applying the curricular integration of STE(A)M subjects, requiring training programs updates for this purpose. Hence, the design developed promotes applying an inquiry-based approach and adapting the integrative STE(A)M curriculum in the Primary Education classroom. Challenges and opportunities of the teachers' involvement have been analysed as a case study undertaken longitudinally between 2019 and 2022. Data have been compiled from a varied typology (rubrics evaluation, ad hoc interviews and questionnaires, using the Likert scale), which give an account of the global perception these educators have, on the one hand, of STE(A)M education and the inquiry approach and, on the other hand, of the collaborative learning scenario from the framework used.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">454-469</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen Zhang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHINESE PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ VIEWS OF THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social responsibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social responsibility of scientists and engineers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687108620.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific and technological research is important to everyone because their results affect humanity worldwide. Although science and technology bring many benefits to humanity, individuals and societies can face the negative consequences of science and technology. To prevent and solve the negative consequences of research in these fields, it is important to educate scientists and engineers to have social responsibility. However, no research has addressed pre-service science teachers’ views of social responsibility in literature. Therefore, this study aimed to explore Chinese pre-service science teachers' views on the social responsibility of scientists and engineers. The research participants were 194 pre-service science teachers. A social responsibility instrument was administered for data collection. The results showed that participants had high mean scores in five areas of social responsibility and a good awareness of the role of scientists and engineers in addressing problems and risks related to human, environmental, and societal impacts. However, they had lower mean scores in three areas requiring action or involvement. In addition, the results did not show statistical differences by gender or grade level. In light of our findings, we conclude pedagogical and practical implications for teachers and researchers in teaching social responsibility.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">538-548</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karel Nepras</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tereza Strejckova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roman Kroufek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CLIMATE CHANGE ATTITUDES, RELATIONSHIP TO NATURE AND PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF STUDENTS FROM THREE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pro-environmental behaviour</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681287540.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate change is not a future problem, it is a significant variation of weather conditions becoming warmer, wetter or drier. It is the longer-term trend that differentiates climate change from natural weather variability. The aim of this research was to determine primary school students’ knowledge and attitudes related to climate change among primary school students (n = 473) in the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom and Portugal using a questionnaire survey. The dimensions of climate change knowledge, environmental attitudes and values, pro-environmental behaviour, and climate change attitudes were measured and analysed. The results showed gender differences in favour of girls in all the dimensions studied, except for climate change knowledge, where the results of boys and girls were comparable. In an international comparison, UK children scored higher on climate change knowledge and climate change attitudes dimensions. A multiple regression analysis showed the dimensions of nature preservation and appreciation of nature as the strongest positive predictors of pro-environmental behaviour and the dimensions of climate change knowledge and nature preservation as the strongest predictors of climate change belief. The results suggest the importance and implications of the wider societal debate on climate-related personal dimensions. The interconnectedness of environmental and climate-related topics at the primary school level is also evident.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">309-322</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qi Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiaoxia Tian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Younghwan Bang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyung Hee Park</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COGNITION AND ATTITUDE TOWARD SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BEHAVIOR: COLLEGE STUDENTS’ INFORMAL ONLINE LEARNING AS A MODERATION EFFECT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">College Student</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">informal online learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development cognition</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653956.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The social responsibility of college students in the later stages of adolescence for sustainable development is emphasized, and the role of universities has become a crucial task. This study aimed to explore the level of college students' cognition, attitude, and behavior towards sustainable development and the association among them through the moderation effect of informal online learning. The difference verification and structural equation modeling were applied to 559 students who majored in science, and statistical validity was confirmed. Regarding the sustainable development level of college students, there was a significant difference in cognition, attitude, and behavior towards sustainable development between males and females, formal education, and informal online learning. Further, college students’ attitudes towards sustainable development played a significant mediating role between cognition and behavior. The study also found a significant moderation effect of informal online learning on students’ cognition and attitude toward sustainable development behavior. Accordingly, this study suggests that universities should systematically design educational programs to promote college students' behavioral change toward sustainable development through personal life-oriented learning courses.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">900-913</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi-Kuan Tseng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fan-Sheng Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wernhuar Tarng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Ling Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tzu-Ling Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL, VIRTUAL, AND HYBRID LABS ON PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL LEARNING OF HEAT AND TEMPERATURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heat and temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical manipulative</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual manipulative</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676961317.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical and virtual labs have unique capabilities that can influence how students learn from them. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of physical and virtual manipulatives on students’ learning of heat and temperature and to examine the influence of various combinations of physical and virtual manipulatives. A total of 205 participants were divided into four groups: only physical manipulatives, only virtual manipulatives, physical-virtual manipulatives, and virtual-physical manipulatives. Students’ knowledge acquisition was tested using Pre-test–Post-test design. The results showed that physical and virtual manipulatives are as effective in facilitating students’ learning of state changes, but virtual manipulatives are more beneficial to students’ learning of thermal expansion and contraction than physical manipulatives are. Physical-virtual manipulatives are more effective than virtual-physical manipulatives or physical manipulatives alone are to promote students’ learning of heat and temperature, but this effect is similar to that of virtual manipulatives alone. The results suggest that virtual laboratories can effectively model abstract concepts. The better effect of the physical-virtual operation sequence on learning does not depend on whether the two types of experiments are combined or on the sequence of operations but on the type of experiment when its advantages actually contribute to learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153-166</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687107566.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">375</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676960052.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681286056.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728271.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 6, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">951</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693763675.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 4, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">563</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653076.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 5, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">743</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teresa Zamalloa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Araitz Uskola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ainara Achurra</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONTEXT CONDITIONS STUDENTS´ REPRESENTATIONS OF THE HUMAN NUTRITION MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evaluation context</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model representation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrition model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702729294.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The human nutrition model is relevant in Biology education. Researchers and policymakers propose the introduction of modelling practices in science education, including the representation of the model. Despite being scarce, previous studies have shown that the guideline given to students conditions their performance when representing their models. This study addresses how the context given to 79 preservice teachers (PSTs) in two cohorts at the end of a modelling sequence conditions the representations of the nutrition model constructed by them. The contexts were a child running and a lactose intolerant person. Written explanations and drawings of PSTs were analyzed according to the components-mechanisms-phenomena (CMP) framework. PSTs of both cohorts expressed a more developed nutrition model in a running context than in an intolerance context with respect to CMP aspects, which was shown by statistically significant differences. Therefore, the conclusion is that the context conditions the expression of the model. In this case, it was the context that appealed directly to the circulatory system and implied the use of energy, the one that led to a more complete representation of the human nutrition model.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1089-1102</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gamze Alp</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coskun Onan, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORRECTION ON USING COMICS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: STUDENTS' SOLUTIONS AND AESTHETIC SUBTLETIES </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erratum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687109015.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Issue date: 15 April 2023 

Original Paper: Alp, G., &amp; Coskun Onan, B. (2023). Using comics for climate change in science education: Students' solutions and aesthetic subtleties. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 22(2), 215-231. https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/23.22.215

Abstract. Erratum for “Alp, G., &amp; Coskun Onan, B. (2023). Using comics for climate change in science education: Students' solutions and aesthetic subtleties. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 22(2), 215-231. https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/23.22.215”.  
Keywords: erratum 

This document presents the appendices belonging to the published article.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">549-558</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Erdemir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kandil İngeç, Ş.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORRELATION BETWEEN ENERGY METAPHOR AND EMPATHY TENDENCY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empathic disposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy metaphor creation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relationship identification</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653576.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Creating a metaphor for the concept of energy can contribute to the determination of the mental structuring of the concept of energy. Pre-service teachers' metaphors about the concept of energy were classified according to traditional and scientific fields. The metaphors produced by the mathematics and science teacher candidates for the concept of energy consisted of structural and abstract concepts, approximately 60% of them were the continuity of life and 40% were science categories. While pre-service mathematics teachers mainly produce metaphors for biology, pre-service science teachers produce metaphors mainly for physics. Empathic tendency scores and levels of pre-service teachers were determined. Pre-service teachers have a high level of empathic disposition and predominantly see the other person's problem and emotion as their own. There was no quantitatively significant difference between traditional metaphor types and empathic tendencies. It is understood that the pre-service teachers have high empathic tendencies, and mostly in the sen stage, the concepts related to the continuity of life are primarily used in developing metaphors related to the concept of energy, and they tend to produce structural metaphors. Metaphor and empathy will contribute to the determination of mental models and the establishment of a connection between the fields of science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">813-832</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693507251.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 4, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">561-562</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687107523.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">373-374</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653050.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 5, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">741-742</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681285985.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185-186</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676960019.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728220.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 6, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">949-950</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonca Keçeci</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINING PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS' UNDERSTANDING ABOUT STEM EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM understanding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653649.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education is included in education programs by many countries on a global scale. Pre-service teachers are also expected to apply STEM education in their future classrooms. The aim of the research was to determine how pre-service science teachers perceived STEM education, whether they adopted it or not, whether they thought of themselves as sufficient, and the environment and situations that affected their STEM experience. The understanding of the pre-service science teachers was tried to be determined before the theoretical STEM education, after the theoretical education and after the STEM application. The study group of the research consisted of a total of 66 pre-service teachers. Content analysis results of the interviews were carried out in three stages. It was found that there was no single STEM definition that pre-service science teachers agreed on. The training provided increased the STEM competency levels of pre-service science teachers. However, the majority of pre-service science teachers defined themselves as having intermediate competence in STEM education. Pre-service teachers adopt STEM education and believe that it will contribute to students. Pre-service science teachers had the most difficulty in disciplinary integration during the STEM theory and practice education. The most preferred model after both theoretical knowledge and application was the problem-based STEM model. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">833-850</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sinem Yalgin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kemal Akkan Batman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mert Bastas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING AN ATTITUDE SCALE TOWARDS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSES: A STUDY OF VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude toward science and technology courses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology lesson</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693507893.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education in primary school is critical for establishing a comprehensive understanding of the nature of science. Students with positive attitudes towards science courses are more likely to achieve academic success. Measuring and fostering positive attitudes is essential for effective instructional planning. This study aimed to develop a measurable scale to assess the attitudes of fourth-grade elementary school students in Northern Cyprus towards Science and Technology Courses (STC). While developing the Student Science and Technology Attitude Scale (SSTAS), the literature was reviewed, and 168 students were asked to write essays about STC. A pool of attitude items was created by analyzing the literature and essays, and expert opinions were sought. The preliminary scale was prepared based on expert consultation. The study group included 651 randomly selected fourth-grade students during the 2020-2021 academic year. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted to determine SSTAS's construct validity. The results indicated that the scale is valid and reliable, comprising three dimensions. The first dimension measures students' attitudes towards the teaching process, with 13 items. The second dimension assesses students' negative attitudes, including five items. The third dimension evaluates students' attitudes towards experiments, containing five items.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">641-652</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yating Zeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaohui Chi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuhao Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiaosong Zhuang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING AND VALIDATING AN INSTRUMENT TO ASSESS NINTH-GRADE STUDENTS’ ONLINE METACOGNITIVE SKILLS IN SOLVING CHEMISTRY PROBLEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment instrument</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch Measurement Model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687108540.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Online metacognitive skills are the real-time awareness of cognition, which can effectively promote science learning and improve performance in solving scientific problems. Therefore, it is important to enhance and diagnose students’ online metacognitive skills in science education. This study aimed to evaluate ninth-grade students’ online metacognitive skills while processing chemistry problems. To achieve this goal, this study constructed a framework for guiding the development of an instrument comprising 12 two-tier items. A total of 258 ninth graders took part in the field testing in Jiangsu, China. A partial credit Rasch model analysis was employed to inform instrument development and evaluation. The results revealed that this instrument was valid and reliable for assessing students’ online metacognitive skills. Nearly 70% of the ninth-grade students in this sample were able to monitor their own thought processes or evaluate their own cognitive performance in processing chemistry problems. About one-third of the students could regulate their thought processes. However, less than 4% of the students could make attributions about their cognitive performance.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">520-537</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo   Bussotti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A DIDACTIC UNIT ON MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION: THE PRINCIPLE OF MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational importance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematical induction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676960178.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Among the mathematical methods which are taught in the last years of almost every high school, the mathematical induction deserves particular attention. It can be used both to define mathematical entities and to prove theorems. The second use is more common at high school level and is easier. Thus, I will basically focus on it, though analysing in depth two definitions by induction. The aim of this contribution is to offer the basic elements for a didact unit which could be developed in six/seven hours of lesson. 
In this editorial a didactic unit has been proposed. Here only the basic elements have been given. The unit might be enriched by tracing the history of the inductive principle, which is interesting and formative from an educational standpoint (see, e.g., Palladino-Bussotti 2002). From an epistemological-methodological perspective, it should be pointed out that mathematical induction is a method of proof, but not a method of discovery. It is not a heuristic procedure. The presentation of an organised set of lessons on the principle of mathematical induction is significant and appropriate in the last years of high school because: 1) it introduces the learners within a method typical of whole numbers; 2) it connects mathematical issues with logical ones; 3) it is useful in order to clarify the difference between the way of reasoning connoting mathematic and that typical of empirical sciences. Hence, it is also useful in a science education context; 4) it can be related to the history of mathematics, so as to show that mathematics is also a humanistic discipline, born from conceptual problems, and not only a technical one; 5) it has also connection with epistemological themes linked to the heuristic of mathematics.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-9</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ömer Acar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeynep Azaklı</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF ONLINE ARGUMENTATION AND REFLECTIVE THINKING-BASED SCIENCE TEACHING ON SIXTH GRADERS’ COGNITIVE ABILITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemic cognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">logical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reflective thinking</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681286294.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of online argumentation and reflective thinking-based science teaching on sixth-grade students’ epistemic cognition, metacognition, and logical thinking was explored in this study. The research was carried out in the 2020-2021 academic year when all teaching was online due to Covid-19. Students in the study sample were mostly from middle-class families. Students were divided into two groups for one semester; one received online argumentation and reflective thinking-based science teaching (experimental group) whereas the other received only online science teaching (control group). The exploratory factor analyses yielded two factors for epistemic cognition and metacognition questionnaires whereas the logical thinking test was found to be unidimensional. According to the results, experimental group students scored higher than control group students in post-test regulation of cognition and logical thinking. In addition, the experimental group developed knowledge of cognition, regulation of cognition, and logical thinking during the intervention. Although the experimental group scored higher than the control group on the set of post-test epistemic cognition factors, this significance did not appear amongst individual factors. As for the implications of this study, elements of distance learning that may have contributed to the development of students’ cognitive abilities were discussed. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">192-203</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jung-Ho Byeon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yong-Ju Kwon</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF OUTDOOR INQUIRY PROGRAM FOR LEARNING BIOLOGY USING DIGITAL TWIN TECHNOLOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">affective domain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital twin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outdoor inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school garden</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual world</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653427.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The outdoor inquiry has a significant meaning in learning biology, but it has a problem that is difficult to be frequently implemented in the school garden due to causes. On the other hand, alternative activities using the virtual world have been proposed, but due to a lack of reality and passive use, the continuity of the activities is low, and there are doubts about the effect on the affective domain. Therefore, this study developed a class program in which students directly construct a virtual world and explore living organisms using the digital twin platform. Also, researchers checked the changes in students' affective domain according to the application of the learning program. A teaching and learning strategy for learning biology was composed through the review of research and statistical analysis performed changes of the affective domain. The experimental group changed more positively than the control group in the affective domain of learning biology due to replicating the school garden so that living organisms can be explored indoors and outdoors. Consequently, class programs for learning biology can positively affect the learner's affective domain when it is provided with improved realism by digital twin, self-directedness, and autonomy to compare real space and object.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">781-798</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fauziah Sulaiman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosales JR., J. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee Jae Kyung</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTEGRATED STEM-PBL PHYSICS MODULE ON STUDENTS’ INTEREST, SENSE-MAKING AND EFFORT </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classical mechanics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integrated STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">personal interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics module</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sense-making and effort</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676961125.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Issues like why students felt far from physics and did not choose physics as their prime learning option are familiar in education. This paper aims to study the effectiveness of the STEM-Project-Based learning module in physics on students' personal interest and sense-making and effort. This research used the quasi-experimental model, employing a two-group pre-survey-post-survey design. Quantitative data were collected using the Colorado Learning Attitude about Science Survey (CLASS) instrument at two selected schools in Sabah, Malaysia, and Seoul, Korea. The sample size was 88 Form 4 students in Malaysia and 66 second-year high school students in Korea who learned classical mechanics. The students were divided into two groups, respectively, i.e., the experimental group (Malaysia=44, Korea=33) and the control group (Malaysia=44, Korea=33). Participants in the experimental group were intervened with the integrated STEM-PBL physics module, whilst participants in the control group learned physics through a conventional approach for eight weeks. Participants in both groups were then administered a pre-survey before and post-survey after the intervention. This research showed that the integrated STEM-PBL physics module significantly improved students' personal interest, and sense-making and effort after the intervention. The paper also highlighted the research's implications and suggestions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113-129</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branka Radulović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marina Dorocki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olić Ninković, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maja Stojanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jasna Adamov</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF BLENDED LEARNING APPROACH ON STUDENT MOTIVATION FOR LEARNING PHYSICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">blended learning approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student motivation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676960753.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The topic of Direct current is one of the areas where the physics students' lack of deep understanding was identified. The aim of the research was to examine the effect of the blended learning approach on students' motivation for learning physics. The sample included 128 upper-secondary school students from Novi Sad (Serbia) with an average age of 16. Of these, 64 students made up the experimental group and 64 students made up the control group. In the control group, the students did not actively participate in simulated experiments, and in the experimental group learning was realized through the application of the blended learning approach (BLA), since the students had an active role in conducting simulations themselves. The obtained results showed that BLA contributes to the overall motivation for learning physics, as well as self-efficacy and physics learning value. Also, an increase in motivation was observed in two dimensions of motivation among female students in the experimental group. The implementation of BLA caused a significant increase in the motivation of students with lower achievement. Therefore, the main recommendation, based on the obtained research results, would be for teachers to apply BLA to a greater extent because it contributes to student motivation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73-82</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Chen Chiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Chieh Liu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF EXTENDED REALITY TECHNOLOGIES IN STEM EDUCATION ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING RESPONSE AND PERFORMANCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extended reality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693507482.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education is a crucial learning area to understand important concepts and gain 21st-century skills in different disciplines, explore scientific knowledge, and solve problems in daily life. However, research in STEM education is scarce on extended reality technologies. This research examined the effects of extended reality integrated STEM on students’ learning response and performance. A quasi-experimental research design was used to find answers to the research questions. The same lecture taught the experimental and control groups but preceded STEM experimental activities at a different time and with distinct instructional strategies and teaching aids. The participants were students in two classes at a university in Taiwan. The research results showed that students in the experimental group applying extended reality-integrated STEM had better learning responses than students in the control group using teaching materials. The results also showed that students in the experimental group learning with an extended reality system could apply the STEM curriculum knowledge acquired in classes and reflect the learning outcomes on the test assessment for better learning performance than students in the control group. In addition, the results revealed that good learning responses could enhance students’ higher learning performance. In light of the results, educational implications are made. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">568-578</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hana Choi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ilho Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seongun Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF LEARNER-CENTERED INTERVENTIONS IN SCIENCE LEARNING: COMPARING EYE MOVEMENT IN EYE MOVEMENT MODELING EXAMPLES AND PROMPTING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eye movement modeling examples</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learner-oriented intervention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Korea</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693507559.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An integrated understanding of illustrations and texts is crucial for students to comprehend science teaching learning materials. Intervention methods can be employed to facilitate this integrated understanding. This study examined the effects of Eye Movement Modeling Examples (EMME) and Prompting interventions on the learning of illustrated scientific texts among primary school students. Furthermore, the study compared the reading strategies and learning comprehension of fifth-grade students who utilized EMME, an approach that facilitates learning through observational methods, with those who used Prompting, a method that directly guides learning through linguistic information. The study analysis revealed that EMME had a significantly greater effect on integrated reading strategies and learning comprehension compared with Prompting. Specifically, the EMME group exhibited an integrated reading strategy that involved relating the illustrations and texts, whereas the Prompting group and the control group did not demonstrate the same strategy. In addition, the post-test results indicated that the EMME group achieved higher average scores in verbal and pictorial factors compared with the other two groups.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">579-599</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarice Wider</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walton Wider</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF METACOGNITIVE SKILLS ON PHYSICS PROBLEM -SOLVING SKILLS AMONG FORM FOUR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malaysia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics problem-solving skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681287769.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A number of studies have demonstrated a connection between metacognition and the ability to solve problems. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of metacognitive skills on Physics problem-solving skills among Form Four secondary school students in Sabah, Malaysia. This study included 248 students from 13 secondary schools in the Kota Kinabalu district. Physics Problem Solving Skills Test and the Metacognitive Skills Questionnaire were used as research instruments. The research found that Form Four students have high monitoring, regulation, and evaluation as measured aspects of metacognitive skills. Meanwhile, students' Physics problem-solving skills for &quot;understanding the problem&quot; and &quot;devising a plan&quot; are moderate, while &quot;carrying out the plan&quot; is good and &quot;looking back at the solution&quot; is low. The independent sample t-test reported that, in general, male students have better Physics problem-solving skills than females but found no gender differences in metacognitive skills. Furthermore, the linear multiple regression results revealed that monitoring and regulation skills are significant predictors of Physics problem-solving skills. This research helps school teachers better design teaching strategies in Physics, considering the student’s gender and metacognitive skills. Furthermore, this study provides secondary school students with learning insights for developing better techniques to improve their performance in Physics. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">357-369</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cajethan U. Ugwuoke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emmanuel A. Babajide</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lilian U. Ekenta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Godwin E. Eze</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clara U. Nwankwo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florence O. Ifeanyieze</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christiana U. Nwachukwu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF MULTIMEDIA APPLICATION ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agricultural science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed method design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimedia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching and learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702729233.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The performance of agricultural science students is consistently low as seen in their external examinations. This could be attributed to the poor teaching methods, materials and techniques applied in teaching the subject. This study determined the multimedia application effects on the academic achievement of Agricultural science students. It adopted a mixed-method design. All the students and teachers of Agricultural science in secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria formed the population but six schools with 583 students and teachers of agriculture formed the sample. Students’ Academic Achievement Test in Agricultural Science (SAATAS) and Convenience Teaching Method Questionnaire (CTMQ) were used to collect data. Mean, ANCOVA and Friedman's test were used for data analyses. Results indicated that students instructed using multimedia significantly performed higher than the students instructed using the conventional teaching method. The performance of males was not different from that of the females. The interaction between the teaching media and gender had a non-significant effect on the academic achievement of students. Moreover, teachers adopted note-taking, lecture, demonstration and project methods but did not use multimedia in teaching. Teachers of agriculture accepted that inconsistent power supply, poor network connectivity, and non-availability of computers, among others, were the problems hindering them from using multimedia in teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1074-1088</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jamilah Ahmad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUES APPROACH WITH THINKING WHEEL MAPS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL SCIENCE THINKING AMONG FIFTH GRADERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">entrepreneurial science thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fifth graders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socioscientific issues approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thinking wheel map</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676961022.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was conducted to examine the effects of the socioscientific issue approach (SSI) with thinking wheel map (TM) on entrepreneurial science thinking (EST) and the constructs of Observation, New Ideas, Innovation, Creativity, and Value. A teaching and learning (TL) module was developed to guide teachers in implementing the infusion of SSI with TM TL approach on EST among fifth graders.  Quasi-experimental quantitative research was conducted on 345 fifth graders in urban primary schools in Malaysia. A total of three TL groups were assigned randomly; namely, i) SSI-TM approach (n=115), ii) SSI (n=115) and iii) Conventional approach (CONV, n=115). The results of the MANCOVA analysis showed a significant effect across the three groups of TL approach for EST. Meanwhile, the ANCOVA analysis results showed a significant effect of the SSI-TM TL approach compared to SSI and CONV on EST and in all constructs of EST. The SSI-TM TL approach showed a higher post-test mean score than the SSI, and then the SSI post-test mean score was significantly higher than the CONV in all constructs studied except the Observation. The findings prove that the SSI-TM TL approach positively impacts the cultivation of EST among fifth graders.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100-112</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681287946.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">370-372</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676961453.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">182-184</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697654182.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 5, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">945-948</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702729526.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 6, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1137-1140</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687109052.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">559-560</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693508346.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 22, No. 4, 2023
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">737-740</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markóczi Revák, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virág Fehér</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">János Máth</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENERGY AWARENESS EDUCATION APPEARING IN NATURAL SCIENCES TEXTBOOKS FROM GRADE 1 TO 12</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science textbooks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687108268.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">At the time of the current global energy crisis energy awareness education in school is increasingly important. Textbooks directly helping and influencing learning play an important role in this, especially in the case of natural sciences. Thus, the aim of this research was to show how science textbooks help to educate energy awareness (EA). Regarding this, 67 Hungarian science textbooks were analysed using a quantitative textbook analysis from grade 1 to 12. When studying the knowledge on EA, the occurrence of the key concepts related to EA included in the National Core Curriculum (2020) was examined according to content, pedagogical and structural dimensions. According to the results, the most common key concepts were renewable energy, and energy saving, while the least common was the concept of energy crisis. The textbooks studied increasingly communicate key concepts in the form of definitions in the main textbook text at the level of information, moving towards the upper grades, and paying less attention to the attitude-forming elements. There are few tasks that require the application of knowledge about EA, especially those that also develop digital competence. In this form, the textbooks studied are less suited to developing an attitude toward EA, which does not help in making the right decisions in relation to EA.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">470-492</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anthony Bwalya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marcellin Rutegwa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorothy Tukahabwa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thumah Mapulanga</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING PRE-SERVICE BIOLOGY TEACHERS’ TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE THROUGH A TPACK-BASED TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micro-teaching lesson study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service biology teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology integration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TPACK</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728572.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effective use of technology in teaching can aid in enhancing the teaching and learning of a subject matter. This study aimed to enhance the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) of five pre-service biology teachers (PSBTs) by implementing a TPACK-Instructional Design (TPACK-ID) model-based technology integration course at a Zambian public university. An explanatory case study design was used. Data sources for the study included semi-structured interviews , video lesson recordings, lesson plan reports and PSBTs’ reflection notes. Data from interviews and reflection notes were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis while a TPACK rubric was used to simultaneously analyze lesson plan reports and video lesson recordings. The findings indicated that the TPACK-ID model-based technology integration course improved PSBTs’ overall TPACK and sub-knowledge domains: pedagogical knowledge, technology knowledge, technological content knowledge, and technological pedagogical knowledge. The study recommends implementing context-based technology integration courses in teacher preparation programs to enhance pre-service teachers’ TPACK. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">956-973</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Allan A. Bahtaji</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE PHYSICS CONCEPTIONS, SCIENCE ENGAGEMENT AND MISCONCEPTIONS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN STEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science engagement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676960251.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exploring students’ physics conceptions, science engagement and misconceptions in physics together with their association to certain variables (gender, educational background, and program of study) are essential in improving physics teaching and learning. However, few studies have been conducted to explore these three measures and almost none among STEM undergraduate students in the domain of Newtonian mechanics. To explore these measures, the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and the Science Engagement Survey (SES) were administered to 281 STEM undergraduate students. Various statistical tools (ANOVA, t-test, correlations, etc.) have been utilized in the data analyses. The result revealed that gender and previous upper-secondary school strand have no significant effect on physics conceptions but have a significant effect on science engagement. The results also revealed a weak correlation between physics conceptions and science engagement, suggesting that interest becomes more effective when it was developed during the learning process. Finally, the results also revealed that more than 80% of the participants have a misunderstanding about the force direction of a thrown object, confirming that the dominant features of force and motion students have less conform to problems that involve non-contact force. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10-19</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tolga Saka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tufan Inaltekin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE TYPE AND QUALITY OF QUESTIONS ASKED BY A SCIENCE TEACHER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom observation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science questions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher questioning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676960881.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exploring science teachers' classroom assessment behaviors is a way to understand the professional knowledge competencies underlying effective teaching practices. One of the most important components of in-class assessments is teacher questions. However, studies examining teacher questions that provide support to accurately determine student learning and manage the lesson effectively are quite limited. This research presents a case study of a science teacher in Turkey regarding the question types and questioning proficiency in the teaching of 5th grade &quot;Measurement of Force and Friction&quot; and &quot;Matter and Change&quot;. The data have been collected through course observations. The study used an observation evaluation protocol to analyze the video recordings taken from the science teacher's lectures. The results of this study showed that about half of the questions that the science teacher has asked in his class remain at a partially appropriate and inappropriate level, and that the teacher mostly prefers questions that aim to evaluate real information and summarize what is important in his courses. These results point to the need for professional development on a teacher's questioning practices. Therefore, it can be said that those who plan professional development programs for science teachers should consider efforts to improve teacher questioning practices.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83-99</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruying Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaofeng Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SYSTEMS THINKING PERFORMANCE IN ECOLOGICAL ISSUES </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environment education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partial credit model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systems thinking</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653787.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exploring students’ systems thinking (ST) is essential in enhancing science learning, but existing studies have failed to understand students’ ST fully as it relates to ecological issues. This study aimed to fill the aforementioned literature gap by exploring lower-secondary school students’ ST regarding ecological issues. The Systems Thinking Test regarding Ecological Issues, which measures four ST skills (system organisation, behaviour, application, and evaluation), was administered to 1,092 lower-secondary school students. The results reveal low ST performance in ecological issues, with students finding it particularly difficult to identify interactions among components and understand system characteristics. Furthermore, most lacked reflective consciousness and consideration of the diverse dimensions of ecological issues, resulting in monocausal reasoning in system decision-making and evaluation. Comparatively, urban school students performed better than their rural counterparts; additionally, an item-level analysis revealed that climate warming was challenging for the students to understand. This study suggests that greater efforts should be made to address students’ drawbacks and that multi-perspectival teaching is necessary in the context of ecological issues. The addition of system decision-making and evaluation in assessments can enable a broader understanding of ST.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">865-880</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonas Kwadzo Kotoka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeanne Kriek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING PHYSICS TEACHERS’ TECHNOLOGICAL, PEDAGOGICAL AND CONTENT KNOWLEDGE AND THEIR LEARNERS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN ELECTRICITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electricity teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learner views</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher views</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681287391.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) framework was developed incorporating content, pedagogical and technological knowledge. Studies used TPACK constructs and reported on teachers’ TPACK and student learning, but none explored the correlation between teachers’ TPACK and the achievement of their learners. This research followed an exploratory correlational research design involving 1423 Grade 11 learners and their 42 Physics teachers in a South African district after electricity was taught. A self-report questionnaire may not truly measure teachers’ TPACK, therefore, learners’ perceptions of their teachers’ use of technology were explored. The correlation between the Physics teachers’ TPACK and the achievement of their learners in electricity was established. Four validated research instruments were used, namely, the Learner Electricity Achievement Test (LEAT), the Learner Confirmatory Questionnaire (LCQ), the Teachers’ Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge Questionnaire (T-TPACKQ) and the Learners’ Confirmation of the Teachers’ Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge Questionnaire (LC-T-TPACKQ). Findings indicate a statistically significant difference between teachers’ views of their TPACK and the views of their learners. The correlation between teachers’ TPACK and the achievement of their learners was not statistically significant. These results can influence the professional development of teachers in respect of the use of technology in teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">282-293</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nur Huda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eli Rohaeti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE MOTIVATION TO LEARN CHEMISTRY OF UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN INDONESIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry learning anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-sectional research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indonesian upper-secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693507707.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of motivation in chemistry learning has long been explored and has become an exciting research topic worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore whether gender, class and students' anxiety influenced the motivation to learn chemistry among upper-secondary school students in Indonesia. The Chemistry Motivation Questionnaire II and the Chemistry Anxiety Questionnaire were used to examine the influence of multiple predictors through multiple linear regression analysis tests. Participants in this study were 1,211 upper-secondary school students in Indonesia. This study proves that gender has a significant influence on students' motivation to study chemistry, with female students being more motivated to study chemistry than male students. Interesting research results can be seen in the anxiety variable anxiety, specifically in the chemistry learning anxiety aspect, which has a negative correlation with motivation to study chemistry. The regression model of the three factors revealed in this study accounts for 13.8% of the overall proportion of upper-secondary school students' motivation to study chemistry in Indonesia. The results of this study were corroborated using the interview transcript data with 10 students, who extracted several other predictors to influence motivation to study chemistry, including learning experience, learning environment, and digital literacy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">615-630</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Yakob</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ratih Permana Sari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molani Paulina Hasibuan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nahadi Nahadi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sjaeful Anwar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El Islami, R. A. Z.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE FEASIBILITY OF AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT THROUGH VIRTUAL LABORATORY LEARNING AND ITS EFFECT ON INCREASING STUDENTS' SCIENTIFIC PERFORMANCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">authentic assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expert validation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693763628.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the virtual laboratory learning process, students' scientific abilities in solving a problem are very important to explore. This study aims to develop classroom-based authentic assessment instruments through virtual laboratory learning in chemistry to see an increase in students' scientific performance. The research was conducted at a public high school in Langsa City with a sample of 11th-grade students Academic Year 2021/2022, the utilized subjects being a total of 118 students taken based on purposive sampling. The research data are needs analysis through interviews with chemistry teachers who have implemented technology-based learning, analyzing the feasibility of instruments through expert validation questionnaires before the learning process, and scientific performance through learning observation sheets during the learning process. The increase in students' scientific performance data was then analyzed using the N-Gain formula and t-test to see the difference in improvement after the authentic assessment was applied. The results show that authentic assessment is feasible to use an increase in students' scientific performance. From the small-scale test, the students' scientific performance was a high category and there is a significant difference in improvement. The use of authentic assessment through virtual laboratories is expected to provide active learning solutions to improve student learning outcomes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">631-640</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tan-I Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shih-Kai Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hung-Chang Chung</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GAMIFIED EDUCATIONAL ROBOTS LEAD AN INCREASE IN MOTIVATION AND CREATIVITY IN STEM EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational robot</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gamification in STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM curriculum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687108025.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The combination of education and robots is becoming an increasingly important issue. Although researchers have conducted some studies on educational robotics in STEM education at the undergraduate level, no research examined the effects of gamified educational robotics on participants’ motivation and creativity. Therefore, this study examines the effects of gamified educational robots on participants’ learning motivation and creativity in STEM. A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. A total of 108 students from two classes enrolled in the information technology course were involved as participants. Learning motivation and creativity scales were used to collect data. The participants were introduced to a gamified educational robot as the course objective, learning content, and game mechanism to increase motivation and help students solve problems. In contrast, students in the control group received conventional instruction consisting of group discussions and lectures. Activities in both groups were held for eighteen weeks in three phases. The results showed that gamified educational robots could enhance learning motivation and positively influence learners' creativity. The results also indicate that learning motivation has significant effects on creativity, and students with high motivation perform better in terms of creativity. The results strengthen interdisciplinary STEM teaching and promote students' learning outcomes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">427-438</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lim, S.-M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngshin Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENDER DIFFERENCES IN EXPERIENCES OF 6TH-GRADE STUDENTS INQUIRY ACTIVITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">external experience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender difference</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry stage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">internal experience</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653866.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Each student's individual experience in learning is very important. Lower secondary school students are engaged in activities that focus on inquiry rather than the acquisition of scientific knowledge in science classrooms. Therefore, the experiences and thoughts of lower secondary school students in the stage of scientific inquiry need to be analyzed. To this end, the internal and external experiences of students in the stages of observation, variable control, and conclusion drawing were analyzed through candle-burning experiments. Seventy-seven 6th-grade students were used as participants. The main activities; main actions; main thoughts; and contribution of actions, consciousness, and emotions were analyzed. No differences were observed in the external and internal experiences of male and female students in each stage of the inquiry activities. There were many cases in which other activities related to the inquiry were carried out in addition to the activities that were mainly performed at the corresponding stage. About 1/4 of the participants had internal experiences unrelated to inquiry. The results showed that interaction needs to be increased by including the variable control stage in the inquiry activities. Given that there were no differences in the external and internal experiences of male and female students, equal inquiry activities without gender discrimination can be achieved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">881-899</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Coştu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIFTED STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE ON ALGORITHMIC, CONCEPTUAL, AND GRAPHICAL QUESTIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">algorithmic understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gifted students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">graphical understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693507629.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Several studies compared three different types of questions (conceptual, algorithmic, and graphical) across various topics, however, few focused specifically on gifted students. This study addressed this gap. The aim of the study, hence, was to determine whether there were notable differences in gifted students’ performance in the three types of tests. The study involved 115 gifted students aged between 17 and 18 years old. They responded to the three different tests including 10 test items in each with the same content. Significant differences were observed in their performances between the conceptual versus algorithmic in favour of the conceptual test, the conceptual versus graphical in favour of the conceptual test, and the algorithmic versus graphical in favour of the algorithmic test. Moreover, the statistical analysis results revealed that the students performed markedly poorer performance on the graphical test in comparison to both the algorithmic and conceptual tests. These results suggest the need to enhance students' graphical skills to facilitate a better understanding of physics concepts. Proper steps should be taken to improve their proficiency in interpreting and analysing graphical representations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">600-614</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SCIENCE WORKS </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ChatGPT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific advice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">supernatural explanations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728485.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Socrates onwards, the Greek cultural life began to take shape, and the whole nature of philosophical and scientific thought also began to change. From the natural sciences, interest shifted towards man and his societal role. Starting with the Sophists, a critical look at the surviving myths became pivotal at the time. Even if humans are still unable to get answers to all the riddles of nature, for which, among other things, mythology offers supernatural explanations, we (as human beings) do realize that we are only human. And humans need to learn to live together in different forms of social life. The Sophists were interested in man and his place in society. Socrates used conversations and tried to help his interlocutors generate valid reasoning and knowledge. According to him, proper knowledge must arise inside the individual, which is today's constructivist approach; no one can instill knowledge in the individual from the outside. Only knowledge that comes from within is true understanding. Socrates also wanted to find a solid basis for human knowledge. He believed he had found it in human reason. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">952-955</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AT AN EARLY AGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interaction with nature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693507387.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is no doubt that environmental education at an early age is significant for human development. When we refer to an early age, we mean the preschool and the primary stage of education (preschool education institution and primary school). It is obvious that the foundations of personality are formed at this stage, primarily a positive attitude towards nature and the surrounding world. At this stage, the child begins to distinguish himself from the environment, an emotional and value attitude towards the environment, nature, himself, and other people, etc., is formed. On the other hand, knowledge corresponding to a certain age of a personality (e.g., ecological), norms and rules of interaction with nature are required, on the other hand, it is extremely important to develop empathy for nature through various activities (e.g., actively solving certain environmental problems). It can be reasonably stated that the formation of values, nature cognition and a sustainable lifestyle are three essential factors determining (describing) the importance of environmental education. Thus, environmental education at an early age not only helps to develop environmental awareness but also promotes abilities and the attitude, which can determine a sustainable and responsible lifestyle in the future. From this point of view, the continuity and sustainability of this education is extremely significant. Environmental education in primary school can have a long-term effect on children’s moral and worldview behaviour and contribute to sustainable development and global well-being. The period of primary education is a suitable and favourable environment for the formation of children’s positive and rational attitude towards the environment, promoting environmental awareness and developing a sustainable lifestyle. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">564-567</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Zou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xinyu Xue</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lizhen Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiao Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanbing Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION OF BUOYANCY THROUGH ENHANCING THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF BUOYANCY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual framework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge integration of buoyancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific concept understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the nature of buoyancy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702729488.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years, developing students’ knowledge integration of specific topics through effective teaching methods has been a concern in science education. This study explored an alternative teaching method, which aims to help lower secondary school students develop their knowledge structure about buoyancy towards a logically integrated conceptual framework through enhancing their understanding of the nature of buoyancy. Specifically, this study constructed a conceptual framework on buoyancy and a set of matching test questions to map out the three levels of knowledge integration of students, and designed and implemented a teaching experiment of promoting students’ understanding of the nature of buoyancy. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, it was found that the knowledge integration development of the treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group. The results indicated that enhancing students’ understanding of the nature of buoyancy can effectively improve their knowledge integration of buoyancy. Accordingly, improving knowledge integration through enhancing students’ understanding of the nature of the specific scientific concept may be a new direction for future research.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1120-1136</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şenel Çoruhlu, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muammer Çalık</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Er Nas, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Büşra Bilgin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS OF STUDENTS WITH MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mild intellectual disabilities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681287618.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relevant literature has an unexplored question on how prediction-observation-explanation (POE) worksheets affect science process skills of students with mild intellectual disabilities (SMID). Therefore, this research aimed to examine the effect of POE worksheets developed for the “matter and its nature” subject on SMID’s science process skills. Through pre-experimental research design, 12 fifth grade SMID participated in the research. To collect data, the researchers used science process skills development forms and rubrics to score their observations. During the teaching intervention, SMID implemented three POE worksheets, which included buzz 22 technique in the ‘prediction’ stage, hands-on experiments and QR codes in the ‘observation’ stage and snowball, learning gallery or card showing techniques in the ‘evaluation’ stage. The results indicated that the POE worksheets are effective at developing SMID’s science process skills of the &quot;matter and its nature&quot; subject. This research recommends that future comparative research should unveil how the POE worksheets with/without active learning techniques impact the SMID’s SPS.   </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">323-336</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thumah Mapulanga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yaw Ameyaw</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gilbert Nshogoza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elton Sinyangwe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY TEACHERS’ TOPIC-SPECIFIC PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE: EVIDENCE FROM LESSON STUDIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">enacted pedagogical content knowledge (ePCK)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lesson study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">respiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">topic-specific pedagogical content knowledge (TSPCK)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676960436.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) influences the teaching-learning process, it has dominated research on teacher effectiveness. This case study explored teachers’ enacted topic-specific PCK (TSPCK) during the biology lesson study stages: planning, teaching, and reflecting. The enacted TSPCK in two video-recorded research lessons was analysed qualitatively. The results showed that the teacher enacted both high-order and low-order pedagogical actions in the enactment of the TSPCK on eight themes, namely: teaching strategies, classroom interactions, representations, curricular saliency, conceptual teaching strategies, students’ prior knowledge and misconceptions, and what makes teaching or learning difficult. The results also show that the teachers’ collective planned TSPCK was more developed than their personal TSPCK, indicating that participation in the lesson study improved the teachers’ TSPCK. The study is important as it shows how teachers enact their personal and collective TSPCK in respiration. It also demonstrates the potential of lesson study to improve teachers’ PCK through collaborative planning and reflection on taught lessons. The study recommends using lesson study to improve teachers’ enacted TSPCK in respiration, and biology as a whole. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-36</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jianjun Sheng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peiyao Tian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daner Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanhua Fan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFLUENCE OF STEM VALUE PERCEPTION ON STEM CAREER PREFERENCES AMONG AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY UNDERGRADUATES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry undergraduates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM career preference</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM learning interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM value perceiving</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697654037.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Currently, nations grapple with a noticeable shortage of STEM talent, particularly within fields like agroforestry. The study applied the structural equation modelling and the mediation effect model to analyze the mechanisms through which STEM value perception influences STEM career preferences, as well as the roles played by STEM self-efficacy and STEM learning interest among 1,604 undergraduates majoring in agroforestry. The results revealed that students’ STEM value perception was found to directly and positively correlate with their STEM career preferences. STEM value perception also has an indirect impact on STEM career preferences by influencing STEM learning interest and STEM self-efficacy. Furthermore, STEM value perception plays a sequential mediation role in promoting STEM learning interest, STEM self-efficacy and STEM career preferences. Based on these findings, it is recommended that institutions bolster STEM career education for students majoring in agroforestry from the outset of their enrollment, enhancing students' professional awareness and identity, by addressing gaps in students' value perceptions of STEM education. Furthermore, efforts to improve students' interest in relevant courses and their confidence in learning these subjects can be beneficial. Ultimately, such initiatives can contribute to a more balanced development of students' STEM career preference.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">914-928</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peiyao Tian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daner Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruirui Han</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanhua Fan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEGRATING MICRO PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TO IMPROVE CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND CRUCIAL LEARNING SKILLS IN CHEMISTRY </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sodium bicarbonate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper-secondary schools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676961214.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active participation in project-based learning (PBL) could develop students` knowledge and crucial learning skills across various disciplines. However, the implementation of PBL in the K-12 classroom is usually impeded by the step-by-step PBL cycle. Micro project-based learning (MPBL), which advocates and adheres to the learning principles and mechanisms of PBL with constraining the learning cycle in shorter periods, has been considered as a lightweight alternative to PBL process. As an exploration, this study explored the impact of MPBL on the conceptual understanding of sodium bicarbonate and the crucial learning skills in chemistry class at upper-secondary schools. The quasi-experimental research was implemented for 125 students, with an experimental group receiving MPBL teaching and a control group receiving conventional teaching. In the study, data including knowledge tests, crucial learning skills survey, and student interview were collected and analysed. The results indicated that MPBL was effective in the development of students’ conceptual understanding and crucial learning skills (i.e., communication and collaboration, information integration, independent learning, and problem-solving). The study will inform the pedagogical innovation in chemistry education and teaching practices in chemistry class.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">130-152</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sufirman Arifin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEGRATION OF SOCIOSCIENTIFIC APPROACH AND DESIGN THINKING: AN ENTREPRENEURIAL CREATIVE THINKING MODULE FOR STEM EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">design thinking model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">entrepreneurial creative thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">module development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socioscientific issue approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653334.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study was conducted to i) ascertain the validity, reliability, and feasibility of a module based on the socioscientific issue approach and design thinking model (SIA-DT), and ii) assess its effects on the entrepreneurial creative thinking (ECT) in STEM education. The first phase of ECT module validation was conducted with the assistance of three expert evaluators and 32 students. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and the ECT test were used to collect data. The second phase consists of evaluation using a quasi-experimental design with a Pre-Post Test of Non-Equivalent Control Groups. A total of 64 Form Four students were divided into two groups: SIA-DT (n = 32) and control (n = 32). The ECT module has a high validity value and an acceptable Cronbach's alpha reliability of .92. The ECT Module's feasibility was substantiated by a mean score of 4.71. The results of the independent-sample t-test prove that there is a significant difference in the post-test for students in the SIA-DT group compared to the control group in ECT and five constructs of ECT. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the ECT Module is valid, reliable, and feasible in STEM education and that it is effective in enhancing students' ECT.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">767-780</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sare Asli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zinab Safi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abeer Shehadeh-Nasser</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avi Hofstein</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhamad Hugerat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNING STYLES OF A STORY ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY: THEIR EFFECT ON THE LEVEL OF QUESTIONING OF STUDENTS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">asking questions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science story</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">storytelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainability education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">text learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728842.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of stories in science education can make science more interesting and engaging, illustrate concepts, and provide opportunities for contextual and meaningful learning. Also, integrating a scientific story in which the sustainability goals are incorporated can lead to increasing students’ motivation to learn as well as improve and facilitate the learning process. Having children ask questions allows the educator to learn about the child's insights, views, level of interest, motivation for learning, and knowledge. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between science storytelling, questioning, and sustainability among elementary school students. It compares the levels of questioning among primary students who learned a sustainability story in segments versus those who learned the story in its entirety. A quantitative study was conducted involving 120 second graders from the Arab sector in Israel. The results revealed a significant difference in the two groups’ level of questions: the students in the experimental group, who learned the story in segments, asked higher-level questions than those in the control group. The study concluded that learning a scientific story in segments proved effective in enhancing primary students' questioning ability, and that there was a notable preference for this segmented storytelling approach over traditional whole unit learning methods.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1011-1024</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Márió Tibor Nagy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erzsébet Korom</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEASURING SCIENTIFIC REASONING OF FOURTH GRADERS: VALIDATION OF THE SCIENCE-K INVENTORY IN PAPER-BASED AND COMPUTER-BASED TESTING ENVIRONMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer-based testing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">paper-based testing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science-K Inventory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702729056.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nowadays, the assessment of student performance has become increasingly technology-based, a trend that can also be observed in the evaluation of scientific reasoning, with more and more of the formerly paper-based assessment tools moving into the digital space. The study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the paper-based and computer-based forms of the Science-K Inventory, which assesses children's scientific reasoning in three aspects: experimentation, data interpretation, and understanding of the nature of science. The pilot study involved 84 fourth-grade Hungarian students, with 39 students taking the paper-based test and 45 students taking the computer-based test. Rasch measurements and reliability tests have indicated that both the paper-based and computer-based test versions are equally valid for assessing the scientific reasoning skills of fourth graders. Students achieved high test scores in both mediums, and there were no significant differences between boys' and girls' scientific reasoning in either test type. The novelty of this research was that the Science-K Inventory had not yet been tested in a computer-based format. The results demonstrate that the Science-K Inventory can be effectively utilized in digital testing to provide teachers with rapid and valuable information for fostering the development of their students' scientific reasoning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1050-1062</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beniamin Abramczyk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Szymon Ławicki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weronika Pyter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agata Bluszcz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ignacy Piszczek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonatan Audycki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julia Pawłowska</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MICROBIOLOGICAL AWARENESS AMONG UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 VACCINATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards vaccinations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">infectious diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microbiological education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SARS-CoV-2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653260.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is evidence that education levels have an impact on people's attitudes toward vaccination. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to maximize vaccinations - one of the most efficient ways to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Young individuals play a major role in disease transmission due to their intense social life and frequent asymptomatic infections. In this study, a survey of upper secondary school students in Poland was conducted to assess their microbiological awareness depending on subjects that they studied on the extended level and COVID-19 vaccination willingness. Participants learning biology and chemistry on the extended level had significantly higher microbiological awareness. Clear proof of microbiological awareness's influence on vaccination willingness was not found. Although studying biology did not significantly influence students' willingness to be vaccinated, their place of residence did. Students from bigger cities were more willing to get vaccinated. These results show that while science education raises microbiological awareness among upper secondary school students, place of residence, likely through social pressure, is a more important factor influencing vaccination willingness. It is suggested that more effort should be put into educating society as a whole and encouraging vaccination particularly.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">749-766</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdou L. J. Jammeh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Claude Karegeya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savita Ladage</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MISCONCEPTIONS ON BASIC STOICHIOMETRY AMONG THE SELECTED ELEVENTH-GRADE STUDENTS IN THE URBAN REGIONS OF THE GAMBIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic stoichiometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical reactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pH values interpretation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ misconceptions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681286687.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study complements previous research on a case study of chemistry lesson plans design and teaching. It has been found that chemistry education in The Gambia has been challenged by ineffective lesson plans design and teaching, and laboratory resources. The consequences have been unsatisfactory learning outcomes. However, what could lead to unsatisfactory learning outcomes in chemistry if basic stoichiometry is considered challenging? This has led the present study to develop a survey research method to assess students' misconceptions on basic stoichiometry. Through a systematic random sampling technique, 285-grade eleventh students were selected. The topics covered in the study included interpreting the pH of common substances, balancing basic stoichiometric equations, and inferences of experimental results. Students’ responses to misconception survey questions were reviewed and analysed. The results indicated that students could be taught some basic principles of stoichiometry. Students who were challenged to correct inferences from experimental results need to develop their knowledge better. Accordingly, the study concluded that chemistry education can indicate the success of introducing basic stoichiometry, including referencing to the lower grades, rather than secondary grades. Nevertheless, what this study could recommend was to examine the possible source and cause of such misconceptions concerning basic stoichiometry reactions and balancing.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">254-268</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jihoon Kang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODERATING ROLE OF SCIENCE SELF-CONCEPT IN ELICITING STATE CURIOSITY WHEN CONFRONTING A VIOLATION OUTCOME</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">moderating effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROCESS macro</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science curiosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science self-concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">state curiosity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728920.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A higher science self-concept may be required to stimulate state curiosity in incongruent situations, but there is limited research on the connection between science self-concept and state curiosity. The purpose of this study is to examine whether science self-concept moderates the process of arousing students’ state curiosity when they encounter results that violate their expectations in science learning. To achieve this aim, 410 fifth- and sixth-grade primary school students (194 female) were asked to solve science questions, and students who faced results that deviated from their expectations were classified as the violation outcome group (experimental group), while those who faced results consistent with their expectations were classified as the expected outcome group (comparison group). Then, the moderating effect of science self-concept on the relationship between science curiosity and state curiosity arousal in these two groups was verified using PROCESS macro. Results showed that science curiosity significantly predicted state curiosity in both groups. Notably, science self-concept had a significant moderating effect on the process of arousing state curiosity in the violation outcome group, where higher science self-concept led to a greater increase in state curiosity after confirming the correct answer. However, in the expected outcome group, the moderating effect of science self-concept was not significant. The implications of these findings for science education and potential directions for future research are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1025-1037</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leonard Molefe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aubin, J.-B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A NEXUS OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS, SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ VIEWS CONCERNING MANGROVES FIELDWORK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific investigations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development goals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693508121.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Initial teacher education should mould well-rounded teachers proficient in scientific investigations, and advocate sustainability amid global ecosystems’ degradation. The research sought to explore pre-service science teachers’ views concerning scientific investigations and sustainable development goals, and synergy between skills and different aspects of scientific inquiry within the context of the mangroves ecosystem studied. A four-part questionnaire was administered to 82 students registered for a Bachelor of Education degree. It included items on teachers’ confidence in planning and conducting scientific investigations, types of scientific investigations, sustainable development goals, science process skills and the different aspects of scientific inquiry. Statistical analysis of the data showed the importance of a constructivist approach, learner engagement and discerning and controlling variables when investigating scientific phenomena. However, only a fair number of teachers could correctly provide the scientific investigation they conducted during the mangroves study, the sustainable development goals embedded in it, and the synergy between science process skills and the aspects of scientific inquiry. The findings have implications for teacher education in terms of potential challenges in teachers’ understanding of scientific investigations, the synergy between them and sustainability, and science process skills that meld with the aspects of scientific inquiry.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">682-700</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yangyi Qian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yangqian Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jinju Wen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simin Wu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ONE HUNDRED CORE CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY AND UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ AND STUDENTS’ CHEMISTRY CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cluster analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">core concepts in chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multidimensional scaling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper-secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687108348.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A solid grasp of basic concepts and their relationships can stimulate learning motivation, improve teaching quality, and help students to build a body of knowledge in a discipline. Most of the previous studies have considered one chemistry topic amongst many others. To date, no studies have been conducted to explore the conceptual structures of teachers and students based on chemical concepts. Experts, teachers, and students (N=2348) from three public universities and ten upper-secondary schools in China participated in the studies. In Study 1, personal interviews, material evaluation, and importance rating questionnaires were conducted to determine the core concepts. In Study 2, the multidimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis (CA) were conducted to explore the conceptual structures of upper-secondary school teachers and students. Then the structural differences between high- and low-achieving students were compared. The results showed that the three-dimensional solutions were appropriate for the conceptual structures of teachers and students, respectively. The high-achieving students have a more scientific and organized conceptual structure than those of low-achieving students. This study is the first to explore core concepts and their structure with a large sample size, and the reliable results help students understand abstract chemical concepts and improve their interest in scientific disciplines in the future.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">493-505</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Paul Canuto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERCEPTIONS OF PRIMARY PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS IN THE UTILIZATION OF PLANT IDENTIFICATION APPS AS EDUCATIONAL TOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational tools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LeafSnap</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PictureThis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant identification apps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PlantNet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary pre-service teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653496.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant identification apps make learning about plants more convenient. This study explored the participants' perceptions of using three plant identification apps, PlantNet, PictureThis, and LeafSnap, as potential educational tools. Problems experienced, differences in perceptions, and the participants' most preferred apps were also determined. Through purposive sampling, the study engaged 162 primary pre-service teachers in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Philippines. Data were collected through a developed questionnaire and analysed quantitatively. The questionnaire was reliable with an identified single component for perception. Participants first explored and used the apps to identify local plants, thereafter, responding through an online questionnaire. Results showed that participants strongly perceived the apps as engaging, helpful in plant identification, easy to browse, providing details, effective as emerging tools, and significant for scientific literacy, except for consistency of results. There were significant differences, but with small effect sizes, indicating negligible differences in the perceptions of male and female participants regarding the apps' consistency of results and effectiveness. Weak internet connection was the primary issue affecting the apps' utilization. The pre-service teachers preferred LeafSnap over PictureThis and PlantNet. Conclusively, this study affirmed the potential of the apps for students learning about plants, further supporting their feasibility as emerging educational tools.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">799-812</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qiang-Wen Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Zhou Luo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYSICS TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY, INNOVATIVE TEACHING AND COMPREHENSIVE TEACHING APPROACH: LATENT PROFILE ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comprehensive teaching approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">innovative teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Latent Profile Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693508044.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics education aims to develop sophisticated thinking abilities and enhance conceptual depth, but student interest has decreased, emphasizing the importance of teacher quality in fostering success and positive attitudes. The aim of the study was to examine the physics teachers' self-efficacy, innovative teaching, and comprehensive teaching approach levels. As data collecting instruments, self-efficacy, innovative physics teaching, and comprehensive teaching approach scores were utilized. In the pilot research group, validity and reliability assessments were conducted on the scales. The primary research involved 241 physics teachers. As the measurement variables were constantly changeable, Latent Profile Analysis was utilized. The present study's results suggest that teachers have high self-perceptions in various dimensions related to teaching effectiveness, including self-efficacy, innovative teaching, and comprehensive teaching approach. These results are consistent with previous research that has shown a positive relationship between teacher self-perceptions and teaching effectiveness. Future research could explore the relationship between teacher self-perceptions and student achievement to better understand the impact of self-perceptions on student outcomes. Overall, the results of this study highlight the importance of supporting teachers' self-efficacy and providing opportunities for innovative teaching and professional development to improve comprehensive teaching approach.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">668-681</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rauno Neito</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elisa Vilhunen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaido Reivelt</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREDICTING SITUATIONAL INTEREST BY INDIVIDUAL INTEREST AND INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES IN PHYSICS LESSONS: AN EXPERIENCE SAMPLING APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experience sampling method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instructional activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">situational interest</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702729135.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enhancing interest in physics learning has been an important component of education policy and policy implementation for decades. However, in many countries, student interest in physics has not increased. The aim of this study was to predict situational interest using individual interest and the instructional activities students engaged in. Also, the suitability of the data collection approach to measure situational interest was assessed. A teaching module about real-world oscillations was implemented to 179 Estonian lower secondary school students. Data about situational interest were collected using the experience sampling method (ESM), which was measured three times during the module. The results indicated that gender, grade, and instructional activities did not predict situational interest. Individual interest was a significant predictor and correlation with situational interest increased with time, contrary to previous findings. The ESM approach used in this study was considered to be effective in disturbing students’ study flow minimally but may have affected the amount of missing data. This study contributes to the research done on student interest in a classroom setting by indicating a more complex relationship between situational and individual interest than previously suggested. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1063-1073</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilara Ucar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serkan Yilmaz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ E-LEARNING STYLES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">descriptive research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-learning styles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676961398.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-learning is becoming more popular than conventional teaching methods, particularly in science education. The use of e-learning has increased worldwide, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Today, students’ e-learning styles have gained even more importance. The participants of this survey, which aimed to examine e-learning styles for selected variables, consisted of 401 pre-service science teachers from two public universities in Turkey. The personal information form was used to obtain data on gender, university, personal computer ownership status, type of device used to connect to the internet, grade level, number of social network memberships, internet usage purpose, and duration of social media use. Another tool used in face-to-face data collection was the E-Learning Styles Scale (ESS). As a result of the analysis, it was understood that participants’ e-learning style scores were generally on the positive side. In terms of gender, grade level, and duration of social media use variables, there were statistically significant differences in the ESS and some of its sub-dimensions, while differences were found in only some sub-dimensions for the university variables, internet usage purpose, and number of social network memberships. Several suggestions were made in conjunction with the results of the descriptive and inferential analyses.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167-181</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Demkanin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RAISING QUALITY OF PHYSICS EDUCATION: CONTRIBUTION OF JBSE OVER THE PAST ISSUES </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general scientific culture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653188.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I have worked more than thirty years in physics education (as some of the readers of this journal), many years as a secondary school physics teacher in various curricula (as some of the readers), and more than 20 years at university doing research and preparing future physics teachers (as some or readers). I am also the author of a physics textbook for secondary education, and now I am working on a new one. Naturally, I would like to have the new textbook, like my other outputs, based on the current state of knowledge and well-developed and well-applied theories behind physics education. And here is the seed of the question - how does our journal contribute to raising the quality of our outputs – in my case, increasing the quality of physics education? I first look at the goals of physics education. Here, I use the most straightforward taxonomy of goals presented in (Demkanin 2013): goals related to attitudes of society to science, goals related to methods of science, and goals related to particular knowledge. The last one I split into two sub-goals – knowledge selected to develop methods and attitudes and knowledge selected to raise the quality of living and general scientific culture. Of course, the goals we can reach by means – by the methods of education – methods of teaching and learning. So, let's look at a few previous issues of JBSE and at the contributions having the potential to raise the quality of physics education. I have mentioned only some of the contributions I will probably use in the next few years. I tried to focus on physics education, not explicit chemistry or biology education, even if some of such articles could be fully relevant to my work. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">744-748</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lauri Kõlamets</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heili Kasuk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Holbrook</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rachel Mamlok-Naaman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELEVANCE OF LEARNING OUTCOMES INCLUDED IN ESTONIAN GRADE 7-9 SCIENCE SUBJECT CURRICULA ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning outcomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary science curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relevance in science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOLO taxonomy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693507974.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study on the Estonian lower secondary (7-9th grade) science curricula, is seen as an important framework for educators preparing students as tomorrow’s citizens able to reflect on sustainable energy development. As the curriculum is taken to be the major document allowing insights into Estonian educational standards, this study identifies components within the intended lower secondary science curricula for subjects of biology, chemistry, earth science, physics, and interdisciplinary science. Using document analysis, verbs associated with career-related learning outcomes are detected, allowing the relatedness of the energy conceptualizations and determination of their cognitive level utilizing SOLO (Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes) taxonomy. A team of coders identify a total of 782 learning outcomes across three learning domains: psychomotor (176), affective (32), cognitive (574) at unistructural (33), multistructural (225), relational (276), and extended abstract (40) levels. The majority of energy concept learning outcomes (274) are identified in the source (form) and transfer (transform) categories. Very few career-related learning outcomes are detected with the science education relevance dimensions (individual, societal, career). The suitability of the findings is discussed. The current analyzing method can be applied to other educational disciplines for raising awareness of disciplinary crosscutting concepts. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">653-667</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yulian Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weijun Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Xian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xianfeng Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiabin Huang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RESEARCH STATUS OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometric analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCOPUS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702729392.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although the number of publications on formative assessment in science education has long been high, there is no bibliometric analysis or scientific mapping in the literature to understand research trends in formative assessment research. This research aimed to examine the bibliometric results of articles on formative assessment in science education. Based on the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 94 articles were selected for analysis. The results show that between 2015-2016 and 2020-2022, the number of publications on formative assessment increased substantially. Among the top ten institutions that contributed to the research are three institutions from the United States. The results also show that the United States had the most publications. Analysis of the co-citations showed that the Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Science Education, and the International Journal of Science Education were cited more than 100 times. The three most cited studies were published in Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy, and Practice. The results show that the researcher used formative assessment, students, science education, teaching, education, engineering education, curricula, STEM, and e-learning in research on formative assessment. In light of the obtained results, practical suggestions for further studies are made in the conclusion. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1103-1119</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hye-Gyoung Yoon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insun Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESEARCH-BASED TEACHING: ANALYZING SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PROCESS OF UNDERSTANDING AND USING ACADEMIC PAPERS TO TEACH SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher’s learning process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching plan</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676960659.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Postulating that academic papers can positively impact the actual teaching practices of science teachers, this study analysed the process of understanding and utilising academic papers by science teachers to teach scientific creativity in their schools. The 45–hour graduate course of three science teachers was explored to identify the difficulties teachers encountered in trying to understand academic papers and to discover how to solve these difficulties. Second, which aspects should be considered when developing teaching materials for scientific creativity to be used in schools were analysed. A transformation model of an academic paper was proposed to understand this process, and the results were organised accordingly. According to this model, it was emphasized to translate academic papers from a general and abstract state to a local and concrete state. Therefore, the role of science educators as knowledge translators was discussed for more practical and effective use of academic papers in school. This study is expected to contribute to research-based teaching by linking academic research with teaching practice.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57-72</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maja Kerneža</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dejan Zemljak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS' APPROACH TO CONTEMPORARY ASSESSMENT WITH A READING LITERACY EMPHASIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher training</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653714.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In a sample of 1215 teachers, this study examined the readiness of science educators for assessment in the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence in education. Participants responded to an online questionnaire during the emergency remote teaching phase, offering insights into the frequency and nature of assessment methods utilized. The research draws a connection between assessment techniques during remote teaching and the emergence of AI in education. The results show that the selected assessment methods vary across teachers, with some specific differences observed in the assessment practices of science teachers. The study underscores the critical role of reading literacy in enhancing student engagement in contemporary learning environments. Moreover, the findings suggest that continuous professional development significantly improves the readiness of (science) teachers for AI-enhanced assessment. Drawing from these insights, recommendations for subsequent research are delineated. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">851-864</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sun Young Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alghamdi, A. K. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND SELF-EFFICACY IN SOUTH KOREA: GENDER DIFFERENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivist pedagogy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ metacognition</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681286935.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examined students’ perceptions of their science learning environment and how it relates to their metacognition and self-efficacy. An exploratory study (N=186 South Korean secondary science students from a large-city urban school) used two instruments: Outcomes-Based Education Learning Environment Questionnaire [OBLEQ]; Self-Efficacy and Metacognition Learning Inventory-Science [SEMLI-S]). Descriptive and inferential statistics revealed that that Korean students’ mean score of science learning environment was 2.98, representing male students scored highest on Involvement (M=3.24), while female students scored highest on Cooperation (M=3.00). In addition, regarding students’ perceptions on their self-efficacy and metacognition learning in science, the mean score of SEMLI-S was 3.16, with both male and female students’ highest score on Learning Risks Awareness (3.34 and 3.25 respectively). Further, the students’ perceptions on science learning environment predicted students’ metacognition and self-efficacy. The Investigation subscale, which emphasizes processes of inquiry, was the dominant predictive factor for both male and female students’ self-efficacy and metacognition. The subscale Involvement was the next best significant predictor of male students’ metacognitive orientation. Personal Relevance, Responsibility for Own Learning, and Differentiation filled that role for female students. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">269-281</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uladzimir Slabin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SHOULD EPONYMS BE KEPT? EMPHATIC YES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eponyms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific terminology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university courses</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681286211.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conducting research in science education, the authors of the Journal of Baltic Science Education surely remember eponyms in school subjects and university courses. Eponym is a term that includes the name of the person, who discovered a species (biology), explored a glacier (geography), synthesized a compound (chemistry), formulated a law (physics), invented a device (engineering), proved a theorem (mathematics), treated or suffered a disease (medicine), etc. Most chemists and chemistry teachers know, e.g., such eponyms as Avogadro number, Wurtz reaction, Mendeleev table, Liebig condenser, Claisen adapter, Berthollet salt, asf.
	Eponyms are a relatively new domain of scientific terminology: they first appeared in the 19th century, when the development of science and technology grew rapidly, and scientists decided to honor brilliant colleagues, attaching their names to the discoveries they made. Before this, scientists used words from national and Latin languages to name discovered phenomena.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">188-191</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bojana Simić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanes Mešić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nermin Đapo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Movre Šapić, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Vidak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amina Alić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nataša Erceg</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SIMULATION-BASED AND VIDEO-BASED APPROACHES TO DIVERSIFYING PHYSICS HOMEWORK </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulation-based homework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">video-based homework</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687108455.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics homework often boils down to solving end-of-chapter quantitative problems. For targeting different learning goals of physics education, different types of homework are needed. The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of simulation-based, video-based, and paper-and-pencil homework in developing an understanding about Newton’s laws and forming positive attitudes towards physics homework. 150 first-year students from the Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology at the University of Zagreb (Croatia) were randomly assigned to one of the three above-mentioned homework approaches. After, students had lectures and seminars on Newton’s laws, they were administered a pre-test. In the next three weeks, the students completed three homework assignments on Newton’s laws, after which they completed a post-test. For students from all three homework approaches a substantial improvement in conceptual understanding has been observed. Although the three approaches proved to be equally effective when it comes to developing understanding, the simulation-based approach was found to be superior when it comes to developing positive attitudes towards physics homework. If one controls for target knowledge, the modality of the homework assignment does not affect cognitive outcomes, but it does affect students’ attitudes towards homework.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">506-519</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rita Birzina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOME ISSUES CONCERNING THE USE OF DIDACTICS OF BIOLOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">civic engagement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research and digital skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687107653.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teaching biology is interesting and challenging, at the same time, it is also a dilemma because new and new advances are being made in biological science: biodiversity is changing - new species are being discovered while others are threatened with extinction, and unprecedented genetically modified organisms are being created. Teachers find it difficult to keep up with all the latest developments, especially in cell and molecular biology (Tunnicliffe &amp; Ueckert, 2007). Biology is a unique science that studies living things. The discipline of biology differs from other fields of science (e.g. physics and chemistry) in the breadth and complexity of its knowledge content and the interconnectedness of knowledge at many different levels (Wandersee et al., 2000). Regarding the use of different research methods, biology is also involved in exploring both the micro-world through microscopy, experimental work in the laboratory or in field studies of the macro-world.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">376-380</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascasie Nyirahabimana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evariste Minani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathias Nduwingoma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imelda Kemeza</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF MULTIMEDIA USAGE IN TEACHING AND LEARNING QUANTUM PHYSICS: POST-ASSESSMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lecture method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimedia-aided method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantum physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rwanda</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student perceptions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676960520.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The research on students’ perceptions after implementing a teaching style is recommended due to its potential to inform reformed education. The present study surveyed 319 students and revealed their perceptions of multimedia usage in teaching and learning quantum physics. Among these students, 156 were surveyed after learning quantum physics with a multimedia-aided method, while 163 were surveyed after learning with a lecture method. The piloting of the test used generated Cronbach alpha of .841 of internal consistency, and it contained quantitative Likert scale items and supporting qualitative items. The data were analyzed descriptively and inductively. Students taught by multimedia perceived quantum physics as easy, while those taught by lecture perceived it as difficult due to its abstractness and mathematics needs. Students preferred computer simulations, animations, and YouTube videos as interactive methods that fit quantum physics lessons. Students testified that a quantum physics course that uses visualization methods in some of its teachings is more interesting than a course taught without them. However, students in both classes concurred that their class was student-centered and full of demonstration. Recommendations related to teaching practices and future research foci were made.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-56</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jung-Ho Byeon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yong-Ju Kwon</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHER’S GAZE BLIND SPOT IN SCIENCE LECTURE CLASS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science class; science teacher; blind spot; eye tracking; gaze attention; teaching behavior</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687107941.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The teacher's gaze attention can trigger interaction with the student. So if the teacher fails to equal attention during class, students may be alienated from the interaction. According to this perspective, this study aimed to establish the pattern of the teacher's gaze during science lecture classes and whether the change of the gaze when the student's seat as an external factor changed. Eye tracking was conducted on six teachers during class, and the teacher's gaze fixation and movement were also analyzed after changing the student seat. According to the results, teachers mainly focused on the center of student seats, and the gaze blind spot was mainly biased forward. Even if the student's seat was changed, the gaze was focused on the center of the classroom, and the gaze blind spot differs within the individual, and the teacher tends to be unaware of it himself. Consequently, the teacher's gaze concentration pattern is generally similar, but the gaze blind spot varies depending on the teacher and can be affected by external factors. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system and retrain program for diagnosis and feedback of teachers' attention to provide proper and high-quality education to students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">413-426</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guanxue Shi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shanshan Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hualin Bi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE THINKING OF STUDENTS AGED 15-18 IN EXPLAINING THE DISSOLUTION PHENOMENON</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">causal reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">core ideas understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dissolution phenomenon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small-sample qualitative study</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681287686.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Explaining natural phenomena by determining causal relationships is conducive to understanding scientific concepts. In science education, numerous studies examine students' causal reasoning. Given the importance of core ideas for students’ understanding of how and why a phenomenon occurs, the study focused on the relationship between students' understanding of atoms/molecules interactions and the nature of reasoning. This study drew on a framework that identifies essential components of students' reasoning, which was used to analyze the dissolution phenomenon in the example of salt in water. Students in grades 9-12 (N=147) explained the dissolution of salt. The results showed that there were five types of reasoning: simple descriptive, fuzzy causal, linear causal, interactive causal, and mechanistic. More students in higher than lower grades exhibited non-causal reasoning. Based on the students' drawings of atoms/molecules interactions, the study summarized performance in the association category. Students’ performance in drawing indicated that their understanding of particle interactions was limited. The results showed that there was a large correlation between understanding of the core ideas and reasoning types. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">337-356</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emre Vadi Balcı</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özlem Duğan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TWENTY-TWO YEARS OF SCIENCE COMMUNICATION RESEARCH: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometrics analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">journal articles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research trends</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Web of Science (WoS)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687107857.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years, the number of academic studies in the field of science communication has increased. It is important to make a general examination of the studies on science communication and to reveal their distribution according to years and countries in order to draw the framework of science communication studies. The main aim of this study was to analyze the science communication-based articles published in journals in the Web of Science (WoS) index in the last 22 years. Within the scope of the study, articles were scanned by typing keywords such as &quot;topic&quot;, &quot;title&quot;, &quot;keywords&quot; science communication from the WoS database and 322 articles were examined by bibliometric analysis method. As a result of the study, the articles published between 2000 and 2022 were examined according to years, countries, funding organizations, research area, publishing houses, country scores and citations. According to the results, most articles were published in 2022(N = 58); USA, UK, Australia, Germany ranked first with the number of articles and SAGE (N = 74) ranked first in publisher distributions. This study offers a global perspective on science communication and proposes a vision for future research.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">393-412</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hong-wei Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wen-jie Ma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ling-min Yuan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TYPES OF QUALITY AND EQUAL SCIENCE EDUCATION SYSTEMS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUALITY IN EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disadvantaged students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational equity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">equality in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inequality in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687108116.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Some education systems have both quality and equality. They have achieved educational equity. This study aimed to uncover the practical wisdom of such systems in developing educational equality. A quantitative research design was used. Family capital and science achievement were the variables analyzed. They were secondary data collected by the 2018 PISA test. PISA surveyed students' family capital with questionnaires and measured students' science achievement with cognitive items. Six education systems with quality but low equality comprised the control group. Its sample size ranged from 4656 to 8312. The experiment group included nine quality and equal education systems, with sample sizes ranging from 3766 to 21490. The relative error and conditional probability were calculated to determine educational equality. Rawls' difference principle was used as a theoretical perspective. The findings showed that quality and equal education systems had three types: equal-start, equal-improvement, and egalitarian. The primary measure to improve equality in education is to ensure educational benefits for students in the bottom quartile of family capital. The development of educational equality was accompanied by a sustained reduction in the achievement gap between the disadvantaged and the advantaged. Implications for educational practice are discussed. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">439-453</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsai-Yun Mou</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS STEAM VIA A THEMATIC 3D DESIGN PROJECT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3D design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards STEAM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681287468.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The development of STEAM education has captured researchers’ attention due to its advantages for students’ learning and interest in related subjects, specifically in kindergarten to grade 12 (K-12) educational settings. However, there is limited research on the inclusion of STEAM in higher education, and what university students think as they are on the professional training track. This study aimed to examine university students’ attitudes towards STEAM via a 3D design project. Twenty-seven college students participated in this study. A questionnaire and focus group interviews were administered at the end of the course to uncover the students’ learning enjoyment, conceptions of STEAM learning, and intentions of STEAM future design/work involvement. The results show that the students enjoyed the 3D STEAM project regardless of their performance. High-performance students had higher conceptions of STEAM learning after the project. All of the students highly agreed that they could integrate interdisciplinary knowledge into their 3D designs. With regard to future intentions, they generally did not show an active attitude towards STEAM involvement. The students’ learning enjoyment in the STEAM project did not have a strong positive correlation with their future intentions. Findings from this study could offer inspiration for art-oriented courses that look for potential interdisciplinary integration and expression in STEAM.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">294-308</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gamze Alp</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coskun Onan, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING COMICS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: STUDENTS' SOLUTIONS AND AESTHETIC SUBTLETIES </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital comics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital story</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital storytelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681286476.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To constitute awareness of climate change, hearing the solutions of students in their words and seeing visual products by creating experiences in schools is vital. This case study was limited to sequential implementations of climate change in the natural sciences teaching process in 5th grade. After an education process on using Pixton, 12 students transformed their learning into digital comics. This research aimed to reveal the problems created by students through digital stories about climate change, solutions they suggested for climate problems, and aesthetic subtleties they applied to express themselves. Digital comics created by students, researcher notes, observations, and students’ view forms were used as data collection tools. Finally, vital solutions to problems such as global climate change, pollution, destruction of the natural environment, and extinction of living creatures were created by students during this case. Important solutions consisting of preventing global warming, making peace with nature, vital measures and efforts to protect the soil were suggested. Besides, interesting aesthetic subtleties such as storification, positioning of the characters, place preferences, expression of emotions, and time depiction were applied. Teachers can use comics to see students’ tendencies, raise awareness, encourage them, and help them develop solutions for current socio-scientific problems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215-231</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pingping Zhao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yueyang Shao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhi Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hao Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jian Liu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UTILIZATION OF PROCESS DATA IN CHINA: EXPLORING STUDENTS’ PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES IN COMPUTER-BASED SCIENCE ASSESSMENT FEATURING INTERACTIVE TASKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">China</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer-based assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">process data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific problem-solving</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697654133.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students’ problem-solving strategies and the differences among strategy groups were explored by analyzing the process data collected during student interactions with computer-based science items. Data were gathered from 1516 eleventh-grade students from 4 schools in China. Analyses of the sequences of students’ response actions revealed that the students were divided into four strategy groups when designing experiments to solve scientific problems: the scientific and rigorous strategy (18.5%), scientific and less rigorous strategy (25.4%), incomplete strategy (31.5%), and chaotic strategy (24.6%). The heatmaps of response actions for each strategy and the frequencies of the most representative response sequences were further explored to understand the students’ detailed trajectories. The results showed that successful problem solvers were generally inclined to explore all possibilities of experimental combinations and design experiments scientifically and rigorously based on the relevant scientific principles. Moreover, the timestamps of response actions were explored to show that the students who adopted the scientific and rigorous strategy spent more time seeking solutions, suggesting that students may need sufficient time to solve complex and authentic scientific problems. The findings enrich the literature on using process data to address theoretical issues in educational assessment and provide students with individualized instructional needs for teachers to improve students’ scientific problem-solving competency.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">929-944</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norah A. Algarni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nidhal Sh. Alahmad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VIEWS ON NATURE OF SCIENCE AND ATTITUDES TOWARD TEACHING NATURE OF SCIENCE AMONG CHEMISTRY STUDENTS IN SAUDI UNIVERSITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward teaching NOS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university chemistry students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">views on science and education (VOSE)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681286375.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding nature of science (NOS) is a fundamental goal in science education standards. Due to the role of specialised and educational teachers' preparation programmes in developing their NOS concepts, this study aims to identify views on NOS and attitudes toward teaching NOS among Saudi undergraduate chemistry students and the differences between them according to their academic level and university affiliation. Views on science and education questionnaire were distributed among chemistry students in eight universities. Results found inaccurate views regarding the differences between theories and laws, and that pertaining to well-trained scientists as being detached from personal, social, and cultural values. Half of the sample disagreed on inventing theories and laws and the diversity of Scientists' methods and also rejected teaching a variety of methods and the influence of personal beliefs on Scientists' observations. No significant differences among students' views by academic level or universities were found, except that second-level students have more informed views than fifth-level students, and the UHB and JU students' views were more informed than IMSIU students. The authors recommend developing those NOS concepts which students had shortcomings in the sequential teachers' preparation programmes and suggest recognising chemistry department faculty members' attitudes to developing students' NOS concepts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">204-214</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngshin Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yun-hye Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyonyong Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lim, S.-M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALIGNMENT OF CONCEPTS OF MEIOSIS AMONG CURRICULUM, TEXTBOOKS, CLASSROOM TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT IN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL IN REPUBLIC OF KOREA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concepts’ alignment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meiosis concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semantic network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652206452.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">If the concepts used in curriculum, textbooks, classroom teaching, and assessment are not consistent, students may have difficulty in understanding the concepts of science correctly and this may lead to the formation of misconceptions. The purpose of this study is to measure the alignment of science concepts by analyzing the semantic networks of curriculum, textbooks, classroom teaching, and student assessment with respect to the contents on meiosis as covered in Life Science I. The semantic network method using the NetMiner 4.0 program was applied. 11 concepts were extracted from the curriculum commentary. The textbook presented 36 concepts; classroom teaching presented 54 concepts; a total of 23 concepts were presented from assessment. With respect to alignment of relevant concepts, 6 (gamete, chromosome, meiosis, gene, daughter cell and cell division) were linked to all 4 sources (curriculum, textbooks, classroom teaching, and assessment). These concepts are mainly used to explain the process of meiosis. It is concluded that the key concepts of meiosis exhibited alignment in curriculums, textbooks, classroom teaching and assessment. However, there are many concepts used only in textbooks and classroom teaching. The greater number of concepts in textbooks and teaching can become one of the causes of a deficit in learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">232-244</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wenxiu Tang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xintong Zhu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yangyi Qian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APPLYING FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE OF STUDENTS IN GRADE 10: THE SUBJECT OF REDOX REACTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">redox reaction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662187210.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Redox reaction is an important concept in chemistry, and a well-organized knowledge structure of redox reaction is beneficial for concept learning. This study investigated the knowledge structure regarding redox reaction from 459 Grade 10 students. The pool of 15 redox reaction concepts was developed by content analysis, questionnaire survey, and interview. Six initial competing models with 15 concepts were identified via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and paper-pencil test. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test and modify the six competing models according to the rating data of the students. As a result, six modified models fit the data well. However, the high inter-factor correlations indicate that the two- and three-factor models are the students' knowledge structures of redox reaction. The two-factor model is comprised of two distinct but correlated factors: the process of redox reaction and metrology. The three-factor model is comprised of three factors: the process of redox reaction, reaction ability, and metrology. The finding inflects the abstract relationships between the concepts related to redox reaction in students' minds. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">680-693</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Zou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lizhen Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanbing Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Hu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION IN STUDENT LEARNING OF BUOYANT FORCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment of knowledge integration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">buoyant force</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">central idea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual framework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific concept understanding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662187488.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students’ problem-solving ability depends on their understanding of related scientific concepts. Therefore, the modeling and assessment of students’  understanding of specific scientific concepts is important to promote students’ problem-solving ability, as it can find students’ understanding difficulties and explore breakthrough strategies accordingly. Inspired by the theory of knowledge integration and combined with the situational characteristics of science education in China, this study established a conceptual framework about buoyant force, which was applied to model students’ different understandings of it. And based on the established framework, an assessment of buoyant force was designed and tested among 622 Chinese lower-secondary school students. Through the analysis of the test data and the interview outcomes, it was found that students’ understanding of buoyant force could be divided into three levels of knowledge integration including novice, intermediate, and expert. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that an emphasis on the nature of buoyant force can be an effective strategy to help students achieve a deeper conceptual understanding of buoyant force, leading to a more integrated knowledge structure.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">720-738</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dušica D. Rodić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saša A. Horvat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHEMISTRY EDUCATION IN THE BALKAN REGION: TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balkan region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching chemistry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1672585081.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">According to the European Commission, education, science, technology, research and innovation are a prerequisite for achieving a sustainable EU economy. EU leaders have agreed to work towards a European Education Area by 2025 to take full advantage of education, training, and culture (EU, 2019). Scientific literacy takes center stage in major reforms in education and is often presented as a key goal of science education. This is due to the idea that scientific literacy could be a prerequisite for the economic survival and technological development of the society, at least if judged by the research based on correlations between large-scale international testing results and country’s economic prosperity level (Hanushek &amp; Woessmann, 2010). Chemical literacy presents a significant constituent part of scientific literacy, given that the use of various chemicals plays a vital role in our daily lives whether we are talking about food, medicine, clothing or climate change.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1124-1125</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CLIMATE EDUCATION: A GRAND CHALLENGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social sciences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652121994.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate change and its mitigation represent a major global challenge, alongside biodiversity loss, global pandemics, and shortages of fresh water and food. It has the power to shape the environment and future; however, policymakers seek to prevent undesirable changes through environmental and education policies. Hinesjeffrey et al. (2013) consider climate education to be a major challenge. For example, the mitigation of climate change requires an understanding of climate change as a multidisciplinary phenomenon that must be considered in addition to the natural sciences, at least from the perspective of the social sciences, engineering, economics and education. This mitigation requires individuals to have a wide range of competences, such as creative and critical thinking and socioemotional skills (Hestness, 2015).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">176-178</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eva Hejnová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARING PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ AND LOWER-SECONDARY LEARNERS’ UNDERSTANDING THE PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary learners</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple-choice diagnostic test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">particulate nature of matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service primary school teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662186650.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-age studies have suggested that although children’s notions of scientific phenomena change moderately with increasing age, certain misconceptions persist from preschool to a higher educational level. The purpose of this study was to diagnose the prevalence of selected misconceptions about the particulate nature of matter among pre-service primary school teachers and to compare the findings with the results of lower-secondary learners. The participants in the study were 197 pre-service primary school teachers and 170 ninth graders. The multiple-choice diagnostic test was developed to collect data. In the analysis of the test results, the paired difference test and Pearson’s chi-square independence test for the contingency table were used. Frequency analysis was performed for individual questions in the test and percentages were calculated. The results obtained with primary school teacher trainees demonstrate the existence of a number of misconceptions similar to those observed with ninth graders; some misconceptions were observed to even be present significantly more frequently among pre-service primary school teachers. This study confirmed that age maturity and mere knowledge of scientific concepts such as atoms, molecules, etc. do not have to be sufficient to allow students to better understand the particulate nature of matter.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">558-574</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Song Xue</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daner Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liying Zhu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hui-Wen Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keith Topping</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF MODELLING AND ANALOGY ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONTENT UNDERSTANDING AND TRANSFERABILITY: THE CASE OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analogy-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atomic concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modelling-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652123108.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analogies and modelling have been developed and applied in learning and teaching science to facilitate students’ understanding of abstract concepts, such as atomic structure. Considering few studies focus on comparing the effects of two teaching strategies—analogy-based teaching (ABT) and modelling-based teaching (MBT)—this study aims to compare the effects of ABT and MBT on high school students’ content understanding and transferability of atomic concepts in science. Implementing a quasi-experimental design with pre-post-delayed tests, the study compared learning outcomes achieved by the MBT group (N = 68) and the ABT group (N = 69). The results showed both MBT and ABT could improve students’ content understanding and promote transferability. However, the MBT group significantly outperformed the ABT group in terms of generating initial models and overall transferability. Although there was no difference in content understanding, or near or far transferability, at post-test between the two groups, the MBT group maintained more extended memory of atomic structure on the delayed post-test. Moreover, qualitative analysis of students’ drawings of atomic models revealed that both groups were able to develop and transfer their models, but inadequate scientific knowledge affected the quality of the transfer product. These findings have implications for designing and implementing instructional approaches that leverage analogy and modelling in the science class.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">325-341</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanhua Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zile Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peiying Lin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPONENTS OF GEOGRAPHICAL PRACTICE POWER COMPETENCY (GPPC) FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: CONCEPTUALIZATION, CONTEXTS, AND CONTENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographical practice power competency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671188273.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographical practice power is a key competency essential for students' overall development. It is, therefore, important to understand its concepts, contexts, and content. Practical activities following scientific and operable principles in real geographical situations would enable students to unleash their potential across the curriculum. The primary aim of this study was to design and validate a conceptual, contextual, and content framework for geographical practice power competency (GPPC) of primary and secondary school students in China. The study used a three-step mixed-method research design with expert opinions collected through interviews and questionnaires. The dimensions of GPPC in this study included the mental processes of cognition, awareness, attitude, and behavior. A compilation of the attributes of GPPC for primary and secondary school students was proposed. There was a general consensus among the evaluators regarding the conceptual, contextual, and content framework of GPPC. When the weight values of the four dimensions and sub-dimensions of GPPC were calculated, it was found that they played different roles in the framework. Contrary to the expectation that scientific argumentation would be the most important dimension of GPPC, this study found that information acquisition was rated the most important. In each GPPC sub-dimension, consciousness received the highest weighting.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1083-1100</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngshin Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaewon Oh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohadesse Eskandari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lim, S.-M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONNECTION OF TERMS BETWEEN INQUIRY ACTIVITIES AND THE MAIN TEXT IN THE LIFE SCIENCE UNIT OF LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biological terms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">connection network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">main text</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terms connection</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187872.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers are highly reliant on textbooks for teaching. In the Republic of Korea, science textbooks help students to understand scientific terms through inquiry activities. However, there is a lack of analysis on whether the inquiry activities suggested in these textbooks appropriately cover the terms included in the main text. Therefore, this study assesses the life science units included in widely used lower secondary school science textbooks in the Republic of Korea by analysing the connection between the terms presented in the inquiry activities and the main text using the NetMiner 4.0 programme. The results reveal that the life science units included in the lower secondary school science textbooks are well structured for learning life science terms through the inquiry activities, as the terms presented in the inquiry activities and the main text are well connected. However, the number of terms included in each unit greatly differs and needs to be supplemented with the optimization of the number of terms per unit. The results provide basic data for the future development of lower secondary school science textbooks. Future research should analyse how the terms used in inquiry activities and the main text are connected in real science classes. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1004-1025</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647117037.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656443090.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">347</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236270.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 21, No. 5, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">743</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652121871.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187306.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents,
Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 21, No. 6, 2022
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">907</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1672584952.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents,
Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 21, No. 6A, 2022
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1123</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662186352.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">535</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652121816.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173-174</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236223.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 21, No. 5, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">741-742</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1672584906.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page,
Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 21, No. 6A, 2022
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1121-1122</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662186309.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2021</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">533-534</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656443047.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">345-346</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647116999.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187250.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page,
Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 21, No. 6, 2022
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905-906</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svatava Janoušková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CRISES OF THE WORLD, CRISES OF THE SCIENCE EDUCATION? LET´S TAKE A CRISIS AS AN OPPORTUNITY!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Footprint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy crises</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236403.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The world faces several crises in the last years. There have been more active conflicts presently than at any time since 1945. More than 82 million refugees must live away from their homes. The Covid-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic loss of human life worldwide and caused economic and social disruption, whose further consequences related to human health and further aspects of well-being can be only estimated so far. Many countries are fighting climate change for a long time and this “fight” has been disrupted by unprecedented energy crises that changes our energy goals from day to day. We are surrounded by uncertainty and worries about the future which rises of populist forces even in the democratic part of the world.  So, there is no doubt that we are living through challenging times. There are many strategies for coping with these challenges, one of them is acceptance. It allows us to see reality in the present moment and to move forward. But still, there will likely be many options to choose. We believe that science education is (can become) a means for explaining possibilities and our chances. At least in some of the above crises. And sustainable development indicators with good narratives can be effective educational and information tools bringing evidence about changes in the society and environment (Janoušková et al., 2022).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">744-746</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ismail Dönmez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sahin Idin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seraceddin Gürbüz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINING LOWER-SECONDARY STUDENTS’ STEM MOTIVATION: A PROFILE FROM TURKEY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM motivation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647117625.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ongoing motivation of students toward the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is a process related to their orientation toward those fields and their active participation in related activities. This study aimed to examine the ongoing STEM motivations of lower-secondary school students in a sample from Turkey according to demographic variables. In this study, in which 1926 students from 12 provinces participated, the students’ STEM motivations were compared according to the variables of gender, place of residence, grade level, school type, “mothers’ and fathers’ education level, and family income level. T-tests and ANOVA testing were used in the analysis process via SPSS package program. As a result, male students’ STEM motivations were found to be at higher levels than those of female students. The STEM motivations of gifted students were found to be higher than those of students studying in religiously oriented education institutions. The results also revealed that STEM motivation is directly proportional to the education level of the parents. The results obtained in this study, reflecting the general profile of STEM motivation among students in Turkey, may guide education policy makers, program developers, teachers, prospective teachers, and researchers on STEM education. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38-51</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shin-Cheng Yeh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hsin-Ya Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT-ORIENTED PICTURE BOOK SELECTION SYSTEM THROUGH EMPLOYING THE MODIFIED DELPHI METHOD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delphi method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picture book</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187734.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The concept of &quot;sustainable development&quot; was proposed to re-examine the human development model. Initiated by the United Nations, education for sustainable development (ESD) has become an important tool for educators to achieve sustainable development. Although &quot;Early Childhood Education&quot; (ECE) is often taken as a starting point of ESD, the concept of sustainable development is difficult to integrate into ECE because of its unfamiliarity among teachers. Therefore, picture books can be used to bolster ESD in ECE. This research aims to construct an appropriate book selection guide system that can assist them in selecting picture books independently, objectively, and efficiently through a focus group and modified Delphi method. The guide system is based on three major aspects, covering 8 main guidelines and 21 sub-guidelines. A sustainable development-oriented picture book is defined as “a book that includes the core, values, and concept of sustainable development which can make readers aware of the balance between the environment, society and economy and that attempts to systematically explore problems, generate actions, and solve problems in relation to these three dimensions from a critical and global viewpoint.&quot;  in this study. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">967-988</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polonca Legvart</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maja Kerneža</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE IN DIGITAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR PRIMARY SCIENCE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">communication competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science class</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-constructivist learning approach</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236996.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effective natural science teaching in primary schools helps students to form and change their conceptions about nature and natural processes. This is only possible through communicating about learners’ existing misconceptions and the process of transforming them into correct scientific concepts – using a socio-constructivist learning approach. The aim of this study was to find out what happens when the natural science teaching/learning process moves into digital learning environments. Immediately after the end of the Covid-induced school lock down, a sample of 183 first-, second- and third-grade teachers in Slovenia were asked to report about what happened in their science classes during the 11-week school lock down. The results reveal problems originating in very limited digital literacy competences as well as a lack of basic skills (in the first grade), and slowly emerging basic literacy in grades two and three. This had a great impact on the communication between teachers and students and between students themselves. According to research results, the problem significantly affects science teaching and is particularly urgent in didactics of chemistry and physics. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">836-848</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bo Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lijun Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xianhua Meng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minjie Yan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miaomiao Shen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERCEIVED PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PRACTICAL WORK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instrument validation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perceived knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practical work</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647117534.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers’ practical knowledge is closely related to teaching practice. The purpose of this research was to develop an instrument for assessing upper-secondary school science teachers’ perceived practical knowledge about practical work. The development of this instrument was based on five components in the conceptual framework of PCK about practical work: orientations of practical work, knowledge of curriculum materials in practical work, knowledge of students in practical work, knowledge of educational strategies for practical work, and knowledge of assessment in practical work. After the questionnaire was developed, 636 Chinese upper-secondary school science teachers participated in this research voluntarily. The results from exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis provided sufficient evidence for the construct validity of instrument. The high Cronbach coefficient indicated that the instrument had good internal consistency reliability. Finally, an instrument with six factors and 25 items was documented. The instrument would benefit science teacher educators and researchers. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26-37</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kateřina Chroustová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Rusek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIFFERENCES IN CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ ACCEPTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE ACCORDING TO THEIR USER TYPE: AN APPLICATION OF EXTENDED UTAUT MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry teachers’ motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational software use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology acceptance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236618.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this research, a model to determine chemistry teachers’ acceptance of educational software in secondary education is proposed. The model extends the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. Data were collected from 556 Czech chemistry teachers and analysed using structural equation modelling. With respect to the significant differences among technology users and various types of nonusers, the research model for each user group was tested too. The results showed significant differences in the individual models for each group of technology user. In the model for ‘current users’ of educational software, the influence of facilitating conditions on current users’ use of educational software behavioural intention is stressed. In addition, non-planning users’ behavioural intention seems to be influenced by their personal innovativeness in IT, social influence, and performance expectancy. Behavioural intention and attitude towards using educational software affect each of the tested models, with attitudes being an even stronger predictor of educational software usage than behavioural intention. The models contribute to the understanding of teachers’ acceptance of educational software, which can be utilized in both pre- and in-service teacher training, considering technology mastery a necessary teacher competence.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">762-787</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ainara Achurra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teresa Zamalloa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Araitz Uskola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY CHILDHOOD PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ READINESS FOR USING DRAWING AS A SCIENCE TEACHING STRATEGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drawing science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ readiness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187481.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of drawings for science learning helps students to develop communication, modelling, and reasoning skills. Teachers should be trained to use them. This study addresses the readiness (knowledge, confidence and awareness of the importance and usefulness of drawings) of 120 preservice teachers (PSTs) for using teacher-made drawings as a strategy for teaching science, after participating in activities in which they used drawing as a way to represent scientific knowledge. The knowledge of how to draw was analysed by evaluating the presence of interrelated components, mechanisms and phenomena in drawings of the digestive system. Open questions were used to examine three aspects: confidence, awareness of the importance and awareness of the usefulness. Exploratory cluster analyses were also conducted. 69% scored low in knowledge, more than 90% scored high in awareness of the importance and of the usefulness. 28% showed high confidence. No PSTs with high knowledge and low confidence were found. All PSTs with high knowledge showed high awareness of the importance. It is concluded that in order to prepare teachers for using drawings in science teaching, teacher education programs should include the development of drawing skills that could enhance their confidence and awareness of its importance. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">911-927</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksandar Janković</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dragan Lambić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF GAME-BASED LEARNING VIA KAHOOT AND QUIZIZZ ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THIRD GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">game-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kahoot</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-test-post-test research design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quizizz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122393.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The application of student response systems could have a lesser effect on the science education of younger students compared to the effects achieved with older students in language and social science courses. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the application of Kahoot and Quizizz on the academic achievement of third grade primary school students (9 years old) in a natural sciences course. A total of 113 third grade primary school students participated in this research. During the experimental phase which lasted 4 weeks, the participants were divided into three groups. Out of two experimental groups one group used Kahoot as a learning aid, while the other used Quizziz. The third group was the control group. At the beginning and at the end of the experimental phase, the participants were given an academic achievement test. The results of this research showed that the experimental group which used Kahoot for learning the content of the natural sciences course achieved significantly higher results in the post-test than the control group. There were no significant differences in the academic achievement of the group which used Quizizz and the other two groups. This result indicated that Kahoot could be used effectively as a learning aid in third grade primary education in the field of natural sciences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">224-231</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Manishimwe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William Aino Shivoga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venuste Nsengimana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS LEARNING BIOLOGY AT UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RWANDA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667237209.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude has been regarded as a motivating feeling for the learning of biology. However, how inquiry-based learning contributes to attitude change towards the learning of biology has not yet been studied in Rwanda. This study intends to determine the effect of inquiry-based learning on students’ attitudes toward learning biology. A sample of 228 secondary school students at the upper secondary level in Rwanda was used. A quasi-experimental design with pre-and post-test was employed. One group was randomly assigned to the control group (N = 109) under the conventional teaching method, while the second group participated as the experimental group (N = 119) under the inquiry-based learning method. Biology attitude questionnaire (BAQ) was tested and a Pearson reliability of .89 coefficient was found, and hence the BAQ was adopted and used for the control and treatment groups before and after learning microbiology. Results asserted a significant effect of intervention in favor of the experimental group. However, a significant effect of the treatment on students’ attitude change in relation to gender was not identified. The study recommends using inquiry-based learning to promote attitude toward learning biology as it raises students’ interest to learning biology and alleviates the difficulty of its concepts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">862-874</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Rui Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Na Zhou</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS ON 21ST CENTURY LEARNING SKILLS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21st century learning skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediating role</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural equation modelling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662187388.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is crucial to educate students on the basis of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education to develop 21st century learning skills. However, there is little research on the contribution of the attitude towards STEM specific discipline to 21st century learning skills. This study aimed to examine the extent to which students’ attitude towards science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) contributes to 21st century learning skills. Data were collected from 779 students from three primary schools and two secondary schools with the S-STEM questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed with structural equation modelling. The results revealed that (a) students’ science attitude, and engineering and technology attitude had positive effects on 21st century learning skills, and (b) students’ science attitude and mathematics attitude positively affected 21st century learning skills indirectly through the mediating role of technology and engineering attitude, and (c) the school year partially played a moderating role. The finding highlights the importance of valuing STEM attitude across disciplines. In particular, students’ engineering and technology attitude is more conducive to improving students’ 21st century learning skills. It also suggests the need to pay attention to the changing effect of STEM attitude on 21st century learning skills driven by the school year.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">706-719</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeannette Musengimana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edwige Kampire</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philothère Ntawiha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF TASK-BASED LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS AMONG SELECTED RWANDAN LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical reactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rwandan lower secondary schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">task-based learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647118081.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study intended to measure the effect of Task-Based Learning (TBL) on lower secondary school students’ understanding of chemical reactions. The study employed a quasi-experimental pre and post-test research design with eight intact classes of 369 students purposively selected from eight schools in two districts in Rwanda. The experimental group of four schools was exposed to the TBL method, while a control group of the other four schools was exposed to the conventional teaching method (teacher-centered). A chemistry test of a Pearson product-moment reliability coefficient of .643 was developed and used in both groups. The results of repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of treatment on students’ understanding of chemical reactions (p &lt; .001) with a medium effect size (d = 0.357) in favor of the experimental group. Gender and school location variables were also analyzed. It was found that the interaction effect of experimental and gender was not significant (p &gt; .05, d = 0.010). However, the effect was significant with the school location (p &lt; .05, d = 0.026) in favor of students studying in rural schools. The results imply that TBL method improves students’ understanding of chemical reactions. Recommendations were given to educational stakeholders to train teachers in this method and teachers to use it in chemistry teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140-155</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King-Dow Su</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF CROSS-DISCIPLINARY LIFE SCIENCE INNOVATION IMPLEMENTED BY STUDENTS' STIMULATED STRATEGIES FOR PBL-STEM SELF-EFFICACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-disciplinary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">life science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PBL-STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671188193.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research used mixed effects to construct a PBL-STEM (problem-based learning with STEM) questionnaire with high validity and reliability. The benefits of PBL-STEM focused on cross-disciplinary and longitudinal research to analyze students' self-efficacy in life science. All 175 university students who attended this course as an elective participated in this research. The purpose was to evaluate students' performance in the cake-baking practice experiential course and to use unpaired samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and feedback analysis as quantitative and qualitative data. The following are noteworthy results: The t-test showed that five stimulated scales were significantly different and better after the cake-baking PBL-STEM activity. In one-way ANOVA, to engage with more students in STEM activities, improve conceptual learning, and close achievement gaps. The more enthusiastic students are, the more actively they study and think, and the more effectively they improve their PBL-STEM learning. Students' feedback analysis of this teaching activity is beneficial for improving technology, student-teacher engagement, process comprehension, and learning interest. The light of this research will foster a disposition of learning, enhance cake-baking skills, and encourage problem-solving based on their thinking. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1069-1082</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yinsheng Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei He</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li Zhao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF INQUIRY LEARNING WITH DIFFERENT TASK ORDERS ON FIFTH GRADERS' INDIVIDUAL AND SITUATIONAL INTEREST AND CONCEPT ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">individual interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">situational interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">task order</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667237111.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inquiry-based learning has been widely applied in the classroom. Different inquiry learning models may have different orders of performing tasks and discussing. In this study, the Discuss-Do (D-DO) inquiry model and the Do-Discuss (DO-D) inquiry model were applied in the science learning of two groups of fifth-grade students. Group 1 (n = 41) used the Discuss-Do model whereas Group 2 (n = 38) used the Do-Discuss model. Interest measurements and the Light Reflection Test were administered to the two groups prior to and following the experiment to investigate the effects of the two kinds of inquiry model on students' individual and situational interest, and concept achievement through learning the unit of Light Reflection in a science course. Results showed a significant difference in situational interest and concept achievement between the two groups. However, there was no significant difference in the individual interest of the two groups. Findings suggested that the adoption of the Do-Discuss model is more conducive to learners' development of situational interest and concept achievement, which has implications for exploring task order adjustments for inquiry-based learning, as well as in education for science instructors. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">849-861</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christian Bob Nicol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emmanuel Gakuba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzague Habinshuti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF INQUIRY-BASED CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTATION ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF CHEMISTRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">demonstration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guided inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-equivalent control group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ attitude</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662187124.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students' attitude towards a subject is a key indicator of academic performance, therefore its enhancement is imperative for academic success. A sample of 328 grade eleven students was selected using cluster random sampling. Two different study groups; the experimental and control groups, were composed and exposed to the guided inquiry and demonstration methods of teaching chemistry experiments respectively. The Non-equivalent control group research design was employed with instruction lasting six weeks. Data on pre-test and post-test attitudes were collected using a 25-item attitude towards teaching and learning chemistry through experiment survey. Comparisons of mean attitude scores were made between the experimental and control groups, and between the pre-test and post-test for each group. The Mann-Whitney U test analyses indicated a higher mean attitude score for the control group.  However, the difference in the mean scores was not statistically significant. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test analyses indicated statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test attitude mean scores for both independent groups. These outcomes show that both methods of teaching chemistry through experiments enhance students' attitudes to essentially the same extent. These findings imply that Liberian teachers can enhance students' attitudes through demonstrations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">663-679</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Z. Bogdanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dušica D. Rodić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamara N. Rončević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena D. Stanisavljević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zekri A. M. Zouhor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF MODIFIED KNOW-WANT-LEARN STRATEGY IN MIXED-GENDER LOWER SECONDARY PHYSICS EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experimental research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ comments</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656443394.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The differences related to gender are evident in physics education from the early age of the students. Thus, it is important that the teaching strategies that are implemented in mixed-gender physics classrooms are appropriate for both boys and girls. This research examined physics achievement and metacognitive awareness of students in lower secondary education in relation to gender when the modified Know-Want-Learn (mKWL) strategy is implemented. During the study, the students were divided into the control group (where direct teaching was implemented) and the experimental group (where the mKWL strategy was implemented in physics teaching). Students’ physics achievement (estimated with knowledge tests) and metacognitive awareness (estimated with a questionnaire) before and after the pedagogical experiment, and also the students’ comments on the mKWL strategy (provided through an informal conversation) were analyzed. It was shown that the students’ achievement did not differ in relation to gender while girls showed higher metacognitive awareness in comparison with boys, and the mKWL strategy increased physics achievement and metacognitive awareness of both boys and girls. Furthermore, the students’ comments on the strategy were discussed. The proposed strategy is shown to be appropriate for both genders, and its implementation in physics classrooms can be recommended.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">366-380</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harun Uygun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muharrem Duran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF SCIENCE TEACHERS' PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE ON STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE AND THEIR ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching experience</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662187302.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is one of the most important research topics in science teacher education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the PCK of science teachers with different teaching experiences and examine the effects of teachers' PCK on students' achievement and attitudes toward science. A mixed methods research design was used for the study. Participants were science teachers and their students from two middle schools. Interviews, observation forms, achievement tests, and attitude scales were used as instruments for data collection. Data were collected and analyzed using content analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings obtained from the quantitative and qualitative data showed some significant differences between teachers' PCKs according to their teaching experience. The results also showed that the PCK of a teacher with the least experience was lower than that of the other two experienced science teachers. The results indicated that experienced teachers who developed PCKs did not significantly impact student achievement and attitudes. Educational implications and recommendations for further studies are also provided.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">694-705</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Rahman, M. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUES BASED ON THINKING MAPS APPROACH ON FUTURE THINKING OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">future thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">future thinking map</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific issue</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667237383.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study was conducted to examine the effects of the socio-scientific issue (SSI) approach assisted by the future thinking map (FTM) on five constructs of future thinking, namely i) understanding the current situation, ii) identifying the trends, iii) analyzing the relevant drivers, iv) synthesizing the possibilities or needs of the future and v) choosing with the justification of the desired future. The future-thinking test instrument was developed to measure the level of future thinking. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design was employed. A total of 255 form four students (age 16) from three randomly selected rural secondary schools in Tawau District, Malaysia were assigned to i) SSI-FTM (n = 85), ii) SSI (n = 85), and iii) conventional (CV, n = 85) teaching and learning (TL) strategies. The results of the MANCOVA analysis showed that there was a statistically significant effect across all three groups of TL strategies. The ANCOVA analysis showed that there was a statistically significant effect of the SSI-FTM TL strategies compared to the SSI and CV TL strategies on the five future thinking constructs. The quasi-experimental study proves that the SSI-FTM TL strategy is effective in nurturing future thinking among form four students in science lessons.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">888-901</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1672585642.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page,
Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 21, No. 6A, 2022
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online/</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1205-1208</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652123180.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">342-344</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667237474.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 21, No. 5, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">902-904</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671188436.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, 
Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 21, No. 6, 2022
ISSN 1648-3898 /Print/, ISSN 2538-7138 /Online</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1119-1120</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662187531.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">739-740</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647118199.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171-172</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656444358.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2022, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">528-532</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khaleel AlArabi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hassan   Tairab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yousef Wardat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shashidhar Belbase</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suzan Alabidi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING THE LEARNING OF NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer simulations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Newton’s Second Law of Motion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United Arab Emirates</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187660.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This quasi-experimental study was conducted in two secondary schools in a major city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to examine the impact of Computer Simulations (CSs) on students’ learning of Newton’s Second Law of Motion (NSLOM) in grade 11 compared to traditional face-to-face education. The study used Newton’s Second Law of Motion Achievement test (NSLMAT) as a pre and post-test to collect the data. Altogether 90 students aged 16-17 (grade 11) participated in this study. Two grade 11 girls' classes (40 students) and two grade 11 boys' classes (50 students) were chosen randomly to participate in this study. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Results showed that CSs, through visualization, aided in establishing connections and brought attention to the concepts and details of NSLOM. In addition, CSs yielded better results than those taught in face-to-face education. The Results also suggest that CSs greatly impacted both female and male students. CSs helped female and male students gain a better understanding of NSLOM topics. The study recommended that physics teachers integrate CSs into their teaching and use them as valuable tools to improve student learning outcomes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">946-966</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Umit Izgi-Onbasili</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aysegul Avsar-Tuncay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burcu Sezginsoy-Seker</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seyit Ahmet Kiray</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN EXAMINATION OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES IN CREATING A SCIENTIFIC DIGITAL STORY IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR SELF CONFIDENCE IN TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific digital story</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technological pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122314.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Digital stories are a form of expression that emerges by combining the art of storytelling with multimedia tools such as sound, picture, and video. In this research, examining the experiences of pre-service teachers in creating digital stories in accordance with the science curriculum and the effects of this process on the pre-service teachers’ self-confidence in technological pedagogical content knowledge was aimed. This research, using a mixed model approach, was conducted with 24 fourth-grade pre-service teachers. In the study, the “Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Confidence Scale” (TPACK) was applied as a pre-test and post-test. The quantitative findings of the study revealed that the experiences of pre-service teachers in creating a scientific digital story increased statistically significantly in the TK dimension of the TPACK scale and in the TPACK total self-confidence scores. The qualitative findings of the research showed that it had a positive effect on TCK, TPK, and TPCK dimensions, as well as on the TK and total score of TPACK. In the light of these findings of the research, the use of digital stories in educational environments can be recommended since the use of digital stories in educational environments is effective in developing students' TPACK self-confidence perceptions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207-223</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mingyu Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN EXPLORATION ON CONCEPT TEACHING KNOWLEDGE OF BIOLOGY TEACHERS IN LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers' concept teaching knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647118018.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The topic ‘photosynthesis’ contains many intangible and abstract scientific concepts, regarding which students hold many preconceptions. Conceptual learning is a process of co-creation and flow that requires the teachers’ higher educational level on conceptual teaching. The present research considers photosynthesis as an example. Results of Ball's 2008 research on teachers' content knowledge for teaching served as the theoretical framework. In total, 30 biology teachers from 11 lower-middle schools in a medium-sized city in China were selected as the research objects. The conceptual learning achievements of 1442 students taught by those teachers were used as a yardstick, and two sets of self-designed questionnaires were used to demonstrate, describe, and discuss these elements and their current state in the teachers' mind and determine influencing factors. According to the results, except for the knowledge of concept and student element, all the other three elements attained the passing level. Specifically, the level of common concept knowledge was relatively high, but this element had not attained the perfect level. A scope for improvement was observed for the other three conceptual knowledge elements. No significant difference in the knowledge elements level was observed among the teachers from different schools. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">121-139</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Si-Jia Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Na Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Rui Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hua Xiao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING EFFECT ON PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' STEM ATTITUDE DETERMINED VIA STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural Equation Modeling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671188129.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education gets more and more attention from society, students' attitudes towards STEM are increasingly concerned. However, there was scant research that has empirically documented the relations among STEM attitude, learning motivation and metacognition. This research used Structural Equation Modeling to examine the above relations. Data were collected from 845 primary school students from grade 4 to 6, regarding their STEM attitude, learning motivation, metacognition, and their sociodemographic characteristics (family socioeconomic status). The results showed that metacognition played a mediating role in the effect of learning motivation on STEM attitude. The family socioeconomic status played a moderating role in the effect of metacognition on STEM attitude, and students with higher family socioeconomic status had a stronger effect on STEM attitude. This research also suggested that it is worth considering the improvement of students' learning motivation to facilitate STEM attitude through promoting their metacognitive skills, meanwhile balancing the gap between students under the difference of socioeconomic level in STEM education. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1052-1068</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katerina Salta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dionysios Koulougliotis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING FACTORS THAT AFFECT UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS' MOTIVATION TO LEARN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic major</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ experiences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1672585587.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The pivotal role of motivation in fostering science learning has long been recognized and it is a field of active research worldwide. This research aimed at examining the effect of three different factors (used as independent variables) on shaping the motivation of undergraduate students for chemistry and physics learning via multiple regression analysis. Motivation (dependent variable) was measured via the use of the chemistry and physics-specific versions of Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ II). The participants were 281 full-time undergraduate students in three different academic departments of a Greek tertiary education institution. Students’ gender was shown to exert an effect of small size on their motivation for chemistry and physics learning, while a larger, however mostly small effect, was observed with regard to the students’ academic major. Students’ academic experience from the attendance of physics and chemistry courses was measured via an instrument which was developed specifically for this research, and it was shown to be the most influential factor affecting their respective learning motivations. In addition, strong evidence was provided that the academic experiences acquired during tertiary education have a significantly more intense effect in configuring students’ motivation to learn either chemistry or physics relative to the ones obtained in the immediate past referring to the previous educational grade (secondary education).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1191-1204</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmaca Aksoy, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sinan Erten</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A FOUR-TIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST TO DETERMINE PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ MISCONCEPTION ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">four-tier diagnostic test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">global warming</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236518.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global warming is the most serious problem of our age. The most permanent measure to be taken against this problem is to ensure that individuals receive an effective and well-equipped education, free from misconceptions, which are obstacles to the efficiency of education. In this study, it is aimed to develop a four-stage diagnostic test that can reveal the misconceptions of pre-service science teachers about global warming. The sample of the study, in which the survey approach was used, consists of 401 pre-service teachers studying in the science teaching department at different universities in Turkey. The results show that the test is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine the misconceptions, scientific knowledge, and lack of knowledge about global warming. In the study, the factor with the highest percentage of pre-service science teachers’ scientific knowledge and misconceptions was the consequences of global warming, while the factor with the highest percentage of lack of knowledge was calculated as the greenhouse effect factor. It is recommended to use the test to determine the current situation regarding the level and areas where the misconceptions of individuals are concentrated to improve the missing or faulty areas in the science curriculum.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">747-761</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AiBin Tang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WenYe Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dawei Liu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE PEDAGOGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TIMSS 2019</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hierarchical linear model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122655.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers’ professional development (PD) is considered to be a topic of interest in science education. This study examines the impact of professional development in science pedagogy (PD in PED) on students’ achievement and how it influences teachers’ instruction based on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science (TIMSS)2019. The sample comprised 2,968 fourth-grade students and their 145 teachers and 3,265 eighth-grade students and their 150 teachers in Hong Kong. Teachers’ emphasis on science investigation (TESI) was included as a mediating factor. Multilevel mediation analyses revealed that PD in PED was significantly positively related to students’ science achievement, while the link between PD in PED and students’ science achievement was positively and completely mediated by TESI in the fourth grade. However, TESI had no mediating effect in the eighth grade, a finding that may be attributed to the characteristics of teacher PD programmes in different grades. The results also show that many teacher PD programmes are not of high quality and are intellectually superficial from the perspective of students’ achievement gains. Implications for teacher PD practices are discussed as well.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">258-274</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King-Dow Su</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COGNITIONS WITH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING GUIDED TASKS TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-disciplinary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem-Based Learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">situational issues</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122552.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research conceived multivariate learning concepts and aimed at the implementation of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) life learning of face recognition, self-driving, and robots’ situational issues into problem-based learning (PBL) in natural science. This research put forward problem-solving and group cooperation in which students worked together to complete learning tasks from encountering problems to planning problem-solving. All 127 participants engaged in this research from the Hungkuo Delin University of Technology in Taiwan. 7 experts helped construct the content validity, construct validity, and reliability through instrument developments of 5 open-ended test questions and 31 learning attitude items. The statistical analyses revealed that those students improved their scientific cognitive skills of problem-solving by quantitative analyzes and presented their logical reasoning and activation ability by qualitative ones. In addition, the descriptive statistical analysis of learning attitude revealed that students had positive thinking attributes for the application of cross-disciplinary PBL and AI new knowledge. These findings had implications for the AI cognitions with PBL educational environment to increase innovation in the classroom. Pedagogical suggestions presented that students’ learning growth in the environment requires long-term cultivation to exhibit significant learning outcomes in the future.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-257</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera M. Divac</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filip Stašević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marina D. Kostić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daliborka Popović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Đurđević Nikolić, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INQUIRY AND PROJECT-BASED LEARNING AS AN APPROACH FOR DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURSHIP COMPETENCIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL HIGH-ACHIEVING STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">entrepreneurial education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high-achieving students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1672585295.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development of entrepreneurial capacities, entrepreneurial mindset and entrepreneurial culture among students is one of the goals of modern education. In Serbia, there is an idea and vision of entrepreneurial education in the chemistry domain, which is also regulated by the curriculum. Despite these facts, a curriculum that supports entrepreneurship and a large scope for chemistry entrepreneurship, primary schools still lack in activities that could develop competencies related to entrepreneurship in students. Within this research, a series of activities were designed with the aim to enhance students' entrepreneurial competencies. Proposed activities were based on inquiry-based learning (IBL) and project-based learning (PBL) as their characteristics support entrepreneurial education. The conducted study involved 18 high-achieving students in the chemistry domain. Data obtained from pre- and post-questionnaires confirm the assumptions of present researchers that the proposed activities could improve some students' entrepreneurial skills. The results from the second questionnaire, which examined the impact of conducted activities on the students’ entrepreneurial skills and abilities, reveal that when an approach like this is used as the teaching method, some entrepreneurial peculiarities within students can be increased.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1143-1164</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kenneth Adu-Gyamfi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benjamin Anim-Eduful</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERACTION EFFECT OF GENDER, ACROSS SCHOOL-TYPE ON UPPER-SECONDARY STUDENTS’ DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL REASONING ON ORGANIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender and school-type</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interaction effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic qualitative analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance of students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656443297.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical tests (qualitative analysis) on functional groups may improve students’ understanding of basic concepts about the structure of organic compounds and their reactivity. However, upper-secondary school students have difficulties in learning organic qualitative analysis. This research has studied whether the gender of students and school-type affect development of experimental reasoning on organic qualitative analysis. From three school-types, 50.2% males and 49.8% females were sampled through a multistage sampling procedure and participated in a cross-sectional survey. Data from 263 students were collected with the aid of diagnostic test on knowledge of organic qualitative analysis. A two-way between-groups ANOVA and independent-samples t-test were used to analyse the data. It was found no interaction effect of gender and school-type on students’ development of experimental reasoning on organic qualitative analysis. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">351-365</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branislava K. Blajvaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Z. Bogdanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamara S. Jovanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena D. Stanisavljević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milica V. Pavkov-Hrvojević</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE JIGSAW TECHNIQUE IN LOWER SECONDARY PHYSICS EDUCATION: STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT, METACOGNITION AND MOTIVATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">parallel group design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662186576.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics teaching should facilitate students to acquire knowledge, increase metacognitive awareness and motivation for learning physics. The implementation of cooperative learning could be useful for improving teaching. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of cooperative learning (specifically the jigsaw technique) on students’ achievement in physics, metacognitive awareness, and motivation. An experiment with parallel groups (experimental and control) was carried out with 92 seventh-grade students (in lower secondary education). Jigsaw technique was implemented in the experimental group, while the control group was taught using teacher-directed teaching method. Students’ physics achievement, metacognitive awareness and motivation were measured using knowledge tests and questionnaires (before and after the experiment). Statistical analysis included calculations of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, performance of the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.  The research results showed that the implementation of jigsaw technique in physics classes significantly improved students’ physics achievement, metacognitive awareness, and motivation. Therefore, it can be suggested that this technique is beneficial in lower secondary physics education, and it can be recommended to implement the jigsaw technique in everyday school practice. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">545-557</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedro D. Cadena-Nogales</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joan J. Solaz-Portolés</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yolanda Echegoyen-Sanz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicente Sanjosé-López</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEVEL OF ACCEPTANCE OF EPISTEMICALLY UNWARRANTED BELIEFS IN PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: INFLUENCE OF COGNITIVE STYLE, ACADEMIC LEVEL AND GENDER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive style</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemically unwarranted beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender influence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656443578.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the main objectives of scientific literacy is the development of rational skills and critical thinking in citizens. This is a central goal for teachers. However, beliefs that lack rational foundation and supporting evidence, named “epistemically unwarranted beliefs” (EUB), spread rapidly among the population. If teachers had some of these EUB, their work could be compromised. The aim of this research was to determine the level of acceptance of different EUB in Spanish pre-service primary school teachers and to analyze the influence of their cognitive style, gender, and academic level. Two hundred and fifty undergraduate students of Bachelor’s Degree in Primary Education participated in this study. Two questionnaires were used to collect data. ANOVA, ANCOVA, correlations, and linear regression analysis were used to quantify that influence. Results showed high levels of acceptance of some EUB in future teachers, with significant influences of gender and academic level, and a mediating role of cognitive styles. Experiential and rational cognitive styles, and academic level were significant predictors of EUB, being experiential thinking the most powerful one. Thus, pre-service teacher education should have an epistemological vigilance on future teachers’ scientific literacy and increase the presence of rational style among teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">398-407</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mengmeng Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le Cai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dimei Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jianqiang Ye</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEASURING CHINESE RURAL SCIENCE TEACHERS’ SELF-PERCEPTION TOWARDS TEACHING COMPETENCIES: INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rural teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching competency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187941.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The teaching competency of rural teachers is fundamental to providing rural pupils with a high-quality education. Nonetheless, China has not yet established standardized competence criteria for rural science teachers, making it difficult to ascertain the actual competence of the rural teaching force on the front lines. Consequently, this study aimed at accessing Chinese rural science teachers’ teaching competency and exploring rural-urban differences by developing a measurement instrument. Factor analyses confirmed the reliability and validity of this instrument, which consisted of 21 items and four dimensions. In addition, the questionnaire was employed to examine 393 science teachers in China, discovering the significant rural-urban differences in terms of teaching implementation and learning evaluation together with teacher distribution. This study was hoped to promote the building of the teaching competency system and provide references for rural science teachers’ professional development.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1026-1039</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hongjun Xing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanfang Zhai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sisi Han</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuping Zhao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wenhui Gong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuting Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jing Han</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qiaoyi Liu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE MEASURING INSTRUMENT OF PRIMITIVE PHYSICS PROBLEM FOR UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: COMPILATION AND EXPLORATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primitive physics problem; problem solving; problem representation theory; assessment instrument</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122936.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem solving is considered one of the most critical competencies for life. However, many students may perform well in school yet cannot transfer the skills they learned in school to solve real-world problems, especially in science education. This study discusses the characteristics of the problem from the physics education perspective, based on Problem Representation Theory, and proposes a new type of problem: The Primitive Physics Problem. Moreover, the significance and contribution in promoting students' physics problem-solving ability, both theoretical and empirical, are described. Then the study develops a set of instruments that was tested on 811 students in 12th grade from 10 upper-secondary schools in China. The results showed that the new instrument had good reliability and validity. The promising application in the instruction of the Primitive Physics Problem and in measuring upper-secondary school students' problem-solving ability of the instrument is discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">305-324</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peitong Duan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huijun Niu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiawen Xiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caiqin Han</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTI-INDEX AND HIERARCHICAL COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR TRAINING QUALITY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING POSTGRADUATES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analytic Hierarchy Process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CIPP model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multivariate statistical analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">postgraduate quality training</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656921079.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is essential to establish a multi-dimensional postgraduate quality evaluation system for student assessment and training. This study aimed to explore the construction of the multi-index and hierarchical comprehensive evaluation system for postgraduate training in science and engineering based on the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) model using Analytic Hierarchy Process. It involved 756 postgraduates in physics and engineering who were randomly selected via the Internet. Data were collected from the questionnaire about postgraduates' basic information. After collection, Factor Analysis was used to verify the rationality of the design of second-level and third-level indicators, and adjust the corresponding weights. On this basis, Cluster Analysis was used to classify the training quality of the postgraduates based on their scores on academic ability, basic quality, and social ability indicators. The results revealed that the index system includes 4 first-level indicators,12 second-level indicators and 36 third-level indicators, and different weights being assigned to the indicators according to their influence on the training quality of postgraduates in science and engineering. This study also provides some reference for the quality of science and engineering postgraduate training in Chinese universities by proposing relevant measures, which could be interesting also for international audience.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">408-427</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, P.-C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeng, P.-F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTILEVEL LATENT PROFILE ANALYSIS OF ESTONIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' CAREER EXPECTATIONS WITH SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AND GENDER AS COVARIATES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career expectation types</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multilevel latent profile analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA 2018 datasets</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variations between schools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236743.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although much research has explored the personal, family, school, and social influences on adolescents' career expectations, little is known about the types of family-related career expectations of students and career expectation contexts in school. Using PISA 2018 test data, a multi-level latent profile analysis was conducted with indicators of parents' occupational status and children's career expectations. This research found that family-related career expectations of Estonian secondary school students can be divided into three types: enterprising, resilient, and disengaged. At the organizational level, contexts for career expectations in schools can be classified as enterprising, enterprising and resilient composite, and disengaged and resilient composite types. The research also found that science achievement and gender predicted latent profile memberships at the individual level. It is proposed that to value the science curriculum and its teaching is to invest in future human resources. It is suggested that families and schools should pay attention to stimulating male students' career aspirations. The career expectation types of secondary school students within and between schools are of great significance to the construction of national human resources, the development of schools, and the research of families. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">788-800</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soyoung Yun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NARRATIVES OF THREE NOVICE IN-SERVICE SCIENCE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: THEIR JOURNEY OF ACHIEVING TEACHER AGENCY AND TEACHER BELIEF</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">designing science lesson</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">novice teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher agency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671188041.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explores the phenomenon of 'school adaptation of novice primary school teachers' in the process of entering their actual primary school field. This study also studies the achievement of teacher agency and their teacher belief establishment procedure as novice teachers, not only in the actual teaching context but also as teachers who faced a special situation where their given role was different from what they learned from their university life. This study used a 'narrative' methodology. Narrative inquiry starts with 'researcher's narrative', which begins with the researcher's own story. The participants joined in interviews and submitted their teaching diaries. The participants of this study were three novice in-service teachers who were newly assigned to their primary schools. The research results are as follows. First, the novice primary school teachers achieved teacher agency while adjusting themselves to the school for a year. Second, novice primary school teachers did their best in terms of preparing for their classes in the process of being familiar with their schools’ culture and system. This study highlighted the need for dual support of teaching and administrative tasks for novice primary school teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1040-1051</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL: SOME SIGNIFICANT POINTS </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187403.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The problems of natural science education remain extremely relevant. Over the last two decades, international conferences and symposia dedicated to the study of issues of natural science education have been held in many countries and at various levels. It was especially emphasized that the natural science literacy of society is insufficient, and its relevance will only increase in the 21st century. Early natural science education promotes and develops natural science literacy (Ferreira et al., 2015). In general, various changes have taken place and are taking place in the field of natural science education: the content of education is changing, the search for more effective forms and methods of teaching is taking place, etc., on the other hand, new quality society needs are emerging. There is no doubt that the significance of natural science education for the development of a child’s personality is extremely high. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">908-910</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NEW DIGITAL COMPETENCE FOR SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital competences 1.0</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital competences 2.0</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science/technology/engineering literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">society 5.0</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647117944.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the years 2019-2021 a significant step was made in terms of distance learning, which would have otherwise, in normal circumstances, taken several years. While the solutions applied were the best in the given situation, the question arises of what these solutions imply in terms of long-term, systematic changes. The presented research touches upon three key areas that characterize today’s schools: motivation, atmosphere, and competences of teachers and teacher-training students. The starting point of this research is the premise that the pre-crisis digital competences are simply not good enough for today's situation, or for the near future. Research results show that such fast-tracked changes and the transition to distance education have led to a significant decrease in the motivation of both, teachers and students, that the general atmosphere has worsened, and that there is a significant decrease in competences to be perceived, especially with regard to social and communication competences. The research shows also that neither teachers nor students are sufficiently qualified to work in the society of the future, in society 5.0. What is needed are actual, real changes in the field of digital literacy and digital competences, also indicated in this research.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108-120</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevil Akaygun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebrunur Arkun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERIODIC TABLE REPRESENTATIONS IN TURKISH UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL CHEMISTRY TEXTBOOKS AND THE CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ OPINIONS ON THEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">periodic table representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">periodic trend</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turkish chemistry textbooks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1672585179.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Periodic table is an important tool of chemistry for understanding the structure, function, and properties of the elements. Periodic table representations given in upper-secondary school chemistry textbooks are critical as they introduce chemical concepts. This study aimed to explore the features of periodic table representations given in Turkish upper-secondary school chemistry textbooks and the opinions of chemistry teachers who were using these textbooks in their classes. This qualitative study was composed of two stages. In the first stage, seven different upper-secondary school chemistry textbooks commonly used in Turkey were selected and analyzed by content analysis based on five criteria; type, content, portrayal, periodic trends, and color, emerged from the data. In the second stage, interviews were conducted by seven chemistry teachers who were actively using these textbooks in their classes. The results showed that generally teachers liked the basic, color-coded, recent, accurate periodic table representations to introduce the concepts. While teaching, they mostly preferred to show a complete periodic table first, and then the segmented ones. For the periodic trends, they agreed to include numerical values on the periodic table for letting students make sense of these values instead of having arrows that may cause memorization. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1126-1142</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">André Du Plessis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A PERSONAL REFLECTION ON COVID-19 ONLINE TEACHING, LEARNING, AND ASSESSMENT WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR RESEARCH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Covid-19 pandemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning management systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662186470.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19 had a severe impact on teaching and learning in schools and tertiary education institutions. Human Rights Watch (Impact of Covid-19 on Children’s Education in Africa, 2022) posits that due to the closure of many schools in African countries, a significant majority of learners were excluded from continuing their education as learning and teaching halted. The pandemic has also had its effect on the higher education sector within the South African context, however, data about non-attendance and drop-out seems not to be freely available as revealed by searching online. Nonetheless, it is reasonable to assume that there were drop-outs and non-attendance by students, however, not to the same extent as within schools as universities embarked on contingency plans to minimize dropouts. Nelson Mandela University in Gqeberha South Africa where the author of this editorial resides, implemented contingency plans within weeks of the COVID pandemic outbreak to offer students ICT devices on loan, e.g. by debiting it against their student accounts while Wi-Fi data access was secured through collaboration with internet providers. It appears that the university sector was able to be more proactive than schools, which can probably be attributed to the fact that the majority of universities have their own ICT infrastructures. In addition, many modules incorporated the use of ICT in various ways, including the use of learning management systems such as Moodle or similar. This resulted in many universities being better prepared to embrace the opportunity to extend online teaching, learning, and assessment in various forms during the COVID-19 pandemic. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">536-544</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Danxia Xing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chun Lu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREDICTING KEY FACTORS AFFECTING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ COMPUTATIONAL THINKING SKILLS UNDER THE SMART CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE SCIENCE COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computational thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internet attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internet self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internet use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">smart classroom</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647118150.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main purpose of this research was to explore the key factors influencing secondary school students’ computational thinking skills within the smart classroom environment. Data were collected from 420 students in 4 secondary schools in B city, China. The optimal fitting results of the structural equation model showed that internet attitudes, internet self-efficacy, and internet use are the key factors directly related to students’ computational thinking skills. Furthermore, there are indirect effects between students’ attitudes towards the internet and computational thinking skills through internet self-efficacy and internet use as mediators. These internet-related characteristics were confirmed to be significantly associated and simultaneously affected their computational thinking skills. After reviewing and reflecting on the research conclusions, this study proposed several measures to improve secondary school students’ computational thinking skills while taking into account the complicated interplay of internet psychology and behavior characteristics. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">156-170</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Love Kotoka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeanne Kriek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREDICTION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS AND CONCEPTUAL REASONING IN STOICHIOMETRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive load theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">explanatory sequential research design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stoichiometry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662186893.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learners underperform in stoichiometry as they lack conceptual reasoning of the underlying concepts and the ability to solve stoichiometric problems. Therefore, it was necessary to determine if there is a statistical correlation between problem-solving skills and conceptual reasoning in stoichiometry and if so, whether one can significantly predict the other. The theoretical framework is the cognitive load theory (CLT). This theory expects teachers to know where to focus their teaching and how to assess their learners’ work to avoid unnecessary overloading of the working memory, which might affect their performance. The explanatory sequential mixed-method research design was employed with 410 grade 11 Physical Science learners in their intact classes. The participants wrote the learner achievement test (LAT) and responded to a semi-structured interview. The learners’ test scores were then used to run a statistical test. The Pearson correlation and regression showed that the justifications given by learners for choosing correct or incorrect multiple-choice options were not due to chance, and the results of the learner interviews supported the learners’ performance in the test. Moreover, the findings indicated that there was a positive correlation between problem-solving skills and conceptual reasoning where statistically, conceptual reasoning predicted learners’ problem-solving skills using regression analysis. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">615-637</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Durmuş Burak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Simsar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PREFERRED MENTORING ATTRIBUTES AND PRACTICES FOR EFFECTIVE SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">effective mentoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mentor teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-school education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647117435.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-service teachers encounter many different mentor teachers during the teaching practicum process. While some teachers give sufficient coverage to early childhood science education, some do not. This research aimed to explain effective mentoring attributes and practices of the mentors which preferred by pre-service pre-school teachers during science teaching activities throughout the teaching practice lessons. The study was designed in line with the Q-methodology. The participants of the study were 39 pre-service teachers. Quantitative data were collected with the Q measurement tool developed by the researchers to describe the mentoring attributes and practices in science teaching. In addition, qualitative data were collected and analyzed through an open-ended questionnaire. The results obtained in the study revealed that pre-service pre-school teachers preferred the mentoring attributes and practices, in which they could get support at the point of personal development in science teaching. In addition, it was found that the same pre-service teachers were less likely to prefer the mentor who gave feedback and tried to be a role model while science teaching. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-25</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linda Honskusová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karel Vojíř</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Rusek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL VISION DEVELOPMENT: THE EFFECT OF LESSON-OBSERVATION PRACTICE </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ability to notice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning situations reflection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service chemistry teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional vision</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647117698.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ability to adequately analyze educational situations is essential not only for (pre-service) teachers’ occupational decisions, but also for their own professional development. This study represents an evaluation of the observation practice aimed at pre-service chemistry teachers’ (N = 12) professional vision development. They attended chemistry classes in schools, discussed them in a group and independently wrote their reflections. The effect on the professional vision was evaluated using a self-efficacy questionnaire, lesson reflections analyses and semi-structured interviews. The results showed that pre-service teachers significantly overestimated their ability to reflect on lessons, struggled with lesson analyses, failed to describe and analyze chemistry-specific content in contrast with their significant improvement in describing student-teacher interaction and teacher’s activity – all with medium to large effect. Although observation practice deepened their ability to notice, pre-service teachers did not change attention to individual lesson’s aspects. Lesson observation therefore seems to be a suitable means of professional vision development from the richness of observed phenomena’s point of view, as well as students’ self-efficacy improvement, however more research in several aspects is needed to further inform (pre-service) teacher training practice.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52-68</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayhan Bulut</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdullatif Kaban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ömer Bilen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE AND COMPUTER TEACHERS’ VIEWS ON TEACHING PRACTICE COURSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching practice course</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122087.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Teaching Practice course taught in Education Faculties gives pre-service teachers real experience before starting the profession. This study aims to examine the teaching practice courses in the undergraduate programs of education faculties by the views of pre-service science and computer teachers. 50 4th grade students, 25 from the science education department and 25 from the computer and instructional technology education department, participated in the study. Within the scope of the study, the data were collected through online interviews of approximately 30 minutes with the participants, and content analysis was made. According to the findings, pre-service teachers believe that teaching practice courses are insufficient to ensure active participation in lessons in terms of learning gains and content and that they lack a flexible structure that allows them to participate in classes at various grade levels. They also stated that the teaching practice course includes result-oriented measurement and evaluation activities. However, they underlined that the semesters and credits allocated to undergraduate teaching practice courses are insufficient. Furthermore, throughout the process, pre-service teachers reported some communication and coordination issues in the teaching practice course. They suggested that every university with an education faculty should open practice schools that include all levels of compulsory education to overcome the challenges encountered during the process. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179-191</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eser Ültay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ METAPHORICAL PERCEPTIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metaphorical perceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary pre-service teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122730.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metaphors are expressions that are frequently used in people's minds to explain concepts with other unrelated concepts and have a personal emphasis on learning. The purpose of this study is to determine and interpret the metaphorical perceptions of primary school pre-service teachers towards environmental pollution. The &quot;phenomenology&quot; research design was used in this study. The study group of this research consists of a total of 372 primary pre-service teachers. Data were collected using semi-structured forms to determine the metaphorical perceptions of primary school pre-service teachers. The pre-service teachers were asked to complete the sentence, &quot;Environmental pollution is like... because....&quot;. At the conclusion of multiple comparisons, by the relation degree between environmental pollution and its metaphors, it was determined that significant difference was in favour of the 2nd year between the 2nd and 4th years and in favour of the 3rd year between the 3rd and 4th years. As a result of the research, it was discovered that the majority of the metaphors produced by the pre-service teachers were in the &quot;human&quot; and &quot;harmful/dangerous/uncomfortable situations&quot; categories. Furthermore, the study discovered that as the year level increased, the number of related metaphors about environmental pollution decreased. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">275-287</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomokazu Yamamoto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shinichi Kamiyama</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatsuya Tanaka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etsuji Yamaguchi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING ARGUMENTS: IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">difficulties in writing arguments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elementary/primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">explanation construction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small-sample quantitative study</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656443883.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In science education, the improvement in students’ ability to construct arguments at the primary school level has been reported. Although these studies have identified difficulties in arguments written by primary school students, they do not indicate areas that require improvement in teaching methods. This study aims to explore the possibility of improvement in early primary school students’ ability to construct arguments and identify the types of difficulties encountered. Sixty-seven Japanese third-grade students (9–10 years old) were taught to write arguments as specified by Zembal-Saul et al. (2012). The students were given two writing tasks before and after the lesson. To examine the students’ written arguments, each component of claim, evidence, and reasoning was scored based on a rubric. On comparing the scores of the pre-test and post-test writing tasks, it was found that 27 out of 67 students still had difficulty writing arguments during the post-test. An analysis of the students’ writing revealed four types of difficulties: ‘Incompleteness of components’, ‘Inappropriateness of components’, ‘Confusion between evidence and reasoning’, and ‘Confusion between claim and evidence’. This study offers insights pertaining to teaching implications and research recommendations. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">445-461</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uladzimir Slabin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRODUCTIVE METAPHOR OF MOLECULAR ORBITALS IN EDUCATION AND ANY VIABLE THEORY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inadequate statistics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">original atomic orbitals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">probabilistic conclusions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647117172.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A lot has been researched on and published about applying analogies in teaching science. The content being complex, often abstract, and difficult for understanding, analogy comes as an effective tool to catch the essence. In brief, using an analogy for explanation of something unfamiliar new, we take something familiar old and establish connections between the two (Sarantopoulous &amp; Tsaparlis, 2004).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laliyo, L. A. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La Kilo, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mardjan Paputungan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wiwin Rewini Kunusa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lilan Dama</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Citra Panigoro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RASCH MODELLING TO EVALUATE REASONING DIFFICULTIES, CHANGES OF RESPONSES, AND ITEM MISCONCEPTION PATTERN OF HYDROLYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrolysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reasoning difficulties</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236909.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study evaluates the difficulties in concept reasoning, changes in response patterns, and item misconception hydrolysis patterns using Rasch modeling. Data were collected through the development of 30 distractor-based diagnostic test items, measuring ten levels of conceptual reasoning ability in three types of salt hydrolysis compounds: 〖〖Na〗_5 P〗_3 O_10, NaOCl and 〖〖(NH〗_4)〗_2 〖SO〗_4. These 30 written test items were completed by 849 students in Gorontalo, Indonesia. The findings show empirical evidence of the reliability and validity of the measurement. Further analysis found that the students’ reasoning difficulty levels of the concept of saline solutions were varied; the calculation of saline solution’s pH level is the most difficult construct to reason. In particular items, changes in response patterns were found; the misconception curve showed a declining trend and disappeared along with the increase of comprehension along the spectrum of students’ abilities. The item misconceptions pattern was found repeatedly in similar items. This finding strengthens the conclusion that resistant misconceptions potentially tend to cause students' conceptual reasoning difficulties and are difficult to diagnose in conventional ways. This study contributes to developing ways of diagnosing resistant misconceptions and being a reference for teachers and researchers in evaluating students' chemical conceptual reasoning difficulties based on Rasch modeling.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">817-835</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woongbin Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyuksoo Kwon</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESEARCH TRENDS AND ISSUES INCLUDING COMPUTATIONAL THINKING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computational thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research trend analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667237304.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Software (SW) is one of the key technologies in modern society, and its importance is receiving the attention of the educational community. In addition, Computational Thinking (CT) has been studied in fields of various education such as computer science, science, mathematics, and technology. The prominence of computer science education has increased in K-12 South Korean schools with the effect of the 2015 Revised National Curriculum and the National Plan for Activating Software Education. In addition, there are active efforts to include CT in science, technology, and mathematics classrooms. Therefore, this study aims to review prior studies on CT in science and mathematics education. The results of this study are as follows: 1) CT in science and mathematics education has a different conceptual approach than CT in computer education. Science education is mostly about problem-solving activities using computers, and mathematics education mostly utilizes the ‘abstraction’ related approach. 2) The key to improving CT in both subjects is to implement practical experience in science and mathematics education. Variables of interest in prior studies were scientific and mathematical problem-solving skills, the attitude of subjects, and creativity. 3) CT education in science and mathematics education has used a convergence education approach (STEAM education). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">875-887</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE, HUMAN AWARENESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">complex system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general solutions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">major monopolies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656443218.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The environment is a system, a complex system, which we are unable to comprehend, let alone truly understand, with the help of simplified models that we, humans, are able to process. Our human understanding of the complexity of a grain of sand simply isn’t enough to construe and adapt the universe! This would require time and knowledge, which we do not have today, and which we will not have for a long time.  So, everything is in interpretation. Let us start our stories with some basic truths. The main premise is, that man doesn't need an outside enemy, he's the greatest threat to himself. But he's not just a threat to himself, he's a threat also to everything around him. No living thing on earth destroys it more than it takes for its existence, except for human. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">348-350</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selma Sinan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olcay Sinan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE MAPS AND BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON HYGIENE EDUCATION DURING 2012-2021</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometric analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dental hygiene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hand hygiene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hygiene education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122814.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hygiene education is becoming increasingly popular and is now addressed in both formal and informal education systems. Examining hygiene education research and developing a vision for the future will lead to creating a roadmap for future research as well as an analysis of past research. Research on hygiene education encompasses a variety of subtopics. It is critical for future researchers and thematic studies in this area to determine if there is a pattern to these concerns that cover a wide range of topics. The purpose of this study is to examine the topic of hygiene education using bibliometric analysis. From the Scope Database, 503 records remain for bibliometric analysis. This results in an average number of 5.02 publications per year. 1973 people contributed to the study. Among the top 10, most influential sources in terms of the number of articles are four websites related to dental hygiene. The United States leads the world in both the number of publications and a total number of citations, followed by Canada and China. Most of the research was related to oral hygiene education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">288-304</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">'Maphole Marake</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loyiso C. Jita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Tsakeni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR TEACHING FORCE CONCEPTS   </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">force concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ perceptions of knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662187050.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is important for students to understand force concepts because they are central to learning physics and other sciences; however, students find it difficult to understand. There are calls for teachers to tap into their professional knowledge and develop beliefs that help them assist students comprehend the topic. To meet this challenge, teachers’ perceptions of their knowledge base for teaching force concepts should be probed because perceptions act as windows into teachers’ practices. This study, therefore, explored physics teachers’ perceptions of their knowledge base for teaching force concepts. Science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) frameworks were used to develop a questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale administered to 100 physical science teachers who were randomly selected from 54 schools in five districts in Lesotho. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results suggest that, even though teachers reported positive views about their knowledge base, there is no correlation between sub-components of curricular knowledge. It is concluded that teachers should build the curricular knowledge by participating in collaborative activities. It is, therefore, recommended that studies that probe teachers’ actual knowledge of PCK constructs are executed, so that appropriate information is available when planning professional development activities targeting teachers’ PCK.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">651-662</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insun Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hye-Gyong Yoon</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS’ THEORY-BASED TEACHING: CONNECTING A LEARNING CYCLE MODEL TO A LESSON PLAN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">abductive thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hypothesis generation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lesson plan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theory-based teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1665989238.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examined theory-based teaching processes of science teachers to understand the mechanism by which theory and practice were connected. Four science teachers desgined lesson plans by applying the empirical-abductive learning cycle (EALC) model and modified lesson plans through a collaborative interview with the researcher. Data were obtained from lesson plans and interviews. Using the constant comparison method with open coding, data were analyzed to find out obstacles or facilitators acted in the process of applying the EALC model to design lesson plans and reveal the path through which theory and practice were connected. As a result, it was found that perceptive prejudice about the role and necessity of the EALC model was the main obstacle. The collaboration process helped teachers understand the EALC model clearly and deeply. The development of this cognitive understanding changed their prejudice about the EALC model and led them to reflect their teaching practices with the eyes of theory. Through this process, a separated state between theory and practice was developed to a connected state. With the belief that it is a good starting point for coordination between theory and practice, further studies are proposed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">462-480</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeynep Yıldız</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHING SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS: CONTEXT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE AND VISUAL METAPHORS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy visual metaphors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187800.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is of great importance to examine the level of science teaching self-efficacy (SE), which is related to technological developments in primary school teacher education. It is seen that this subject is not addressed in the context of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) and visual metaphors. The purpose of this research was to examine the pre-service primary school teachers' SE beliefs related to science teaching in terms of the TPCK levels and visual metaphors they created related to science teaching. For this purpose, qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the research. The research sample consisted of 75 pre-service primary school teachers. A metaphorical perception form, a science SE scale, and a TPCK scale were applied as data collection tools. It was found that the majority of pre-service teachers in science teaching had moderate and high SE and technological pedagogical content. It was also found that pre-service teachers' science teaching SE levels were related to the sub-dimension levels of the TPCK. When the visual metaphors created by the pre-service teachers were associated with quantitative data, it was seen that as the SE level of the pre-service teachers increased, visual metaphors gained a quality from general to specific. It was also concluded that the metaphors of the pre-service teachers with high SE levels were formed in more detail and accurately, and the conceptual errors were reduced.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">989-1003</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seraceddin Levent Zorluoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yalçinkaya Önder, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Betül Timur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serkan Timur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elif Güvenç</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ilgım Özergun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muzaffer Özdemir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE SCOPE OF SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND THE 5E EDUCATIONAL MODEL IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5E educational model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">descriptive content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671188373.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education focuses on the methods of thinking about and using process skills rather than memorizing scientific facts. 5E educational model aims to learn by discovering scientific knowledge and engaging students in learning environments. The aim of this study was to examine the articles in the field of education related to the 5E educational model and science process skills (SPS) according to some criteria. The search in databases was carried out to cover the articles conducted in the last twelve years (2010-2021). Over the last 12 years, 522 articles on the 5E educational model and science process skills have been examined. In this descriptive content analysis study, randomized sampling came to the fore as the preferred sampling method, lower-secondary school students as the sample type, 11-50 as the sample size, and studies in which the effectiveness of a method was tested as the research type, lower-secondary school science as the research discipline, quasi-experimental as a research design, achievement tests as data collection tools, and frequency/percentage/charts were frequently used in data analysis.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1101-1118</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Busra Cengiz-Istanbullu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonul Sakiz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGIES IMPACT FOURTH-GRADE STUDENTS’ POSITIVE OUTCOMES IN SCIENCE CLASS </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic worry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-regulated learning strategies (SRLS)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122203.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For long years, researchers in the field believed that the development of self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors of students could only be initiated around middle school years. Nowadays, a growing number of research around the world attempt to challenge this belief by demonstrating that SRL behaviors and strategies can emerge in students at an earlier age than expected through proper training and eventually affect students’ positive academic outcomes in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the use of self-regulated learning strategies (SRLS) on fourth-grade students’ academic self-efficacy, science motivation, academic worry, and achievement in a primary school science classroom. A pre-test – post-test control group quasi-experimental design was used. The participants were 39 fourth-grade students from a private primary school in Istanbul, Turkey. The SRLS (goal-setting, planning, note-taking, monitoring and self-evaluation) used in the study were explicitly taught to the students in the experimental group. The data were collected using two self-report questionnaires and an achievement test. A 2x3 Split-plot ANOVA test was used for data analyses. The results revealed that the use of SRLS significantly positively impacted students’ perceived academic self-efficacy, science motivation and academic achievement; and, significantly negatively affected their academic worry. The results of the retention tests, however, showed the necessity of continuous stimulation of SRLS to obtain optimal benefits for student outcomes. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">192-206</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florian Budimaier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Hopf</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ IDEAS ON COMMON EXPERIMENTS ABOUT THE PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">particulate model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">probing acceptance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656443487.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research on students' thinking about the particulate nature of matter has shown that students find it difficult to connect the macroscopic with the sub microscopic world. Although they have heard about atoms, students stay within a continuous model of matter or attribute macroscopic properties to particles. The research presented focuses on the arguments students make when they have to explain experiments on a sub microscopic level. The question is if experiments convince students of the applicability of the particulate nature of matter. Therefore, the researchers conducted twenty interviews according to the method of probing acceptance with students from lower and upper-secondary school. Every interview featured one of five experiments, commonly used in teaching. The goal was to see if the experiments helped students to successfully apply the particulate model of matter. Students’ answers were coded using qualitative content analysis. The results of this research show, that explaining experiments on a sub microscopic level proves a great challenge for students. None of the five experiments seems to be a good starting point when engaging students with the particulate nature of matter for the first time. Therefore, further research should focus on other ways of introducing this difficult topic to students. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">381-397</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olić Ninković, S. I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jasna M. Adamov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksandar P. Rakita</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS' OPINIONS TOWARD USING ONLINE PLATFORM SOCRATIVE IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mobile learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socrative quiz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student response system</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1672585496.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">With the development of technology, various new applications are increasingly used in schools. Their implementation often creates a stimulating environment for learning and leads to an increase in student performance. Due to their effectiveness, student responder systems (SRS) and similar mobile applications are increasingly used in teaching. The aim of the research was to examine students' opinions on application of Socrative online platform as a SRS in chemistry classes during formative evaluation. The sample included 77 primary and secondary school students from the Republic of Serbia. Online Socrative quiz was applied to evaluate their knowledge about mixtures (in primary school) and about antibiotics (in secondary school). After the quiz students filled out a questionnaire on their opinions towards the Socrative platform. The questionnaire consisted of 26 items organized in five subscales: advantage, belief, engagement, usability, and satisfaction. The obtained results showed that students had a positive opinion on the application of Socrative in chemistry education. As the positive features, students pointed out real-time feedback and increased engagement and motivation in class. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that students enjoy the use of online platform Socrative, so it is recommended for further use in chemistry classes in order to increase student participation and to develop a more efficient evaluation methodology.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1181-1190</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekir Yıldırım</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Tayfur Akcan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erdinç Öcal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND STEM TEACHING ACTIVITIES: ONLINE TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher perception</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647117876.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study addressed teachers’ perceptions of the effect of online teacher professional development programs (OTPDPs) on their professional development. This five-month study focused on four aspects of OTPDPs: (1) Teachers' perceptions on OTPDPs, (2) the impact of OTPDPs on lesson planning, (3) the impact of OTPDPs on STEM teaching, and (4) the impact of OTPDPs in STEM education on teacher employment. The sample consisted of 36 teachers. An OTPDP tailored to STEM education was designed to help participants develop professional skills. This study adopted a qualitative type of research, which was a single case study.” Data were collected through interviews, videotapes, and lesson plans. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Participants had positive perceptions about OTPDPs. They stated that the OTPDP helped them plan and teach STEM better and gain pedagogical and content knowledge. It also allowed them to acquire technological self-efficacy. They also noted that OTPDPs helped teachers develop the skills that would make them more likely to be employed in the future. The results indicate that technological self-efficacy and Internet access are of paramount importance for effective OTPDPs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84-107</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Al Jadidi, N. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dalia Abdelwahed Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enas Mahmoud Elrefee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING NATURAL SCIENCES: SIMPLIFYING SOME PHYSICS CONCEPTS AS ACTIVITIES AND LABORATORY TOOLS FOR KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kindergarten</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">laboratory tools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching physics concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the focus group method</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671618327.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is a severe shortcoming in science programs in kindergartens in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this paper presents a conceptual framework for teaching physics concepts to kindergartens to contribute to the consolidation of scientific knowledge by stimulating the skills of inquiry, problem-solving and scientific thinking among children. The research aimed to study the effect of a program based on simplifying some physics concepts on kindergarten children's knowledge. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, video recordings of simple lab instruments for physics concepts, and children's in-app interactions and children's photographs. The sample consisted of (8) children of the age groups (5: 6 years) at the third level in kindergarten. The results indicated that children can be taught some scientific thinking skills. Children who practiced the planned activities developed their knowledge more orderly. Accordingly, it is concluded that the program can indicate the success of introducing natural sciences to the kindergarten stage. The current research recommends studies that show the quality and specifications of programs that suit the child's characteristics at this stage and the nature of education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">928-945</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hiroyoshi Kinoshita</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING OF CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS BY SCIENCE TEACHERS IN JAPANESE PRIMARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers' training</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236818.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The importance of critical thinking in science education is widely recognized. However, little research has been conducted on the teaching of critical thinking by teachers. If actual teaching conditions of teachers in the classroom are clarified, effective teaching methods for developing critical thinking in students could be developed. This study administered a questionnaire survey to ascertain how science teachers teach critical thinking in Japanese primary schools. The study population consisted of 291 Japanese primary school teachers with teaching careers spanning 1–38 years. The survey revealed the following. (1) Teachers taught students the importance of conducting experiments by themselves to obtain results. However, teachers did not sufficiently teach students the need to conduct multiple experiments before reaching a conclusion, improve data reliability before making decisions, or examine their conclusions carefully given incomplete data. (2) Compared to teachers with shorter teaching careers, teachers with longer careers taught critical thinking more effectively, particularly in terms of emphasizing positivity and maintaining a healthy skepticism. (3) Teachers who taught emphasized positivity and encouraged multifaceted thinking were more likely to teach about emphasized evidence. The corresponding causal relationship analysis suggests that teaching that emphasizes positivity and encourages multifaceted thinking is key to promoting evidence-oriented instruction.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">801-816</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chia-Yu Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chao-Jung Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guo-Li Chiou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wing-Kwong Wong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A TOOL OF TECHNOLOGY-BASED LABORATORY ENABLED STUDENTS TO PRECISELY DESCRIBE SCIENTIFIC PHENOMENA </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematical modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model-building behaviours</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modelling activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teaching/learning strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology-based laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656444199.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proposing scientific descriptions is critical for individuals to cope with daily problems and acquire essential information. Nonetheless, few classes have enhanced students’ ability to describe facts of scientific phenomena. Thus, using a tool of technology-based laboratory, this research examined whether students’ scientific descriptions and mathematical modelling behaviours could be improved. The participants included 52 undergraduate students randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. Two prompts were developed to remind the experimental group that it is common to place ‘time’ along the x-axis and that mathematical modelling is important in physics. Results showed that as expected, all participants generated more propositions in scientific descriptions, especially the experimental group. However, contrary to the hypothesis, the participants did not propose more correct propositions and the effect of group was limited. Moreover, the hypotheses were partially supported that the participants used more image-based and mathematics-based representations to describe phenomena, and the proportion of participants whose propositional type was quantitatively increased, though no main effects of group were observed. Most participants adjusted their mathematical models by keeping slightly changing the coefficients/constants to fit the data, rather than applying relevant physics knowledge to revise models, illustrating their difficulties in connecting mathematical representations with actual phenomena.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">495-512</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seong-un Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE TYPES OF PEER SCAFFOLDING IN SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">peer scaffolding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific experimental activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ interaction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662186805.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study studied the types of peer scaffolding presented in scientific experimental activities. The study included 14 university students. For the experimental activity of ‘determining temperature changes using the meridian altitude of the sun,' information regarding experimental behaviors, thinking aloud, discourse, and retrospective interview data were collected and analyzed. A model was derived and utilized for experimental activities to analyze peer scaffolding, wherein students internally structured their experiences with the experimental activities. The results indicated that students utilized seven means of peer scaffolding: ‘demonstrating’, ‘assisting’, ‘monitoring’, ‘posing’, ‘questioning’, ‘explaining’, and ‘suggesting’. Three types of peer scaffolding emerged: task completion-, model elaboration-, and learning support-oriented scaffolding. Each type differed in purpose, main mean, and major explanation details. Additionally, this study has observed the level of the model for the experimental activities and the time that had been provided to understand the experimental procedure influenced the three peer scaffolding types. These outcomes indicate that providing ample time to students independently structure the experimental procedure and supporting other students during experimental activities are essential. Moreover, providing assistance to students in focusing on observable phenomena by reducing the cognitive load required to process the experimental procedure is crucial.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">594-614</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zorana Lužanin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marija Kaplar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatjana Hrubik-Vulanović</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNDERGRADUATE STEM AND NON-STEM STUDENTS’ INTERPRETATION OF MEAN IN AN INFOGRAPHIC</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">infographics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mean interpretation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-STEM students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">statistical literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662186977.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of infographics for presenting data in the media and on the Internet has become a widespread phenomenon. This study examines how well undergraduates interpret the mean when presented in infographic, their attitudes towards the misuse of statistics, and their perceptions of their knowledge and use of statistics. The infographic was intended for the general public. The questionnaire was developed in a pilot study and then it was presented to a sample of 270 students from universities in Serbia and the USA. The study showed that STEM undergraduates and those who attended a course in statistics interpreted the infographic better. However, between 46% and 65% of those misinterpreted the infographic which indicates that changes are needed in statistics education to improve statistical literacy. Concerning demographic characteristics, somewhat better results were achieved by the American students, while gender had weak significance. Students whose interpretations were more successful perceived their knowledge and use of statistics as better. An extremely low number of students, 7.5%, disagreed that statistics is often misused, while only 14.2% trusted the research results presented in the media. The results from this study can be useful for curriculum developers, teachers, and researchers on statistical education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">638-650</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng He</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changlong Zheng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tingting Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A TWO-TIER DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical equilibrium in aqueous solutions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch Modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">two-tier multiple-choice items</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656443763.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student understanding of chemical equilibrium in aqueous solutions (CEAS) plays a vital role in their upper secondary school chemistry learning and everyday life. Diagnosis of students’ alternative conceptions (ACs) of the CEAS will provide teachers with valuable information to make instructional decisions on student learning. This study aims to develop and validate an instrument to diagnose students’ ACs about the CEAS, including ionization equilibrium, water self-ionization equilibrium, the equilibrium of salt hydrolysis, and precipitation and dissolution equilibrium. Using Treagust (1998)’s development framework, we have developed 25 two-tier multiple-choice items for the CEAS diagnostic test. After completing the corresponding courses, 750 Grade 11 students from five public schools responded to the CEAS diagnostic test. Rasch modeling approach was employed to provide psychometric properties of the CEAS diagnostic test consisting of one-dimensionality, reliability, and validity. This study identified 15 ACs toward the CEAS. This study found that most students performed better on concept tiers rather than reasoning tiers. In addition, students have difficulties in connecting acidity, solubility, ionization, and chemical reaction and in using mathematical thinking to do transformation between concentration, equilibrium constant, and pH value.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">428-444</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamed A. Shahat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William J. Boone</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdullah K. Ambusaidi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khalsa Al Bahri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annika Ohle-Peters</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USE OF RASCH ANALYSIS TO DEVELOP AN ARABIC LANGUAGE SURVEY (STPLTS) TO MEASURE OMANI SCIENCE TEACHERS' VIEWS TOWARDS THE CLASSROOM APPLICATION OF PEDAGOGICAL LEARNING THEORIES </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oman</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical learning theories</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teachers' views</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656444312.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A range of pedagogical learning theories has been proposed to guide science teachers' classroom teaching. This study presents the results of the development and use of an 18-item Arabic language rating scale survey to assess Omani teachers' (N = 400) views towards the application of selected pedagogical learning theories of potential use in their science classrooms. The current study was a quantitative approach following the survey design.  Rasch analysis was used to guide the analysis of the instrument. The results suggested that one dimension was defined by survey items and item independence. Person and item reliability were acceptable. Analysis of category probability curves showed acceptable measurements from the rating scale. The Wright Map matched theory and so provided guidance for the future teaching of Omani science teachers. This study adds to the literature reporting the results of science education data collected from science teachers who teach for international use in general, and for Oman and Arab countries in particular. Perspectives and contributions of the study findings on improving science teaching and learning are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">513-527</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lu Ye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuqing Yuan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH TO EXPLORE NON-COGNITIVE FACTORS AFFECTING READING, MATHEMATICS, AND SCIENCE LITERACY IN CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">machine learning approach; non-cognitive factors; PISA 2018; personal ability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662186729.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-cognitive factors are considered critical aspects in shaping students' academic achievement. This study aims to analyze and explore the mechanisms of the influence of non-cognitive factors on 15-year-old students' abilities in China and the United States. Based on the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 education dataset, the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model identifies and explains the factors. The study finds that there are 11 most influential common features in China and 9 in the United States. The two countries have 5 common features, the meta-cognition assess credibility, summarizing text ability, PISA test difficulty perception, science learning time, and school lessons numbers per week. Family economic status also impacts personal ability. Regarding subject characteristics, attitude towards failure is the determinant of reading and mathematics. Cooperation and competition among students help to improve mathematics and science. Furthermore, the comparison between the two countries concludes that self-awareness, family economic status, and school learning environment are critical to personal ability. The study concludes that it is necessary to foster a sense of healthy competition among students at the school level and provide more attention to students with low family socioeconomic status to improve their abilities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">575-593</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-Hui Yeo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hsi-Hsun Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I-Hsuan Cho</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING A THREE-TIER MULTIPLE-CHOICE DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENT TOWARD ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS AMONG LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TAIWAN: TAKING ECOSYSTEMS UNIT AS AN EXAMPLE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three-Tier Diagnostic Instrument</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1647117785.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research is conducted to identify the scientific conceptual cognition of ecosystem and the corresponding alternative conceptions by lower-secondary school students in Taiwan. Concept mapping, interviewing, and two-tier diagnostic test cannot make explicit reasoning pathways that students may use. Therefore, its purpose is to develop, validate, and utilize a three-tier multiple-choice diagnostic instrument for the ecosystem concept (TDIEC). The instrument can assist teachers in analyzing their students’ reasoning. This does not only distinguish alternative conceptions from lack of knowledge but also determines the percentages of false positives and false negatives. One hundred and six students were tested with this instrument in Taiwan. The data analysis reveals common alternative conceptions shared by students, indicating that 35.59% of the samples had inaccurate conceptualizations of ecosystems. Common alternative conceptions of ecosystems include the following: (i) Only biological components constitute an ecosystem; (ii) The Venus flytrap and pitcher plants are preys; (iii) Competition is synonymous to predation; (iv) Ecological balance refers to the sustainable circulation of energy and matter in the environment; and (v) The simpler the species, the more stable the ecosystem. It concludes with the interpretation of the results, suggestions for the application of the TDIEC, and correct alternative conceptions in Ecology classes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69-83</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huimei Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yangyi Qian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jinju Wen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuhua Mai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UTILIZING MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING TO REPRESENT THE CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURES OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE IN UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AND STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atomic structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hierarchical cluster analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multidimensional scaling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656444105.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to explore the upper-secondary school chemistry teachers’ and students’ conceptual structures of atomic structure by using multidimensional scaling. Atomic structure is considered to be one of the most difficult concepts in upper-secondary school chemistry course so that the conceptual structure regarding atomic structure held by the learner is necessary to examine. Based on a questionnaire survey for upper-secondary school chemistry teachers and university chemistry professors, 40 concepts were selected as a useful concept pool of atomic structure. Then, the conceptual structures and the specific classifications of concepts from 168 upper-secondary school chemistry teachers and 336 tenth-grade students were investigated by multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results showed that the 3-D solutions were appropriate for the conceptual structures of teachers and students respectively. Next, the conceptual structure of teachers utilized as an evaluation criterion was more scientific than that of students. The conceptual structure of students with high academic achievement was more scientific than that of the low achievers. Multidimensional scaling utilized to explore students’ conceptual structure of scientific concepts can provide a new and benefic form of evidence to understand the concept learning outcome of students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">481-494</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miloš S. Kozić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dragica D. Trivic</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE WATERWORKS: A CONTEXT FOR UNDERSTANDING CHEMISTRY CONCEPTS IN THE SEVENTH GRADE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">industry field trip</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thirteen-year-old students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">waterworks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1672585401.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industry field trips provide the contexts that enable students to improve their understanding of chemical concepts and processes. The aim of this research study was to explore to what extent students improve their understanding of water, solutions, mixtures, and the methods used for separating mixture components in the context of the waterworks, and what their views towards such an approach are. The sample consisted of 36 students aged 13 to 14 years, equally divided into the experimental and control group. The teaching unit Water and its significance for the living world was realised within the context of the waterworks in the experimental group, while in the control group it was realised using a conventional approach at school. Prior to the elaboration of the teaching unit the students from both groups had been tested using a pre-test, and upon the completion they were tested using a post-test. The views of the experimental group were examined using a questionnaire. The obtained results showed that the activities in the context of waterworks improved the understanding of the studied concepts, that students recognised the relevance of the applied context for their personal and societal life, as well as for their own future professional activities. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1165-1180</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lihui Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liangbo Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ALIGNMENT BETWEEN THIRD-GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS AND CURRICULUM STANDARDS IN CHINA AND JAPAN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alignment evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum standards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science textbooks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622791533.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study applied the Porter’s alignment model to construct a localized two-dimensional framework based on Anderson's taxonomy. The research chose the third-grade primary school science textbooks from two representative presses in China and Japan, coded the textbooks and curriculum standards, calculated the alignment level between the textbooks of the two presses and their corresponding curriculum standards, and discussed the alignment level from the topic, cognitive demand, and emphasis. The results show that the B version in Japan is significantly aligned with the Japanese curriculum standard, but the A version in China does not have significant alignment with the Chinese curriculum standard. Besides, a common problem is that the ratios of life science in sample science textbooks both exceed the requirements of the curriculum standards, and the problems of exceeding the standard in cognitive demand and not highlighting the key points also need to be concerned. This study provides ideas and references for countries with similar educational situations to study the compilation of science textbooks and fills up the deficiency of the international comparison of the alignment between primary school science textbooks and curriculum standards by using the alignment model.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">507-518</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mishack T. Gumbo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fidelis O. Nnadi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rose C. Anamezie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AMALGAMATING WESTERN SCIENCE AND AFRICAN INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">African Indigenous Knowledge Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">amalgamating</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gravitational acceleration and experimental</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680272.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is the need to liberate the school science teaching process to suit the culturally bound day-to-day experiences of learners. The clarion call becomes expedient in the light of pedagogical failure in science education, which precipitates poor science achievement, especially in non-Western cultures. Non-Western knowledge systems, specifically African indigenous knowledge systems (AIKs), have been excluded from science teaching, which accounts for the poor achievement of learners. This research therefore measured the effect of the type of teaching materials, gender and the interaction between gender and type of teaching materials on the measurement of gravitational acceleration. The analysis of covariance (p≤ .05) was used to analyse data which were collected from 264 sampled learners. The results from the research indicated that amalgamating Western science and culturally bound AIKs teaching materials in a non-Western culture enhanced the determination of gravitational acceleration and bridged the gender divide in Physics achievement. The amalgam of Western science and non-Western culturally bound science can transform science teaching, make science more relevant to everyday experiences of learners and enhance their understanding of science and ultimately their achievement. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">729-739</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Na Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qiao-Yi Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kathleen Koenig</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qiu-ye Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang Xiao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lei Bao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANALYSIS OF TWO-TIER QUESTION SCORING METHODS: A CASE STUDY ON THE LAWSON’S CLASSROOM TEST OF SCIENTIFIC REASONING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">control-of-variable</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grade level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pattern analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611649216.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Lawson’s Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR) is a popular instrument that measures the development of students’ scientific reasoning skills. The instrument has a two-tier question design, which has led to multiple ways of scoring and interpretation. In this research, a method of pattern analysis was proposed and applied to analyze two-tier item pairs on the subskill of Control-of-Variable (COV) of LCTSR.  The data were collected from students in grade 4 through college in both the United States and China. Students’ response patterns to two combined item pairs were analyzed and compared against students at different grade levels and reasoning development levels. Six performance levels were established based on students’ response patterns, serving as indicators of COV reasoning development levels. With the new method, a relation was obtained between students’ level of COV skills and grade level, as well as their level of overall reasoning development. It can provide useful information on the possible developmental levels of students’ reasoning skills.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146-159</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Najah Hazirah Mohd Dzin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon Fah Lay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSING THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF SCIENCE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST USING RASCH DICHOTOMOUS MEASUREMENT MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple-choice test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch Measurement Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reliability and validity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science subject</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school standard curriculum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639222215.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple choice tests are widely applied to assess students’ knowledge in science education. This study aimed at assessing the validity and reliability of Science Multiple-choice Test in Malaysia. The items for this test were formulated by the researcher together with a panel of science teachers and the head of the science department with close reference to Secondary School Standard Curriculum (KSSM) syllabus. The test consists of 50 multiple-choice items with four options. Rasch measurement model was adopted to evaluate the quality of the Science Multiple-choice Test in terms of reliability analysis, item polarity analysis (PTMEA-CORR), item fit analysis and Principal Component Analysis of Residuals (PCAR). The reliability analysis was performed using Cronbach’s Alpha, and the results of reliability and separation index respectively indicated good reliability level of the test items. In order to improve the validity of the test, two negatively worded items (Q39 and Q40) were removed. Lastly, the PCAR analysis showed the unexplained variance in the 1st contrast (5.4%) was found to be well controlled and was below the ceiling value of one-third of the variance explained by the item (18.7%). However, the positive value of the disattenuated correlations indicate no evidence of the presence of secondary dimension. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">924-941</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu Lan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaohui Chi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuhao Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSING UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ INTERDISCIPLINARY UNDERSTANDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interdisciplinary Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interdisciplinary Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch Measurement Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680664.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science educators have highlighted the need to develop students to integrate knowledge across science disciplines to address real-world issues. However, there has been little research about the development of interdisciplinary assessment instruments. In this research, the instrument that measures the level of upper-secondary school students’ interdisciplinary understanding of environmental issues was developed and validated based upon Wilson’s Construct Modeling framework. After a pilot testing, the revised assessment instrument of interdisciplinary understanding covering five typical environmental problems comprised 14 multiple-choice questions and four constructed-response questions. Five hundred twenty-three eleventh graders, including 279 boys and 244 girls from mainland China, made up the research sample. The partial credit Rasch analysis has verified the reliability and validity of the interdisciplinary understanding instrument. In addition, the results of cluster analysis revealed that over half of the students could use some partially accurate scientific concepts and principles from two or more disciplinary perspectives to deal with a specific environmental issue. The validated instrument can provide insights for assessing and developing upper-secondary school students’ interdisciplinary understanding in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">811-826</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marisol Lopera-Perez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander Maz-Machado</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">María José Madrid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Astrid Cuida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ON ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometrics analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific production</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622791155.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Education has become over recent decades an emerging area of knowledge; its evolution has been conditioned not only by different regional dynamics, but also by international guidelines and trends. Therefore, the literature reports multiple and diverse pedagogical, curricular and transdisciplinary approaches to this topic. Likewise, studies on the dynamics and trends in the generation and production of knowledge are relevant to both teachers and researchers in every field of knowledge. In this sense, it is presented a bibliometric study that aims to analyse the international scientific production on Environmental Education on the Web of Science (WoS) within the categories Education and Educational Research and Education, Scientific Disciplines for the last two decades (2000-2019). The information obtained was analysed using different bibliometric techniques, like descriptive statistics, degree of collaboration and co-occurrence maps generated by VOSviewer (version 1.6.15) software. The results show the accelerated increase in the production of knowledge in this area, they present the main research contexts, as well as some educational and research perspectives. Also, the collaboration between authors and universities was identified. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">428-442</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banuçiçek Özdemir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE COMMON METAPHORICAL PERCEPTIONS OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS AS TO DNA-GENE-CHROMOSOME CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metaphorical image for DNA-gene-chromosome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenomenological research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prospective teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622791389.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was performed to determine the Common Metaphorical Perceptions of Prospective Teachers on DNA-Gene-Chromosome Concepts, despite classroom levels and university differences. For the baseline group studies, two State Universities, one from the east and the other from the north of Turkey, were selected to be studied in the Fall Semester of 2017-2018. They were respectively called University A” and “B”. The population sample contained a total of 326 students from 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th- classroom level of the “Science Education Department” of “Education Faculties.” The phenomenology design which is one of the qualitative research methods was applied. Answers to questions regarding “the metaphors of DNA-Gene-Chromosome concepts” and “under what theoretical categories the common features and metaphors were investigated” to be in line with the university differences. The research data were obtained by ‘metaphor identification’ for respective concepts and content examination studies in the framework of “Qualitative Analysis Methods.” Correspondingly, it has been determined that Prospective Teachers have common metaphors concerning DNA-Gene-Chromosome concepts, regardless of their class or university differences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">471-494</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turki Alqarni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARISON OF AUGMENTED REALITY AND CONVENTIONAL TEACHING ON SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE AND THEIR LEARNING OUTCOMES </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">augmented reality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning disabilities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning outcomes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707085.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examined the impact of the Augmented reality (AR) use on Jordanian 6th grade students' attitudes towards science and their learning outcomes. A quantitative quasi-experimental study is preceded with the Pre-test and Post-test control group design model, where 24 students who identified to have special needs participated in this study and were randomly divided into two groups. Two groups, control group 12 students were taught conventionally, and 12 students were designated as the experimental group, they used the AR technology for four weeks. The two scales used in this research were reliable and validated. The results show significant results for the AR technology in enhancing student learning outcomes. Additionally, results supported that AR technology has the potential to enhance students with learning disabilities positive attitudes. The result shows that AR technology helped students in promoting positive attitudes towards students and enhance students learning outcomes. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">558-572</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wael Musalamani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruhizan Mohammad Yasin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamisah Osman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARISON OF SCHOOL BASED-COOPERATIVE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (SB-CPBL) AND CONVENTIONAL TEACHING ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cooperative problem-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem-Based Learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ attitudes towards science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616866031.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examined the effect of the SB-CPBL on Jordanian 8th-grade students’ attitude towards science. A quantitative quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was employed in this study. 120 8th-graders, divided into two groups, were involved in this study. Two groups (60 students, 30 males, and 30 females) were designated as the experimental group; they used the SB-CPBL module for six weeks, while two groups (60 students, 30 males, and 30 females) were designated as the control group and taught conventionally. The validity and reliability of the measurements used, comprising four sub-scales with 40-items, were already robust. The statistical comparison between the groups showed a significant improvement in the SB-CPBL students’ attitudes towards learning science compared with their conventionally-taught counterparts. The findings also confirmed the insignificant effects of gender vis-à-vis attitudes towards science. The results concluded the effectiveness of SB-CPBL approach in improving students’ attitudes towards science in school settings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">261-276</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon Fah Lay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khar Thoe Ng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A COMPARISON OF SCHOOL CLIMATE WITH TIMSS 2015 SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SOUTH-EAST AND EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Classroom instructions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparative study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leadership motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680594.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since 1995, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) implemented the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) as an international comparative study. This article aims at identifying the correlations of science classroom instructions with TIMSS science achievement of eighth graders among countries in Southeast Asia and East Asia. The freely downloadable secondary data were analyzed using a plug-in for SPSS, i.e., the International Database (IDB) Analyzer (version 4.0) of IEA using an imputation methodology involving plausible values so that student’s performance can be reported. This study found that Southeast and East Asian countries with high average science achievement adequately emphasized academic success, have teachers with job satisfactions well as facing few challenges, have students with sense of belonging to school. Based on the research findings, policy recommendations were made to the Malaysian Ministry of Education to boost Malaysian eighth graders' science performance in the forthcoming TIMSS studies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">790-810</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minsu Ha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yustika Sya’bandari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ai Nurlaelasari Rusmana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahmi Qurota Aini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah Meilani Fadillah</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FORT INSTRUMENT: USING DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS TO EXPLORE STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC REASONING BASED ON ACADEMIC LEVEL AND GENDER DIFFERENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">confidence level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distractor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indonesian student</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific (formal) reasoning test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific reasoning ability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639222151.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific reasoning ability is essential to get developed in the current digital age, particularly in the process of judgement and decision-making in complex problems. Few studies have conducted an in-depth exploration of scientific reasoning ability, especially in relation to the confidence level and gender. The scientific reasoning ability of Indonesian upper-secondary school and university students were examined and compared with previous recorded data of US students. In this study, the data were collected from 372 university and 528 upper-secondary education students in Indonesia. Students’ scientific reasoning ability was measured using a scientific formal reasoning test (FORT). In addition, confidence level and metacognitive data was collected through self-reported measures. Two-way ANOVA was performed to compare mean differences between groups based on academic level and gender and to observe interaction between the variables. Students’ confidence level in selecting the correct answer and distractor answer was analyzed using an independent t-test. The results reveal that many Indonesian students selected specific distractors with relatively high confidence. Moreover, upper-secondary school students and female students selected more distractors than the groups’ counterparts. Finally, the factors related to Indonesian students’ responses to the scientific formal reasoning were discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">906-923</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo   Bussotti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONCEPT OF INERTIA: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inertia law</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sensorial experiences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648316.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Every body perseveres in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed thereon” (p. Newton 1846, p. 83).
This is the famous first axiom or law of motion stated by Newton in his masterpiece The Mathematical principles of natural philosophy (ivi). Everywhere, in the courses of physics at the high school level the inertia principle is the first to be taught. However, there are many doubts that most of learners fully grasp its numerous and fundamental nuances, which are necessary for a satisfying introduction to physics. Therefore, I propose an interdisciplinary approach for the explanation of this principle in which history of science and analysis of the daily experiences are joined to offer a complete comprehension of the concept of inertia. 
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-9</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De-An Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qin Zhao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiao-Qi Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wan-Mei Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rui Dai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang Xiao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bing Yu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPTIONS OF LEARNING SCIENCE IN INFORMAL ENVIRONMENTS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MAINLAND CHINA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students; Mainland China; conceptions of learning science; informal environments; phenomenographic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622791047.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous studies on students’ conceptions of learning science (COLS) have focused primarily on formal environments. In these studies, students’ COLS were positively associated with their approaches to and outcomes for science learning. However, little research has been conducted to explore students’ conceptions of learning science in informal environments (COLSIE), despite its importance to students’ academic achievement. To fill this research gap, this study qualitatively and quantitatively explored Chinese primary school students’ COLSIE. First, in Study I, interview data gathered from a group of 80 students were analysed using the phenomenographic method, and ten hierarchical categories of COLSIE emerged (e.g., communicating and explaining). Based on these categories, a survey was developed and distributed to another group of 414 students in Study II. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to validate the survey, which revealed nine factors matching the ten categories except for the initial categories of applying and understanding. This study also revealed the commonalities and uniqueness of COLSIE in comparison with students’ COLS in formal environments. The findings suggested that informal science learning experiences may strengthen students’ impressions of science practices. Science educators are encouraged to provide their students with opportunities to engage with science practices in informal environments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">407-427</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuhua Mai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yangyi Qian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linshen Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haihang Lan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM IN UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: EVIDENCE FROM FACTOR ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical equilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648800.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to explore the conceptual structure of chemical equilibrium in upper-secondary school students using factor analysis. Research on chemistry education has shown that chemical equilibrium is an important but difficult-to-understand topic. Exploring the conceptual structure of chemical equilibrium among students will help chemistry researchers and educators to conduct more targeted teaching practices. Based on a survey of chemistry research and teaching practice experts, a high-quality concept pool composed of 24 relevant concepts was developed. Next, a survey involving a total of over 700 twelfth-grade students from five upper-secondary schools was conducted, and a factor analysis was utilized to determine the conceptual structure. The results showed that a three-factor model and a five-factor model with 15 relevant concepts were all accepted as the conceptual structure for students. The new form of conceptual structure in this research helps understand the features and categories in students’ latent organization of concepts. Also, it may be revealed that factor analysis can be utilized as an approach to exploring students’ conceptual structure.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80-92</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jianqiang Ye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shuaishuai Mi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hualin Bi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSTRUCTING CORE TEACHING COMPETENCY INDICATORS FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERS IN CHINA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analytic Hierarchy Process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fuzzy Delphi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching competence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622790950.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science teachers play a key role in successfully implementing science education reforms and providing all students with meaningful science learning opportunities. Therefore, what core teaching competencies do science teachers need to have in their practice? This study uses fuzzy Delphi technique and Analytic Hierarchy Process to approach the above problems. Experts from Chinese universities, secondary schools and educational research institutions were invited to participate in two rounds of Delphi process. The research results show that the four domains of core teaching competencies of science teachers and their 21 competencies have high content validity. Additionally, it can be concluded that the weights of core competencies of making learning objectives, raising pedagogical questions, stimulating learning motivation and analyzing course content ranked high, while the weights of core competencies of using information technology and multimedia, evaluating practical work, and presenting research results have received less attention. It is believed that the results of this study can enlighten the education reform of science teachers and promote the professional development of pre-service/in-service science teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">389-406</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629706597.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 20, No. 4, 2021, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">523</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622790426.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2021, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633974371.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 20, No. 5, 2021, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">695</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648128.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2021, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616865426.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2021</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639221798.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 20, No. 6, 2021, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">863</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milica M. Gajić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomka B. Miljanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Babić-Kekez, S. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera D. Županec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamara T. Jovanović</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORRELATIONS BETWEEN TEACHING STRATEGIES IN BIOLOGY, LEARNING STYLES, AND STUDENT SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR INQUIRY BASED TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">descriptive method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning styles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching strategies in biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theoretical analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616865664.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research studies aimed at finding a more efficient model of teaching biology are still sporadic and inconsistent in the contemporary literature. The main aim of the research was to examine the correlation between the application of teaching strategies in biology teaching and students' school achievements, depending on how much the teacher respects their learning styles. The method of theoretical analysis and descriptive method were applied in the research. The sample consisted of 151 third-grade students (39.7% male and 60.3% female) of upper-secondary school.  Kolb’s Inventory of Learning Styles and Questionnaire for Assessing the Teaching Strategies of Biology Teachers were used as data gathering tools. Independent t-test, χ2 - square test, and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze data. The results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between teaching strategies, learning styles, and students' school achievement in biology learning. At the same time, students perceived the applied teaching strategies differently, and manifested different dimensions of learning styles. This was followed by the conclusion that students achieved better school achievements in biology teaching when they were taught in the ways that corresponded to their learning styles, which pointed to certain implications for inquiry-based teaching, as well as in education of future biology teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">184-203</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633679868.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 20, No. 5, 2021, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">693-694</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639221751.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover, JBSE, Vol. 20, No. 6, 2021</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">861-862</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629706542.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 20, No. 4, 2021, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">521-522</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622790385.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 20, No. 3, JBSE, 2021</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">337-338</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648080.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2021</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616865380.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2021</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">165-166</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jamilah Ahmad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CURIOSITY TOWARDS STEM EDUCATION: A QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curiosity towards STEM Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">questionnaire development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch Measurement Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">validity and reliability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616866175.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There are limited research studies about the development of questionnaire to assess the level of primary school students’ curiosity towards STEM education. In this research, curiosity towards STEM Education Questionnaire (CQ-STEM) instrument was developed based on Berlyne’s Theory of Curiosity. CQ-STEM consisted of 10 items measuring the two constructs of curiosity towards STEM, namely exploration and acceptance. A total of 166 fifth graders aged 10 to 11 years enrolled in five urban schools in Sabah, Malaysia made up the research sample. Rasch Measurement Model was applied to determine the validity and reliability of CQ-STEM. The validity of the CQ-STEM instrument was well established among the constructs of exploration and acceptance through the person fit, item fit, item polarity, unidimensionality, and variable map. The CQ-STEM instrument was found to have a high reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha value (KR-20) of .93.  CQ-STEM has an excellent item reliability and moderate high item separation value of .96 and 4.83 respectively. In conclusion, CQ-STEM has good validity and high reliability in measuring curiosity towards STEM Education among primary school students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">289-304</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hüseyin Ateş</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gülcan Demir Özdenk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cüneyt Çalışkan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINANTS OF SCIENCE TEACHERS’ HEALTHY EATING BEHAVIORS: COMBINING HEALTH BELIEF MODEL AND THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health belief model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">healthy eating behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theory of Planned Behavior</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707190.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of determinants of science teachers’ healthy eating intentions and behaviors by combining the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior into one conceptual framework and considering the mediating impact of attitude and intention on behavior. This study was conducted based on cross sectional study design between November 2019 and February 2020. A total of 13 hypotheses were tested and data collected from 563 science teachers in Turkey were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of the study showed that the proposed model explained the variance in intention and behavior at a more satisfactory level than existing theories. The results also revealed that all of the hypotheses were supported. In addition, the mediating role of attitude and intention in understanding science teachers’ healthy eating behaviors was identified. The study can provide important implications for education stakeholders, curriculum developers and science educators. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">573-589</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Fidan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meric Tuncel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING A SELF-EFFICACY SCALE TOWARD PHYSICS SUBJECTS FOR LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics subjects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy belief</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648551.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics subjects or topics as a part of science education enable students to explore nature and natural events by using physics laws and scientific methods. In the lower-secondary school, physics is a subfield within the science curriculum developed holistically with the broad field curriculum design unlike the subject-centred curriculum in the upper-secondary education. As an important factor that directs the achievement, self-efficacy is one of the predecessors of these cognitive and affective skills. Accordingly, most of the scales which evaluate the students’ cognitive or affective skills in the lower-secondary school are related to science course in a general context. This research aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale measuring the students’ self-efficacy beliefs toward physics subjects for lower-secondary schools. The sample consists of 2737 students. The draft scale consisted of 52 items and was applied to 1882 students in the first stage. To construct validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis was performed. The results showed that the scale consisted of single- factor with 28 items. To confirm its factor structure, the scale was applied to 785 students. The research findings indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the self-efficacy beliefs towards physics subjects. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38-49</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jamilah Ahmad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILDREN ENTREPRENEURIAL SCIENCE THINKING TEST FOR STEM EDUCATION </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experiential learning theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science entrepreneurial thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">validity and reliability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629706893.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There are limited research studies about the development of test instrument to assess the level of entrepreneurial thinking among children in STEM education. The purpose of this research was to develop an Entrepreneurial Science Thinking Test (ESTT) for primary school children in STEM Education and evaluate its validity and reliability. The ESTT was developed using experiential learning theory which comprised of five constructs, namely Observation, New Ideas, Innovation, Creativity, and Value. The ESTT consisted of ten open-ended question items that require children to answer questions in statements and draw sketches of ideas. The evaluation was conducted to determine the reliability and validity of ESTT which involved five subject matter experts and 166 11-year-old fifth graders from five urban schools in Sabah, Malaysia. The data obtained from fifth graders were computed using WINSTEPS software version 3.73 and analysed using the Rasch measurement model. The results indicated a high acceptable content validity and construct validity, high internal consistency, and excellent item reliability and item separation. Through item fit analysis, all items were retained. The finding established the reliability and validity of the ESTT and would therefore represent a valid and highly reliable instrument for measuring entrepreneurial science thinking among fifth graders in STEM Education. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">528-545</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branka Radulović</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND STUDENTS’ INVOLVEMENT OF TEACHING APPROACH BASED ON GAME-BASED STUDENT RESPONSE SYSTEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GSRS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ involvement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622791464.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modern approaches in Physics classes which involve the game-based student response system (GSRS) have been in use for a while, but their educational efficiency and students’ involvement have not been examined. Therefore, this research’s main aim was to determine the educational efficiency and students’ involvement of GSRS and to assess their effect on scientific reasoning. The values of educational efficiency and students’ involvement were calculated based on students’ achievement and perceived mental effort. To determine these values, a pedagogical experiment with parallel groups was applied. The research was conducted on a sample of 172 secondary school students, and included material related to direct currents. The results point to positive and higher values of the educational efficiency and students’ involvement for GSRS approach than the conventional approach. It means that GSRS approach causes lower mental effort, letting more space generate in the working memory to perceive and process new information. The results also show a positive effect of GSRS on higher students’ engagement during the class and scientific reasoning. The obtained results undoubtedly indicate the positive effect of GSRS on the students’ performance. Therefore, GSRS approach should be used often in the classroom. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">495-506</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liang-Ting Tsai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng-Chieh Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hao-Ti Cheng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF A STEM-ORIENTED COURSE ON STUDENTS’ MARINE SCIENCE MOTIVATION, INTEREST, AND ACHIEVEMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">marine science achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611649111.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years, marine science education has received increasing attention around the world, but the integration of STEM education into the marine curriculum is rarely applied to lower-secondary schools. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of a teaching module on the topic of marine science, developed using a STEM approach, on the motivation, interest, and marine science achievements. The 9th-grade students from two classes in a Taiwanese public school were recruited in this study. Students in the experimental group were taught using the STEM course. Students in the control group were taught in a traditional didactic teaching course. Pre- and post-tests were used to determine marine science achievement, interest, and learning motivation. The experimental group gained significantly superior scores in three out of four dimensions towards motivation and two out of three dimensions interest. A significant difference was found between the experimental group and the control group, with the former showing increased marine science achievement over the latter in higher-order thinking; however, no significant differences were with respect to cognition. It is concluded that involving STEM-based implementations in teaching, the subject “Marine Science” increases the success rate and attitude towards the subject of students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">134-145</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ning Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aik-Ling Tan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu-Rong Xiao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feng Zeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiong Xiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei Duan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF LEARNING EXPERIENCES ON INTEREST IN STEM CAREERS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interest in STEM careers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning experiences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Cognitive Career Theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM careers perceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural equation model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707739.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning experiences can affect students' interest in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. Applying the social cognitive career theory, this study tested and compared the effect size and effect mechanism of formal learning experiences (FLE) and informal learning experiences (ILE) on 1133 tenth-grade students' interest in STEM careers (ISC) through a paper questionnaire survey. The results of structural equation model analysis showed that: 1) The total effect of ILE on students' ISC is much greater than that of FLE; 2) ILE, STEM self-efficacy (SSE) and STEM careers perceptions (SCP) can directly affect students' ISC; FLE and ILE can also indirectly affect students' ISC through the mediating role of SSE and SCP. The analyses suggest that in order to improve students' ISC, STEM education (especially informal STEM education) should be strengthened, both formal and informal education should pay attention to the cultivation of students' SSE and SCP.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">651-663</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cenk Akay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sedat Kanadli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF REACT STRATEGY ON ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: A MIXED RESEARCH SYNTHESIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contextual teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed research synthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REACT strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639221934.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is a contradiction in the literature about the effect of REACT strategy on science achievement. This study aims to resolve this contradiction by determining the effect of REACT strategy on student science achievement and the factors affecting this strategy by integrating findings obtained from both qualitative and quantitative studies. The study was conducted using a mixed-research synthesis by including 19 quantitative and 10 qualitative studies. Data obtained from quantitative findings were combined using a meta-analysis method, and data from qualitative findings were combined using a thematic synthesis method. It was attempted to explain the variance between studies included in the meta-analysis by using analytic themes derived from the thematic synthesis. As a result of the meta-analysis, teaching based on the REACT strategy was found to have a strong effect on science achievement (ES = 1.041, 95% CI: 0.7876 to 1.2948). The thematic synthesis yielded four descriptive themes, “teaching-learning process in the REACT strategy”, “learning outcomes in the REACT strategy”, “limitations of the REACT strategy”, and “recommendations for practice”. Teaching based on the REACT strategy was found to contribute largely to the learning process and learning outcomes. Some limitations were found in practice, and recommendations were determined to address these limitations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">868-880</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jia-Wen Xiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cai-Qin Han</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF TEACHING AND LEARNING-SCRUM ON IMPROVEMENT PHYSICS ACHIEVEMENT AND TEAM COLLABORATION ABILITY OF LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">team collaboration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TL-Scrum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639222485.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Employers believe that people with the ability to work in teams can bring success to their business. Therefore, it is very essential to start cultivating students' teamwork skills in lower-secondary school to prepare students for the future. This study took &quot;Physics in Bicycles&quot; as an example to explore the effect of Teaching and Learning-Scrum (TL-Scrum) on students' physics achievement and team collaboration ability. It was conducted at a lower-secondary school in Changsha, China. &quot;Physical Knowledge of Bicycles&quot; Test and &quot;Team Collaboration Ability&quot; Measurement were applied to the two groups prior to and following the experiment. The experimental group (N=61) participated in TL-Scrum teaching, whereas the control group (N=58) participated without TL-Scrum teaching. The results revealed a significant difference between the two groups, with the experimental group learners performing better than the control group in the academic achievement. In addition, the results showed better positive effects of TL-Scrum on experimental group learners in team collaboration ability. Results suggested that learners achieved better academic achievements and team collaboration with the approach of TL-Scrum, which pointed to certain implications for physics teaching research, as well as in education of future physics teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">983-1000</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Israel Kibirige</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kgashane Bethuel Bodirwa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF USING COMPUTER SIMULATIONS ON GRADE 11 LEARNERS’ PERFORMANCE IN PLANTS BIODIVERSITY IN SOUTH AFRICA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer simulations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learners’ performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solomon Four-Group Design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Talk and Chalk Method (TCM)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707411.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers use different pedagogies to improve learners’ performance. The study explored the effect of Computer Simulations (CS) on Grade 11 learners’ performance when taught Plants Biodiversity. A Solomon Four-Group design was used to cater for internal and external validity. Sixty-six learners were assigned to two Control Groups (CG) taught using CS and 66 learners to two Experimental Groups (EG) taught using Talk and Chalk Method (TCM). The pre-test was administered to EG1 and CG1, while post-tests were administered to all four groups. Focus Group Discussion Interviews (FGDI) were conducted with 12 learners: six from EG and six from CG. Quantitative data were analyzed using a T-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that EG outperformed CG (T-test; ANOVA; p &lt; .05). Boys’ and girls’ performance in EG did not differ significantly, suggesting that CS favour both gender to perform well. CS positively influenced EG learners’ attitudes towards Biodiversity topic, but not CG. Thus, CS is an effective tool for enhancing learners’ performance. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">612-621</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chu-yu Ou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Rui Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chu-Ting Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Na Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hua Xiao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF AUTONOMY-SUPPORTIVE AND CONTROLLING TEACHING BEHAVIORS ON PRIMARY STUDENTS' STEM LEARNING PERFORMANCE AND FLOW EXPERIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">autonomy-supportive teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">controlling teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flow experience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intrinsic motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM project</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639222297.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flow experience plays a major role in influencing students’ interest of STEM, which is the key to promote STEM talent development. Various teaching behaviors contribute differently to student learning performance and flow experience. Specifically, this research sought to concretely explore the different influences of Autonomy-supportive (AS) teaching behavior and Controlling (C) teaching behavior on students’ STEM learning performance and flow experience. The research conducted an experimental exploration of STEM project among primary school students in two groups with two different teaching behaviors (AS and C) respectively. T-test and ANCOVA analysis revealed that both teaching behaviors greatly contributed to improvement of students’ learning performance. MANCOVA analysis showed that students in Autonomy-supportive group got slightly significant higher flow experience than those in Control group. Regarding flow constructs, both groups had the similar level of engagement, but students in Autonomy-supportive group had higher enjoyment, and stronger control than those in the other group. In other words, Autonomy-supportive teaching behavior and Controlling teaching behavior both enhanced greatly students’ STEM learning performance. While Autonomy-supportive teaching behavior allowed students to be more enjoyable and have a higher level of control in STEM learning. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">942-955</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feyzi Osman Pekel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF CONCEPT CARTOONS AND ARGUMENTATION BASED CONCEPT CARTOONS ON STUDENTS' ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept cartoons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">living things</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experimental research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639222356.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although &quot;Reproduction, Growth, and Development in Living Things&quot; (RGDLT) is a core topic in the Turkish science curriculum, it is known that students have difficulties in understanding. Integrating concept cartoons and argumentation into the teaching of this unit has the potential to promote students' interest and understanding. This research is the first to compare the effects of concept cartoons and argumentation-based concept cartoons on students' academic achievement in teaching sixth grade RGDLT subjects. The research was performed with two experimental groups and one control group in a secondary school in Turkey. A quasi-experimental research design was used in the research. Analysis of the post-test results revealed that the success of the group using concept cartoons was higher than the control group, but more importantly, the success of the group using argumentation-based concept cartoons was higher than the group using concept cartoons. The results of this research indicate that the academic achievement of students can be increased significantly when concept cartoons and argumentation-based concept cartoon activities are used in addition to the constructivist methods in teaching these subjects. The results of the research serve as a guide for teachers and researchers interested in teaching science and biology subjects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">956-968</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Batuhan Özkan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Noyan Tekeli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ENGAGEMENT FACTORS ON SCIENCE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN SINGAPORE AND TURKEY USING MULTI-GROUP STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT engagement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">measurement invariance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multi-group SEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA 2018</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science performance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707601.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information and Communication Technology (ICT) engagement, as a multidimensional construct, plays an increasingly important role in education. The main purpose of this research was to explore the effects of ICT engagement factors on science performance across Singapore and Turkey conditional to the sufficient degree of measurement invariance of ICT engagement scale. The multi-group confirmatory factor analysis results demonstrated strong factorial invariance of ICT engagement scale across Singapore and Turkey, so we were able to use ICT engagement scale to meaningful and valid comparisons between these countries. After obtaining measurement invariance, a multi-group structural equation modeling was used for the comparison of the effects of ICT engagement factors on student’s performance of science between these two countries. While interest in ICT, perceived ICT competence and perceived autonomy in using ICT have significant positive direct effect on science performance in both countries, the direct effect of social relatedness in using ICT on science performance is negative in both Singapore and Turkey. Also, when compared with Singapore, the effects of all ICT engagement constructs on student’s performance are higher in Turkey.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">639-650</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayşegül Dedetürk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aslı Saylan Kırmızıgül</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Kaya</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF STEM ACTIVITIES ON 6TH GRADE STUDENTS' CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOUND</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648462.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engineering design process-oriented STEM activities are activities that involve solving a real-world problem with teamwork by using integrative engineering design and engineering applications using scientific and mathematical concepts and 21st century skills. The research aimed to examine the effects of engineering design process-oriented STEM activities, which were developed for sound concept, on the conceptual development of 6th grade students. In the research, comparative case study design was used. The study group consisted of 40 students attending a middle school in Kayseri, Turkey. The teaching was carried out by the activities in science curriculum in the control group, while it was carried out by engineering design process-oriented STEM activities in the experimental group. Each student was individually interviewed using 11 open-ended questions in a verbal format. The mean of Kappa coefficients of the questions was 0.93. As a result of content analysis, 11 categories, including 21 themes and 81 codes, were obtained. When the differences between pre- and post-interviews were examined, it was seen that conceptual understanding levels of the students in experimental group were more positive than the students in control group. This shows that engineering design process-oriented integrated STEM activities have positive effects on students’ conceptual understanding of sound. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21-37</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639222534.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 20, No. 6, 2021</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1001-1004</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680889.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 20, No. 5, 2021, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">857-860</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611649257.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2021, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">160-164</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629708009.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 20, No. 4, 2021, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">691-692</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622791586.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2021, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">519-520</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616866345.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2021</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">332-336</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nataša Dolenc Orbanić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nives Kovač</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOUR OF PRESERVICE PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental behaviour</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622790863.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental education represents an important factor in solving environmental issues and teachers have an important role in developing the environmental literacy of future generations. The aim of the present research was to assess and compare preservice preschool and primary school teachers’ environmental awareness, attitudes, and behaviour, as well as their opinions about environmental education. The research was carried out with 152 Slovenian preservice teachers of the Faculty of Education, University of Primorska. The data were collected using a questionnaire. Results showed that students have a relatively high level of environmental awareness and mostly demonstrated a positive attitude towards nature and its protection. Students highlighted the importance of environmental education in early childhood. The research showed no significant differences in the responses of students of both programmes in general, which indicates that the course contents have a less significant influence on students’ awareness, behaviour, and attitudes. According to the findings, there is a need for an improved course within the teacher training programme, especially with the implementation of more innovative teaching methods and activities to increase students’ environmental literacy. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">373-388</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilgün Bakkaloğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pınar Özdemir Şimşek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN EVALUATION OF THE CREATIVE DRAMA METHOD USED IN THIRD- AND FOURTH- GRADE CLASSES ON ENVIRONMENTAL TOPICS BY TEACHING METHOD AND TEACHER EFFECT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative drama method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher effect</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707310.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study deals with the effects of applying drama method in the teaching of environmental issues in science courses on the achievement, retention of learning, student interest and attitudes of primary school students and also whether these effects are dependent on teachers. The study was designed on the basis of the Solomon Four-Group Design. The study is a two group pre- and post-test experiment in two parts, each part having an experimental and control group. The courses were delivered to both groups by the researcher in the first part and drama teacher in the second. The experimental groups received 144 hours of teaching for six weeks, during which a drama course outline was employed, while in the control groups the courses followed the course outlines covered in the curricula. The data were collected using the Environmental Achievement Test, Interest Scale towards the Environment and Attitude Scale towards Science. The findings suggest that the teachers had some effects on the methods, but the significant differences in scores were due to the drama method, which was found to improve the achievement of the third-grade students and the interest towards environment and attitudes towards science of both third- and fourth-grade students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">590-611</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bob Maseko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hlologelo Climant Khoza</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING IN-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ABOUT GOALS OR PURPOSES OF SCIENCE TEACHING </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum emphasis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">goals or purposes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teachers’ beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching orientations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher professional knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622791320.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research indicates that teachers’ beliefs about goals or purposes of science teaching, as one dimension of science teaching orientations, influence what happens in the classroom. The purpose of this research was to explore the self-reported and enacted goals or purposes of science teaching of four in-service Malawian science teachers using the curriculum emphases concept as a theoretical lens. This research used qualitative case study research design. Semi-structured interviews and classroom observations were used to explore teachers’ self-reported and enacted goals or purpose of science teaching, respectively. A deductive analysis approach was used to analyze interview and classroom observation transcripts, to understand the teacher’s goals or purposes. Results reveal that while teachers have multiple self-reported goals or purpose of science teaching, most of these are not enacted during teaching in the classrooms. This suggests the topic-specific nature of the goals or purposes. Results also show that all the teachers were not aware of the self-as-explainer goal or purpose of science teaching both during interviews and instruction. These findings are discussed, and implications are proposed for science in-service teacher professional development and pre-service teachers’ training programs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">456-470</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li Zhao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei He</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiaohong Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kai-Hsin Tai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon-Chao Hong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING THE EFFECTS ON FIFTH GRADERS’ CONCEPT ACHIEVEMENT AND SCIENTIFIC EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS: APPLYING THE PREDICTION-OBSERVATION-EXPLANATION INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING MODEL IN SCIENCE EDUCATION </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light refraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prediction-observation-explanation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific epistemological beliefs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707839.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The inquiry-based learning model can facilitate students’ understanding of scientific concepts. Scientific epistemological beliefs (SEBs) are related to students’ beliefs about the nature of the process of knowledge in science education. However, whether the “prediction-observation-explanation” (POE) inquiry-based learning model can facilitate fifth graders’ concept achievement and SEBs in science education has not been extensively studied. This study selected the unit of Light Refraction to explore the effects of POE learning on fifth graders’ science concept achievement and SEBs. The Light Refraction Test and Scientific Epistemological Beliefs measurement were applied to the two groups prior to and following the experiment. The experimental group (N=86) participated in POE inquiry-based learning, whereas the control group (N=88) participated without POE inquiry-based learning. The results revealed a significant difference between the two groups, with the experimental group learners performing better than the control group in the concept achievement. In addition, the results showed better positive effects of POE on experimental group learners’ SEBs in the scales of Source and Certainty. Findings suggested that learners achieved better concept achievements and SEBs with the approach of POE inquiry-based learning, which pointed to certain implications for inquiry-based teaching, as well as in education of future science instructors.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">664-676</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mária Ganajová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Sotáková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanislav Lukáč</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuzana Ješková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veronika Jurková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renáta Orosová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT AS A TOOL TO ENHANCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF INQUIRY SKILLS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment classroom techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616865729.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Formative assessment (FA) is considered a powerful tool to enhance learning. However, there have been few studies addressing how the implementation of FA influences the development of inquiry skills so far. This research intends to determine the efficacy of teaching using FA in the development of students’ inquiry skills. A test of inquiry skills was used as the main research instrument to identify the level of the selected inquiry skills before and after a period of teaching with or without FA in the experimental and control group respectively. In the experimental group (n=73), FA was implemented across five subjects: biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and informatics, while the control group (n=48) was taught without any external intervention. In both groups, mostly teacher-centred methods of teaching were applied. The research findings confirmed a low initial level of inquiry skills. Teaching using FA showed higher efficacy than teaching without FA, even without a special focus on the inquiry methods. The experimental group achieved significantly better results compared to the control group. In addition, the results confirmed higher efficacy of FA in lower performing students. Gender did not prove as a determining factor in the effective implementation of FA.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">204-222</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei Fang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE GENERATIVE MECHANISM OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ OCCUPATIONAL EXPECTATIONS IN THE BALTIC COUNTRIES: INFLUENCE OF FAMILY, SCHOOL, AND INDIVIDUAL SCIENCE LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">occupational expectation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA 2018 datasets</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">two-level latent covariate model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680421.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gender, learning achievements, parents’ occupational status, social-economic backgrounds, and a few traits of schools affect students’ occupational expectations. However, no research had integrated the above factors to investigate the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations. After combining student-level and school-level PISA 2018 datasets, two-level latent covariate modeling was used to find the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations in the Baltic countries. The mechanism had its primary concern to understand roles parents’ occupational status and individual science learning achievement played on students’ occupational expectations. The results indicate that the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations of Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia are the power model, the maternal model, and the science learning achievement pattern, respectively. It suggests one parent having high occupational status is to mold children’s high-skilled occupational expectations, and it would be better the mother is the higher occupational status parent. It highlights the importance of strengthening adult education, especially that aimed at families with both parents of low occupational status. It disapproves of a mother being a full-time housewife. It may impede her children from having ambitions for high-skilled jobs. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">759-774</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moonika Teppo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regina Soobard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GRADE 6 &amp; 9 STUDENT AND TEACHER PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING APPROACHES IN RELATION TO STUDENT PERCEIVED INTEREST/ENJOYMENT TOWARDS SCIENCE LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">exploratory structural equation modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regression analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student interest/enjoyment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching-learning approaches</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611649035.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student perceptions of science teaching could be expected to differ in grade 6 compared with teaching in grade 9, as could student interest in science learning. To compare Estonian grades 6 and 9, lower secondary school student and science teacher perceptions of teaching/learning approaches as well as student perceived interests/enjoyment on science learning, an instrument was developed taken into account 18 different teaching approaches that could take place in science lessons. An analytical, exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) approach supported 4-factor models differentiating between teacher-centred and constructivist approaches for both teachers and students, each having acceptable model fits. Based on outcomes, a regression model was developed associating student interest to learn science with the frequency of teaching and learning approaches explored. Results indicated that approaches associated with teacher-centred approaches were those most frequently undertaken in science classes when compared with those seen as social constructivist and student-centred, both among science teachers and students. Regression analysis showed that there was a relationship between student interest/enjoyment towards science subjects and the frequency, in which different teaching and learning approaches took place in the classroom. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-133</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yin-yin Wu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACT OF INSTRUCTION ON SCIENCE PERFORMANCE: LEARNING INITIATIVE AS A MEDIATOR AND GENDER AS A LIMITED MODERATOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eighth-grade students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender difference</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediation analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science performance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648627.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research explores whether classroom life (CL), textbooks (TE), and learning initiative (LI) are mediators between instruction (P) and science performance, as well as whether these mechanisms are moderated by gender. 484 eighth grade students completed the questionnaire with four subscales of P, LI, TE, and CL. For the needs of triangulation and complementarity, three focus group interviews were conducted later. Based on mediation analysis and multi-group structural equation modeling, it was found that 1) the direct effects of P on LI, P on CL, P on TE, and LI on science performance are significant, while the other direct effects are insignificant; 2) comparing to the male group, the direct effect of P on LI in the female group is larger; 3) characteristics hindering students’ science learning include: the pace of a lesson is too fast, pictures and experiments are less in the textbook, and top students and low proficiency students are uncooperative. Findings expose that instruction significantly influence students’ science performance, and this impact is completely mediated by students’ learning initiatives. The relation between instruction and learning initiative is stronger in the female group. Textbooks can be useless in the context that instruction does not match students' learning ability.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50-66</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">César Agostinis-Sobrinho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inga Dailidienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alona Rauckienė-Michaelsson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACT ON HEALTH EDUCATION FROM COVID-19 AND CLIMATE CHANGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Covid-19 pandemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health policies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616865527.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">World Health Organization (WHO) health policy for Europe “Health 2020” became a stimulus for many countries to renew their national health policies, and it is a guide of actions (WHO, 2013). Long-term studies proved that health is closely linked to socio - economic indicators, among which age plays a major role, and education. Given that there are as many healthy people as possible, it is especially important to form the most important young people attitude to health, to develop a personality who would take care of the health of yourself, your family and those around you. Schools, colleges, and universities are the medium in which a mature generation of future intellectuals are capable and possessed to have a major influence on the development of the state and, with knowledge of the principles of good health, to contribute to and to shape the health policy of the right country, its implementation and at the same time to the population of the country improving health (Misevičienė et al., 2017).  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">168-170</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King-Dow Su</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPLEMENTATION OF SSI CONCEPT MAPPING AS A DYNAMIC LEARNING ENVIRONMENT TO ENHANCE STUDENTS' SCIENTIFIC PERFORMANCE </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept mapping (CM)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific issues (SSI)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SSICM contexts</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639222419.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The presented research focuses on verifying the confluent application of concept mapping (CM) and socio-scientific issues (SSI) according to the value-laden and moral dilemma orientation to construct problem-solving performance. This research sets up some perspectives for all 146 participants, including 139 students and 7 experts. All findings reveal that the design of SSICM contexts includes a rebuttal process and incense claim to improve students' argument response (16.4%), to increase content knowledge and illuminate their science learning by argumentations. To develop an assessment tool with high validity and reliability (Cronbach's α &gt; .9) and find positive presentations of all learning attitudes in the SSICM context, learning environment and results will concern the best argumentation process. Students’ interview responses and SWOT analysis of teachers indicate that SSICM's use of argument in the classroom is a real benefit. The research provided a better paradigm of attempts to combine analytical and academic hypotheses to explain literature sources by teachers, researchers, textbook developers, and editors. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">969-982</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hiroyoshi Kinoshita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryosuke Utani</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNING PROGRESSIONS IN LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE EDUCATION IN JAPAN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning progressions (LPs)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary school science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systemic learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680500.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examined whether incorporating learning progress (LPs) in teaching can help Japanese lower-secondary school students systemically understand science concepts. A teaching plan incorporating the learning progressions (LPs) concept was developed. Next, a lesson was conducted for 36 third-year students of a public lower-secondary school in Japan (Hiroshima Prefecture) from the unit of “Ions and Atoms.” Then, the portfolios used in the class and the assessment questions after the class were analyzed. The results show that some students understood the concepts systemically at the grade level indicated by the LPs; however, some students did not. The results of this study suggest the following: (1) teachers should examine the appropriate teaching methods in the target unit and incorporate teaching to allow students to engage with what they are learning; (2) students should understand the lower-level concepts related to the target unit based on LPs, and if the level of understanding is insufficient, teachers should incorporate time to review and reconstruct the concepts. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">775-789</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali Ihsan Benzer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suat Ünal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELS AND MODELLING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION IN TURKEY: A LITERATURE REVIEW</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">literature review</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modelling in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">models in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622790650.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examined articles about models and modelling in the context of science education in Turkey by using content analysis method. Two specific academic databases; one of which was Dergipark, a platform including the academic journals published in Turkey, and Scholar Google were examined in detail so that totally 71 articles on models and modelling in science education were identified. The “article analysis form” developed by the researchers considering into the relevant literature was used to examine these articles. The findings were presented in tables and charts to show the frequency and percentile values regarding the articles examined. As a result, it was found that the purpose of most of the articles is to examine the effect of model / modelling-based teaching method. Concerning the discipline related in the articles, physics was seen to be on the top of the list, more specifically astronomy subject. As another result, qualitative research method appeared to be the most commonly used research method in the articles at hand. Lastly, it was found out that the most frequently examined variable was the mental model of the participants, and the most preferred data collection instrument was conceptual understanding test. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">344-359</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hye-Gyoung Yoon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mijung Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunkoog Jho</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence-based reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence-based response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">idea-based response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific evidence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680841.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific evidence-based reasoning has been recognized as a form of reasoning that characterizes scientific thinking. This study questioned what scientific evidence means in the various types of scientific activities; that is, this study explored the nature of scientific evidence (NOSE). To do this, previous studies were examined to understand how scientific evidence was analyzed, evaluated, and utilized during the scientific activities of scientists or students in scientific or everyday situations. Through this process, seven statements were identified to describe the NOSE. This study explains these seven NOSE statements, constructs a process of scientific evidence-based reasoning as a structured form by reflecting these seven statements comprehensively, and discusses the practical implications for teaching science in schools. Finally, the limitations of this study are discussed, and possible directions for future studies are suggested. It is believed that the list of NOSE characteristics can provide a starting point for further elucidation and discussion of scientific evidence and helping students’ science learning in more authentic ways.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">840-856</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King-Dow Su</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A NEW ASSESSMENT OF HOCS-ORIENTED LEARNING FOR STUDENTS’ HIGHER-ORDER THINKING ABILITIES BY MARZANO’S TAXONOMY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOCS-oriented learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge utilization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marzanos’ taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">particulate nature  of matter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616866238.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research focuses on students’ higher-order cognitive skill (HOCS)-oriented learning to construct effective hierarchical thinking abilities in their chemical particulate nature of matter. For in-depth knowledge and profound understanding, this research deals with students’ positive developments towards HOCS with a special guidance to Marzanos’ taxonomy. The methodology starts from the retrieval and comprehension of HOCS-centered assessment instrument to students’ analysis and knowledge utilization of transitional performances. 326 participants were assigned to take natural science curriculum in 2019 academic year. With the help of 7 scholars’ implements, the importance of content validity and inter-rate reliability were constructed through instrument developments of students’ HOCS performances. All research results indicated that more distributions of HOCS thinking abilities reached up to the target response of 38.0% analysis task and 27.30% knowledge utilization in Marzanos’ spectrum. This research is beneficial and advantageous that students will be capable of additional learning efficiency in their multiple interactive engagements with academic resources and suggestions from instructors, researchers, and science educators.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">305-315</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NULLIUS IN VERBA: SCIENCE VS PSEUDO-SCIENCE/FRINGE SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empowering communities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental problems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pseudoscience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">risk-taking behaviors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629706742.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The explosion of disinformation about global warming and other ecological problems could be called an infodemic , which is the term used by WHO to describe today’s pandemic situation. An infodemic means too much information, however, its importance can also be passed on to environmental problems. It causes confusion and risk-taking behaviors that can harm the health of our planet. It also leads to mistrust in authorities and undermines the public response. An infodemic can intensify or lengthen outbreaks when people are unsure about what they need to do, for example, to protect our environment. With growing digitization – an expansion of social media and internet use – information can spread more rapidly. This can help to more quickly fill information voids but can also amplify harmful messages.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">524-527</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maxwell Jnr Opoku</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angela James</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEDAGOGICAL MODEL FOR DECOLONISING, INDIGENISING AND TRANSFORMING SCIENCE EDUCATION CURRICULA: A CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context sensitive curricula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South African curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Western worldview</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648867.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Africa, Science education curricula have been instrumental in promoting Western worldviews as being universal. An educational transformation and decolonisation of the school curriculum is required. A focus on an African worldview and an integration of the local context and community-based information is necessary for survival, i.e., Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS). While IKS is enshrined in the schooling curriculum, Educators experience challenges with implementing it, because the pedagogical strategies have not been clearly described. An in-depth qualitative study was conducted with the Indigenous Knowledge (IK) holders of the Zulu cultural group and Senior High School (SHS) Science teachers to explore how IK on environmental sustainability could be taught in South African science classrooms. The research employed an interpretivist, multi-site ethnographic, qualitative approach, and naturalistic research style. In-depth interviews were used to generate data from the purposively selected community persons. The thematically analysed findings were used to develop a culturally specific pedagogical model on how to teach IK in science classrooms: touring cultural places; demystifying indigenous practices and perception; utilizing indigenous pedagogies; teaching wisdom behind indigenous practices etc. The research recommends that future studies be conducted on applying the model in different geographical and cultural schooling contexts. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">93-107</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanislav Avsec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferk Savec, V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREDICTIVE MODELLING OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TEACHERS’ INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOUR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">innovative behaviour</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predictive modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science and technology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616865598.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science and technology (S&amp;T) plays a central role in today’s knowledge- and technology-based society. The transfer of S&amp;T from the education system to the economy should be promoted by teachers using innovative behaviour as an important aspect of providing high-quality education. Several studies have found that a mismatch exists between the economy and the education sector, and that this can be gradually reduced by innovation in the education system. This research aimed to examine the innovative behaviour of pre-service S&amp;T teachers. A sample of 140 pre-service teachers from the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia was selected, and a set of instruments was used to measure their innovative behaviour in classrooms during the 2019–2020 academic year. A model was created and evaluated using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that self-efficacy and attitudes towards S&amp;T strongly predict innovative behaviour, while situational interest may vary depending on the cognitive demands of tasks. A proactive personality was found to be a key factor determining innovative behaviour, while self-efficacy has direct and indirect influences on innovative behaviour, with its indirect influence mediated by creativity and situational interest. These findings have implications for the redefinition of educational design to enhance innovation in the classroom. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171-183</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meryem Selvi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emel Çelepçıkay İslam</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PREDICTORS OF NINTH GRADE STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS PLANTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">descriptive correlational design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant recognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648946.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As plants are vital to the survival of the planet, developing positive attitude towards them is important for protection of plants, biodiversity, and the environment. The aim of this research was to determine the predictors of ninth grade students’ attitude towards plants. In the study, a descriptive correlational design was used. The data were collected from 773 upper-secondary students selected through stratified-purposive sampling. The “Plant Recognition Test” and “Plant Attitude Scale” were used as data collection tools. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the way different variables predicted attitude towards plants. The results of research indicated that the linear relationship between predictive variables and attitude towards plants explained 14% of the total variance in attitude towards plants at a significant level. Among the variables, gender, time spent in a garden, involvement in indoor or outdoor cultivation, experience with picking flowers, fruits, and/or vegetables, and plant recognition level had significant contributions to predicting variance in attitude towards plants, and the recognition of plants was determined to be the most important predictor relative to all the other variables.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108-118</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karel Vojíř</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Rusek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREFERRED CHEMISTRY CURRICULUM PERSPECTIVE: TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry textbooks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary school science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers' teaching conception</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616866298.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The (written) state curriculum is one of the cornerstones influencing education. Its specifically mediated by textbooks. In an open textbook market, the influence of the state curriculum is limited, and the main responsibility passes to individual schools or teachers. In order to understand education from the potential attainment of curriculum goals’ point of view, it is necessary to pay attention to the teachers’ textbook preferences. This research was focused on the field of lower-secondary chemistry education in Czechia, with special attention paid to the textbooks in use, their choice, and teachers’ perception of them. The data were gathered using a questionnaire distributed to a representative sample of 387 lower-secondary school chemistry teachers. The results showed that teachers favor traditional chemistry teaching conceptions. Most teachers stated that textbooks play a vital role for them when preparing lessons and new textbooks are mostly chosen by the most experienced teachers. Most teachers also expressed their preference for textbooks which contain subject-matter ordered according to the structure of chemistry, i.e. not adjusted for learners, as well as textbooks dominantly orientated towards the transmissive approach to education. Regarding the teachers’ perception of textbooks, potential limits were identified in implementing innovations in (chemical) education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">316-331</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamirirofa Chirikure</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES OF HOME-BASED PRACTICAL WORK UNDER EMERGENCY REMOTE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">emergency remote teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">home-based practical work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">laboratory-based practical work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student-teacher interactions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639222068.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practical work is ubiquitous in science education, but its enactment is challenging in remote teaching contexts. The situation was exacerbated due to a moratorium on contact classes induced by the COVID-19 pandemic that necessitated strict health protocols. Home-based practical work (HBPW) became a significant option as academic institutions shifted to emergency remote teaching. The question is whether HBPW provides equivalent learning experiences in comparison to laboratory-based practical work (LBPW). This research therefore explored pre-service science teachers’ experiences of HBPW implemented at a particular South African university. Eighty-four preservice science teachers, who engaged in HBPW in a chemistry module, were purposively selected as the participants. The data were generated through individual reflections at the end of the semester. An adaption of the equivalence theory was ideal in analysing and interpreting the results. Results show that HBPW was flexible, empowering, contextualised, and enhanced active learning. New forms of interaction emerged in the absence of physical student-teacher and student-student interactions. Concerns over its ability to develop practical skills are expressed. Recommendations are made with a view to optimising HBPW. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">894-905</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leonard Molefe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aubin, J.-B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ VIEWS ABOUT ECOSYSTEM-BASED FIELDWORK IN TERMS OF THE NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION, INVESTIGATIONS, SKILLS AND PROCESSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fieldwork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific investigations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stepwise scientific process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707518.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Today science teachers are expected to understand the nature of environmental education, and be competent in skills, methods, and procedures relevant to a science discipline. The purpose of this research was to explore pre-service science teachers’ views with regard to environmental education, investigation conducted during a freshwater ecosystem studied, skills developed and the associated stepwise scientific process. Data were collected through a five-item questionnaire that included the characteristics of environmental education, types of scientific investigations, science process skills and the scientific process. 94 students that registered for a Bachelor of Education degree participated in this research. The results from statistical analysis of the teachers’ responses showed the importance of lifelong learning, involvement of community in environmental education and development of critical and problem-solving skills. However, most teachers could not provide correct scientific investigation they conducted during the freshwater study. Although there were no correlations between the investigation, science process skills and the associated scientific process, influence of the stepwise scientific process recommended in the science curriculum was evident in the teachers’ linking of form a hypothesis to observation. The findings imply that teachers face potential challenges in understanding of scientific investigations and the scientific process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">622-638</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Na Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lu-Chang Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Rui Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chu-Ting Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qiu-ye Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De-An Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE OF STEM DOMAIN-SPECIFIC SELF-EFFICACY BELIEF AND EXPECTANCY-VALUE BELIEF</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expectancy-value</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grade levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629707968.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Most studies have concentrated in assessing students’ overall attitudes towards science, mathematics, and engineering/technology or the attitude towards individual STEM domain. The present research aims to explore primary students’ gender and grade differences of their STEM domain-specific attitudes including self-efficacy and expectancy-value beliefs, as well as their correlations. The results showed no detected significant effects among these different STEM domains in the overall attitudes, the overall self-efficacy beliefs, and the overall expectancy-value beliefs for primary students. The correlations between self-efficacy and expectancy-value were much stronger for the science domain and engineering/technology domain than the mathematics domain. No gender difference of the self-efficacy beliefs was detected except in the mathematics domain, and the result that lower primary students performed significantly better than upper primary students in the self-efficacy was also mainly contributed by the grade difference in the mathematics domain. Whereas no different expectancy-value beliefs existed across genders and grade levels in various STEM domains. The present results reported some unique performances by the primary school students compared to the elder group.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">677-690</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shyang-Chyuan Fang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partial least square</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">place attachment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pro-environmental behavior</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680085.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As the impact of climate change is increasingly intense, environmental educators of higher education would like to know the influencing factors for college students to proceed financial strategies, such as flood insurance or energy taxes, to adapt climate change; however, the sustainable environmental education provided by most colleagues still lags far behind the pace of business and government. The research is aimed at eight colleagues in Taiwan and is an undergraduate student taking courses in general environmental education. As diverse courses integrate climate change issues, distributed 1,000 questionnaires were proportionally allocated to each university according to the number of students who had taken the course; a total of 866 questionnaires were recovered. The pro-environmental behavior model be validated, and assess the correlations among risk perception, economic incentives, intrinsic motivation, sacrifice for the environment, place attachment, cheerful emotion, and social norm with partial least squares regression. For college students with high or medium knowledge on climate change, this research demonstrated that if pro-environmental behaviors bring cheerful feeling, they will induce their intrinsic motivation; meanwhile, because of environmental sacrifice and social norms, pro-environmental behaviors will trigger cheerful feeling.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">700-715</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUBLIC SCIENCE EDUCATION: ROLES AND CONTRIBUTIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public opinion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social relations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633974397.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why we need Science in our life? Why, when, and how people should learn scientific facts and acquire skills originated from application of specific scientific methods? Whether Science education is limited exclusively with the mission to prepare students to their life in the world of Physical/chemical/biological objects or vice versa it has a special cognitive potential that gives rise to the ability of every person regardless on its professional and social occupation to solve problems more effectively? JBSE publishes articles in which our authors try to answer all these questions exploring the issues of science education in different contexts. At the turn of the millennium, people have met a lot of new realities referring to issues in technologies, psychology, social relations etc. The life has changed drastically during a few last decades and a lot of traditional things seem to be perceived completely differently. How all those changes influenced the attitude to Science, how this is reflected in social and humanitarian issues, and finally, which ways should be proposed for Science Education in new reality?</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">696-699</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUBLIC SCIENCE EDUCATION: SOME MORE ROLES AND CONTRIBUTIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational ideology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science discipline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639221873.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In previous editorial (Lakhvich, 2021) we have discussed three comprehensive roles of Science Education, determining its contribution to our life: if briefly, (1) Science Education  gives the methodology to digest facts via the experiment, reasoning, and discussion; (2) Science Education gives rise to the development of logics, problem-solving skills, complements the command of language, social communication and etc.; (3) Science Education develops specific person’s thinking skills involved in inquiry, experimentation, evidence evaluation, speculation argumentation, and finally, inference. In this issue we pursue the topic discussing two more roles the Science Education contributes to our life. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">864-867</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Allan A. Bahtaji</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ROLE OF MATH AND SCIENCE EXPOSURE ON THE EFFECT OF 5E INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL IN PHYSICS CONCEPTIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5E Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prior knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648389.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5E instructional model is commonly utilized in science teaching to promote conceptual learning. However, the benefit of 5E instructional model cannot be fully attained if the knowledge and skills essential to learning were not properly established from past. Similarly, the development of new concepts cannot be fully attained if the important processes inculcated in the 5E model were not considered in teaching. In this research, the effects of 5E model instruction and previous learning experiences on the conceptual learning of students in Newtonian mechanics were evaluated. Using 2 x 2 factorial research design, the conceptual understanding of 172 undergraduate students was evaluated before and after the experiment. These participants were distributed into four groups with different programs. The result revealed that both 5E instructional model and previous learning experiences contributed to the conceptual learning of students in mechanics. Those students who received 5E instructional model and whose exposure to science and math courses is high, gained the highest increase in the mean score after the experiment. This suggests that the effectiveness of 5E instructional model can be fully achieved if the knowledge and skills essential to learning and conceptual change were properly established from previous learning experiences and activities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10-20</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matěj Novák</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Petr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomáš Ditrich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO WORK WITH THE TASKS DESIGNED FOR BIOLOGY OLYMPIAD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Olympiad</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">difficulty of tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633974438.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For the possibility of using competitive tasks from the Biology Olympiad (BiO), either directly or after certain adaptations for everyday teaching tasks in the teaching process, it was aimed to determine if students could work meaningfully with them. The success of 2nd-year secondary school students (n = 113) in solutions of tasks (n = 5) designated for BiO was compared with the solutions by the regional round BiO´s participants. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey´s multiple comparison test were used for the statistical evaluation of the data. The research shows that secondary school students achieved an average success rate of 47.58 ± 12.51 % and BiO participants 62.69 ± 9.86 %. Within the results of all selected tasks, at least someone of the class of the secondary students achieved similar results in each of the tasks as BiO participants. That indicates that secondary school students were able to work meaningfully with BiO tasks which confirmed students' eligibility for work with these tasks.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">827-839</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Karakus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zara Ersozlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jude Ocean</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SELF-EFFICACY, AFFECTIVE WELL-BEING, AND INTENT-TO-LEAVE BY SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHERS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intent-to-leave</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and mathematics teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wellbeing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616865904.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current research aims to explore the impact of Science and Mathematics teachers’ self-efficacy on their intentions to leave through the mediating effects of their affective wellbeing (stress, burnout, and depression). Data were collected from 329 teachers of Science and Mathematics who were selected randomly with a clustered sampling method from 232 secondary schools in South and East Anatolia, Turkey. The structural equation model that yielded the best fit indicated that as teachers’ self-efficacy levels increase, their stress, burnout, depression, and intent-to-leave levels decrease. Teachers with high self-efficacy are less likely to develop intention-to-leave because of their positive affective well-being indicators. Results suggest that maths and science teachers who have optimistic beliefs in their capabilities can more easily cope with the stressors at work and have better affective well-being, and consequently, a lower level of intention-to-leave. The results provide educational leaders with insights as to how better to retain qualified Science and Mathematics teachers. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">237-251</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tine Pajk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Isacker, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM EDUCATION IN ECO-FARMING SUPPORTED BY ICT AND MOBILE APPLICATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-farming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environment protection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mobile learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-formal education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667071946.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The presented research focused on developing and testing an innovative interdisciplinary STEM didactic model. The developed didactic model was introduced in the field of eco-farming. To the participants, it offers the possibility for non-formal training, which can take place anywhere and anytime. Participants require some knowledge of STEM subjects (especially chemistry and biology) as well as knowledge of ecology, technology, and engineering, in order to provide answers and solutions to environmental challenges while using knowledge of mathematics (especially combinatorics and statistics) to search for optimal solutions (in our case, a lean business plan). The model was tested in non-formal education settings, based on an interdisciplinary approach and modern technologies, such as monitoring the effectiveness of training using electroencephalography (EEG) and mobile applications. In the presented didactic model, special emphasis was placed on an interdisciplinary STEM approach to environmental protection, ecology, connatural forms of production and sustainable development.
The presented research confirms the hypotheses that non-formal education is becoming an increasingly important form of education and training, and that the use of the interdisciplinary didactic model, contemporary technologies, and mobile applications, increases the time and intensity of concentration in learning and thus improves learning effectiveness. 
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">277-288</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekir Yıldırım</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erdinç Öcal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emine Şahin-Topalcengiz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM IN MOVIES: FEMALE PRESERVICE TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVES ON MOVIE &quot;HIDDEN FIGURES&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender perception in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hidden figures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">women in movie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633974420.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Movies are informal teaching tools to make teaching relevant to a diverse group of students. The use of movies may enhance students’ interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). They can be effective tools to build students’ interest in STEM fields and raise their awareness of STEM and STEM careers. This study purpose was to identify STEM-related topics in the movie “Hidden Figures” and determine preservice female teachers’ views of it. The study sample included 19 female students. A qualitative phenomenological design research method was used. Data were collected using “the Movie Hidden Figures” and a “Semi-Structured Interview” forms. Qualitative data were analyzed using semiotics and content analysis. Analysis showed that Hidden Figures focus mostly on the theme of “gender perception in science” as well as “design process” and “advances in technology.” Participants believed that the movie had messages mostly of negative gender perception in science. Despite that, movies emphasized that women can be mathematicians, engineers, and scientists as men. They also stated that gender equality is crucial in education. They also advocated that mathematics and engineering are essential for technological progress and female scientists can play a more active role for achievement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">740-758</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insun Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENT, PARENT AND TEACHER PERCEPTIONS ON THE BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY AND THE IMPLICATIONS TO ENHANCE STUDENTS' SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">behavioral characteristics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creativity perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648718.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers’ and parents’ perceptions of scientific creativity are assumed to be an important environmental factor for scientific creativity, so this research surveyed their perceptions of the behavioral characteristics of scientific creativity and compared their perceptions to those of students. This is achieved with a list of behavioral characteristics of creative physicists during their growth period. For this survey, 48 science teachers, 112 parents, and 145 science gifted students participated. Out of the 30 items of the list, they selected 10 items that were considered important indicators to become creative scientists in the future, and they ranked them according to their importance. The results showed that the three groups all perceived ‘conducting experiments, asking questions, thinking logically to solve difficult problems, and sharing ideas’ as important for scientific creativity. For the items that were perceived to be less important, it was discussed why these items might be necessary for scientific creativity. Comparative result showed that parents gave more importance to learning-related aspects, teachers to thinking-related aspects, and students to activities such as making and experimenting. This research showed the behavioral characteristics that should be encouraged to improve students’ scientific creativity at school and at home.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67-79</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markus Sebastian Feser</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ AND STUDENT TEACHERS’ SENSE OF BELONGING TO SCIENCE: WHAT DO WE KNOW SO FAR?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">identity development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research in science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622790547.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forming a sense of belonging to others is a fundamental need of humans as social beings (Baumeister &amp; Leary, 1995). Meeting this fundamental need crucially influences individuals’ intrinsic motivation (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2000) and identity development (Wenger, 1999). Given this, a growing number of studies have investigated the extent to which university students’ success and wellbeing in science education is related to their sense of belonging to science. This research has brought greater clarity to university students’ development in science education; however, numerous aspects of university students’ sense of belonging to science remain understudied. In particular, there has been insufficient research on how sense of belonging to science might moderate or influence initial science teacher education. Therefore, this editorial aims to provide an overview of the major research findings that address students’ and student teachers’ sense of belonging to science and to inspire future research in science (teacher) education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">340-343</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">José Luís Araújo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carla Morais</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">João Carlos Paiva</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE: THE CONTRIBUTION OF A CITIZEN SCIENCE PROJECT FOR MONITORING COASTAL WATER QUALITY AND (MICRO)PLASTICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards science scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudinal changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">citizen science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water quality monitoring</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1639222003.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The promotion of positive attitudes towards science is an important goal of science education. This research aimed to identify students' attitudes towards science and whether their participation within a citizen science project has contributed to positive attitudinal changes. So, an attitudinal scale was developed, validated, and applied (as a pre and post-test) to 574 students aged between 12 and 14 years old. Positive attitudes towards science were recorded from the outset among children of both groups. Students' participation within the experimental group enhanced relevant positive attitudinal changes at the level of the critical analysis dimension, related to the perception of skills development such as questioning or critical thinking. Furthermore, positive attitudinal changes were achieved within the affinity dimension, related to perceived self-efficacy and appreciation of science and science classes. Positive attitudinal changes towards science among students indicate that citizen science contributes to enhance affective and attitudinal domains of their scientific literacy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">881-893</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuhua Mai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yangyi Qian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haihang Lan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linshen Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ CONCEPT ORGANISATION REGARDING CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM IN UPPER-SECONDARY EDUCATION: BASED ON REACTION TIME TECHNIQUE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">category judgment task</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical equilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organisation of concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reaction time</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622791231.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical equilibrium is so important domain knowledge in chemistry that the corresponding organisation of concepts in students has been an interesting but unsolved issue. A deeper understanding of how students organise the relevant concepts in long-term memory is beneficial to develop more targeted teaching practices. This research utilized the reaction time technique as a new approach to exploring upper-secondary school students’ organisation of concepts regarding chemical equilibrium. A category judgment task involving 247 Chinese twelfth-grade students from two upper-secondary schools was conducted. The results showed that a significant difference was between the reaction time of concept dimensions. The mean reaction time of the dimension ‘reversible reaction’ was the shortest, but the dimension ‘representation of state’ had the longest mean reaction time. Next, there was no significant difference in the organisation of concepts between students studying chemistry at different levels of academic achievement. These findings provide a new and essential picture to deeply understand the organisation of concepts regarding chemical equilibrium and help focus on the relations between some relevant concepts. This research represents that the reaction time technique can be utilized in the research on organisation of science concepts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">443-455</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muammer Çalık</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antuni Wiyarsi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PAPERS ON CHEMISTRY-FOCUSED SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relevance model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systematic review</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622790775.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although chemistry-focused socio-scientific issues support the ‘relevance’ model of chemistry education, the related literature has lacked any systematic review handling them together. For this reason, this research aimed to thematically synthesize the research papers on chemistry-focused socio scientific issues (SSI) from 2008 to 2020 and inferentially evaluate them in terms of the relevance model of chemistry education. After searching international and national well-known databases through relevant keyword patterns (e.g., Pattern 1: socio-scientific issues and chemistry education), 65 research papers were apparent for the systematic review. Then, the authors generated primary and secondary codes for the research papers and then inferentially marked their ‘relevance’ components. The systematic review indicated variation of research areas (e.g., relevance model of chemistry education) and dominant research foci for different themes (e.g., competencies and related variables for the theme ‘aims’; pollution, energy, industry and fabrication-based problems for the theme ‘SSI’; organic compounds for the theme ‘chemistry concepts’). Further, it revealed that the research papers on chemistry-focused SSI had some shortcomings at handling all components of the relevance model in a balanced way. The current research suggests professionally training teachers about how to integrate chemistry-focused SSI and the relevance model into school chemistry.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">360-372</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asila Halilović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanes Mešić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elvedin Hasović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Vidak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING UPPER-SECONDARY STUDENTS ABOUT CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY: TWO VARIANTS OF THE SYSTEM APPROACH TO ENERGY ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanical energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experiment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching strategies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616865815.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conventional teaching about the law of conservation of mechanical energy (LCME) often results with students trying to solve problems by remembering similar problems they already covered in classes. Consequently, many students fail to transfer their knowledge to simplest real-life problems. Therefore, a pre-test – post-test quasi-experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of an alternative, system-based approach to teaching about LCME. The study included 70 upper-secondary students from the First Bosniak Gymnasium Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Firstly, all students learned about energy in a conventional way. Then they wrote a test on LCME and had three additional hours of teaching about this topic, where one group of students learned in line with the forces-variant of the system approach (e.g., discussing conservative and non-conservative forces) and the other group with the process-variant of the same approach (e.g., discussing system’s states and processes like in thermodynamics). For both variants, only three hours of system-based teaching proved to substantially improve the students’ level of LCME understanding compared to the level of understanding they had after conventional teaching. It follows that the system approach may work well at the upper-secondary level, if it is introduced through the scaffolding-and-fading technique.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">223-236</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eman A. AlMuraie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norah A. Algarni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nidhal Sh. Alahmad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE INTEGRATING MECHANISMS AND IMPORTANCE OF STEM EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integration mechanisms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ perceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629706986.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to recognize upper-secondary school science teachers’ perceptions of the meaning, importance, and integrating mechanisms of science, technology, engineering, math (STEM) education, taking in to account the differences between the science teachers’ perceptions according to their specialties, years of experience, and degrees. A closed-ended questionnaire was distributed among 700 science teachers (biology, physics, and chemistry) in Riyadh, and 255 teachers responded. The results showed a strong alignment in the upper-secondary school science teachers’ perceptions of the meaning and the importance of STEM education, although there was less of a consensus regarding the integrating mechanisms. There were statistically significant differences in the physics teachers’ perceptions of STEM meaning, although there were otherwise no significant differences by specialty in the science teachers’ perceptions of the importance of STEM education and its integration mechanisms. Furthermore, the teachers showed no statistically significant differences in STEM’s meaning, importance, or integrating mechanisms according to their years of experience. Based on the results, recommendations included intensifying professional development programs on utilizing technology, engineering, and mathematics in learning science concepts and application.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">546-557</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel Gorghiu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costin Pribeanu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentina Iuliana Manea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rita Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE USEFULNESS OF ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE COVID19 PANDEMIC AS PERCEIVED BY ENGINEERING EDUCATION STUDENTS: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Covid-19 pandemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engineering Students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning platform</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perceived usefulness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680185.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">With the unprecedented crisis created by the Coronavirus pandemic, online teaching and learning became a global solution - embraced by the whole world - that tried to cover, at least in part, in part the problems encountered by the educational systems. An exclusively online format of teaching and learning proved to be a challenge for both the didactic and the learning process. Although the extant research during the pandemic is very abundant, there are few approaches addressing the different perceptions reported by university students enrolled in various programs. This research aims to explore the usefulness of online learning as perceived by civil engineering students, from a multidimensional perspective. A multidimensional model has been developed that manifests on four dimensions: social usefulness of online lectures, the usefulness of online learning platform, learning effectiveness, and, usefulness for school performance. The results show a relatively low perception of the online learning usefulness in an exclusively online educational context, which disables active learning through hands-on experience in laboratory and real-life building sites (considering the regular study process).  The model has been cross-validated on a sample of students enrolled in various educational programs then the differences between samples have been analyzed and discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">716-728</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karel Nepras</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tereza Strejckova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roman Kroufek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ON WOLVES AND BEES: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE NATURE RELATEDNESS OF THE PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature relatedness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">popular animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">unpopular animals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616865968.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity is the result of long-term evolution. It is one of the fundamental global problems of today as it is declining in space and time. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship of man and nature and to analyze the influence of variables such as gender, age, pet ownership, cultivation of plants, and perception of popular and unpopular animals. A total of 549 respondents took part in the research survey. In addition to the above-mentioned demographic variables, the research also contained 5 items related to the perceived vulnerability of respondents and 37 items focused on the perception of wolves and bees as example of unpopular or popular animals. All variables except gender had a significant influence on man’s relationship to nature. Students who perceived their own vulnerability to a greater extent had a more negative attitude towards nature. Fear of both groups of observed animals had a negative influence on the relationship to nature. Other dimensions correlated positively, age as well as plant growing and pet breeding. In the end, the possibilities of improving the relationship to nature are suggested.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">252-260</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iuliana Lazar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgeta Panisoara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ion-Ovidiu Panisoara</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADOPTION OF DIGITAL STORYTELLING TOOL IN NATURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION BY PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS USING THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital storytelling tool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural sciences didactics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers’ digital age</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers’ status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TAM model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology education didactics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087866.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to contribute to the overall understanding of pre-service teachers’ acceptance of the Digital Storytelling (DS) tool. The primary associations of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) were tested in the academic years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 for statistical significance when the effects of the pre-service training teachers' digital age and status were controlled. Data from 296 pre-service teachers, from second and third study year, majority women considered vulnerable group were collected. The factor analysis and invariance tests on basic TAM were performed. The results revealed that DS tool usage intention was a function of perceived usefulness and ease of use. This research established the TAM applicability with the control variables addition to model the DS tool acceptance by pre-service teachers, as didactic material for natural sciences and technology education. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance were confirmed across both cross-temporal and cross-sectorial groups. Perceived ease of use of DS has strongly influenced both usefulness (β=.571, t=11.958, p&lt;.0001) and intention to use of DS (β=.763, t=19.914, p&lt;.0001), under the influences of the control variables. The outcomes contributed to the general understanding of DS pre-service teachers’ adoption relevant for natural sciences and technology education and for recognition of vulnerable category behavior.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">429-453</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lukman Abdul Rauf Laliyo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julhim S. Tangio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bambang Sumintono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamad Jahja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Citra Panigoro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANALYTIC APPROACH OF RESPONSE PATTERN OF DIAGNOSTIC TEST ITEMS IN EVALUATING STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICLE OF MATTER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">item response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">particle of matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602682876.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to evaluate the students’ conceptual understanding and to diagnose the students’ preconceptions in elaborating the particle characteristics of matter by development of diagnostic instrument as well as Rasch model response pattern analysis approach. Data were acquired by 25 multiple-choice written test items distributed to 987 students in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Analysis on diagnostic test items response pattern was conducted in three steps: 1) conversion of raw score to a homogenous interval unit and effectiveness analysis of measurement instruments; 2) measurement of disparity of students’ conceptual understanding; and 3) diagnosis of students’ preconception by estimation of item response pattern. The result generated information on the diagnostic and summative measurement on students’ conceptual understanding in elaborating the topic; information also acts as empirical evidence on the measurement’s reliability and validity. Moreover, the result discovered a significant disparity between students’ conceptual understanding based on their educational level. It was found that the distractor item response pattern tended to be consistent, indicating a certain tendency of resistant preconception pattern. The findings are expected to be a recommendation for future researchers and educational practitioners that integrate diagnostic and summative measurement with Rasch model in evaluating conceptual understanding and diagnosing misconception. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">824-841</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mafor Penn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lydia Mavuru</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ RECEPTION AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS VIRTUAL LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS IN LIFE SCIENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">life sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory experiments</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1613414595.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research reports the assessment of pre-service teachers’ reception and attitudes towards virtual laboratory experiments in Life Sciences with the aim of advancing adaptability to digital learning. Using sequential mixed-methods in a quasi-experimental design, 68 pre-service teachers in the 3rd year of a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) program were surveyed before and after virtual learning interventions. This phase was followed by qualitative data gathering using focus group interviews with all participants.  Findings from quantitative data analysis revealed a positive significant difference in pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards virtual laboratory experiments post learning interventions.  From qualitative data pre-service teachers found the progression from using only traditional to including virtual experiments was useful in enhancing their conceptual understandings of Life Sciences concepts, convenience, inquiry-based learning, self-directed and autonomous learning. However, pre-service teachers noted that using virtual laboratories did not significantly develop their science process skills and as a result could not replace the experiences in a traditional biology laboratory. The implications of these findings project virtual laboratories as a supporting tool for experimentation in Life Sciences especially within and post the COVID-19 pandemic where issues of social distancing pose a threat to collaborative and inquiry-based science learning. Recommendations from these findings are discussed herein. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1092-1105</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andreja Špernjak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOLOGY CONTENT AND CLASSROOM EXPERIENCE AS PREDICTORS OF CAREER ASPIRATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career aspirations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school Biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEM analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school Biology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941911.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Slovenia, as in many other countries, interest in seeking careers in science, technology and engineering-related disciplines is low, which can be recognized as a problem. The influence of general interest in biology, the content, and teaching of Biology in 9-year basic school (age 14 -15) and general upper-secondary schools (age 15 – 18) on the career aspirations of students was explored. Based on structural models built on the responses of 522 general upper secondary school students from Slovenia, it was revealed that the corresponding constructs (1) The content of Biological disciplines; (2) The Biology content taught in 9-year basic school; (3) The Biology content taught in general upper secondary school; (4) The teaching of lower secondary school Biology; and (5) The teaching of general upper secondary school Biology--are only weak predictors, if at all, of career aspirations in 15 different career streams. The greatest predictive power is a general interest in biological topics. However, the influence of the content of school curricula and corresponding teaching is a weak and even negative predictor of career aspirations in some cases.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">317-332</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fayadh Hamed Alanazi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAIN-BASED LEARNING AS PERCEIVED BY SAUDI TEACHERS AND ITS EFFECT ON CHEMISTRY ACHIEVEMENT OF 7TH GRADERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">brain-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grade 7</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572205.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research explored science teachers’ perceptions of BBL. Data was collected from 105 Saudi Arabian science teachers via a questionnaire survey, establishing how BBL is viewed and applied, and whether this interrelates with teachers’ years of professional experience or qualification level. Furthermore, in a quasi-experiment comprising a single experimental group, a chemistry learning unit was designed using BBL methods and approaches and was delivered to 26 Saudi Arabian Grade 7 students. Pre- and post-lesson measurements of knowledge and achievement were conducted. The findings confirm the arguments in the BBL literature and show that BBL awareness is relatively high and BBL is viewed very positively. The results of the quasi-experimental component show that BBL methods are likely to improve student learning and outcomes. Teacher qualifications and years of experience were unrelated with BBL perceptions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">864-874</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thasmai Dhurumraj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sam Ramaila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferhana Raban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmed Ashruf</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BROADENING EDUCATIONAL PATHWAYS TO STEM EDUCATION THROUGH ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING DURING COVID-19: TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pandemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teaching practices</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1613414365.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19 posed formidable challenges to the teaching and learning of subjects with abstract concepts such as Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).  The study explored how STEM teachers transformed their pedagogical practices as an integral part of the transition to online teaching and learning in response to COVID-19 and further examined the effectiveness of online teaching and learning. The study adopted an exploratory descriptive survey design and involved purposively selected STEM teachers from schools operating under the auspices of the Association of Muslim Schools. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework underpinned the study. Quantitative data was collected through the administration of a Likert scale instrument. Data was analysed using inferential and descriptive statistics.  Findings revealed that COVID-19 essentially compelled teachers to make a transition to online teaching and learning resulting in a concomitant profound impact on their pedagogical practices.  Teachers provided various perspectives on the key modalities adopted to navigate online teaching and learning on virtual platforms in an attempt to ensure sustainable, equitable and inclusive teaching and learning. Implications for broadening educational pathways to STEM education through online teaching and learning on virtual platforms and sustainable teacher professional development on technology integration in teaching and learning are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1055-1067</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Diyaddin Yaşar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHEMISTRY TEACHERS' ASSESSMENT LITERACY IN TURKEY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment literacy (AL)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry teachers (CTs)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment techniques (FATs)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turkey</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269707.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to find out the assessment literacy level of chemistry teachers in Turkey. For the purpose of the research, different types of formative assessment techniques were included in the research. This research was conducted as a case study, which is a kind of qualitative research design. The participants in the research were 12 chemistry teachers working in different high schools in Şanlıurfa, one of the largest cities in south-eastern Turkey in 2017-2018 spring term. Research data were collected with a semi-structured interview form. Content analysis was performed on the research data. According to the results, chemistry teachers did not have sufficient perception and knowledge about diagnostic and formative assessment. Chemistry teachers’ perception related to objective of formative assessment techniques was very low and it was almost unfamiliar to them. Also, chemistry teachers had little perception about how formative assessment techniques should be prepared and what is their function. Their perception related to the interpretation/scoring of the results obtained from formative assessment techniques was almost non-existent. They had serious deficiencies related to formative assessment techniques and they focused on summative assessment rather than formative assessment and related techniques in their chemistry classes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76-90</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanessa Álvarez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tarcilo Torres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zulma Gangoso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicente Sanjosé</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A COGNITIVE MODEL TO ANALYSE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS: MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS IMPLIED IN SOLVING ACTIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expert-novice differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solving actions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524564.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In physics and chemistry, the development of problem-solving skills is necessary to become an expert. A simple cognitive model to analyse such development is proposed and tested. An exploratory research was conducted with expert professors and students in initial and advanced years. A think aloud procedure was used to obtain relevant data while the participants tried to solve undefined, open problems. Solving these problems required a particular skill representative of expertise: modelling reality using science. More than 1350 solving actions were collected and related to the mental representations elaborated, developed and inter-related by solvers. The proposed model was able to account for expert-novice differences in terms of the respective distributions of solving actions among the mental representations. Large differences appeared in the mental representation of Conceptual scientific Model. In addition, advanced and initial students showed similar and significant averages of unproductive actions, while experts took very few. Experts showed high convergence in their distributions of actions among the mental representations. If the outcomes were replicated with higher external validity, the model could help researchers to analyse the cognitive mechanisms in problem-solving, and teachers to better focus their efforts on specific students’ lacks.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">730-746</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serpil Kalaycı</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COGNITIVE PERCEPTIONS OF PRE-SERVİCE SCIENCE TEACHER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drawing technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-Service Science Teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">word association test</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087806.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aims to determine cognitive structures about environmental pollution of pre-service science teachers and their perceptions of the most important environmental pollution in their lives. Data have been obtained from 33 pre-service science teachers. In this research, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used together. Data is collected with word association test, open-ended questions, and drawing technique. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis and content analysis methods. According to the data obtained from the word association test, environmental pollution was put into four categories. These categories are ‘sources of pollution’, ‘types of pollution’, ‘consequences caused by pollution’ and ‘those affected by pollution’. The pre-service teachers drew mostly air pollution and then water and soil pollution in their drawings. Similarly, pre-service teachers wrote mostly air and water pollution as the most important environmental pollution. The majority of the pre-service teachers were seen to have the perception that humans cause environmental pollution. However, it was determined that some pre-service teachers hardly mentioned the extent of pollution over other living things. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">415-428</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blessing F. Komolafe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moses O. Ogunniran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fen Y. Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu S. Qian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHING SKILL ACQUISITION IN PRE-SERVICE PHYSICS TEACHER (PsPT) TRAINING PROGRAM IN CHINA AND NIGERIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micro-teaching practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service physics teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching skill acquisition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">training program</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087535.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microteaching practice is an important part of Pre-Service Physics Teacher (PsPT) Training Program adopting different approaches to inspire the acquisition of teaching skills by prospective teachers. Using psychomotor domain aspect of revised Bloom’s taxonomy to explore microteaching practice as it relates to physics teaching, this research examined the significant influences of the two approaches (Nigeria and China) identified on the teaching skill of PsPT and suggests the best ways of improving the teaching skill of PsPT through micro-teaching practices. Data were collected using the mixed-method research design of administering descriptive survey questionnaire on final year PsPT while a structured interview question was used to interview the teachers. It was found that the two approaches had significant influences on the teaching skill acquisition of PsPT through microteaching practices with respect to physics as a subject that requires motor skill, and that this can be improved through micro-teaching by a combination of theory with practice. Also, physics teacher educators need to focus on developing PsPTs’ psychomotor domain in line with time reform in microteaching practices to accommodate more time for PsPTs’ to master the subject concept of physics as a psycho motive subject.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">356-373</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wing-Kwong Wong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kai-Ping Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hong-Ming Chang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A COMPARISON OF A VIRTUAL LAB AND A MICROCOMPUTER-BASED LAB FOR SCIENTIFIC MODELLING BY COLLEGE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MBL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slope motion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual lab</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581270043.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to explore the effects of a virtual lab (VL) and a Microcomputer-based Lab (MBL) on students’ performance in scientific modeling. A web-based virtual lab and a low-cost MBL were proposed to help first-year engineering students build scientific models. Empirical research was done in a slope motion experiment. The participants were 118 first-year engineering students in Taiwan, and they were divided into a VL group and an MBL group. From the results of the questionnaire, these groups of students thought that the systems were usable and easy to use, and they expressed positive attitudes towards the labs. The post-test’s average score was higher than that of the pre-test for both groups, and the average posttest score of the VL group was better than that of the MBL group. From the students’ learning sheets, many students successfully manipulated the experimental variables and built correct models after gradual revision of earlier models. According to the results of the empirical research, these systems helped the students understand the meaning of the experiment and increased students' interests with hands-on labs. A comparison of the results of these two groups\suggests the integration of VL and MBL to facilitate students’ learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157-173</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi-Chun Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fang-Ying Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng-Chieh Chang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPTUALIZING SPATIAL ABILITIES AND THEIR RELATION TO SCIENCE LEARNING FROM A COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">domain knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">domain-generality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">domain-specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational intervention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial ability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581663740.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science learning requires visuospatial thinking. Accordingly, spatial ability is regarded as the key to learning science well, but its effects are sometimes not as significant as expected. To this end, this research aims to conceptualize spatial abilities and to clarify their relation to science learning based on an analysis of empirical studies. Content analysis of 39 studies showed that (1) intrinsic-dynamic skills are the most frequently measured, (2) the explored science topics mostly involve well-established knowledge, (3) the effects of spatial ability on science achievement are inconsistent, and (4) educational interventions are not always effective in improving students’ spatial abilities or science achievement. It is argued that domain knowledge interferes with the study results and that domain-specific spatial ability exists, referring to apply spatial-type and domain-specific knowledge. Supported by cognitive theories and empirical evidence, a model is constructed to exhibit the relations between domain-general and domain-specific spatial ability as well as their effects on science achievement. According to the model, the two spatial abilities functionally partially overlap in the operations of spatial skills, and educational experience and malleable spatial skills are reciprocal; however, improvement in general spatial ability, involving the function of the central executive system, is likely limited.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50-63</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087276.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 19, No. 3, JBSE, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572027.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 6, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">859</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941092.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524198.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 5, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">691</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1613414052.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 19, No. 6A, JBSE, 2020. Theme: &quot;Responding to Covid-19: The integration of online teaching and learning in STEM education&quot; Guest Editors: L. Mnguni &amp; H.O. Mokiwa</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1039</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269076.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2020, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597213992.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">519</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asheena Singh-Pillay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jayaluxmi Naidoo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTEXT MATTERS: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION LECTURERS’ REFLECTIONS ON ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning style</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online teaching and learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pandemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reflections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WhatsApp</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1613414714.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus conditions of lockdown were enforced by countries globally. Universities and schools revised the mode of delivery from contact teaching to online teaching and learning. This qualitative research was conducted at one university in South Africa and explored STEM discipline lecturers’ reflections on the use of online technologies and the factors which enable or constrain online teaching and learning. Three lecturers from STEM disciplines involved in online teaching were purposively selected to participate in this study. Data were generated via semi-structured interviews and reflective journals. The findings reveal that lecturers supplement the use of Moodle and Zoom with WhatsApp, the factor that enabled online teaching was the availability of data to lecturers and students. In contrast, the factors that constrained online teaching and learning were the technical training received for online teaching, the mismatch between pedagogy and students’ learning styles, the pressure of balancing work-home life and assumptions made about the availability of conducive home environments for learning, connectivity, and availability of devices for online learning. These findings have implications for professional development for online teaching and recommend that universities adopt WhatsApp to be a formal platform for online teaching and learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1125-1136</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524159.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 5, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">688</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087238.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">337-338</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606571989.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 6, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">857-858</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941050.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177-178</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597213959.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">517-518</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">special issue</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1613413913.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 6A, 2020. Special issue: &quot;Responding to Covid-19: The integration of online teaching and learning in STEM education&quot; Guest Editors: L. Mnguni &amp; H. O. Mokiwa</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1037-1038</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269039.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2020, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chipo Makamure</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Tsakeni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19 AS AN AGENT OF CHANGE IN TEACHING AND LEARNING STEM SUBJECTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics and science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual platforms</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1613414533.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The closing of schools due to Covid-19 has brought a dimension of uncertainty into STEM education. Despite the closing of schools due to the need to observe physical distancing, some schools have found ways to continue teaching and learning on virtual platforms enabled by increasingly pervasive fourth industrial revolution environments. In this study, the teaching of Ordinary level mathematics and science in pursuit of STEM education goals as enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT) in online classrooms was therefore, explored. Using an interpretive case study, relevant data were collected from two mathematics and three science teachers during semi-structured interviews. These participants communicated their experiences in transitioning from face-to-face to online classrooms as they worked to promote STEM education during the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings reveal teachers’ experiences of this transition and their selection of particular Web 2.0 tools to establish online classrooms. Notably, mobile instant messaging tools proved to be a popular option for being cheap, user-friendly, temporal, and multimodal. The findings also revealed that teachers struggled to adapt the hands-on activities to suit online teaching resulting in the use of teacher-centred approaches.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-1091</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Öyküm Esra Aşkın</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ersoy Öz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISONS OF STUDENTS’ SCIENCE SUCCESS BASED ON GENDER VARIABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM TIMSS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-country comparison</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heterogeneous choice models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science success</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941252.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identifying key determinants of success plays an important role in efforts of assessing the current state of educational practices and implementing effective actions to improve academic performance. Given how important is accurate identification of these determinants for valid comparisons, the aim of this research was to present extensive comparative results on 8th grade students' science success for 39 countries. To this end, a total number of 229,493 students' information obtained from the last cycle of Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study was handled.  Unlike previous studies in which success has been tried to be explained with some factors, this research extended the literature by investigating the effective factors as well as gender-related variability on science success with a holistic view. Using heterogeneous choice models, unobserved heterogeneity caused by gender difference was tested and controlled. The findings showed that gender variability was evident for 10 countries. Furthermore, factors associated with students' future educational goals, home educational resources and confidence were found as the common determinators of science success in all participant countries. Another notable finding was all factors, except time spent on doing homework, tended to differentiate the success status between girls and boys of 22 countries.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">186-200</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ana Valdmann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Holbrook</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEFINING TEACHER OWNERSHIP: A SCIENCE EDUCATION CASE STUDY TO DETERMINE CATEGORIES OF TEACHER OWNERSHIP</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenomenographic analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher ownership</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher ownership categories</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214707.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study seeks to put forward a justified definition for the concept of Teacher Ownership, and establishes levels of science teacher ownership, based on a hierarchy of categories, using phenomenographic analysis. Such ownership is based on a meaningful science teacher internalisation of a motivational context-based teacher approach, established via a prior CPD programme. In so doing, the study distinguishes between teachers’ self-efficacy levels attained at the end of the CPD and teacher ownership indicating the capability of propagating the desired teaching to students and other teachers. The phenomenographic analysis, based on semi-structured interviews, is carried out with 10 science teachers, 3 academic years after the administered CPD programme. From an analysis of perceptions, 3 distinct categories of sustainable science teacher ownership, based on 5 distinct teaching dimensions, reflect variations in orientation of teacher ownership. The main conclusions are that sustainable teacher ownership differs from terms such as a sense of ownership, towards ownership and self–efficacy and that, in this study, teacher ownership can be described as being exhibited by the science teachers in paradigmatic, experiential and emotional ownership categories. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">659-674</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kilic Depren, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’ SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL IN TURKEY AND SINGAPORE: AN APPLICATION OF QUANTILE REGRESSION MIXTURE MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">finite mixture models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Programme for International Student Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantile regression mixture models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science performance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941544.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the last decade, the usage of advanced statistical models is growing rapidly in many different disciplines. However, the Quantile Regression Mixture Model (QRMIX), which is a developed approach of the Finite Mixture Model (FMM), is an applicable new method in the educational literature. The aim of the proposed study was to determine factors affecting students' science achievement using the QRMIX approach. To reach this aim, data of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey, which has been conducted by the Organization Economic for Co-Operation and Development (OECD) every 3 years, was used. Dataset used in the research is composed of 6,115 students from Singapore, which is the top-performer country among the participant countries, and 5,895 students from Turkey. The results showed that the factors affecting students' science achievement and its importance on the achievement differentiated according to the achievement levels of the students. In conclusion, it was revealed that Turkish students with the lowest science achievement level should be supported with home possessions, perceived feedback, and environmental awareness and Singaporean students with the lowest achievement level should be supported with perceived feedback, enjoyment of science, and epistemological beliefs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">247-260</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon-Chao Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jian-Hong Ye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ya-Jiuan Ho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huei-Ying Ho</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING AN INQUIRY AND HANDS-ON TEACHING MODEL TO GUIDE STEAM LESSON PLANNING FOR KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hands-on learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lesson plan design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572458.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">When contextualizing educational methods, teachers can focus on constructivism to develop inquiry materials as STEAM subject matter for use in schools. However, there is little research concerning what STEAM teaching resources teachers view as inquiry with hands-on STEAM instructional material for use in kindergartens. Therefore, this research used a spiral developmental course design with action research to apply a teaching inquiry and hands-on STEAM model focusing on lesson development for kindergarten children via a one-year workshop. The lesson development process of this research included a total of six stages, allowing 24 participating teachers to analyse the STEAM elements from their original lesson plans, then make revisions according to a model, including: prediction, do/observation, quiz/discussion, and explanation/ transfer (PD/OQ/DE/T). After the initial lesson plan was completed, teaching experiments were conducted, and the lesson plan was adjusted through reflection and revisions based on the suggestions of domain experts during the implementation process. Finally, 48 PDOQDET inquiry and hands-on based STEAM lesson plans were developed. Thus, it is proposed that the inquiry and hands-on i-STEAM modules developed using the PDOQDET approach can represent exemplars illustrative of an enriched design constructivist paradigm to support students’ i-STEAM learning in kindergartens.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">908-922</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sümeyye Aydın Gürler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oktay Baykara</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF AN ATTITUDE SCALE FOR PHYSICS COURSES AND A REVIEW OF STUDENT ATTITUDES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics course</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student attitude</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269338.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of present research was to develop a Likert type scale that determines the attitudes of 9th grade students towards physics courses so as to identify the physics students’ attitudes towards this course. The research started with a draft scale of 30 items. The draft scale was applied to 177 ninth grade students as a pilot research. According to results obtained from factor analysis, a scale that has 21 items and covering six sub-sets was developed. KMO value of the scale was .82; the Bartlett’s test value was 1997.3; and the internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) was .90. The scale was then applied to 460 ninth grade students from different schools to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis. It was found that the types of upper-secondary school influence students’ attitudes towards physics courses while gender and educational level of the parents had no significant influence on these attitudes. Therefore, it was also found that the students had an ambivalent attitude towards physics courses. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-24</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aysegul Kınık Topalsan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY SKILLS OF SCIENCE TEACHING THROUGH ARGUMENT-FOCUSED VIRTUAL LABORATORY APPLICATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation-based experimental learning methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed-method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semi-structured interviews</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214587.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research designed within the scope of a TUBITAK 4005 project aimed to give science teachers training on argumentation-based learning, to provide them with scientific inquiry experience, to ensure that they gain skills to develop argumentation-based experimental learning methods. Throughout the research, 100 science teachers were given a four-day (28 hours in total) training program in virtual labs that would enable them to make scientific inquiries through argumentation-based experimental activities developed in accordance with the science curriculum. The “Opinion Scale for the Virtual Lab” and the “Principles of Scientific Inquiry- Teacher” were applied to the participants as a pre-test and post-test. Following the implementation phase, the “Assessing Argumentation-based Science Learning Activities- Scale” was applied to the participating students and teachers. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with randomly selected 15 teachers and 15 students. When all the obtained data were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, a statistically moderate effect was determined on the teachers' post-test scores from the “Opinion Scale for the Virtual Lab” and the “Principles of Scientific Inquiry- Teacher.” Also, the participating students and teachers mostly expressed positive views in the “Assessing Argumentation-based Science Learning Activities- Scale” applied after the implementation phase.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">628-646</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nastja Cotič</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janja Plazar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Istenič Starčič, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Darjo Zuljan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF OUTDOOR LESSONS IN NATURAL SCIENCES ON STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE, THROUGH TABLETS AND EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolb’s experiential learning cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outdoor learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seashore</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524649.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experiential learning was introduced to support a child’s concept development towards evolution scientific literacy. This study examined the effect of an experiential learning model (The Mobile Natural Science Learning - MNSL) on the knowledge of 4th grade primary school students in Slovenia, during natural science school lessons at the seashore through the use of tablets. Mobile technology provides authentic learning, assisting outdoor lessons providing material and environmental context in learning, which support the experience of a learner. In the experimental group (N = 95), outdoor learning in the seashore included Kolb’s experiential learning cycle with the integration of tablets. In the control group (N=97), the teachers used concrete experience for exploring the seashore, excluding the Kolb’s cycle. The data were collected by using two science knowledge pre and post – tests. The test items were classified into three TIMSS’ cognitive domains: 1) factual knowledge, 2) conceptual understanding, and 3) reasoning and analysis. Differences between groups were analysed through Mann-Whitney U-test and showed that the experimental group had better learning outcomes than the control group. Findings indicate that the MNSL-model had a positive effect on students’ achievement in science, more precisely in knowledge on marine organisms and life at the seashore. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">747-763</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khaled Saleh Alrawili</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamisah Osman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saeed Almuntasheri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF SCAFFOLDING STRATEGIES ON HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS IN SCIENCE CLASSROOM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher-order thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saudi Arabia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scaffolding strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524467.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Encouraging students’ higher-order thinking skills (HOTs) has become an ultimate objective for several education programmes. Being a significant domain of scaffolding strategies, HOTs has been considered as a concern that should persistently be at the vanguard of reform agenda of science. The present research aims to examine the effect of scaffolding strategies on HOTs of middle school science students in the context of Saudi Arabia. To carry out the research aim, quasi-experimental design has been applied based on multiple-choice questions comprising 20 questions all distributed on four skills, namely, application, analysis, evaluation and creation. The total population of the research was 84 grade 9 students who all sat for both pre-test and post-test. Convenient sampling was chosen as a sampling method that typically suits both the experimental group (42 students) and the control group (42 students). After collection, data were analysed using both descriptive analysis, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics including t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate ANOVA. The effect of scaffolding strategies on the four skills was found to be significant (p &lt;.01). The present research can contribute to the enhancement of students’ HOTs, provided that scaffolding strategies are applied in science classes and, from a research perspective, will be a reference for researchers who are interested in scaffolding strategies in the context of either Saudi Arabia or other countries.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">718-729</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denis Rupnik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanislav Avsec</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF A TRANSDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL APPROACH ON STUDENTS’ TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">real-life problems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technological literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transdisciplinary educational approach</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269908.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technological progress, globalization and demographic changes have brought about transformations that have increased economic and social inequalities. A structural transformation in education could support economic growth and sustainability and could also be associated with common actions in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, together with social sciences, to mitigate the impact of these megatrends on inequalities. This research explores the effects of a technologically conceptualized transdisciplinary educational approach. A sample of 242 lower secondary school students was selected and a pre- and post-test research design was used to ascertain whether a two-level transdisciplinary educational approach used by technology teachers affected the development of students’ technological literacy (TL). The task design included several real-life technological contexts and concepts wherein knowledge of other disciplines was needed to solve problems, create new knowledge and acquire higher-order skills while developing positive attitudes towards sustainable technology. A two-way analysis of variance indicated several significant effects of transdisciplinary education on the development of students’ TL. These findings provide valuable insights into the nature of TL acquisition as a basis for curriculum design and the implementation of transdisciplinary technology education in the lower secondary school.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">121-141</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeng-Fung Hung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chun-Yen Tsai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF A VIRTUAL LABORATORY AND META-COGNITIVE SCAFFOLDING ON STUDENTS' DATA MODELING COMPETENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">data modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meta-cognitive scaffolding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572541.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous studies on the effectiveness of virtual laboratories for learning have shown inconsistent results over the past decade. The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of a virtual laboratory and meta-cognitive scaffolding on students' data modeling competences. A quasi-experimental design was used. Three classes of eighth graders from southern Taiwan participated in this research and were assigned to the Experimental Group Ⅰ (EG Ⅰ), the Experimental Group Ⅱ (EG Ⅱ), and the Control Group (CG). EG Ⅰ (n=25) received the virtual laboratory and meta-cognitive scaffolding in the teaching and learning. EG Ⅱ (n=28) received the virtual laboratory only in the teaching and learning. The CG (n=27) received the lecture with the cookbook laboratory. The teaching unit was Heat and Specific Heat, and the teaching time for the three groups was six lessons (of 45 minutes each). The Data Modeling Competences Test (DMCT) designed by the research team was used as the data collection instrument. The results showed that the virtual laboratory and meta-cognitive scaffolding had effects on students' data modeling competences. This research shows the importance of the meta-cognitive scaffolding strategy for virtual laboratories when conducting data modeling teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">923-939</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ying-Yan Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huann-shyang Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas J. Smith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuway-R Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wen-Yi Hsu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF CRITIQUE-DRIVEN INQUIRY INTERVENTION ON STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING AND SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY COMPETENCY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critique-driven inquiry (CDI)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary and secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific inquiry competency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taiwan</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572748.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The research aim was to examine the effects of a Critique-Driven Inquiry (CDI) intervention on primary and secondary school students’ critical thinking and scientific inquiry competency. Twenty-five 4th grade Taiwanese students from a typical primary school were selected to participate in experimental group 1 (EG1), while 28 7th grade students from a typical secondary school were randomly selected to participate in experimental group 2 (EG2). For each group, a 2-semester CDI intervention was implemented. In addition, another 28 4th graders and 30 7th graders from the same two schools were selected to participate in, respectively, control group 1 (CG1) or control group 2 (CG2). Analyses of covariance, repeated measures analysis of variance, and content theme analyses were conducted to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data. Research results indicated that EG1 and EG2 students significantly outperformed their comparison counterparts in critical thinking and scientific inquiry competency both during and following the CDI intervention. The empirical evidence provides insight into the mechanisms of promoting primary and secondary school students’ critical thinking and scientific inquiry competency. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">954-971</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei-Zhao Shi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liping Ma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jingying Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF INQUIRY-BASED TEACHING ON CHINESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ EPISTEMOLOGIES ABOUT EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS AND LEARNING PERFORMANCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemologies of experimental physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941778.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students' epistemologies of experimental physics refer to how they understand the role of experimentation as well as the experimental operation and design and communication of results in physics. This research aimed to find whether students in inquiry-based physics laboratory activities show more expert-like epistemologies of experimental physics and better course performance relative to courses using cookbook guided laboratory activities. The participants consisted of two classes of students in a Chinese university. They were divided into control group and experimental group. The experimental group was taught with inquiry-based teaching, while the control group was using cookbook teaching. Each group was taught by the same lecturer. Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey for Experimental Physics were used to investigate students’ epistemologies about the nature of experimental physics. It was found that students in a traditional cookbook guided laboratory showed significant negative shifts on personal epistemologies, and in contrast, students’ epistemologies of experimental physics in inquiry-based laboratory had been significantly improved. The increase of scores in the control group was higher than the experiment group on experimental physics learning performance. The results were slightly different from other studies, some possible explanations were given.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">289-297</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ion-Ovidiu Panisoara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruxandra Chirca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iuliana Lazar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF ONLINE TEACHING ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PROGRESS IN STEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online class</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pandemic emergency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural equation modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student academic progress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1613414653.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Online teaching environment is a challenge for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in-service teachers who feel worried about their ability to succeed in what might be an unfamiliar learning environment. This research focused on testing the effects of perceived risks and concerns by in-service teachers during online-only classes due to the coronavirus outbreak on student academic progress requirements across the different STEM disciplines. The research hypotheses were tested on a sample of 1444 in-service teachers teaching exclusively in the online environment, in Romania. A structural equation model was used to explore the possible links among two external variables (pedagogical and technological perceived risks), one mediator variable (student engagement), one control variable (school settings), and one output variable (student academic progress requirements). The results revealed significant negative paths from challenges mediated by student engagement to student academic progress, as well as positive paths from them to mediator factor. The school setting categories were negatively correlated with both perceived risk dimensions. The moderator role of student engagement on the challenges-outcome link was supported. The online teaching effects on student’s academic progress varied across the different STEM disciplines. The relevant common features for all STEM disciplines were further then demonstrated.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1106-1124</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fu-Pei Hsieh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yun-An Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeng-Fung Hung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chun-Yen Tsai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF THE TRIP MODEL ON STUDENTS' SCIENCE READING ABILITY AND MARINE CONSERVATION LEARNING INTEREST</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087621.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research sought to improve students' science reading comprehension ability and marine ecological conservation learning interest through the implementation of an inquiry-based learning course. A Triggered situational interest-Reading-Inquiry-Presentation (TRIP) model was proposed to guide the course design. The quasi-experimental design was adopted in this research. Experimental teaching activities were conducted with two classes of second graders (50 students in total) in southern Taiwan. One class served as the experimental group, and the other served as the comparison group. The Science Reading Comprehension Test (SRCT) and Marine Ecology Conservation Learning Interest Scale (MECLIS) were used as instruments. Data were analyzed using the Johnson-Neyman Technique, analysis of covariance, and qualitative analysis. The results showed that the students with lower pre-test scores on the SRCT in the experimental group had better scores on the post-test than those in the comparison group, while the students in both groups with higher pre-test scores on the SRCT had no difference in their post-test scores. Furthermore, the experimental group students had better MECLIS scores than the comparison group students, and the difference had a moderate effect size. Overall, this research suggests that the TRIP model may assist science teachers in designing science reading courses.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">374-387</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591088183.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">514-516</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">special issue</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1613414780.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 6A, 2020. Theme: &quot;Responding to Covid-19: The integration of online teaching and learning in STEM education&quot; Guest Editors: L. Mnguni &amp; H.O. Mokiwa</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1137-1140</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606573107.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 6, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1034-1036</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581270083.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2020, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">174-176</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602525073.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 5, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">855-856</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214831.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">688</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941955.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2020</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">333-336</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King-Dow Su</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING STUDENTS’ HIGH-ORDER COGNITIVE SKILLS FOR HIERARCHICAL DESIGNS IN MICRO AND SYMBOLIC PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hierarchical designs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high-order cognitive skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micro</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">particulate nature of matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">symbolic performances</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602525025.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To be familiar with micro and symbolic performances, students could work out more effective approaches of innovated techniques known as five hierarchical designs in chemistry equilibrium. However, the most frequently reported problem in students’ assessment of chemistry study is attributed to their poor skill recognizing basic concepts. The aim of this research was to construct the 6 test items to help undergraduate students assess their high-order and low-order cognitive skills as a deeper framework of particle representations. It takes a dynamic appeal for students to identify their profound understanding of cognitive skills in accordance with their potential performances of particle representations. In this research, students activate the test instrument to sustain their development of content validity and inter-rater reliability. The research results mark a different responsive engagement of both high-order and low-order cognitive skills in students’ total performances with the skill ratio score of 1:6 for conceptual recognition and analyses of micro and symbolic performances. All students’ micro and symbolic performances offer an indication for understanding their advanced cognitive skills in the particulate nature of matter. It is beneficial to improve new perspectives in the discussions and activity hierarchical designs in their chemistry equilibrium classrooms.          </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">842-854</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chia-Pin Kao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuen-Yi Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hui-Min Chien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Tsang Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING VOLUNTEERS’ INTENTION TO ENGAGE IN CITIZEN SCIENCE: THE ROLES OF SELF-EFFICACY, SATISFACTION AND SCIENCE TRUST</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">citizen science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science volunteers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Cognitive Career Theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural equation model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941480.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was carried out at the Science Volunteer Program 2018, which is run by Taiwan’s Ministry of Science and Technology. The purpose of the research was to understand the effects of self-efficacy, satisfaction, and science trust on science volunteers’ intention to continue volunteering. The research drew on the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) to test how social cognitive variables affect volunteers’ intention to continue engaging in events and with organizations. A total of 156 volunteers taking part in the program completed a questionnaire measuring Self-efficacy, Satisfaction, Trust, and Intention. A structural equation model (SEM) was developed, and the proposed effects on the variables were tested using SEM procedures. The results of the SEM analysis found that there were positive effects between (a) Self-efficacy and Satisfaction, (b) Self-efficacy and Intention, (c) Satisfaction and Intention, and (d) Trust and Intention. The discussion highlights implications for science volunteer managers who are not only in a position to increase volunteers’ behavioral intention to continue their engagement in volunteer work, but also to facilitate interventions to boost volunteering in Taiwan.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">234-246</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ma Luo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuhao Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daner Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhi Hong Wan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liying Zhu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATING SCIENTIFIC REASONING ABILITY: THE DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF AN ASSESSMENT WITH A FOCUS ON REASONING AND THE USE OF EVIDENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complexity of Scientific Reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence in Reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch Modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific Reasoning Ability (SRA)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941634.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific reasoning ability (SRA) is widely recognized as an essential goal for science education. There is much discussion on the design and development of assessment frameworks as viable tools to foster SRA. However, established assessments mostly focus on the level of students reasoning attainment. Student ability to use evidence to support reasoning is not adequately addressed and evaluated. In this study, the 6-level SRA assessment framework was conceptualized and validated iteratively via synthesizing literature and a Delphi study. Guided by the framework, an SRA assessment tool adopting and adapting PISA test items and self-created items was developed and administered to 593 secondary students (including 318 8th Graders and 275 9th Graders) in mainland China. Pearson correlation analysis of SRA assessment score and their scores in scientific reasoning provided criterion-related validation for the former (Pearson correlation = .527). Rasch analysis conducted further confirmed the validity and reliability of the SRA test and the assessment framework. Combing quantitative and qualitative methods, the study provides a valid and reliable analytical framework of SRA. It can inform the design of SRA assessments in various science education contexts for diversified audiences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">261-275</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hui Zeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Na Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gui-Rong Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qiu-ye Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Qiu Xu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATION OF INTERACTIVE GAME-BASED LEARNING IN PHYSICS DOMAIN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">game-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge acquisition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning guidelines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591088071.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years, game-based learning has attracted much attention in education; however, the effectiveness of game-based learning is still not solidly confirmed. In the present research, a game-based learning in the physics domain with guides provided direct and immediate feedback. The research was conducted among three different groups: the traditional group, the educational video group, and the game-based learning group. The result showed that the game-based learning group performed the best among the three groups, followed by the educational video group, and the traditional group performed the worst. Students in the game-based learning group were enrolled into an interview to study which types of guides enhanced students’ game-based learning. From the interview, the prompts and the interactive characteristic of the game-based learning environment took the first two places. In addition, students benefited from the features of game-based learning including task requirements for execution, the tip prompt function, the feedback mechanism, and the story settings. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate applicable guides into the design of game-based learning according to students’ perspectives for providing engaging learning experience. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">484-498</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Aydogdu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koray Kasapoglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nil Duban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selanik Ay, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatih Ozdinc</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING CHANGE IN PERCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE TEACHERS ABOUT E-STEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524391.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional development programs might affect teachers' perceptions of how STEM disciplines are interconnected. The purpose of this research was to examine the change in perceptions of science teachers particularly in disadvantageous schools, who participated in a practice-based professional development program offered in Turkey, about STEM, entrepreneurship, and E-STEM, and their experiences related to E-STEM. This qualitative research had a phenomenological design. The participants were totally 30 science teachers who were teaching in each of the seven geographical regions of Turkey. The data were collected through semi-structured pre- and post-focus group interview forms finalized after the expert review and pilot study. Furthermore, the science teachers were asked to keep a diary about the implementation process throughout the research. The data collected through focus group interviews were examined using content analysis and the data collected through the diaries were examined using descriptive analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the science teachers defined E-STEM as a process containing the aspects of entrepreneurship (communication, perseverance and determination, self-confidence, motivation, risk-taking, presentation, and marketing) more comprehensively compared to the pre-interviews. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">696-717</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson E. Upahi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Umesh Ramnarain</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ WORKING MEMORY AND THEIR ABILITIES TO SOLVE OPEN-ENDED CHEMISTRY PROBLEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">open-ended problems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">working memory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269978.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Open-ended problem-solving skills have been identified as employable skills, which undergraduate students will need to have in order to cope with real-life problems in their workplaces after graduation. However, the development and assessment of these skills have been inconsistent across courses offered in universities. This research examined undergraduate students’ ability to engage with open-ended chemistry problems, and the influence of their working memory space on problem solving. The research is a descriptive research design that employed a survey method for collection data. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 665 students from 19 chemistry departments in Nigerian universities. The students’ ability to solve open-ended problems was measured in terms of their performance and was found to be below average (&lt; 50). The female students outperformed their male counterparts in the chemistry open-ended problem-solving test (ChemOPST). A strong positive correlation was found to exist between students’ working memory capacity and their performance in the ChemOPST. The research concludes on the need for experiential-based learning of chemical concepts which could help students build a knowledge base that is required to engage with problems that have real-life applications.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">142-156</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David González-Gómez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin Su Jeong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florentina Cañada-Cañada</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF AN ONLINE FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT TOOL (OFAT) OF STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT FOR A UNIVERSITY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adaptive assignment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching/learning methodologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087751.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Online formative assessment is still challenging although it is getting an increased attention as a significant tool for diagnosing and analysing students’ motivation and achievement in various education domains. This research examines the effects of an online formative assessment tool (OFAT) about science motivation and achievement in second-year students’ university education during four consecutive academic years, 2014 to 2018. A research on the basis of a randomized experimental design was conducted that assigned groups used an OFAT along with various assessments that students participated. A total of 311 students enrolled in the subject take part in the research, respectively 94, 89, 59 and 71 students. Particularly, the OFAT is offering feedback from students, feedback from lecturers and adaptive assignments. Here, data contained student motivation survey data, standardized achievement pre- and post-test data and students’ log records. The results of multiple tier analyses exposed positive effects about students’ motivation and achievement. Based on usage measurements, students’ intensity offers the positive effects about students’ motivation and achievement. Furthermore, along with overall students’ improved performance, the effects of high-performing students’ achievement were higher. Therefore, the results acquired meaningfully contribute to recover main drawbacks and difficulties of traditional science learning programs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">401-414</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bo Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bing Wei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiaoling Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ USE OF CURRICULUM MATERIALS: FROM THE TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">influencing factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572365.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to examine the impact of different factors on high school chemistry teachers’ use of curriculum materials in China. The examination was conducted on a theoretical framework in which three aspects of curriculum materials and three ways of curriculum use are involved and nine factors are suggested. Through a questionnaire survey of 212 chemistry teachers, the findings included the following aspects. Firstly, the nine factors more induced teachers to supplement the teaching elements, but less affected teachers to delete the original contents in the curriculum materials. Secondly, among the nine factors, ‘knowledge about students’ was recognized as the core factor in the three dimensions of teaching objectives, teaching strategies, and teaching activities, whereas ‘class size’ was regarded as the peripheral factor in all three dimensions. ‘Teaching resources’ was another peripheral factor for the dimensions of teaching strategies and teaching activities. Thirdly, two factors were found to be significantly different among teachers who are in different areas of economic development: ‘knowledge about students’ and ‘class size’. Fourthly, ‘knowledge about curriculum’ and ‘knowledge about instructional strategies’ were two factors that made significant differences in the comparison among teachers who have different years of teaching experience. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">893-907</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irene Lue Leh Ping</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lilia Halim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamisah Osman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLICIT TEACHING OF SCIENTIFIC ARGUMENTATION AS AN APPROACH IN DEVELOPING ARGUMENTATION SKILLS, SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND BIOLOGY UNDERSTANDING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modified argument driven inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practical work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941698.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science educational standards are increasingly emphasising on argumentation skills. However, students’ argumentation skills are often not developed well as their experience of science knowledge in schools is often in the form of uncontested facts. This research asserts that argumentation skills should be developed through explicit teaching of argumentation while engaged in practical work that draws on students’ science process skills. In turn, developing argumentation skills also improves their science process skills. Thus, this research sought to examine the effect of the Modified Argument-Driven Inquiry approach (MADI), Inquiry without Argument approach (IWA), and the conventional practical work approach (CON) on the development of argumentation and science process skills of Grade 10 students in practical biology. This research employed the quasi-experimental methodology involving Pre-test Post-test Non-equivalent Control Group design. The data were collected through tests on argumentation skills, science process skills and diffusion and osmosis concepts’ understanding. The MANOVA results showed that there was a significant improvement in the argumentation skills, science process skills and biology understanding among the students who experienced the MADI approach in practical biology. In contrast, students who experienced the IWA approach in practical biology showed significant improvement only in biology understanding.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">276-288</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liliana Mâță</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iuliana M. Lazăr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roxana Ghiațău</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING ACADEMIC DISHONESTY PRACTICES AMONG SCIENCE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic dishonesty</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bi-factor models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fraudulence in using IT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misuse in using IT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plagiarism in using IT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269786.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to explore e-dishonesty practices among science education undergraduates based on measurement models. The measuring tool was the Internet-triggered Academic Dishonesty Scale (IADS) comprised of ten items for the fraudulence construct and five items for the plagiarism construct as proposed by Akbulut et al. (2008), and another eight items as proposed by Karim, Zamzuri, and Nor (2009) for the construct of misuse in using information technologies by university students. A pilot sample of 125 valid responses and a test sample of 249 valid responses collected from university students in the Science Education program were subjects of factor analyses, non-parametric and invariance test methods. 16-item IADS scale was confirmed in a Romanian higher education context. A second-order factor (e-dishonesty), and three dimensions of first-order factors (plagiarism, fraudulence, and misuse in using information technologies (IT)) were validated. Plagiarism was the most important factor, followed by fraudulence and misuse in using IT. E-dishonesty practices dimensions not varied depending on the sociodemographic profile of undergraduates. The case study research provided a significant contribution to the understanding of ethical Internet behaviors and to generate an appropriate tool to measure the e-dishonesty practices among undergraduates learning science education subjects. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91-107</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevgi Kingir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilge Gok</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Selman Bozkir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING RELATIONS AMONG PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ MOTIVATIONAL BELIEFS, LEARNING STRATEGIES AND CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING ENVIRONMENT PERCEPTIONS THROUGH UNSUPERVISED DATA MINING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Constructivist learning environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">data mining</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivational belief</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-Service Science Teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524864.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Educational data mining is a developing research trend for exploring hidden patterns and natural associations among a set of student, teacher or school related variables. Discovering profiles of preservice science teachers using data mining methods would give important information about quality of teacher education programs and future science teachers’ performance. The aim of this research was to describe characteristics of preservice science teachers and to explore the relations among their motivational beliefs, learning strategy use, and constructivist learning environment perceptions. Participants included 480 preservice science teachers in their final semester of the teacher education program. Data were gathered using Demographic Questionnaire, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, Achievement Goal Questionnaire and Constructivist Learning Environment Scale. Findings of clustering analysis revealed gender as a discriminating factor between the obtained two natural groups. Preservice science teachers’ characteristics including background characteristics, motivational beliefs, strategy use and constructivist learning environment perceptions were grouped into two clusters, namely males and females. Moreover, the association rules mining analysis revealed strong relations among preservice science teachers’ motivational beliefs, learning strategy use, and constructivist learning environment perceptions. This research provided many important findings that can be useful for further decision-making strategies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">804-823</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fu-Hsing Tsai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I-Ying Hsu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF GUIDANCE IN A COMPUTER DETECTIVE GAME FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry guidance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning game</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science problem-solving</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214650.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to develop a computer detective game for science education to provide students in experiencing real-world problem-solving after learning electricity-related knowledge, and to explore the effects of designing the guidance of process constraints and prompts into this game. To explore the effects of guidance, two different game tasks with and without the guidance of process constraints and prompts were integrated into this game. At the same time, to understand appropriate prompt guidance, two different versions of the first game task with and without real-time prompts were also designed. Two ninth-grade classes from a lower secondary school were randomly assigned to use different versions of game with different real-time guidance prompts. The research findings indicate that students had significantly better problem-solving performance in first game task with the guidance of process constraints and prompts than those in second game task without guidance. The results also indicate that the design of real-time prompts may not only enhance students’ problem-solving performance and knowledge acquisition, but also lower students’ cognitive load.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">647-658</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khanyisile Brenda Nhlengethwa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadaraj Govender</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doras Sibanda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FINAL-YEAR PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF INQUIRY-BASED-SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IBST understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scenario-based questionnaire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087928.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers’ accurate understanding of Inquiry-Based Science Teaching (IBST) is crucial for the proper enactment of this pedagogical approach. In this research, a qualitative case study design was used to explore and interpret pre-service teachers’ understanding of IBST at the conclusion of their three-year primary diploma at a university in Swaziland. Data were collected using a semi-structured teaching scenario-based questionnaire in conjunction with individual semi-structured interviews. Thirty-four participants completed the questionnaire and eight of them were subsequently interviewed. The data were analyzed using a conceptual framework of IBST that outlines two dimensions of IBST; namely the cognitive and guidance dimensions. The results show that in the cognitive dimension, participants focused mainly on the procedural domain. With regard to the guidance dimension, they associated the pedagogical approach more with teacher-directed than learner-directed learning activities. This paper recommends that in training pre-service primary school teachers, teacher educators must broaden their focus from procedural aspects of IBST to include all its aspects; thereby developing their pre-service teachers’ holistic and deep experiences of IBST.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">454-466</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Broks</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENERAL REMARKS ON BASIC ACTUALITIES WITHIN OUR LIFE AND EDUCATION DURING FIRST 20 YEARS OF 21st CENTURY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human life activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interconnected changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental Life Activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1603081853.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development of Human personal as well as social Life means continuing physical and spiritual (mental) changes all around them and within them. Corresponding changes traditionally reflected by humans as evolution (reformational) or revolution (transformational) processes, that are realizing corresponding quantitative or qualitative steps within the development of people’s Life Activities. First 20 years of 21-st Century presented a real start of serious qualitative changes as a process of implementation up to date achievements of modern Science and Technologies. These are transformational changes not only within physical background of our traditional Life, but fast developing of corresponding changes also within our spiritual (or mental) Life (Broks, 2016). The central phenomenon within the mentioned processes above today is the development of overall computerization of physical as well as mental Life Activities of Humans.  Global, regional, local explosion of information as an artefact of revolution within Computer Science and Information Technology marks the above mentioned beginning of the 21-st century. So, our life today is becoming more and more complex by means of increasing diversity and speed of corresponding changes. Virus COVID-19 attack has just only accelerated these changes. Global turnover of Biological as well as Computer viruses is part of modern Life today for tomorrow.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">692-695</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgios Tsaparlis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIGHER AND LOWER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS: THE CASE OF CHEMISTRY REVISITED</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry examinations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher-order cognitive skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher-order thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">twelfth-grade chemistry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087985.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This work analyses students’ failure in the 2019 Nationwide Chemistry Examination in Greece, which concerns secondary education graduates, competing for admission to higher education Greek institutions. The distinction of thinking skills into higher and lower order (HOTS and LOTS) is used as a theoretical tool for this analysis. The examination included several questions that contained HOTS elements that had been unusual in previous examinations. This led to a decrease in overall student performance but better discrimination between outstanding and good students. Based on two samples of examination papers, corresponding to very similar subsets of the student population, the 2018 and 2019 examinations are compared, and the individual 2019 questions are evaluated. It was found that section B of the 2019 examination paper (which included contexts unfamiliar to the students, and for which, a large effect size between 2018 and 2019 was calculated) may have caused the large drop. An important link is established between the 2019 low performance and the HOTS and LOTS features of the questions, and the role or non-role of algorithmic calculations is examined. In addition, the critical opinions of chemistry teachers are provided, with a consensus emerging in favour of connecting chemistry with everyday life. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">467-483</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şengül Atasoy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seyhan Eryılmaz Toksoy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muammer Çalık</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDENTIFYING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ INITIAL IMPRESSIONS OF THE CONCEPT CARTOONS IN THE SCHOOL CORRIDORS AND INFORMAL PHYSICS LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept cartoon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">informal learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">initial impression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269416.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since concept cartoons give an important opportunity for students to achieve informal physics learning, the current research focused on pre-service teachers’ initial impressions of the concept cartoons in the school corridors and informal physics learning. The aim of the research was to determine pre-service teachers’ initial impressions of  the concept cartoons in the school corridors and informal physics learning via the concept cartoons. After a 14-week intervention, a questionnaire with seven open-ended questions was administered to 542 pre-service teachers from primary, mathematics and science teacher education programmes. Their responses to the questionnaire were exposed to qualitative content analysis via two categories (advanced and poor impression). The results showed that pre-service teachers generally refered to advanced impressions of the concept cartoons. In light of the results, it can be deduced that the concept cartoons have enhanced their initial impressions of informal physics/science learning via the concept cartoons. The current research recommends that pre-service teachers should be encouraged to produce their own concept cartoons on the topic(s) they found difficult. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25-35</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thobile Nkosi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindelani Mnguni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL MOLECULAR MODELS ON STUDENTS' VISUO-SEMIOTIC REASONING SKILLS RELATED TO THE LEWIS STRUCTURE AND BALL &amp; STICK MODEL OF AMMONIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ball &amp; stick models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lewis structures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visuo-semiotic reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214439.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visuo-semiotic models, such as Lewis structures and ball &amp; stick models, are widely used to enhance students’ learning. However, there is limited research about the impact of these models on specific visuo-semiotic reasoning skills. In the current research, we aimed to determine the extent to which physical molecular models could enhance specific visuo-semiotic reasoning skills among students. The research question that we explored was, “what is the impact of physical molecular models on Grade 11 students’ visuo-semiotic reasoning skills related to Lewis structures and ball &amp; stick models of ammonia?” In this mixed-methods research, we collected data from purposively selected Grade 11 chemistry students aged between 15 and 18 from an under-resourced school in South Africa. Through a quasi-experimental design, participants in the experimental group (n = 101) used physical molecular models to learn about Lewis structure and ball &amp; stick models of ammonia while participants in the control group (n = 100) did not. We subsequently tested students' visuo-semiotic reasoning skills. Results show that using physical molecular models significantly improved students' visuo-semiotic reasoning skills and reduced associated learning difficulties. We, therefore, recommend that these models should be used as an instructional tool to enhance learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">594-604</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paweł Bernard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karol Dudek-Różycki</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INQUIRY-BASED METHODS ON SCIENCE TEACHERS’ CLASSROOM PRACTICE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941315.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inquiry-based methods have become very popular in science education all over the world. In Europe, they were strongly advocated in years 2007-2013 within the 7th EU Framework Programme projects, and in that time, in many countries teacher educational programmes (TEP) in inquiry were developed and implemented. However, there has been limited information on how effective those trainings are, and how teachers bring theory into practice. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the impact of training in inquiry-based methods on the teachers’ professional practices. The training consisted of two stages: I – one-week-long core training, and II – one-year-long extended support. Ninety-two science teachers participated in the research. It had a quantitative character and was based on a self-evaluation sheet that was completed three times: before the training, a month after the training, and a year after the training. The research results revealed current Polish science teachers’ practices related to facilitating learning by inquiry and identified the inquiry’s features that were immediately adopted by teachers, those that were adopted after a longer period, and finally, those that were not implemented at all. These results can be especially useful to educators who design and run TEPs in inquiry-based teaching and learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-219</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katarina Susman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jerneja Pavlin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVEMENTS IN TEACHERS' KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC ASTRONOMY CONCEPTS THROUGH DIDACTIC GAMES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">astronomy education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">didactic games</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service primary school teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moon phases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606573063.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Literature review shows that many primary school teachers have poor understanding of basic astronomy contents. Therefore, the aim of the study was to introduce specific astronomical content to in-service primary school teachers through two didactic games, to evaluate the didactic games and the teachers’ knowledge and understanding before and after the implementation of the didactic games. The research included 24 in-service primary school teachers. The data were collected through the knowledge test (pre-post design) and questionnaires for each didactic game. The results showed that the teachers evaluated the didactic games as suitable for use in the classroom as they emphasized that they are educational, explicit and interesting. The implementation was identified as effective because the median for fractional gains was 0.54 and showed the medium gain in teachers’ knowledge and understanding of selected astronomy contents. It was recognized that in-service primary school teachers do not feel competent for introducing complex astronomical contents to their students. However, the presented approach could encourage in-service primary school teachers to deepen their knowledge and to teach astronomy contents with a method that is closer to their students. University teachers could point out the advantages and disadvantages of didactic games in astronomy content and discuss them with pre-service primary school teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1020-1033</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mária Babinčáková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mária Ganajová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Sotáková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paweł Bernard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFLUENCE OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES (FACTs) ON STUDENT’S OUTCOMES IN CHEMISTRY AT SECONDARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment classroom techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher-order cognitive skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269504.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment in many Central- and Eastern-European countries is dominated by summative assessment (SA). Simultaneously, researchers and educators from western Europe and the US proclaim the formative assessment (FA) as an important element of the educational process and advise including it into curricula and everyday teachers’ practice. The research presented herein reports an introduction of formative assessment classroom techniques (FACTs) during chemistry lessons at K7 level in Slovakia. In total 202 students participated in the research. They were divided randomly into a control (n=97) and an experimental (n=105) group, and the intervention covered 10 successive lessons. After the intervention, the student’s outcomes were compared using the test checking student’s knowledge and skills according to various domains of Bloom’s revised taxonomy. The results suggested a statistically significant increase in the score of the experimental group, and a detailed analysis revealed that the increase was significant in both lower- and higher-order cognitive skills area. Finally, the students’ reaction on the introduction of formative assessment was studied and showed their positive attitude towards the introduced method.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36-49</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Šárka Doležalová Křepelková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Krajhanzl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roman Kroufek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INFLUENCE OF INTERACTION WITH NATURE IN CHILDHOOD ON FUTURE PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">affective mediator</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interaction with nature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediation analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pro-environmental behavior</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214205.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pro-environmental behavior is a key to environmental sustainability. It is important to know which variables influence the development of pro-environmental behavior and how important direct interaction with nature is for future environmental engagement. The aim of the research was to examine the correlation between childhood interaction with nature and pro-environmental behavior as an adult and the mediators influencing this correlation. The respondents (N = 370) were selected by the snowball method and completed an on-line questionnaire. Bivariate correlation and parallel mediation analysis were done. Previous research studies focused mainly on one type of influence, and this research brought a comparison of three mediators. The results confirmed that interaction with nature in childhood affects future pro-environmental behavior. The main mediator seems to be the affective mediator. The cognitive mediator and interaction with nature in adulthood had only a small mediation effect. Children’s emotional bonding with nature is the important element for the development of pro-environmental behavior. This appears to be a more effective way of ensuring stronger pro-environmental behavior in the future than building environmental knowledge or relying on sufficient interaction with nature in adulthood. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">536-550</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jingying Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mingyue Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beibei Lv</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feixiong Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yonghe Zheng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yihong Sun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFLUENCING FACTORS OF 10th GRADE STUDENTS’ SCIENCE CAREER EXPECTATIONS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10th grade students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">influencing factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science career expectations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural equation model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214794.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science career expectations can be affected by personal science beliefs and social supports. Framed in Expectancy-Value Models, this research studied the influence of science beliefs (science interest belief, self-efficacy belief and value belief) and social supports (parents and teachers) on students’ science career expectations by the survey of 798 10th grade students. Based on Structural Equation Model, it was found that: 1) science interest belief, self-efficacy belief, value belief and parents’ support can directly predict students' expectations of science careers; 2) the effect of student’s perception from parents and teachers support on science choice preferences and career engagement are mediated through the effects on students’ interest, self-efficacy and value in science. Therefore, teachers and parents should enhance students’ science beliefs and identity for the improvement of their science career expectations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">675-686</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Sotáková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mária Ganajová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mária Babinčáková</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION AS A REVISION STRATEGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive processes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">confirmation inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591088137.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The research aim was to identify the effect of revising the thematic unit “Changes in Chemical Reactions” using IBSE (based on confirmation inquiry) in the 8th grade of secondary school. This thematic unit is taught in chemistry lessons in the 2nd term of the 7th grade. A set of activities verified by a piece of pilot research was used to implement IBSE based on confirmation inquiry using the 5E Educational Model. The research was performed in ten Slovak secondary schools during the 1st term of the 2017/2018 school year. This research employed the quasi-experimental methodology involving pre-test–post-test two-group design. The research sample consisted of 292 8th grade students. They were divided randomly into a control (n=149) and experimental (n=143) group, and the intervention took place during 10 lessons. Cognitive tests based on the revised Bloom's taxonomy were used to measure students’ knowledge and skills before and after revision. The results indicate that using IBSE (based on confirmation inquiry) in the revision phase is more effective than teaching without using IBSE in terms of developing conceptual understanding. It affects the lower and higher cognitive processes (understanding, application, and analysis) and stimulates learning mainly in students with lower academic performance.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">499-513</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olugbenga A. Ige</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loyiso C. Jita</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES OF SCIENCE TEACHERS IN RURAL LEARNING ECOLOGIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence portfolios</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instructional practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">short learning intervention programme</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524800.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The outcomes of IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) conducted from 1995 to 2002 confirmed that there was no improvement in the learning outcomes of grade eight learners in Mathematics and Science. Additionally, the failure rate in Mathematics at the National Senior Certificate (NSC) Matriculation examination has increased from 2008 to 2018 in South African schools. It was consequent on this decline in performance that the South African National Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL) Chair in Science and Mathematics Education developed a short learning intervention programme for Mathematics teachers in South Africa in 2013 and 2014. This research reports post-intervention instructional practices of five teachers at Reitz who took part in the intervention programme. The teachers took part in the training workshops that were orgnised  for participants at the University of the Free State, implemented the knowledge acquired from the programme in their respective schools, and compiled an evidence portfolios of their post-intervention instructional practices. The portfolios of evidence submitted by the teachers were thus analysed to give voice and meaning to their post-intervention instructional practices and reflections. The analyses provide evidences of which aspects of their instructional delivery worked well while other aspects did not work well. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">780-803</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindelani Mnguni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamza Mokiwa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INTEGRATION OF ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN STEM EDUCATION AS A RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Covid-19 pandemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online teaching methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1613414177.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education curriculum and instructional design continuously undergo reforms that aim to prepare learners for the challenges of the 21st century (Hoeg &amp; Bencze, 2017; Pietarinen et al., 2017). In particular, STEM education has adopted strategies that integrate modern technologies in teaching and learning to enhance knowledge construction and application among learners and societies. In some countries, STEM education reforms are fuelled by socio-economic and political imperatives that seek to promote social justice (Mnguni, 2018). More recently, the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic has forced schools and universities to adopt online teaching methods to reduce the coronavirus's spread. Consequently, researchers are exploring strategies for the incorporation of online teaching and learning methods. The effectiveness of these strategies and their impact on the students' conceptualization of STEM knowledge, its application, and relevance are continuously being investigated.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1040-1042</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilek Sultan Acarli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TEACHING APPLICATION: THE TOPIC OF PROTEINS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept map</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experimental research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087457.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of present research was to examine the effects of interdisciplinary teaching approach on teaching the topic of proteins. In the research, unequal control group model- one of the quasi-experimental research designs was used. The experimental group included 16 students (8 female and 8 male) whereas the control group included 14 students (6 female and 8 male) in this research- which was conducted with the participation of the 12th grade students. A lesson plan in which the topic of proteins was taught in interdisciplinary approach was prepared as the tool of application. A concept map prepared by the researcher and a 5-point Likert type of question were used in collected the data. The data collection tool was given to both the experimental group and the control group as a pre-test and post-test. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, a non-parametric method- was used in comparing the participants’ scores in the pre-test and post-test of concept map and Likert type question. As a result, it was found that the application of interdisciplinary teaching conducted in the experimental group had caused differences in students’ associating the concepts in biology and chemistry available in the topic of proteins and in their perceptions of their skills in this respect.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">344-355</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zvonka Cencelj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">METACOGNITIVE MODEL FOR DEVELOPING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING FUNCTIONAL LITERACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering functional literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive didactic model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science functional literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941392.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science, technology and engineering functional literacy should be developed purposely in the school system – like any other competence, it does not develop spontaneously. For this purpose, a didactic model, the Metacognitive Model for Developing Science, Technology and Engineering Literacy (McM_T&amp;E), was developed. Apart from acquiring knowledge and skills from the field of technology and engineering, the McM_T&amp;E is equally focused on developing functional literacy in the field of technology and engineering, as well as in the field of science, through the development of students’ metacognitive knowledge about reading strategies for reading STE explicatory texts and for reading manufacturing instructions. The McM_T&amp;E was implemented in a Technology and Technique’ (T&amp;T) class, grade six, in Slovenia. Results show that focusing on science, technology and engineering literacy in Technology and Engineering classes by using the McM_T&amp;E model increases the students’ science, technology, and engineering functional literacy, which is a fundamental competence in the 21st century. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">220-233</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huanhuan Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanxia Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hualin Bi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELING TEACHING IN STUDY OF GALVANIC CELLS: UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL CONTEXT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">galvanic cells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proficiency level</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606764553.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Besides improving students' understanding of scientific concepts, chemistry teaching should also improve students' ability of applying concepts to solve problems. The research aims to explore the effects of modeling teaching on students’ proficiency in solving galvanic cell problems. This research used a quasi-experimental design, and the independent variable of the research was the teaching method. Forty-five students in the experimental class received modeling teaching, and 48 students in the control class received lecture-style teaching. The dependent variable was the performance level of the student's ability to solve the problem of the galvanic cell, which was evaluated using the galvanic cell proficiency assessment tool. The research results show that the students in the experimental class were significantly more proficient in solving galvanic cell problems than those in the control class. The results of unstructured interviews assisted in illustrating the role of modeling teaching in improving the proficiency of students in solving galvanic cell problems, and students in the experimental class had positive views on modeling teaching. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">972-988</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfiya R. Masalimova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elena I. Cherdymova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albina R. Shaidullina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NEW PLAYMAKER IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: COVID-19</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human existence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Novel Coronavirus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941191.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nowadays, we all are sitting in our homes and watching what is going on in the world, as if we are watching a science fiction movie, in which we have the leading role. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), which first appeared in Wuhan (Abdulamir, &amp; Hafidh, 2020; Ait Addi et al., 2020 Aljofan,  &amp; Gaipov, 2020; Sorooshian, 2020) and later turned into a pandemic affecting the entire world, does not discriminate between the degree of democracy, finances, religion, gender, ethnicity and region. World is a fireplace and we all are “burning”. 
In the countries where the pandemic is progressing rapidly, all health professionals, regardless of their area of expertise, have been called to the field. This reminds us of the need to revive the general perspective that we have begun to forget. That is to say, no matter how specific our area of expertise is, we are obliged to keep the general perspective of our field and basic doctrines constantly fresh.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180-185</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena Ž. Maksimović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena S. Osmanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anastasija S. Mamutović</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERSPECTIVES OF STEM EDUCATION REGARDING SERBIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION FOR CAREER CHOICE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional interests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572920.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The research was motivated by the necessity to examine the perspectives of STEM professions in Serbia. The aim of this research was to study students’ motives for career choices and their attitudes towards STEM sciences. The empirical scientific approach was applied, i.e. the quantitative and qualitative research method. The most frequently chosen undergraduate majors, the motives that determined that choice and the professional interests were examined by the interviewing technique in the first phase and the scaling and survey techniques in the second phase of the research. The participation in the research was voluntary and comprised of Serbian secondary school students. The research ascertained that a poor state of the national economy determined the students’ decision to be trained for “jobs of the future” rather than attend the desired studies. The professions in the IT sector, engineering and sciences proved to be the most profitable ones. These results proved a growing popularity of STEM professions among the Serbian students, but they also implied the prospective necessity to promote mathematics and engineering within the education system considering the present insufficient interest in these academic studies. Regarding the fact that this type of scientific research is still rarely conducted by Serbian experts in the relevant field, this research contributes to a more comprehensive review of the STEM education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">989-1007</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamad Nasri, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurfarahin Nasri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abd Talib, A. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYSICS TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE PHYSICS EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ perception</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214325.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The United Nation 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development advocates teachers as the key in, and for, sustainable development. Surprisingly, while physics teachers have long been recognized as important agents in equipping students with necessary physics knowledge and scientific inquiry skills, nonetheless less attention is paid to explore physics teachers’ perceptions on sustainable physics education (SPE). The absence of robust research that explores physics teachers’ perceptions to SPE has informed this research. A total of 248 Malaysian physics teachers were involved in a survey consisting of both close and open-ended questions to capture their perceptions of SPE. In examining the differences in physics teachers’ perceptions of SPE, with regards to teaching experiences and educational background, the one-way ANOVA was utilized. Whereas thematic analysis was used to analyze responses from the open-ended questions. The main finding of this research is the novice physics teachers expressed more positive views of SPE, where they posed better understanding and greatly valued physics competencies when compared to the other teaching experiences groups. The understandings of sustainability among physics teachers were largely dominated by environmental foci. This research provides vital information to design effective teacher professional development targeting novice physics teachers in order to implement SPE effectively. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">569-582</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yurt Tarakçı, Ö.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sadiye Keleş</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kölemen, E. B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESCHOOL TEACHERS’ SCIENCE TALKS DURING PICTURE STORYBOOK TELLING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">storytelling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606770837.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to analyze preschool teachers’ types of science talks and the variety of concept-related words they used during these talks in class. A picture storybook with a light related concept as the main theme, was chosen as a data collection tool. Teachers were asked to analyze this wordless picture storybook and children were asked in their classes if they approved it. Ten preschool teachers in-service participated in this research. Data were qualitatively collected; it was recorded during story telling. Research results showed that teachers included science explanations, declarative scientific knowledge, questions, comparisons, and evidence talks supporting thinking skills, among types of science talks according to their frequency order, whereas they did not include personal connections talk. Besides, it was determined that they included light related concepts (natural and artificial), vision related concepts (daylight/darkness, like difficulty in vision) and light direction related concepts, according to their frequency order. It can be stated that the results obtained from this research shall contribute to framing of contents of professional development particularly scientific activities of teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">940-953</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eli Rohaeti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti Kolonial Prodjosantoso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irwanto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESEARCH-ORIENTED COLLABORATIVE INQUIRY LEARNING MODEL: IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDES IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service chemistry teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research-oriented learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269848.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Promoting students’ attitudes, a part of affective domains is a major goal in higher education. Unfortunately, only a few studies were available related to the improvement of pre-service chemistry teachers’ attitudes as this domain was rarely explored using a mixed teaching approach. In this quasi-experimental research, we investigated the effect of the Research-Oriented Collaborative Inquiry Learning (REORCILEA) in improving students’ scientific attitudes. A total of sixty-four (6 males, 58 females) first-year pre-service chemistry teachers at the Department of Chemistry Education of a public university in Indonesia attended the General Chemistry course. In order to collect the data, the Scientific Attitudes Scale and Interview Protocol were administered. The data were then analyzed using t-test and thematic analysis. The results of the t-test revealed that students in the experimental group obtained significantly greater scores than the ones of the control group regarding their scientific attitudes. After analyzing the interview data qualitatively, students who were exposed to non-traditional teaching approach had stronger learning interests and enjoyed the chemistry lectures. In conclusion, REORCILEA model could be considered more effective in improving students’ scientific attitudes compared to conventional teaching methods.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108-120</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eunjeong Yun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REVIEW OF TRENDS IN PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH USING TOPIC MODELING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research trend</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">topic modeling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087680.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For both physicists who teach students in university and physics educators, how physics should be taught is a vital question. This study reviewed the trends of research in the field of physics education to identify the status of physics education research and help researchers in future studies. 2,959 articles were collected from the American Journal of Physics (AJP) and 745 articles from the Physics Review Physics Education Research (PRPER). Abstracts of the collected articles were used for the study. After preprocessing the texts of the abstracts, topics were extracted from the texts using topic modeling. The Late Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model of Mallet was used for topic modeling. A total of 13 topics were extracted from the two journals. In recent years, “pedagogical content of knowledge (PCK),” “assessment” of achievement and “gender” of student have been topics of increasing interest; “teacher education” and “students’ reasoning process” have been topics with continuous high interest, and “introductory physics” and “problem solving” in physics have been topics with decreasing interest.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">388-400</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sahin Kalyon, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE SCIENCE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' IMAGINE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning Environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science class</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student drawings</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214531.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research explored dream science classrooms of primary school third-and fourth-grade students. Research is designed as a case study. The students were first asked to illustrate their dream science classroom and produce a short description of their drawings. Second, they were asked to write their expectations of their teachers, their classmates, and themselves in their science classes. Three hundred and twelve participants were identified using the convenience sampling method. The research evaluated the students’ drawings and descriptions in the first step, and their expectations in the second step. Students, in their drawings, conveyed the following messages: Experiments (lab works) could be used in science education, and different classroom activities and science courses could be done outside the classroom. In addition, they expected their teachers to have them perform more experiments in the classes, to offer them interesting and intriguing knowledge, to encourage them to conduct research and projects, and ask questions. Their expectations of their classmates to follow the classroom rules, to work in collaboration, to share, and to appreciate them so that they can benefit from science classes more efficiently. They expected themselves to be successful in science classes. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">605-627</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mónica   Baptista</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estela Costa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iva Martins</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19: TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES ABOUT STRATEGIES, CHALLENGES AND EFFECTS ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pandemic context</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM activity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1613414275.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aims to examine: (a) how Physics teachers who participated in a STEM project, adopted and implemented a STEM activity in the context of a pandemic; (b) from the perspective of Physics teachers, what were the effects on students' learning of a STEM activity implemented in the context of the pandemic; (c) what challenges had Physics teachers faced in implementing the STEM activity during the pandemic. A qualitative and interpretive methodology was used. The participants are four Physics teachers who implemented a STEM activity on sound, during the pandemic. Data were collected through interviews and written reflections. The study has shown how, in a crisis context such as COVID-19, which affected schools all around the world, teachers were able to deal with it and kept developing a STEM activity, revealing the main challenges and effects on student learning, from the teachers’ points of view. Moreover, it was clear that carrying out with success a STEM activity, in such an adverse scenario, was strongly related with teachers who found new strategies and keep students motivated, by guiding them proficiently, and that requires to merge scientific and technological knowledge.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1043-1054</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon-Chao Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jian-Hong Ye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ya-Jiuan Ho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ya-Jun Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM EMBEDDED IN THE DUJIANGYAN IRRIGATION SYSTEM: A DESCRIPTIVE - INTERPRETIVE ANALYSIS TO DESIGN STEM COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cultural-historical activity theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dujiangyan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydraulic engineering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524734.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education is recognized as the world’s top education program. However, few STEM programs have been designed based on cultural-historical events. To explore this issue, the present study drew on the cultural-historical activity theory and the content analysis method by adopting the descriptive-interpretative approach to explore the STEM content of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System (DIS) in present-day Sichuan, China. As early as 2,275 years ago during the Warring States period, Li Bing, the governor of Shu Shire in the Qin state, implicitly implemented the STEM concept when building the irrigation system. The results of this study indicate that the DIS incorporates Science (e.g., the hydraulic principle), Technology (e.g., making a large cobblestone Bamboo-Cage for building Fish Mouth), Engineering (e.g., water-level measurement) and Mathematics (e.g., Calculation of sand discharge). Adopting an educational pedagogy proposed by UNESCO which emphasized learning concepts from daily life, the present study draws on a cultural-historical event to inform STEM learning. The method and results of this study can be applied in the design of STEM programs based on other cultural-historical events from around the world.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">764-779</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Skrabankova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanislav Popelka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marketa Beitlova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO WORK WITH GRAPHS IN PHYSICS STUDIES RELATED TO THREE TYPICAL STUDENT GROUPS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education in physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eye-tracking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gifted children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">graph</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941849.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Graphs are often used to represent mathematical functions, to illustrate data from social and natural sciences, or to specify scientific theories. With increasing emphasis on the development of scientific research skills, the work with graphs and data interpretation are gaining in importance. The research involved an eye-tracking experiment conducted to evaluate student work with graphs in physics. Eye-movement data were recorded using the GazePoint eye-tracker. A total of 40 third-year grammar school students participated in the research. These students were allocated into three groups by a physics teacher. These groups were called PLUS, AVERAGE and MINUS. The PLUS group showed excellent results in education and included gifted physics students. The MINUS group was composed of the opposite end of this cognitive spectrum, whose members made the most mistakes in graph reading. The aim of the experiment was to find the differences between students allocated to these three groups and to evaluate whether the allocation based on the teacher’s experience, long-term observations and the students’ previous achievements was sufficient. The results showed that students from all three groups had problems with reading graphs in physics. According to the eye-movement data, several students who had been incorrectly assigned to groups were identified. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">298-316</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE TEACHER’S ROLE IN THE BATTLE OF THE INTELLIGENT MACHINES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intelligent systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interactive tools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269250.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For most educators, grading and marking assignments are not high on their wish lists for their teaching routines. In the context of learning, the same can be said for their students, where examinations are associated with feelings such as insecurity, anxiety, fear, and stress. For diverse reasons, such as allowing students to self-assess their knowledge or providing homework, many teachers who are more advanced in the application of ICT, are already putting quizzes and tests online. Nowadays, such tests are in most cases delivered and assessed automatically, with an automatic system. Often, such basic systems provide feedback to the students if an answer is correct and a summary of the outcome. So far, so good ˗ after testing, students know what they still have to learn and what they have already learned. Equally, teachers get the same information about the students. In this way, a teacher’s time can be spent on better purpose. However, the drawback is that tests are uniform in the format of the templates provided by the system, the philosophy of test construction and the grading by their developers. Additionally, if not controlled, such tests can even be answered by people other than the target students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jayaluxmi Naidoo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asheena Singh-Pillay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF USING THE BLENDED LEARNING APPROACH FOR STEM-RELATED SUBJECTS WITHIN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">blended learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">communities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fourth industrial revolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM-related subjects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology-enabled learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214386.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Globally, as society enters the Fourth Industrial Revolution, we require a transformation in pedagogy. Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) related subjects are vital to succeeding within the Fourth Industrial Revolution. To provide quality STEM education, teachers’ perceptions related to the teaching and learning of STEM-related subjects is essential to understand. This qualitative research took place at one university in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and explored teachers’ perceptions of using blended learning for STEM-related subjects. Wenger’s Communities of Practice Theory framed this research. Data were generated from workshops and semi-structured interviews. The results of this research indicated that blended learning is impeded by the lack of technology-based tools; is hampered by teacher professional development; offered the use of virtual hours for consultation and feedback and increased engagement and collaboration within STEM-related milieus. These results provide a glimpse of what teachers perceive regarding the use of blended learning for secondary school mathematics and technology. Globally, these results have relevance when considering the importance of teachers’ perceptions of using blended learning for STEM-related subjects, as society embraces the Fourth Industrial Revolution.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">583-593</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevim Bezen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celal Bayrak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING MECHANICAL WAVES BY INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5E learning model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">action research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanical waves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper-secondary students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572281.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this research, the teaching of mechanical waves was realized with inquiry-based learning; the aim was to determine the changes in students’ conceptual understanding of spring, water, and sound waves. It was designed as action research. The study group comprised 58 upper-secondary school students enrolled in 10th grade at an Anatolian upper-secondary school in Turkey. Data collection tools used in the research were the form for conceptual understanding of mechanical waves, semi-structured interviews, video recordings and photographs, student journals, and hand-made materials. Moreover, researchers designed an action plan that was composed of activities on spring, water, and sound waves. Descriptive and conceptual content analyses were utilized in data analysis. At the end of the research, it was determined that there was a change in students’ conceptual understanding of spring, water, and sound waves. Moreover, it was determined that teaching based on inquiry-based learning contributed positively to students’ learning. In this respect, it is thought that such applications should become widespread. There should be online training for lecturers which in return would contribute to students’ learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">875-892</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geoffrey Lautenbach</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nardia Randell</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THROUGH THE COVID-19 LOOKING GLASS: COPING SKILLS FOR STEM EDUCATORS IN THE TIME OF A PANDEMIC AND BEYOND</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coping strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">progressive education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psycho-social issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">well-being</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1613414435.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The 2020 pandemic led to the immediate lockdown of schools and universities worldwide with far-reaching implications for educators and learners. Individual stories of lockdown and isolation are documented using direct quotations from discussion forums, emails, live chats, and structured journal entries from the Blackboard learning management system.  A ‘qualitative sense’ of a common narrative of turmoil and success within this ‘new [ab] normal’ is established. Educators’ contrasting accounts of uncertainty and hope are highlighted. The notion of anticipatory anxiety as a result of social lockdown restrictions is covered in terms of its impact on mental health and wellbeing, with special reference to the neuroscience that underpins this phenomenon. Strategies for the management of stress-related autonomic nervous system activation, as well as for building resilience and coping skills in classrooms, are highlighted, along with the need to address issues of cognitive dissonance and fatigue caused by increased online/blended teaching demands during uncertain times. The online format was found to be potentially impersonal and cold without the essential ‘human factor’. Despite technology in education there has to be human and social interaction, as well as support online. The most benefit was derived from live sessions and social interaction.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6A</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1068-1077</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE TRANSFORMATION OF &quot;ARTIFICIAL&quot; SCIENCE INTO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: 50 YEARS LATER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general artificial intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intelligent systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">machine morality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">robotic laws</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087387.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For years, experts have warned against the unanticipated effects of general artificial intelligence (AI) on society. Ray Kurzweil (1998, 2005) predicts that by 2029 intelligent machines will be able to outsmart human beings. Stephen Hawking argues that “once humans develop full AI; it will take off on its own and redesign itself at an ever-increasing rate”. Elon Musk warns that AI may constitute a “fundamental risk to the existence of human civilization”. If the problems of incorporating AI in manufacture and service operations, i.e. using smart machines, are smaller, as the ‘faults’ can be recognized relatively quickly and they do not have a drastic effect on society, then the incorporation of AI in society and especially in the educational process is an extremely risky business that requires a thorough consideration. The consequences of mistakes in this endeavour could be catastrophic and long-term, as the results can be seen only after many years.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">340-343</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shuaishuai Mi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shanshan Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hualin Bi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRENDS AND FOUNDATIONS IN RESEARCH ON STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION:  A METHOD BASED ON THE STRUCTURAL TOPIC MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">journal publication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural topic model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">text mining</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214269.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to reveal the trends and foundations in research on students’ conceptual understanding in science education. The literature was selected from three recognized journals in science education. The Structural Topic Model (STM) method was used to categorize articles into ten topics considering information about the semantic cohesion and exclusivity of words to topics. The topic, which has attracted increasing research interest, was selected using a method similar to standard regression analysis, and its changing focus was identified through an analysis of its research contents. Foundations of research about students’ conceptual understanding between 1980–1999 and 2000–2019 were obtained through a review of their top 10 most-cited papers. Three conclusions were drawn: a) there were ten sub-topics of research about students’ conceptual understanding; b) the research on the development (or pathways) of students’ scientific argumentation/reasoning is likely to attract further interest in the future; and c) compared to the studies in the first period, the studies in the second stage favor research on the description (nature, mental process, etc.) of the process of students’ conceptual understanding as the research foundation. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">551-568</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reinoso Tapia, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jaime Delgado-Iglesias</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNDERSTANDING PRE-SERVICE TEACHER CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN NUTRITION PROCESSES THROUGH DRAWINGS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human body</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human nutrition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher’s drawings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">subject matter knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572998.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers' subject matter knowledge is a substantive component of the teaching-learning process. For a teacher to be able to transform and integrate into the classroom all the knowledge and experience they have acquired in the course of the professional activity, it is first necessary to acquire a deep and solid knowledge of the matter. The aim of the research was to analyse the understanding that pre-service teachers have about the physiology and anatomy of the human body. The alternative conceptions that pre-service teachers held about the nutritional function in living beings were also explored. The research was conducted on a biology course of the Primary Education Bachelor’s Degree during the 2018/2019 academic year. Drawings and open-ended questions were collected from 96 pre-service teachers. The results reveal that the students surveyed have limited knowledge of the subject before entering university. The use of drawing proved to be an excellent tool for detecting previous conceptions and evaluating the progression made by the students in their learning. Numerous alternative conceptions were identified among the students, thus demonstrating the need to think about the scientific methodology used to teach these contents.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1008-1019</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamirirofa Chirikure</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ APPROACHES TO SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS IN AN EXAMINATION DRIVEN CURRICULUM CONTEXT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">divergent approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iterative approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">linear approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science experiments</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214143.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research explored upper-secondary school students’ approaches when they engage in planning and conducting science experiments. Approaches to science experiments are important because they provide insight into students’ scientific reasoning and their enactment of scientific methods. An explanatory mixed-methods design was employed to determine and explain students’ approaches to science experiments. Data were generated by administering a 15-item Approaches to Science Experiments Questionnaire (ASEQ) on 211 participants and interviewing a smaller sample of 33. The linear approach was predominant while the divergent approach was least adopted by the participants. The teaching-learning context, substantive and procedural knowledge lead to specific approaches and the emergence of subcategories of the three broad approaches. Capable students engaged in a self-directed iterative approach while external help resulted in an assisted iterative approach. Rigid and contrived linear approaches were a result of time constraints, substantive and procedural shortcomings. Scattergun and blanking divergent approaches emerged from extreme weaknesses in substantive and procedural knowledge. Assessing practical skills through long-term projects is recommended to focus more on developing students’ scientific reasoning and process skills. Research with the ASEQ in other teaching-learning cultures, observing students in action and analysing their write-ups could provide deeper insights into approaches to science experiments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">523-535</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saša A. Horvat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamara N. Rončević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dragana Z. Arsenović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dušica D. Rodić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirjana D. Segedinac</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VALIDATION OF THE PROCEDURE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PROBLEM TASKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive complexity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1581269646.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main problem in students' lower achievement lies in the cognitive complexity of the problem. The aim of this research was to create and validate the procedure for the assessment of the cognitive complexity of chemical technology problem tasks. The procedure included the creation of Tables for assessing the difficulty of concepts in chemical technology problems and their interactivity, assessment of the numerical rating of cognitive complexity of the analyzed tasks, and conducting of research. Research included 50 students. Data were collected with the test of knowledge which was used for the assessment of students´ achievements and invested mental effort. The validity of this procedure was confirmed by a series of correlation analyses where statistically significant values of correlation coefficients were obtained among the examined variables: students’ achievements, invested mental effort and cognitive complexity. The largest contribution of this procedure is that it is designed to show an objective value of the cognitive complexity of tasks in the domain of chemical technology. Good estimation of the numerical values of cognitive complexity can help teachers to better predict students' achievement, and at the same time to take care to avoid cognitive load.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64-75</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Demkanin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE WAYS THE THEORY OF PHYSICS EDUCATION CAN EVOLVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606572136.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theory of physics education, as well as our Journal of Baltic Science Education, made a significant step over the last 20 years. Twenty years ago, formal physics education had a one-and-a-half century of development; JBSE was just an idea to be turned into the 1st issue in 2002. In this article, I would like to mention some of the great steps physics education made in the last decades and some open questions for the nearest future. I would like to apologize to the readers from the field of biology, chemistry or primary science education - unlike in my previous articles in this Journal (Demkanin, 2013; Demkanin, 2018), here I focus on physics education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">860-863</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHO IS AND SHOULD BE A SCIENCE TEACHER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">personal development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching qualification</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1597214072.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Who is and should be a Science teacher like? This seemingly multiple-time answered ques-tion, however, has not been clearly answered yet; moreover, in this case, a multi-alternative an-swer is required. 
Ideas of an optimal characteristic of Science teacher should be defined in context of their main activity. Two alternatives are under the focus; the apparent discrepancy which has been solved in some legal documents, and the state which is frequently not unambiguous in practice. 
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">520-522</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yakup Saban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bülent Aydoğdu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rıdvan Elmas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACHIEVEMENT AND GENDER EFFECTS ON 5TH GRADER'S ACQUISITION OF SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS IN A SOCIOECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED NEIGHBORHOOD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender in science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564686680.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science process skills (SPSs) play a significant role in science education. This research aimed to determine the acquisition level of 5th-grade students in SPSs with classroom activities. The research was a case study, and the data were collected by focus group interviews, document analysis, and observations. The sample of the research was six students from the fifth grade selected based on maximum variation sampling. Science process skills focused worksheets, focus group interview schedule, and observation forms were used as data collection tools. As a result, it was found out that the students were at the average or above the average level in observing, predicting, measuring, comparing and classifying skills; and they were at below the average level in inferring, organizing data, identifying and using experimental materials, processing data and formulating models, controlling variables, experimenting, interpreting and inferring. Also, it was determined that students with high academic achievement have more acquisition in SPSs. Besides, it was found out that the development of SPSs is gender neutral, it depends on the number of activities that are made in the classroom and what is the role of the students in these activities. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">607-619</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADOPTING IDEAS FROM CURRENT NORDIC TEACHER EDUCATION STRATEGIES TO INITIAL SCIENCE TEACHER EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-secondary programme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564685609.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A key goal of initial teacher education in all countries is to educate quality teachers through a quality post-secondary programme and then support them in their careers through professional learning. However, there are different definitions and interpretations of a quality teacher or a quality teacher education programme. Several terms are used to describe a quality teacher, such as professional, effective, competent, expert, or ideal (Stronge &amp; Hindman, 2003; Goel, Bell, &amp; Little, 2008). Furthermore, the definition of a quality teacher changes continuously and follows the current trends of society and working life. Consequently, national-level teacher education strategies and teacher education programmes are continuously improved. In the Nordic region, all countries have been developing initial teacher education at the national and institutional levels over the last five years. In this editorial, I will briefly analyse the aims of new Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish national-level teacher education strategies. Then I will briefly discuss how we can improve science teacher education according to the new strategies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">488-489</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katja Gobec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelka Strgar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGRICULTURAL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND THE CONTEXTUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE IT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agricultural education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contextual factors in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge of photosynthesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082600.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to assess the knowledge of photosynthesis among students in agricultural education and understand the influence of the contextual factors on it. In photosynthesis, biomass is produced, so understanding these processes is essential for successful agriculture. The research sample consisted of 330 students in agricultural education in Slovenia. Data were collected with a knowledge test and a contextual questionnaire. Better knowledge of photosynthesis was positively related with higher awareness of the importance of biology as a science and of photosynthesis. There was no significant relation between the knowledge of photosynthesis and positive attitudes toward biology lessons. The average achievement on the knowledge test of photosynthesis was 56%: the highest on the item about energy and the lowest on the item about the primary purpose of photosynthesis. Between these two achievements was the knowledge of reactants and products in photosynthesis, and the knowledge concerning chlorophyll. Considering these results, improvements should be made in teaching. For this population, more experimental and less theory-based lessons were suggested. The findings could benefit biology and science teachers in agricultural education and help improve national curriculum for biology in agricultural programmes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-18</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamara N. Rončević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Željka Đ. Ćuk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dušica D. Rodić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirjana D. Segedinac</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saša A. Horvat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN ANALYSIS OF THE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ABILITIES TO READ REALISTIC, CONVENTIONAL, AND HYBRID IMAGES IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">image types</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading images</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">textbook images</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual representations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226371.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research considered students’ abilities to read images about dispersed systems, taken from the chemistry textbook. 103 high school students (37 males, 63 females, and 3 unknown) from the school “Svetozar Marković“ in Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia, were included as the research participants. Students’ abilities to suggest the titles of the realistic, conventional, and hybrid textbook images about dispersed systems, as well as their written interpretations of images contents, were examined. The collected data were analysed qualitatively, and information about students’ conceptual understandings and misunderstandings about selected chemistry topic was provided. Identified misunderstandings, some of which are the contribution of this research, gave significant results. Additionally, it was concluded that the majority of students’ difficulties were related to reading realistic textbook images. Students relied on what they literally saw in the photography without making proper connections with chemical contents about dispersed systems. The findings of the present research could be helpful for science teachers and educators, interested in how and why students use textbook images to learn science concepts. They will also alert authors and textbook illustrators to pay more attention to the selection of appropriate textbook images.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">943-954</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jianqiang Ye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dimei Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lingxin Kong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE WOS LITERATURE ON RESEARCH OF SCIENCE TEACHER FROM 2000 TO 2017</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometric analyses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Web of Science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571128120.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to explore the development of research of science teacher(RST), 904 articles from the Web of Science (WoS) core set based on bibliometric methods through R software were analyzed in this research. Specifically, it examined the co-occurrence relations of countries/regions, major journals, most cited references, and hot keywords from the macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic level of RST. The results showed that the core strength of RST is mainly from traditional industrialized countries such as the United States, Australia, and Britain. And some top journals in science education (such as Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Science Education) has to  pay more attention on RST, it may also appeal to lots of top journals in general teacher education (such as Journal of Teacher Education, Teaching and Teaher Education). The research on science teachers was guided by several educational theories about teacher research, such as the teacher epistemological belief, reflective practice, and PCK. Moreover, theories in science education such as scientific literacy, scientific conceptual change also becomes the theoretical basis for science teachers’ teaching practice and scientific inquiry instructing. The knowledge, key competences, dispositions, and professional development of science teacher are the main keywords and hot topics in the field of RST.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">732-747</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tingxuan Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kari L. Clase</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weiling Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Traynor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A BIOENERGY COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT TOOL: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competency assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">item response theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K-12 education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">validity evidence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359811.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research is motivated by the perspective that when empirical studies and assessment frameworks inform each other, assessments can enrich science education and strengthen its connections to modern science. The research proposes a bioenergy competency assessment for science education. It uses an argument-based approach to validation. Multiple types of validity evidence were collected to support the proposed scores use and scores interpretation. Along with reporting a series of psychometric properties of response data, the findings indicated that empirical response data corresponded to the hypothesized data structure. The latent logistic scale estabished through a generalized partial credit model (GPCM) seemed useful in measuring students’ bioenergy competency.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">264-275</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo   Bussotti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CALCULATIONS OF AREAS AND VOLUMES USING THE METHOD OF ARCHIMEDES: SOME DIDACTIC CONSIDERATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science history</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576224811.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An interdisciplinary approach to education is nowadays considered an important aspect to improve the critical skills of the learners so that they can guess how several aspects of the human knowledge are interconnected. A key aspect of interdisciplinary education is represented by the use of the history of a certain subject within the teaching of the subject itself. This is particularly conspicuous in science education. For, the appropriate and not superficial introduction of historical elements within science education allows the pupils to discover the human aspects of science, the problems behind the creation and development of many concepts, which are often presented only in a formal manner. As a matter of fact, after having grasped that some problems are difficult and after having understood and appreciated the efforts that in the course of history the scientists have carried out to solve such problems, the learners will accept the necessity of a formalization and will not consider such a formalization as a sort of abstract doctrine imposed by the teachers for unspecified reasons. Furthermore, history of science has profound relations with history, mathematics, science, philosophy, physique and technique, so that it is a typical interdisciplinary subject which can be exploited in an educative context.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">812-815</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo   Bussotti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONCEPT OF FORM IN GEOMETRY: SOME CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Euclidean geometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Euclidean propositions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359213.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The concept of form is one of the most intuitive within our experience. When we say that two objects of different dimensions have or do not have the same form there is not properly a reflexion behind this claim. Rather, it is, at all appearances, based on our visual faculties, which is perfectly in order in the context of our daily life. This intuitive and visual notion of form is suitable to the necessities of our practical, or also esthetical, experience. However, on second thought, things are not so easy: suppose that I look at an object and I find that it is circular. I claim, hence, that it is a circle and my statement is correct. Another person looks at this object from another point of view and sees that this object is an ellipsis or a hyperbola or a parabola. He is not wrong. This person is not the prey of a dream or of a hallucination. He is observing the world from another point of view, or as usually told in mathematics and physics, from another reference frame. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">152-157</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Constantina G. Stefanidou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantina D. Tsalapati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anastasia M. Ferentinou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Constantine D. Skordoulis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPTUAL DIFFICULTIES PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY TEACHERS HAVE WITH STATIC ELECTRICITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual difficulties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">static electricity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554360030.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Static electricity is the introductory chapter to electricity in all high school and university Physics textbooks. The interpretations of static electricity phenomena are not obvious, even in higher education. This research was conducted to identify the major difficulties which pre-service primary teachers encounter in explaining static electricity. They conducted electrostatic experiments focused on different types of electricity, in the context of an Introductory Physics Laboratory Course.  The data were collected through the reports they wrote at the end of the course. The qualitative content analysis method was used in order to analyze the data. The sample, which was a convenient one, consisted of 200 pre-service primary teachers, 170 females and 30 males. The analysis showed that pre-service primary teachers have considerable difficulty conceptualizing the microscopic processes – more specifically, charging by induction – that explain these phenomena. The different roles electrons play in conductors and insulators seemed to pose difficulties for pre-service primary teachers. The findings implied an emphasis on microscopic models during macroscopic experimental processes. This could help pre-service primary teachers to understand the role of electrons in conductors and insulators and the different mechanisms involved in different types of charging.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300-313</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359065.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559371746.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">319</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571123781.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">651</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082420.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 18, No. 1, JBSE, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564685181.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">487</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576224730.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 18, No. 6, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">811</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dragica D. Trivic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milanka Džinović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vesna D. Milanovic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ljiljana Živković</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COOPERATION OF THE PRE-SERVICE CHEMISTRY AND GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS ON AN INTERDISCIPLINARY LESSON PLANNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cooperative planning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary lesson</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service chemistry teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service geography teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relevant science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564686761.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to examine the effects of a new platform for raising the pre-service chemistry and geography teachers’ awareness of cooperation possibilities associated with the planning relevant interdisciplinary lesson. The research featured the participation of 16 students of the Faculty of Chemistry and 28 students of the Faculty of Geography of Belgrade University. Two workshops were conducted within the research. During the first workshop the participants worked in small groups on the tasks which served to strengthen their awareness on the relevant science education. The second workshop comprised the jointly planning the interdisciplinary lessons in groups with members of the pre-service teachers of both subjects. The participants’ lesson plans contain goals that can be classified as those relevant for the individual and those relevant for society. Half of the lesson plans contained formulations of goals that can be assessed as relevant for certain professions. The activities planned for the attainment of the stated goals support an interdisciplinary approach, encompass the concepts envisaged by the chemistry and geography curricula, and the activities specific to these two subjects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">620-633</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Genç</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Akilli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CORRELATION BETWEEN RENEWABLE ENERGY KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL WITH FUTURE’S EDUCATORS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude towards renewable energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preservice Science Teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">renewable energy knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural equation modelling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/219</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576225982.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is important to create positive attitudes and enough knowledge for preservice science teachers about renewable energy for future. The aim of this research was to show the correlation between renewable energy knowledge and sub-dimensions of attitude towards renewable energy with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The research was conducted by the analysis of 1145 pre-service teachers’ answers to questionnaires data using SEM. Two questionnaires used for data collection which first was renewable energy knowledge scale that Cronbach’s alpha was .82 and the second was renewable energy attitude scale that Cronbach’s alpha was .87.  Initially, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett’s tests were done with SPSS to test appropriateness of subdimensions to factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was done for the subdimensions that were seen to be suitable for factor analysis and then structural model was tested with LISREL. At the end of the SEM test, it was found that there are positive relations between renewable energy knowledge of preservice teachers and their attitudes towards renewable energy. The more knowledge and attitudes about renewable energy can be improved, the more positive attitudes and behaviors will be provided to individuals and the efficient use of renewable energy types will be realized.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">866-879</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571123747.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2019
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">650-651</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082383.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564685112.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">485-486</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576224686.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 6, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">809</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559371690.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">317-318</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JBSE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359026.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149-150</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bevo Wahono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SURVEY INSTRUMENT (AKA) TOWARDS ATTITUDE, KNOWLEDGE AND APPLICATION OF STEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">survey instrument</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082883.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The development and deployment of STEM education in every continent and country are different. An instrument to access the current situation of the application, knowledge, as well as attitude towards STEM education, is necessary. This research aimed to design and develop a valid instrument that can be used to assure the quantitative degree of attitude, knowledge, and application of STEM (AKA) by science teachers. Research data were collected from 137 Indonesian secondary school science teachers. In order to determine the validity of the scale, reliability test, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), as well as the content and face validity from experts were used. Results showed that the designed and developed AKA instrument was adequate to reliabilities and validities as well as can be used to collect data. The development of AKA instrument enables users worldwide to obtain information about the development of STEM as well as the problems and challenges faced by science teachers in the field. Further work is also suggested.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63-76</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Gavora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adriana Wiegerová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE PRESCHOOL TEACHERS´ BELIEFS IN INQUIRY-BASED ACTIVITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instrument development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teacher beliefs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564686270.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional beliefs is an important factor that influences activities that preschool teachers organize and manage in the classroom. In order to determine how strong these beliefs are, valid and reliable instruments must be at disposal. This research aimed to develop and validate DPBA, an instrument designed to measure teachers´ beliefs toward the use of inquiry-based activities in preschool classes. A sample of 1,004 Czech preschool teachers was used to obtain the validation data. From the initial set of 40 items, a final version of DPBA with 22 items was created in a series of analyses. Principal component and maximum likelihood methods with Varimax rotation were used to extract an appropriate scale structure. DPBA is composed of three subscales, Benefits (12 items), Teacher competence (6 items) and Concerns (4 items), which have reliabilities of .906; .847 and .729, respectively. The overall reliability of the instrument is .883. Consistently high reliability coefficients were obtained in subsamples of respondents of varied years of practice and education, thus verifying a solid internal consistency of the instrument. Confirmatory factor analysis proved a theoretical model with the three subscales with adequate model fit indices. Overall, DPBA possesses sound psychometric properties when used with Czech preschool teachers. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">558-568</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helin Semilarski</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Laius</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF ESTONIAN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND COMPETENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competences development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empirical research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226435.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main aim of this research was to measure 10th and 12th grade students’ biological conceptual understanding and competences through their upper secondary school studies. Data collection started at the beginning of the upper secondary school biology studies in the 10th grade. The same students participated in this research when they were in the 12th grade. A validated instrument of covering four competences: biological conceptual understanding, problem-solving, critical thinking and divergent thinking was used. Overall, this research was meant to evaluate students’ conceptual understanding and cognitive skills (problem-solving, critical thinking, divergent thinking) through the socio-scientific issue of lactose intolerance. The sample of students was formed from 42 representatively chosen Estonian schools of grade 10 (N=967) and grade 12 (N=802). The development conceptual understanding and competences of students' during three upper secondary school years of biology studies were discussed. The main results showed that during three years of schooling the students exhibited a statistically significant increase in the tasks, that measured students’ biological understanding and cognitive skills. The results showed that the students achieved lower scores in tasks that measured their decision-making and socio-scientific reasoning skills.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">955-970</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branko Andjić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanko Cvijetićanin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simon Hayhoe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rade Grujičić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Danijela Stešević</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DICHOTOMOUS KEYS IN THE BOTANICAL LEARNING OF NON-VISUAL (BLIND) PEOPLE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">botanical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dichotomous keys</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-visual people</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plants identification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi-experimental design</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571126876.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recently, the research about innovative approaches in the education of blind (non-visual- NV) students has intensified; however the use  of dichotomous keys (DK) in their botanical education has not yet been examined. This research explored the contribution of two self-generated dichotomous keys (DK) for plant identification (a digital version- DDK and a printed version- DPK), to the botanical education of NV students. The research included 100 students, with an average age of 24, divided into 2 groups. Group E1 determined the plants using the DDK while in Group E2 plants were identified using the DPK. The DDK contributed more than the DPK in helping the NV participants to acquire the quality and durability knowledge they need to identify different plant groups (woody, bushy and herbaceous plants). The NV has the greatest success in the identification of woody plants, and the least success in the identification of herbaceous plants. The members of both groups (E1, E2) had possitive opinion about the contribution of the applicable dichotomous key to their knowledge, the activities in it. Due to this fact, both versions of DKs are recommended as new assistive tools in the botanical education of NV students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">668-680</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali Ihsan Benzer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bunyamin Yildiz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF COMPUTER-AIDED 3D MODELING ACTIVITIES ON PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ SPATIAL ABILITIES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS 3D MODELING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3D modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3D modeling attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3D modeling education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial ability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372061.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The computer-aided 3D modelling which is one of the innovative technologies can offer great opportunities to improve students' skills. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of computer-aided 3D modeling activities on pre-service teachers’ spatial abilities and attitudes towards 3D modeling and the relevant course. The study group of the research was composed of 55 pre-service IT teachers at a state university in Turkey. The research was carried out in quasi-experimental design based on pre-post test model. The experimental research was carried out with the experimental group for 14 weeks. During the 3D modeling learning/teaching process, a five-stage education framework based on problem-based and project-based learning approaches was used. &quot;Purdue Visualization of Rotations Test&quot; and &quot;Attitude Scale towards 3D Modeling and 3D Modeling Course&quot; were used as data collection tools in the research. As a result, it was found out that computer-aided 3D modeling activities improved the spatial abilities of pre-service teachers also increased their attitudes towards 3D modeling and the course. It was concluded that the education of computer-aided three-dimensional modeling offers important opportunities to improve spatial abilities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">335-348</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Aliman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budijanto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sumarmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I Komang Astina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rozana Eka Putri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Arif</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF EARTHCOMM LEARNING MODEL AND SPATIAL THINKING ABILITY ON GEOGRAPHY LEARNING OUTCOMES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Earthcomm learning model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geography learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geography learning outcome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quasi experimental</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial thinking ability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559371993.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geography learning is meaningless if it is not followed by the development of students' spatial thinking ability. Research aimed to 1) determine the effect of earthcomm learning and conventional learning on geography learning outcomes, 2) find out the effect of spatial thinking ability on geography learning outcomes, 3) find out the interaction between the application of earthcomm learning and spatial thinking ability on geography learning outcomes.  Research used a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design. The research sample was taken from three high schools in Malang City, Indonesia. Geography learning outcomes data were obtained from paper-based test and spatial thinking ability data obtained from spatial thinking test instruments. Data were analyzed using Two Way ANOVA test using SPSS devices. The results of the research, 1) there is an effect of the application of learning to students’ geography learning outcomes, 2) there is an influence of the ability of spatial thinking on geography learning outcomes, 3) there is no interaction between the application of learning and spatial thinking on geography learning outcomes. Efforts to improve learning outcomes and spatial thinking ability are needed by students to face the challenges of global competition. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">323-334</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fayadh Hamed Alanazi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF IPAD USE ON SAUDI CHILDREN’S CLASSIFICATION OF AND JUSTIFICATIONS REGARDING LIVING THINGS: A SOCIO-CULTURAL LEARNING PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biological justifications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iPad</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">living things</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-cultural perspective</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564685709.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This semi-empirical research utilises a structured interview interview approach to explore  Saudi children’s ideas about living things and to examine the effects of iPad use based on a socio-cultural perspective involving group work and discussion. The sample comprised 40 grade 1 children; 20 were empirically taught using iPads according to a socio-cultural perspective, and 20 were taught in the traditional teaching style. The structured interview approach in which children classified 21 cards (7 animals, 7 plants, and 7 artefacts) as living or nonliving things. The results indicated that children had varied misconceptions regarding the classification of and justifications about living things, especially regarding plants. The use of iPads according to a socio-cultural perspective had a positive effect on children’s knowledge development. Children in the iPad group performed better in categorising different types of animals and plants and in justifying their views. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">490-506</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Rusek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlastimil Chytrý</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linda Honskusová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF LOWER-SECONDARY CHEMISTRY EDUCATION: STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING TO THE NATURE OF CHEMISTRY AND THEIR ATTITUDES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education effectiveness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interest in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359947.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research follows the previous study examining the effect of chemistry education on students’ perception and understanding to the nature of chemistry (NoC) as well as their attitudes towards it as a school subject. Grade 9 students (N = 282) at the end of their compulsory schooling were given a set of open-ended questions focused on their understanding to NoC, perception of chemistry topics’ importance, topics the students found interesting and their evaluation of chemistry as a school subject. The answers were analysed using the open coding approach. It is possible to conclude most of the students do not have a clear idea about the nature of chemistry. Students assess chemistry as a school subject in the middle of the 5 point Likert scale. The results of this research offer the background for a more complex analysis of effects influencing students’s conception of chemistry and its subject matter.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">286-299</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mert Büyükdede</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabia Tanel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF THE STEM ACTIVITIES RELATED TO WORK-ENERGY TOPICS ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS' OPINIONS ON STEM ACTIVITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prospective teachers’ opinions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">work-energy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564685800.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this research, the effects of STEM (Science-Technology-Mathematics-Engineering) activities on academic achievement of prospective teachers were researched, their opinions on STEM activities were sought.  The research was based on a semi-experimental model with pre-test and post-test control group. During the application phase, the topic of Work-Energy subject was taught through STEM based 5E model in the experimental group, while in the control group, the lessons were conducted using traditional teacher centred teaching. The research group is comprised of second-year students in Elementary Mathematics Education taking Physics I course at the Dokuz Eylul University in Turkey. A statistically significant difference was found in favour of the experimental group in terms of prospective teachers’ academic achievement. In addition, the positive opinions of the prospective teachers from the experimental group on STEM activities were that STEM activities included encouraging group work, assisting students to produce original work, enabling them to do research, and ensuring that the information learned is permanent. The negative opinions of them on STEM activities were insufficient time for the application, the dominance of some students during the group work, and difficulties with noise levels in class.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">507-518</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esma Buluş Kirikkaya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melek Şentürk Başgül</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS ON THE ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND MOTIVATION OF 7TH GRADE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7th grade students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Academic Success</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">augmented reality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solar system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solomon four-group model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372194.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to examine the effects of the Augmented Reality (AR)-supported teaching activities on the academic success, motivation of students towards science learning and attitudes of students towards AR application, in the scope of the seventh grade science course, &quot;Solar System and Beyond&quot; unit. For this purpose, &quot;Solomon Four Group Model&quot;, which controls the internal and external validity, was used. Research was conducted with 120 students in two different schools and involved two experimental and two control groups established by random method. Experimental (1) and Control (1) groups received data collection tools as pre-test and post-test, while Experimental (2) and Control (2) groups received only post-test. During the six-week research, the students were taught in the experimental groups using the 'Star-Tracker, Spacecraft, iSolarsystem, Space-4D' mobile AR applications, while the control groups were taught with the activities envisaged in the curriculum. &quot;Solar System and Beyond Success Test&quot; and the &quot;Students' Motivation to Science Learning&quot; scale, were used as data collection tools. Findings from the research showed that teaching with AR applications significantly alters the success of students and motivation towards science learning. This showed that teaching with AR applications is effective. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">362-378</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chung-Ho Su</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF USERS’ BEHAVIORAL INTENTION ON GAMIFICATION AUGMENTED REALITY IN STEM (GAR-STEM) EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">augmented reality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gamification apps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">importance-performance matrix analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372609.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As people attach increasing importance to the learning environment and design of teaching materials in STEM, how to design teaching materials that enable students to seamlessly integrate the learning of scientific investigation, engineering design, mathematical reasoning, and technical skills has become increasingly important. The purpose of this research was to explore the behavioral intention of GAR-STEM teaching application users. The results showed that the best predictor of practicability, entertainment, and media interactivity for intention towards GAR-STEM app design was usage attitude (R2= 0.547), followed by intent to use (R2 = 0.528), practicability (R2 = 0.408), and entertainment (R2 = 0.186). The proposed model explained 52.8% of the variance in behavioral intention. The overall findings suggested that usage attitude and intent to use may augment its function as a key factor for the procedural intention toward GAR-STEM app design.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">450-465</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katja Gobec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelka Strgar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CONCEPTUAL CHANGE METHOD ON UNDERSTANDING PLANT MASS INCREASE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agricultural education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant mass</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564686398.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to assess the influence of the method of conceptual change on understanding the concept of increasing the mass of plants among 414 students in agricultural education in Slovenia. In photosynthesis, biomass is produced, so understanding these processes is essential for successful agriculture. Data were collected using a knowledge test and a questionnaire that were administered before and after the traditional and experimental teaching units. The results allowed the conclusion that the method of the conceptual change (experimental teaching unit) was significantly more effective than the traditional method in improving the understanding of the contribution of solar energy and carbon dioxide to the increase in the mass of plants. There was no significant difference in the improvement of knowledge about the contribution of the minerals that plants receive through their roots. Understanding the contribution of water to the increase of the mass should be tested further because of the unexpected misconception that influenced the results that was found among students. Students’ attitudes toward biology and photosynthesis were significantly better after the experimental teaching unit. Considering these findings, other topics should be prepared using the method of the conceptual change to assist biology and science teachers in agricultural education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">569-582</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dek Ngurah Laba Laksana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I Wayan Dasna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I Nyoman Sudana Degeng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING AND LEARNING STYLES ON PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN MULTIMEDIA LEARNING ENVIRONMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning style</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimedia learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082814.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to identify the effects of inquiry-based learning on the conceptual understanding of students with various learning styles in the multimedia learning environment. This research was factorial experiment with the quasi-experimental design. There were total of 157 primary school students in Bali, Indonesia being involved as the subjects of the study.  There were two instruments used in this research. The first instrument was a questionnaire adapted from Index of Learning Style (ILS) developed by Felder and Soloman for measuring the verbal-visual learning styles. The second instrument was the conceptual understanding test for measuring students’ conceptual understanding in the form of multiple-choice test. The research discovered three findings as follows: (1) there is a significant difference in terms of conceptual understanding between students who are taught by inquiry-based learning and direct instruction strategy, (2) there is a significant difference in terms of students conceptual understanding between visual and verbal students, (3) there is a significant interaction between different learning strategies (inquiry based learning and direct instruction strategy) and students’ learning styles (visual verbal) toward students conceptual understanding. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-62</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Billy A. Danday</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheryl Lyn C. Monterola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF MICROTEACHING MULTIPLE-REPRESENTATION PHYSICS LESSON STUDY ON PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ CRITICAL THINKING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lesson study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571127016.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A research on the effects of the microteaching Multiple-Representation Lesson Study (MRLS) on pre-service Physics teachers’ critical thinking was conducted using a pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental design. Eighteen fourth year Bachelor of Secondary Education-Physical Science majors participated in the research. The experimental group employed the microteaching MRLS while the control group implemented the Traditional Instructional Planning Approach (TIPA). Data were gathered from multiple sources such as researcher-made written tests, interviews, diaries, and field notes. The Mann-Whitney U test was utilized to ascertain statistical difference between the experimental and the control group. Results revealed significant differences in the scores between the two groups in the overall critical thinking and on its sub-domains. Findings indicate beneficial effects of the microteaching MRLS in developing pre-service teachers’ critical thinking. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">692-707</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372717.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 18, No. 3, JBSE, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">481-484</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554360073.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 18, No. 2, JBSE, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">314-316</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571128405.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">808</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226571.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 18, No. 6, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">988</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550083219.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">147-148</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564687060.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2019</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">646-648</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shyang-Chyuan Fang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE PERCEIVED BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ON VEGETARIAN BEHAVIORAL INTENTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">healthy risk perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetarian diet</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359608.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">With the rapid rise of global temperatures and the negative effects of greenhouse gases, the destruction of natural resources and unlimited development is rapidly endangering the earth. The inefficient use of meat-based agriculture has contributed to contemporary concerns about environmental degradation and global food inequality. Therefore, the research attempted to establish a theoretical model to predict and explain the effects of health risks on vegetarian behavioral intention under climate change. The research investigated the vegetarian behavioral intention of university students derived from environmental perception, environmental attitude, and health risk perception. The research involved six universities in Taiwan, with a total of about 25,000 university students. A total of 1050 replies was received from the questionnaires, were carefully revised and all items were confirmed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and Smart PLS data analysis were used to find the applicability of the survey data and the research model. The results showed that personality traits, health risk perception, and environmental value positively influence vegetarian behavioral intention. The model facilitated the evaluation of the variables related to environmental responsibility and behavior and could serve as a reference for policy decision-makers and teaching staff in terms of sustainable education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">227-238</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanda Janštová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATION, VALIDATION AND MODIFICATION OF SCIENCE MOTIVATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology motivation questionnaire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">questionnaire modification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571128182.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motivation to learn a school subject is crucial for achieving knowledge and skills and, consequently, for good academic performance in the subject. There are several approved questionnaires dedicated to assessing motivation for science and biology but none for upper secondary school Czech students. Therefore, existing Science Motivation Questionnaire was evaluated, validated and modified in order to create a Czech version of a Biology motivation questionnaire (BMQ). The original version of the questionnaire had 30 questions, arranged in the following subscales: Internal Motivation, External Motivation, Personal Relevance, Responsibility, Self-efficacy and Anxiety. Validation was based on a survey of 517 upper secondary school Czech students. Analysis of the questionnaires revealed that, although the questionnaire could be used as a whole with satisfactory Cronbach alpha values, the underlying constructs in the Czech version were different from the six ones originally suggested. Based on Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling, 14 questions retained in three constructs: a) Self–efficacy, b) Responsibility and c) Motivation as a combination of Internal Motivation, External Motivation and Personal Relevance. This shorter version of the BMQ showed satisfactory Goodness of Fit Indices in contrast to the original 30-item version.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">748-767</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Mutlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oğuzhan Nacaroğlu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINATION OF PERCEPTIONS OF GIFTED STUDENTS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">draw-write-tell technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gifted students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">global warming</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571128300.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to examine the perceptions of gifted students about climate change and global warming from socio-scientific topics. Phenomenology design, which is a qualitative research design, was used in the research. The sample group consisted of 53 gifted students studying in a Science and Art Center located in Anatolia in the 2018-2019 academic year. As data collection tool, the draw-write-tell technique was used. The drawings of the students were grouped into four categories as causes of climate change and global warming, their results, recommendations and unacceptable drawings; whereas, the compositions of the students and the focus group interviews were collected under three categories including causes, results and recommendations as a result of content analysis. The research results suggested that while the perception levels of gifted students about the causes and possible results of climate change and global warming were high, their perception level about the solution of these problems was quite low. In addition, it was determined that students had misconceptions about climate change and global warming. Besides, the research results showed that the draw-write-tell technique was a useful tool in determining the students’ perception about socio-scientific subjects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">780-792</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin Su Jeong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David González-Gómez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. Carmen Conde-Núñez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINATION OF STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT WITH R-SPQ-2F OF LEARNING APPROACH IN FLIPPED SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engagement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flipped-classroom</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R-SPQ-2F</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">study approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226058.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The students’ engagement was deemed significant to research due to the changing study structures from course-based to student-centered and competence-based in sustainable science higher education. Still, its change and coping strategies is considered as somewhat unfamiliar learning environment. Research examined students’ engagement to the learning approach of a flipped-classroom model for sustainable science course with the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F). It assesses research proposals, which students are utilizing to learning, and engagement and individual abilities as well. The research was conducted with the students enrolled in the “Atmospheric Pollution” course of the Environmental Science undergraduate program (n=64). The results obtained through the R-SPQ-2F showed the students’ number reaching higher “deep approach” in their learning increased at the course end, while it can be observed that the students’ number marking “surface approach” below the mean value was slightly lower (pre- and post-test comparison). It can be concluded that students are employing more engagement in their works and enhancing their personal skills as well with the teaching methodology. Results obviously specified that the study structure change was a phase into correct emphasis to improve students’ engagement in the flipped sustainable science education. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">880-891</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bo Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bing Wei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuhua Mai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR INTERACTION WITH CURRICULUM MATERIALS: A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">survey research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359479.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On the basis of the model of the interactive relationship between teachers and curriculum materials, this research proposed the four dimensions of the interaction of chemistry teachers with curriculum materials: ‘routine use’, ‘scientific inquiry’, ‘STSE’ and ‘teacher learning’. An instrument with good validity and reliability was developed. Through a questionnaire survey of 208 junior high school chemistry teachers in three areas in Guangzhou, China, it was found that teachers thought they had a good interaction with curriculum materials, but the level of interaction is not very high. Teachers from different administrative areas were significantly different in the dimensions of ‘STSE’ and ‘teacher learning’; teachers with different years of teaching experience showed significant differences in the dimensions of ‘routine use’, ‘scientific inquiry’ and ‘STSE’. There was no interaction effect between the two variables of the areas and years of teaching. Designing educative curriculum materials and developing teacher training activities in terms of curriculum use are recommended to further improve teachers’ ability to use curriculum materials.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">197-208</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Fančovičová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE HUMAN BODY: CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE METHODS OF DRAWING AND OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">circulatory system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human body</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human heart</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ ideas</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564686168.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students of various age groups manifest numerous explanations that differ from what is known to be scientifically correct. Misconceptions about the human body are one of the best studied areas of students’ understanding of scientific phenomena. To explore misconceptions, researchers have at their disposal various methods which can lead to different results. In order to find an effective, cheap and representative diagnostic instrument, correlations between scores obtained by open-ended questions and drawings on the example of the human circulatory system were examined. Open-ended questions provide a more complete understanding of student learning but are harder to evaluate objectively in comparison with drawings, particularly in cross-cultural research. Correlations among scores obtained by these two methods in the present research were moderate, which suggests that drawings reflect students’ understanding of the circulatory system, albeit not perfectly. Although drawings probably never provide a complete understanding of children’s ideas about science, this cheap and time effective method is recommended particularly in cross-cultural research, where standard, comparable conditions are hard to achieve. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">549-557</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elizabeth Darko Agyei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thuthukile Jita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loyiso C. Jita</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SIMULATION-BASED LESSONS IN IMPROVING THE TEACHING OF HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS: GHANAIAN PRE SERVICE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high school physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interactive teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulation-based lessons</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576224886.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teacher-dominated approach is still the most adopted teaching strategy in Ghanaian high schools despite the Government of Ghana’s initiatives to support technology-oriented, learner-centred and interactive teaching practices. This study examined the effectiveness of simulation-based lessons in improving the teaching of high school physics by adapting the five dimensions for meaningful learning with information and communication technology model by Howland, Jonassen and Marra (2012) as a theoretical lens. Using an explanatory case study design, eight pre-service physics teachers from the University of Cape Coast, Ghana were engaged to develop and design simulation-based physics lessons in design teams and enact these lessons among themselves in microteaching sessions. Results showed that the simulation-based lessons were effective in that the pre-service teachers’ teaching practices improved to be learner-centred and interactive. The results also suggested that although a combination of all the dimensions of meaningful learning was key to the effectiveness observed with each of the simulation-based lessons, the Cooperative dimension was found to possess a unique potential for sustaining the other dimensions in order to facilitate improvements in the teaching of physics with simulations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">816-832</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Na Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hui Zeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Rui Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lu-Chang Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hua Xiao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING CHANGES IN PRIMARY STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) ACROSS GENDERS AND GRADE LEVELS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grade levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">project-based integrated STEM program</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372673.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary education is an essential stage and has an important impact on students’ learning attitudes throughout the coming school years. The research explored the attitudes towards science, technology, engineering and mathematics among students through all grade levels in primary school. The Project-based Integrated STEM Program was proposed to study the changes of  primary students’ attitudes towards STEM. An assessment of S-STEM which consists of the STEM subscale and the 21st century skills subscale was utilized for both  pre-test and post-test. The results showed that primary students exhibited little different attitudes on the S-STEM in the pre-test, regardless of gender and grade level. As evident from the comparison between the pre-test and post-test, the Project-based Integrated STEM Program had a positive effect on student attitudes towards STEM. It is encouraging if there are more STEM-related programs implemented at all educational stages covering the primary level.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">466-480</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David A. Cerulli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack B. Holbrook</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF NOS/NOT LEARNING AND DISPOSITIONS ON UNDERTAKING BEHAVIOURAL ACTIONS IN THE CASE OF NATURAL HAZARDS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">behavioural action</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dispositions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Disaster Reduction (NDR)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Hazards (NH)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science (NoS)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature of Technology (NOT)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564685898.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research seeks to evaluate students’ intended behavioural actions in the event of a natural hazard, specifically hurricane, lightning, earthquake, or tsunami. A test instrument, measuring behavioural actions in the event of a natural hazard, and related NOS/NOT beliefs and dispositions, is utilized to collect data in Estonia, USA and Japan (N=2323). Results suggest that students responded adequately to tsunamis and lightning strikes, but to a lesser extent for hurricanes and earthquakes. Results also suggest a connection between dispositions and behavioural actions, but a lack of connection between generalised. NOS/NOT conceptualisations and behavioural actions. Results imply that students find it difficult to apply their learning to new situations requiring responsible behavioural actions. Implications indicate that NOS/NOT are not well understood, while responsible behavioural actions need to more heavily stressed in teaching about natural hazards involving the promotion of student values and attitudes with respect to Natural Disaster Reduction (NDR).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">519-536</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rita Birzina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagnija Cedere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liva Petersone</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FIRST YEAR STUDENTS’ ADAPTATION TO NATURAL SCIENCE STUDIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adaptation to studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">first year natural science students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">institutional</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">personal and academic factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transferable skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372124.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The mass-approach in higher education promotes the broadening of students’ number and diversity therefore the question about the young people’s readiness to adapt to studies becomes more and more topical. Students who enrol in the natural science faculties of the University of Latvia (UL) are motivated and have high assessment in biology and chemistry as school subjects. However, the studies already during the 1st term prove that students encounter problems to get adjusted to the study process. In order to find out the key factors that determine the adaptation of the first-year students to studies, an e-questionnaire was developed and 79 students from the Faculty of Chemistry and Faculty of Biology were surveyed. Institutional and personal factors that are focused on the application of transferable skills are mainly those that affect the students’ adaptation in the first term of studies. At the same time such issues of the academic factor as students’ prior knowledge in biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics and their skill to learn independently are intrinsic for students’ successful studies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">349-361</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King-Dow Su</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A FEASIBLE GUIDANCE FOR ORDERED MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEMS IN STUDENTS’ HIERARCHICAL UNDERSTANDING LEVELS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hierarchical levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ordered Multiple-Choice (OMC)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">particulate nature of matter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082943.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research focuses on students’ 5 hierarchical levels of Ordered Multiple-Choice (OMC) items for their extensive conceptualized understanding in the particulate nature of matter (PNM) chemistry. The basic framework for OMC items is to link students’ conceptual understanding levels with possible cognitive responses. Developed as the substantial learning perspective, OMC item approaches benefit students with dominant formulations in directing a new impetus on individual mental constructions. This research attempts to establish the validity and reliability through assessing students’ understanding levels. The main methodology of innovative OMC design manifests students’ verified responsive accumulations; with 5 hierarchical mental conceptualizations from naive understanding up to complete systemic PNM understanding. OMC findings offer students more choices to determine the most appropriate corresponding answer towards different conceptualization levels and to set their individual responses at the medium understanding levels. All contribution of this research gives students’ future perspectives in more collaborative engagements with further administering OMC items.   </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77-89</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enes Filiz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ersoy Öz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FINDING THE BEST ALGORITHMS AND EFFECTIVE FACTORS IN CLASSIFICATION OF TURKISH SCIENCE STUDENT SUCCESS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classification algorithms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational data mining</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eighth grade</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science success</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS 2015</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359678.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Educational Data Mining (EDM) is an important tool in the field of classification of educational data that helps researchers and education planners analyse and model available educational data for specific needs such as developing educational strategies. Trends International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) which is a notable study in educational area was used in this research. EDM methodology was applied to the results of TIMSS 2015 that presents data culled from eighth grade students from Turkey. The main purposes are to find the algorithms that are most appropriate for classifying the successes of students, especially in science subjects, and ascertaining the factors that lead to this success. It was found that logistic regression and support vector machines – poly kernel are the most suitable algorithms. A diverse set of features obtained by feature selection methods are “Computer Tablet Shared”, “Extra Lessons Last 12 Month”, “Extra Lessons How Many Month”, “How Far in Education Do You Expect to Go”, “Home Educational Resources”, and “Student Confident in Science” and these features are the most effective features in science success.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239-253</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayşegül Ergün</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDENTIFICATION OF THE INTEREST OF TURKISH MIDDLE-SCHOOL STUDENTS IN STEM CAREERS: GENDER AND GRADE LEVEL DIFFERENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grade level differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM career interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550083001.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Turkey, it is predicted that the need for STEM employment in the 2016-2023 period will be close to one million and that about 31% of this need will not be met. Therefore, the identification of students’ interest in STEM careers in middle-school is regarded as important. The aim of this research was to identify the interest of middle-school students in STEM careers. The sample of the research was made up of 892 students who received education in four middle-schools in the Aegean region of Turkey. In this research which was of the descriptive survey model, the STEM Career Interest Questionnaire was used to collect data. As a result of research, it was determined that the interest of male students in STEM careers is more positive compared to the female students. It was found that the interest in careers in terms of grade level did not display any differences in the area of technology, whereas it displayed differences in the areas of science, engineering and mathematics. In addition, it was identified that the interest in STEM careers displayed differences in terms of grade level and that as the grade level increases, the interest in STEM careers decreases. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-104</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mukadder Baran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDENTIFYING BARRIERS WHEN TEACHING SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS IN LOW ECONOMY REGIONS: SWANSEA AND HAKKARI AS CASE STUDIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparative case research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching barriers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576225891.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research was to identify the barriers that upper-secondary school science and mathematics teachers face during the teaching process in economically disadvantaged regions (Hakkari, Turkey and Swansea, UK). The research design was comparative case research and pursues qualitative methodological approach in collecting and analyzing the data about the barriers that teachers are encountering during the teaching process. The research sample consisted of 24 science and mathematics teachers from different upper-secondary schools in Hakkari and Swansea. Semi-structured interview forms, were developed and employed to collect the data. The thematic analysis  was used to analyze the obtained data. The results revealed different categories in understanding the situations that science and mathematics teachers confront in both cases; student-related issues, pedagogical issues, teachers’ lack of subject knowledge and socio-economic and cultural-based issues. As student-based barriers, lack of prior knowledge, students`attention span, and interest; and regarding teachers-based barriers, teachers` lack of class management and communication skills, and lack of student-centered methods found as similar barriers. Language and socio-economical problems were also shared barriers for both cities. In addition to those barriers, political and family-based issues which hindered educational attainment found as the main barriers by science and mathematics teachers in Hakkari.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">848-865</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alghamdi, A. K. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sun Young Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF A SCIENCE METHODS COURSE ON FEMALE PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS WITHIN A SAUDI-ARABIAN CONTEXT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teachers’ beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers in Saudi Arabia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching strategy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082669.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examines the impact of a science methods course on the beliefs of female pre-service teachers (PSTs) in Saudi Arabia. Forty-seven female PSTs enrolled in a diploma of education programme at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) took a 16-week science methods course aimed at promoting their beliefs about their own self-efficacy, science teaching strategies, and science content knowledge (SCK). The PSTs completed a 30-item questionnaire on science teaching beliefs (five- point Likert Scale) both before and after taking the course. Data analysis revealed that the PSTs’ beliefs regarding their own self-efficacy changed after the course (statistically significant t=2.792, p 0.01) with scores indicating increased beliefs. Although increases were also observed for beliefs regarding science teaching methods and strategies and science content knowledge, they were very slight and not statistically significant. Overall, mean scores fell within the ‘neither agree nor disagree’ category for all three themes, ranging from 2.98 to 3.24. As one of the first studies in Saudi Arabia on PSTs’ science teaching beliefs, this research filled a gap in the existing literature. Grounded in the moderate scores for all three themes, recommendations for future science education course design are tendered as are suggestions for future research.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-38</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serkan Aslan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF ARGUMENTATION-BASED TEACHING AND SCENARIO-BASED LEARNING METHOD ON THE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scenario-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359342.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teaching programs based on contemporary learning-teaching approaches have been regulated since the 2005-2006 academic year in Turkey. Nevertheless, the researches conducted in Turkey suggested that teachers mostly use traditional teaching-learning approaches in their classroom activities. Therefore, this research aimed at enhancing the students’ academic achievement through the use of argumentation and scenario based learning approaches among the contemporary teaching-learning approaches in order to guide teachers. Experimental design with pre-test and post-test control group was used in the present research. This research was conducted with 45 fourth grade primary school students. The research was conducted with two experimental groups and one control group. Activities related to argumentation-based teaching were administered to the experimental group 1, activities with scenario-based learning method for the experimental group 2, and those of the existing curriculum for the control group. The research deployed an academic achievement test based on the unit of &quot;Let’s Solve the Riddle of Our Body&quot;. Independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance analysis (ANCOVA) were used during data analysis. Research results revealed that the academic achievement of the students was significantly influenced by the activities related to argumentation-based teaching and scenario-based learning method.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171-183</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yen-Ling Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shu Wen Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng-Chieh Chang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACTS OF A MARINE SCIENCE BOARD GAME ON MOTIVATION, INTEREST, AND ACHIEVEMENT IN MARINE SCIENCE LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">board game teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">marine education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226192.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research sought to explore how teaching utilizing a marine science-related board game affected students’ motivation, interest, and achievement in marine science learning at the high school level. The research utilized an experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements and a classroom setting, and included an experimental group containing 25 students and a control group  containing 26 students. The experiment was carried out over the course of 12 lessons, with various questionnaires, including a marine science learning motivation (MSLM) inventory, a marine science learning interest (MSLI) inventory, and a marine science learning achievement (MSLA) inventory, being used as the measurement instruments. The research analysed the students’ scores on these inventories using one-way analysis of ANCOVA. The main results of this research were as follows: 1) with regard to the MSLM inventory, the ‘relevance’, ‘confidence’, and ‘total score’ were significantly different between the two groups; 2) with regard to the MSLI inventory, the ‘cognitions regarding marine science’ were significantly different between the two groups; and 3) with regard to the MSLA, all of the dimensions including ‘memory’, ‘understanding’, ‘high-level thinking’, and ‘total score’ were significantly different between the two groups. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">907-923</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zvezdan Z.Gagić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sonja J. Skuban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branka N. Radulović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maja M. Stojanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olivera Gajić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MIND MAPS IN TEACHING PHYSICS: EDUCATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND STUDENTS’ INVOLVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mind maps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ involvement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550083117.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary school students  generally lack motivation  for learning physics, which they perceive as a difficult subject. In order to overcome this problem, it is necessary to apply appropriate teaching approach. The aim of this research was to assess the educational efficiency of mind maps in physics and students’ involvement when this approach is used. A pre-test – post-test control group design was used. The sample of this research consisted of 113 seventh-grade students divided into an experimental and a control group. The students in the experimental group were taught physics using mind maps and the students in the control group were taught using conventional teaching approach. The data were collected by using two physics knowledge tests and perceived mental effort scale. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test and chi-square test. The obtained results showed that the educational efficiency of teaching with the use of mind maps was greater than the efficiency of conventional teaching approach. Besides that, the students’ involvement in the experimental group was higher than the one in the control group. The implementation of mind maps in teaching physics in primary schools can increase students’ motivation for learning physics and lower their mental effort. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117-131</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahmi Qurota Aini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arif Rachmatullah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minsu Ha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INDONESIAN PRIMARY SCHOOL AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE: FOCUS ON GENDER AND ACADEMIC LEVEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">middle school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science attitude</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571126809.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student attitudes toward science have been one of the longstanding topics in science education research. Even though Indonesia has a unique educational system in which cultural, religious, and cognitive aspects are incorporated in the science K-12 curriculum, a limited number of studies have explored Indonesian students’ attitudes towards science. This research aimed to examine students’ attitudes toward science and the interaction between academic grade level and gender in Indonesian primary and middle school. Thirty items from five components of the BRAINS instrument were administered to 1587 Indonesian students from fourth grade through ninth grade to measure their attitude toward science. Rasch analysis, two-way ANOVA, and structural equation modeling path analysis were used to answer the proposed research questions. The current research found that Indonesian students’ attitudes toward science were significantly affected by academic level, however, gender only affected three components of attitude (control belief, attitude toward the behavior, and intention). Female students showed a higher attitude toward science than male students in general. The trends in every component of the students’ attitudes decreased from primary school to middle school. The present research provides a deeper discussion by considering the socio-cultural and educational history of Indonesia. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">654-667</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INDUSTRY 4.0 AND SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical paradigm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">industry 4.0</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571123849.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industry 4.0 and its applications are one of the most important issues of countries that want to keep their competitiveness in the field of scientific, technological and innovation in today's world. The Countries that are not able to adapt to Industry 4.0 processes will not be able to develop scientifically and technologically or keep up with current innovation processes. One of the aims of this paper is to explain the concept of industry 4.0 to our readers in a comprehensible manner and to show how much science education is actually related to industry 4.0.
In a general sense, Industry 4.0 or in other words, the 4th Industrial Revolution is an expression that includes many modern automation processes, large databases that communicate with each other, robotic devices and dark factories, in short, quality production technologies. In addition, Industry 4.0 includes modern technologies such as additive manufacturing, autonomous robots, big data, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, system integration, internet of things, cybersecurity, cloud computing, machine learning, deep learning etc. These technologies play an important role especially in the formation of new smart factories.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">652-653</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Fancovicova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED VARIABLES ON LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTS ABOUT DISEASES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concepts about diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perceived vulnerability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative research approach</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571127074.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Children’s concept of biological phenomena differs from scientific thought in many aspects. The revelation of wrong concepts contributes to better education, especially when that information is described in a specific field of science. Not only children, but also adults often use anthropomorphic and theological explanations to express their ideas, which confirm their lack of understanding of biological phenomena. A great deal of research has proved retaining of children’s misconceptions in the fields of zoology and botany. How accurate, however, are their ideas about organisms of a microscopic size? The aim of the research was to find out the influence of selected factors (perceived vulnerability, grade, gender and type of group) on concepts about diseases among lower secondary school students. The research sample consisted of 400 students of lower secondary education from Slovakia. Data were collected through Likert type questionnaires. The correlation was found between perceived vulnerability to diseases, age and concepts about diseases. The statistically significant difference in the results between boys and girls was not confirmed. The higher impact should be aimed at their importance for humans and nature for a better understanding of this concept. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">708-716</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paweł Bernard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karol Dudek-Różycki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinga Orwat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEGRATION OF INQUIRY-BASED INSTRUCTION WITH FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: THE CASE OF EXPERIENCED CHEMISTRY TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher professional development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359401.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inquiry-based teaching and learning methods are more and more widely used in the teaching natural sciences all over the world. The elements of inquiry are included in many national sciences’ core curricula and indicate that students should be actively involved in acquiring knowledge. This fact changes the teacher’s role in the classroom and the structure of everyday lessons. Independent inquiry helps students to develop various elements of scientific education, gain specific skills and competencies. Consequently, the assessment methods used so far are no longer sufficient and they should be expanded with new strategies, tools, and criteria. In recent years, there were many projects, in which teachers were trained in using both inquiry-based instructions and formative assessment. So far, unfortunately, there has been limited information on how teachers bring theory into practice and combine the new teaching and assessment methods, and how they adopt available teaching materials during everyday classes. This case study explored how experienced chemistry teachers, who have broad content, pedagogical content, and inquiry methodology knowledge, integrate inquiry-based teaching with formative assessment for the first time. The results of the study revealed the main limiting factors and teachers’ dilemmas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">184-196</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriela Deliu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cristina Miron</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cristian Opariuc-Dan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ITEM DIMENSIONALITY EXPLORATION BY MEANS OF CONSTRUCT MAP AND CATEGORICAL PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">categorical principal components analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">construct map</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">item response theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">unidimensionality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359543.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research is to study the merits and complementarity of Construct Mapping and Categorical Principal Components Analysis as two approaches that explore the dimensionality of multiple-choice items in achievement tests. Data from the two forms of the Romanian National Assessment Tests on Science were used to explore the dimensionality of items and to identify potentially problematic items that affect the equivalence of the two parallel forms. The findings confirm that the two tests have at best partial equivalence, but while the two methods both agree on test unidimensionality, they flag in part different items as potentially problematic. The results enable researchers and practitioners to make coherent data-driven decision regarding the use of unidimensional vs multidimensional IRT models.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">209-226</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maison</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syahrial</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syamsurizal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tanti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNING ENVIRONMENT, STUDENTS’ BELIEFS, AND SELF-REGULATION IN LEARNING PHYSICS: STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning Environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-regulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural Equation Modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students' beliefs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372334.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studies of correlations between students’ beliefs and various aspects of student learning become one of the fastest growing research areas in the field of education and psychology. The aim of the current research was to analyze the correlations between learning environments, students' beliefs, and self-regulation in learning physics through structural equation modeling (SEM). There were 1010 students from the existing five public high schools in Jambi city, Indonesia, participating in the research. Three self-report questionnaires including (1) WIHIC, (2) CLASS, and (3) MSLQ were used to collect the research data. The data analysis showed that students’ beliefs were significantly and positively correlated with multiple dimension of self-regulation in learning physics (critical thinking and peer learning); while the dimension of sense-making and problem-solving ability significantly related to the affective component of self-regulation (test anxiety). However, the dimension of students’ beliefs did not have any significant effect on all of the self-regulation components. Additionally, learning environment dimensions were significantly related to students’ beliefs about physics on the dimension of conceptual connection and related to all of the self-regulation dimensions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">389-403</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF LIGHT PROPAGATION TIME FOR 10- AND 14-YEAR-OLD STUDENTS: DIDACTICAL PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-sectional research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light propagation time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ representations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359871.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student’s mental representations of physical concepts are often different from those of scientists. The research aimed to identify and compare mental representations of light propagation time by school children aged 10 (132 subjects), and 14 (109 subjects) years old. This research was conducted through individual interviews in which the students were asked to locate light propagation time in various tasks-experimental situations. The results of this research show that even though the students of two groups face difficulties in understanding light propagation time, as they grow older, they make statistically significant progress in constructing the conception of light propagation time. These findings allow to seek out educational perspectives on the understanding of the conception of light propagation time in organised scholastic environments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">276-285</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfiya R. Masalimova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTORING ON SCIENCE TEACHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mentoring activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559371904.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nowadays, mentoring as an educational form of Russia’s occupational activity is undergoing fundamental changes due to the variety of interrelated factors affecting the mentoring system. The requirements for the mentoring system itself are affected by these changes as well. Nature of the mentoring activity influences socio-economic, political, socio-cultural, pedagogical, methodical and individual factors. 
The main mechanism for the implementation of the proposed principles of mentoring is an integrative approach, involving the integration and interaction of 1) two processes – the process of occupational development of teachers and their readiness to implement mentoring activities; 2) two types of activities – occupational and mentoring; 3) all entities of the educational institution in the process of mentoring.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">320-322</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lilia Ellany Mohtar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lilia Halim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norshariani Abd Rahman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siti Mistima Maat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zanaton H. Iksan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamisah Osman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MODEL OF INTEREST IN STEM CAREERS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">life sciences STEM careers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perceptions of STEM careers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical sciences STEM careers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Cognitive Career Theory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372400.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studies have shown that various factors (the role of formal education, informal education, and community) contribute to the lack of participation in STEM and STEM careers. This research aimed to understand the multi pathways of factors contributing to the interest in STEM careers (STEM careers in physical sciences and STEM careers in life sciences). This research was a survey research which administered a questionnaire randomly to 1485 secondary school students (14 years of age). Data analysis was based on the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) to test the hypothesized model. A model containing five constructs, namely environmental factors (learning experiences, media, social influences), self-efficacy in science, technology, engineering and mathematics respectively, perceptions of STEM careers and interest in physical sciences and life sciences STEM careers was proposed in this research. The results show that students’ interest in life sciences based careers is influence by their self-efficacy and perceptions of the career. Meanwhile, students’ interest in physical sciences based careers is influence only by their self-efficacy and not influence by their perceptions of the career. The need to improve students’ self-efficacy through STEM learning experiences is imperative to ensure continued interest in STEM careers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">404-416</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitja Slavinec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dino Gačević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MONODISCIPLINARITY IN SCIENCE VERSUS TRANSDISCIPLINARITY IN STEM EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">industry 4.0</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinarity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solar chimney</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transdisciplinarity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372546.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contemporary society of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) increasingly requires the education system (i.e., the school) to train competent, creative and proactive professionals who will be able to solve real life problems. If society is to achieve this, some key paradigm changes must occur in education. The school must first prepare a competence-based curriculum and, secondly, school practice should move away from subject-based teaching, towards an interdisciplinary STEM teaching approach. Obviously, to support this, modern learning environments and ICT solutions and tools have to be used. However, since the interdisciplinary STEM approach has already been implemented and integrated, it can be said that a new, integrated science discipline (STEM) has already emerged, together with a transdisciplinary approach to STEM learning and teaching.
In the present research, a concrete case of designing, developing and producing a solar chimney was used to demonstrate an integrated approach to learning and teaching, while emphasizing especially the advantages of such an interdisciplinary (transdisciplinary) approach to teaching Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematic content. The empirical research shows that such an approach produces incomparably better results, especially on higher cognitive levels, in comparison to traditional approaches to learning and teaching. 
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">435-449</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhaimin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akhmad Habibi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amirul Mukminin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robin Pratama</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asrial</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harlina Harja</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREDICTING FACTORS AFFECTING INTENTION TO USE WEB 2.0 IN LEARNING: EVIDENCE FROM SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology acceptance model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Web 2.0</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564686612.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers’ intention to use technology is a major factor in its effective use in learning including in developing countries. This research empirically investigated on factors that influence Pre-Service Science Teachers’ (PSSTs) intention to use Web 2.0 in learning through Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in Indonesia. The goals of the research were to (a) report if the TAM is a valid and reliable model to explain PSSTs intention to use Web 2.0, and (b) inform the factors of PSSTs’ intention to use Web 2.0 in learning. Seven hundred and five PSSTs from five universities completed a 24-item online questionnaire based on the TAM constructs comprising perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norm, facilitating conditions, attitudes, and intention to use Web 2.0. Results obtained using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) informed that (a) facilitating condition and subjective norm significantly influenced perceived ease of use; (b) subjective norm significantly affected perceived usefulness; (c) both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness was a significant factor predicting attitude; and (d) attitude, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness significantly influenced intention to use Web 2.0. Overall, the TAM is a valid model to help explain Indonesian PSSTs’ intention to use Web 2.0 in learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">595-606</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sari Havu-Nuutinen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anttoni Kervinen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Uitto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aulikki Laine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anniina Koliseva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lassi Pyykkö</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pentti Impiö</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tiina Aittola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE AND IN-SERVICE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES OF INQUIRY-BASED PRIMARY SCIENCE TEACHING: A COLLABORATIVE TEAM TEACHING MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative team teaching model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">survey research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ experiences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564686532.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research clarifies how a collaborative team teaching model (CTTM) can support both pre-service and in-service teachers’ professional development in using inquiry-based science teaching in primary schools. The data were collected via a questionnaire-based survey approach after inquiry projects implementation at public schools in four Finnish cities. In total, 98 pre-service teachers and 51 in-service class teachers were involved in the research.  According to their experiences collaborative team teaching was seen as an adequate teaching approach in primary school science lessons. Both in-service and pre-service teachers experienced inquiry-based science teaching enthusiastically and received new ideas, knowledge and skills to carry out inquiries during the school projects. Also, they became more confident to use inquiry-based approach in their teaching. The findings indicate that the CTTM combines pre-service teachers’ professional development and in-service teachers’ expertise and the model successfully support the use of inquiry-based practices in primary school science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">583-594</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markóczi Revák, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erzsébet Jász</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enikő Kovács</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Károly Teperics</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Judit Ütő Visi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">János Máth</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SOME OF ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">project work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">renewable energy knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theme work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">word association</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226295.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaping attitude related to renewable energy resources is the task of the entire society and in the case of students of different ages it is realized via education in and outside schools. This research concerns the analysis of the knowledge of students related to renewable energy resources, exploring the differences in the case of students in different grades and also the identification of correlations between the knowledge for renewable energy and some of its influencing factors. The research was carried out in spring 2018 with 4th (N=466) and 7th (N=529) graders in primary school and also with 11th graders (N=328) in secondary school in Hungary. Association and selection tasks applied in the research were related to knowledge of renewable energy resources and three questions concerned influencing factors. Assessment was performed based on the word association test. Results indicate poor and less stable knowledge in the case of every grade. The knowledge structure of the grades is similar, solar, water and wind are the most well-known renewable energy resources. Regarding knowledge, the type of the settlement of residence, education level of parents, school curriculum, textbook, theme weeks, project work, media and internet were important among influencing factors. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">924-942</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">António Almeida</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García Fernández, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlando Stretch-Ribeiro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN AND PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF IBERIAN NATIVE AND AFRICAN SAVANNAH MAMMALS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">native fauna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">savannah mammals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576224962.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present research compared the knowledge of primary school children and pre-service primary teachers about various native mammals of the Iberian Peninsula (IP-Portugal and Spain) and the African Savannah. For this purpose, a questionnaire was administered to 420 children and 215 pre-service teachers from these countries asking for the identification of animals through photos and whether they had native status on the IP. The pre-service teachers performed better than the children. The Savannah animals were better identified than those of the IP. The results were similar in both countries, even though the Spanish performed a little better. Children from both countries had more difficulty identifying the native status of the animals, with a high percentage of them thinking that Savannah animals lived in the wild on the IP. This error was less frequent among the pre-service teachers but, even so, with a percentage for certain animals that can be considered of concern. This issue is absent in the training courses in both countries, a conclusion based on an analysis of the syllabuses. The importance of improving knowledge of native fauna though formal and informal learning is discussed as a way to promote a conservationist attitude with direct repercussions on the recognition of the importance of local or regional biodiversity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">833-847</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tanja Gnidovec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gregor Torkar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS ABOUT OWLS, EXPERIENCES WITH OWLS AND THEIR SOURCES OF INFORMATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptions about owls</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experiences with owls</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school student</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student’s drawing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student’s written response</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359746.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present research explores benefits of using young students’ drawings in combination with written responses for gathering information about science concepts. Younger students are still very limited in their verbal expression and less biologically literate than older students. The aim was to determine primary school students’ conceptions about owls, experiences with owls and their sources of information, and to then determine how beneficial it is to combine information gathered from drawings and written responses in comparison to previous research done with lower secondary school students. Altogether, 280 students attending fourth and fifth grades from schools in Slovenia participated in the research. Students knew well the specific features of owls. Drawings provided more clear information about body parts and proportions, while owls’ specific habitats, behaviours and diet were more thoroughly described in their written responses. Students without experiences with living owls represented owls less thoroughly. Comparison of frequencies of responses in main categories of conceptions about owls showed that using drawings and written responses is equally beneficial for younger and older students. Gathering primary school students’ conceptions about science concepts with both drawings and written responses enables better assessment of a student’s knowledge than using just drawings or written responses.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">254-263</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROPOSALS FOR SMALL STEPS TOWARD REPRODUCIBILITY OF SCIENCE EDUCATIONAL STUDIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational problems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence-based interventions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">opposite reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082532.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is evident that almost nobody is satisfied with contemporary (science) education, however, critique and proposed solutions to the perceived educational problems are sometimes established from opposite reasoning. Nowadays we can witness, for example, debates about position, role and effect of digital mobile technologies, social networks, and many other issues on behaviour and performance of students. Suggestions about their place in science education are on a scale between transforming education toward digital technologies and calls to prohibit, at least some of them, on the other end. Unfortunately enough argumentation too many times follows patterns recognized as ‘The demon-haunted world’ (Sagan, 1995) and a vocabulary and argumentation in line with Frankfurt’s (2005) famous essay ‘On bullshit’.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Cansiz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurcan Cansiz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RECONCEPTUALIZING AND FIELD TESTING THE SCIENTIFIC LITERACY FRAMEWORK BY EXPLORING THE ASPECT OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY IN TURKISH SCIENCE CURRICULUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">affective domain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">document analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy framework</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571126948.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was twofold. The first aim was to revise the existing scientific literacy framework developed by Boujaoude in accordance with the current literature about scientific literacy. The second aim was to explore how the aspects of scientific literacy were reflected in the Turkish science curriculum using the revised framework. The impact of science and technology on environment resulted in the need for both scientifically and environmentally literate individuals and therefore, any framework examining scientific literacy should include the interaction between science, technology, society, and environment as an aspect. Moreover, a new aspect was suggested for the framework, the affective side of science, considering the affective outcomes of science education. Finally, the science curriculum from grades 3 to 8 was analyzed using the revised framework. Results showed that the revisions on the framework resulted in a more rigorous framework which evaluates scientific literacy more precisely. Moreover, the results about the analysis of science curriculum indicated that the knowledge of science and the investigative nature of science were reflected in the objectives of the curriculum more than other aspects. The results and implications were discussed. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">681-691</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang Xiantong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang Mengmeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Song Xin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hou Lan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang Qiang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL EQUITY: A SURVEY ON THE ABILITY TO DESIGN SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS OF SIXTH-GRADE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regional educational equity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific experiments</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226522.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Due to the vast territory, there are problems of unbalanced development of education and students’ ability level in China. In order to explore the relation between regional education equity and the development of students’ scientific ability, and to better promote the development of education and students’ growth, it is urgent to carry out the research. In the context of regional coordinated development, stratified random sampling and cluster sampling were used to study the ability to design scientific experiments of 742 sixth-grade students in Beijing. The results showed that, first of all, the ability to design scientific experiments of 742 sixth-grade students in Beijing was low and the developmental level was not coordinated. Secondly, there was a significant correlation between gender and students’ ability to design scientific experiments. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between districts and the ability to guess and predict. Finally, significant positive correlations were found among the internal structures of ability to design scientific experiments. Therefore, in order to promote the coordinated development of students’ ability to design scientific experiments, this paper puts forward effective suggestions in four aspects: improving science teachers’ professionalism, offering experimental resources, updating teaching philosophy and strengthening curriculum construction.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">971-985</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gokhan Guven</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nevin Kozcu Cakir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATION BETWEEN TEACHERS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND CRITICAL THINKING DISPOSITIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical thinking disposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prospective teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relational survey model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">renewable energy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571127131.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this research, it was aimed to explore the relation between attitude towards renewable energy sources and critical thinking disposition. For this purpose, relational survey model was used in the research. The research group consisted of 468 prospective teachers studying in faculty of education in a public university in the fall semester of 2018-2019 academic year. Renewable Energy Sources Attitude Scale in order to evaluate prospective teachers' attitudes towards renewable energy sources, and Critical Thinking Disposition Scale for evaluating critical thinking dispositions were used. In the research, the relation between the data set for attitude towards renewable energy sources comprising of variables which are application request, importance of education, country interest, environmental awareness and investments and the data set for critical thinking disposition comprising of variables which are metacognition, flexibility, systematicity, tenacity-patience, open-mindedness by the canonical analysis. As a result of the canonical correlation analysis, a significant relation was found between the attitudes towards renewable energy sources and the critical thinking dispositions and it was found that the common variance shared between the data sets was 22.23%. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">717-731</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yustika Sya’bandari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minsu Ha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-Ki Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sein Shin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATION OF GENDER AND TRACK ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARD CONVERGENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude toward convergence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humanities track</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science track</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372478.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preparing a positive attitude toward convergence is essential to help students grow into future generations with the ability to solve various complex problems. This research aims to examine high school students' attitude toward convergence and the relation to gender and track. Responses from 1,186 Indonesian students in tenth (10th) and eleventh (11th) grade were purposively collected. Students were administered twenty-three items of attitude toward convergence covering five constructs: knowledge, personal relevance, social relevance, interest, and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using IRT-Rasch analyses, two-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and cluster analyses. The primary finding of this research presented that high school students’ attitude toward convergence on the construct of interest and self-efficacy is significantly related to gender and track. Female students show to be more interested in convergence than male students. However, female students have lower self-efficacy. Additionally, science track students tend to be more interested in convergence than humanities track and showing higher self-efficacy. After performing cluster analysis, students are divided into three particular groups according to their attitude toward convergence. Finally, customized learning is proposed to improve students’ attitude toward convergence.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">417-434</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyuksoo Kwon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eunsang Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESEARCH TRENDS AND ISSUES OF EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT-RELATED RESEARCH IN SOUTH KOREA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ESD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research trends</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Korea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology Education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372259.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to explore research trends and issues in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in South Korea. To accomplish this, we conducted an analysis of 222 peer-reviewed journal papers related to ESD in South Korea. The research concentrated on identifying four characteristics of ESD research: 1) key publication features, 2) the research topics described, 3) the research design employed, and 4) the types of sample/subjects. The results showed that the initial ESD research began in South Korea in 2005, and the number of the journal papers has increased since 2010. Regarding research topics, more research has been conducted on establishing conceptual or theoretical foundations related to ESD. Moreover, teachers’ attitudes or perceptions and program development associated with sustainable development were studied in depth. There were similar ratios of the theoretical research, quantitative research, and qualitative research regarding research design but mixed methods studies indicating the least ratio. Content analysis was the most prevalent analysis technique for quantitative/mixed ESD research. Regarding data sources or participants, the most common data source was the literature. Several research suggestions were made for assessing ESD programs and in-service teachers’ ESD professional development. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379-388</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zvonka Cencelj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROLE AND MEANING OF FUNCTIONAL SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING LITERACY IN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering functional literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">key competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science functional literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550083179.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Literacy, in particular functional literacy in various fields and especially in the field of STEM, is becoming an increasing problem in modern-day society. The question arises, can the school system develop the kind of functional literacy in students, which allows them to fulfil, in real life, their personal and professional needs related to the competence of reading and creating written texts from the field of science, technology and engineering? 
The present research aimed to explore how students in today's schools are trained in functional literacy, especially in the fields of technology and engineering, and what kind of literacies in the field of STEM they are able to (or should be able to) master competently. The present research showed that students achieve relatively poor results in the area of functional literacy, both regarding their science literacy, and especially their technology and engineering literacy, which is a result of a lack of competence on behalf of mother-tongue teachers to develop this kind of functional literacy. Functional literacy should be developed by teachers of individual areas of STEM subjects.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132-146</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leon Yufeng Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nathan M. Truong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hsin-Yen Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuen-Hsian Tseng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE-EDU-COMMUNICATION: TRENDS REVEAL IN 20 YEARS OF SCIENCE COMMUNICATION RESEARCH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CATAR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science-edu-communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientometric analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571128365.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">By investigating scholarly output in science communication from 1997 to 2018, this research sought evidence that science education has been increasingly focusing on communication methods to reach the public. Through an automatic scientometric method, this study analyzed 1300 articles published in two leading journals in the field of science communication. As a result, seven trends were revealed and categorized into three themes: Public engagement with science (PES); Media and science (MS); and Issues in science (IS). Furthermore, PES and MS scholarly output were found increased significantly.  The findings confirmed the goal of this research. However, it then suggested a research area of bridging science education and science communication that is currently less explored. Given increased focus towards PES and MS, these fields are primed for further collaboration to more engage the public in science learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">793-805</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Show-Run Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Ling Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chi-Jui Lien</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’AND TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF SCIENTIFIC MODELS: TRANSITION FROM DAILY TO SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ view</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ view</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226134.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of scientific models has been regarded as an important skill for scientific enquiry. However, although many national curricula and major international science education reform movements have stressed the use of scientific models in science teaching and learning, students and teachers generally do not know how to perceive models properly. This research explores these perceptions about scientific models using the Perception of Models in Science (PMS), a self-developed instrument designed to collect participants’ model perceptions, among 218 grade 4, 6 and 8 students, as including 57 of the science teachers in their respective schools, and treated these statistically with analysis of variance, post hoc analysis and cluster analysis. Results showed that the groups of students and teachers agreed that the most acceptable model representation is reality but remained uncertain on whether a model can be presented through nonreality representations (i.e., diagram, graph, symbol, writing and speech). Participants did not significantly differ in perception intensity of seeing each model representation and held three kinds of model perceptions: daily language, transitional and scientific language. This research thus proposes action plans in managing this transitional perspective in learning the concepts of scientific models.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">892-906</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hidayah Mohd Fadzil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rohaida Mohd Saat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khalijah Awang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Durriyyah Sharifah Hasan Adli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF LEARNING STEM-RELATED SUBJECTS THROUGH SCIENTIST-TEACHER-STUDENT PARTNERSHIP (STSP)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">authentic science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative methodology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientist-teacher-student partnership (STSP)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564685988.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education is facing an immense challenge due to students’ lack of engagement with science education. This issue calls for a collaborative and integrative teaching strategy such as the Scientist-Teacher-Student Partnership (STSP). This research employed a qualitative research methodology supported by quantitative data, to explore students’ perceptions of learning science through STSP. It involved 125 students in Grade 10 from four schools, eight science teachers and seven scientists from a university situated in Kuala Lumpur. The data were collected through survey questionnaire and interviews. The collected qualitative data were analysed using constant comparative techniques and the quantitative data arising from the responses of the survey were calculated as mean scores and standard deviations. The findings showed that the tripartite collaboration brings educational benefits to all groups. Based on the student’ perspective, four (4) main themes emerged. The students found that 1) the partnership enriched their learning experiences, 2) they acquired procedural skills through hands-on experiments, 3) they had the opportunity to explore emerging topics in science, and 4) they were exposed to various career opportunities in STEM-related fields. This research has promoted greater articulation of STSP as a mechanism for educational reform in STEM.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">537-548</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chun-Chu Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tse-Yu Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL FEMALE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision making trial and evaluation laboratory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural Equation Modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082738.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was the first research integrating decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to analysis factors, including interest in science, value in science and confidence in science, affecting female students’ science achievements from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011. The research constructed two causal models base on mutual effect of value in science and confidence in science by DEMATEL analysis. The causality of two factors in model 1 was value in science affected confidence in science and model 2 vice versa. According to the results of SEM analysis, fit indices of CFI, GFI and AGFI in model 1 were 0.851, 0.796 and 0.745; in model 2 were 0.818, 0.772, and 0.873. And results showed that female students had better fitness in model 1; in other words, the causality of value in science to confidence in science might have an important effect on the science achievement of female students. Lastly, these findings could provide not only a different perspective for future researches but also a useful insight as a reference for policy making and improvement by relevant decision makers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39-50</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirjana Maričić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanko Cvjetićanin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branko Anđić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHER-DEMONSTRATION AND STUDENT HANDS-ON EXPERIMENTS IN TEACHING INTEGRATED SCIENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">demonstration hands-on experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integrated sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quality of knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student hands-on experiments</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571128244.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The widely explored but still unresolved question about the contribution of the application of different ways of performing experiments in the integrated natural sciences is addressed in this research. The aim was to determine the contribution of demonstration hands-on experiments (DHE) and student hands-on experiments (SHE) in relation to conventional teaching method (CTM) on the quality and durability of 3rd grade students (between 9 and 10 years of age) from primary school. The research involved 180 students, further divided into three groups: E1 (experimental group 1, where content was learned through DHE), E2 (experimental group 2, where content was learned through SHE) and C (control group, where content was learned through CTM). The results of the research point to the fact that priority should be given to the DHE and SHE over the CTM in the realization of air-related content in the 3rd grade. SHE should be used more than DHE when it comes to teaching this specific content.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">768-779</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena Ž. Maksimović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena S. Osmanović</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ SELF-CONCEPT AND ITS BENEFITS FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empirical research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550083061.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-concept, understood as an impression or idea one has about oneself, represents a significant precondition for the professional improvement of teachers, as well as for the advancement of teaching itself and students’ development of  their own positive self-concept. This research aimed to examine the idea of self-concept with the purpose of determining the manner in which primary and secondary school teachers perceive themselves. The factors to be analyzed in relation to the variables, work experience and pay satisfaction, were defined by means of the scale of estimates and factor analysis. The obtained results showed that accepting oneself, self-improvement, self-satisfaction and job satisfaction, as well as the initiative and openness to change varied depending on work experience and pay satisfaction. Work experience, not pay satisfaction,  proved to have an impact on the teachers’ perception of the relationship with their colleagues, whereas the perception of personal and teaching qualities did not depend on the aforementioned variables.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105-116</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jen-Che Tsai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ping-Han Cheng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shiang-Yao Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING BOARD GAMES TO TEACH SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUES ON BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN TAIWAN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">board game</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision making</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">descriptive research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">game base learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socioscientific issue</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564686975.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research uses board games as teaching material to develop students’ decision-making ability and basic scientific literacy and to foster students’ value for nature and social caring by working with socioscientific issues. The board game structure contains four perspective systems: ecological, economic, cultural, and political. In the game processing, students must handle, consider, and understand the different role players’ positions and face different missions that involve socioeconomic and environmental conflicts. When making any decisions, students affect the follow-up game behaviors and develop tendencies. The board game instruction was field-tested with 38 high-school students from two different high schools. Students played the board game for a total of 200 minutes. Students’ scientific conceptions concerning biodiversity (closed-ended) and perspectives on socioscientific issues (open-ended) were assessed before and after the board game lesson. The results showed that students in both high schools significantly increased their understanding of biodiversity concepts, with a high level of effect size (Cohen's d equal to 1.40 and 1.06, respectively, for the two schools). In the semistructured interviews, the interviewed students were able to reflect on the value of animals and provide various opinions about animal conservation and economic development.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">634-645</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burcu Alan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fikriye Kirbağ Zengin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonca Keçeci</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING STEM APPLICATIONS FOR SUPPORTING INTEGRATED TEACHING KNOWLEDGE OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Algodoo software</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integrated teaching knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359281.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this research the effects of STEM applications, which are aimed to support the integrated teaching knowledge of pre-service science teachers on the problem solving skills of pre-service science teachers were examined. The research was carried out in scope of the mixed method design of convergent parallel design.  The research  was conducted with pre-service science teachers of experimental group (n=31) and control group (n=31) who were studying at Fırat University. STEM applications including Algodoo were carried out with the pre-service teachers in the experimental group for one term. The data of the research were collected through the problem solving inventory test (PSIT), prospects diaries during the process of the pre-service science teachers in the experiment group. Quantitative data were analyzed using unpaired samples t-test. Statistically significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group when the PSIT post-test scores of the pre-service teachers in the experimental and control groups were analyzed. They said that STEM education is necessary and important for them, much better products arise as a result of gathering different disciplines, but integration of four disciplines is not easy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">158-170</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiying Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liusu Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiliang Shen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jingying Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weiping Hu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yinghe Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renhe Tian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY ACTIVITIES IN EIGHT-GRADE PHYSICS TEXTBOOKS IN CHINA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics textbook</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific inquiry activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">textbook evaluation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527128.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to analyse whether or not the characteristic of scientific inquiry activities of textbooks in China satisfy the requirements of China’s new curriculum reforms, content analysis method was adopted to analyze scientific inquiry activities in junior middle school physical textbooks (grade 8) of five editions authorized by the Chinese Ministry of Education. The results show that the inquiry activities in the five versions of textbooks in China cannot meet the requirements of authentic scientific inquiry regardless of the degree of openness or operationality of cognitive processes and are not conducive to develop students’ scientific inquiry skills and scientific reasoning skills. The authors of science textbooks should take note of the latest insights from the world of academia and develop some new authentic scientific inquiry tasks to update textbooks in a prompt manner in order to improve the students’ abilities of scientific inquiry. For the textbook reviewers, the present research not only provides them with specific findings, but also provides them with a method to evaluate textbooks.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">229-238</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berat Ahi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volkan Atasoy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sibel Balci</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN ANALYSIS OF PLANT BLINDNESS IN TURKISH TEXTBOOKS USED AT THE BASIC EDUCATION LEVEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">document analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photograph in textbook</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant blindness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">written text</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527409.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The importance of plants is not as clearly understood as that of animals. This lack of attention is called “plant blindness” and is considered one of the most important problems in biology education. Textbooks do not put much emphasis on plants and, therefore, they may contribute to plant blindness. In this research, ten textbooks used for teaching at the basic education level in Turkey were analyzed for plant blindness using the document analysis method. The words and photographs associated with plants and animals were analyzed. The data analysis did not find any evidence that could lead to a conclusion of plant blindness based on the text and photos of these textbooks. However, if the number of plant and animal species covered is increased, and more words and photos are used to introduce these species, children will become more familiar with plants and animals. Besides textbooks, other educational tools can be analyzed in terms of plant blindness to expand on the related literature. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">277-287</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dušica D. Rodić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BEST PRACTICES OF ASSESSMENT AS A WAY TO PROMOTE EFFECTIVE LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge examination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science expertise</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching practice</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418039.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The conceptual understanding presents a key component of science expertise, and thus the most desirable outcome of science education process. However, reports in the literature describe the opposite reality. The viva voce assessment is probably the oldest type of knowledge examination. Yet, contemporary issues such as the continued expansion of the curricula at all levels of education, large lecture at tertiary level and many other objective reasons, have made written exams more widespread in the teaching practice. Unfortunately, this has made many students learning for tests, and many teachers teaching to the test, thus ultimately turning teaching practice into students’ preparation to test well. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">748-750</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tri Jalmo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tri Suwandi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOLOGY EDUCATION STUDENTS’ MENTAL MODELS ON GENETIC CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drawing-writing test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Models</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529509132.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aims to explore the concept of mental model of students about genetic concepts through drawing-writing test. The participants were 85 students of Biology Education at University of Lampung, which has taken genetics course. Mental model of students was categorized into five levels (levels 1-5) based on coding framework which was adapted from Kose (2008) and Saka et al. (2006).  The results showed that the most dominant mental models found in each concept through drawing-writing test (D/W) respectively were D3/W3 (drawings with misconceptions/partial understanding with alternative conceptions) on the concept of &quot;genetic materials&quot;, D2/W2 (non-representational drawings/alternative conceptions) on the concept of &quot;heredity&quot;, D2/W3 (non-representational drawings/partial understanding with alternative conceptions) on the concept of &quot;gene expression&quot;, D2/W3 (non-representational drawings/partial understanding with alternative conceptions) on the concept of &quot;gene regulation in metabolic processes&quot;, and D1/W2 (no understanding/alternative conception) on the concept of &quot;gene regulation of the growth and development of an organisms&quot;. The results indicated that drawing-writing test can be used in probing the learning difficulties and misconseption on genetics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">474-485</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yeşim Yener</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Bahar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naciye Somuncu Demir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Yılmaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dündar Yener</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE COGNITIVE STRUCTURE OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS ABOUT ENERGY METABOLISM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biological energy metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mind map</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-Service Science Teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">word association test</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529509067.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this research word association test was used to explore the cognitive structure of Pre-service science teachers about biological energy metabolism. The participant group constitutes 67 Pre-service students at a university in Black Sea Region of Turkey. Ten key concepts in General Biology course were given as a stimulating word and a mind map was established by using the frequency values of valid response words. The results showed that the total number of different response words for the key word “enzyme” is the highest with “cell” and “energy” being higher than others and for the key word “photosynthesis” is the lowest. The mind map also showed that they based their cognitive perceptions of the biological energy mechanism mostly on scientific concepts that are emphasized in the lessons and are academically acknowledged and included in the concepts used in everyday life at the least. However, they were not able to see the key concept “enzymes” as a part of branched network and they had also problems regarding the respiratory event in the plants as well as realization process of photosynthesis in the cellular level. Implications of the results in terms of understanding the subject of biological energy metabolism are also discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">462-473</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binar Kurnia Prahani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Munasir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Z.A. Imam Supardi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iwan Wicaksono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nia Erlina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paken Pandiangan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosyid Althaf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zainuddin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE COMPARISON OF OR-IPA TEACHING MODEL AND PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL EFFECTIVENESS TO IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF PRE-SERVICE PHYSICS TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">and PBL model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OR-IPA model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service physics teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527582.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking skills are one of the 21st century skills that are effectively trained by using the OR-IPA and Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model, therefore this research aims to compare the effectiveness of both. Research design used True Experiment with Randomized Subject Control-group Pre-test and Post-test with 94 pre-service physics teachers. Data collected using the critical thinking skills test and the student response sheet, and then analyzed using t-test and N-gain. The results showed: (1) the teaching instruments of OR-IPA and PBL Model have fulfilled the validity requirements (rα ~ .26) and reliability (α = .96 - .99). (2) Each of OR-IPA, PBL, and Conventional Model can significantly increase critical thinking skills at α = 5%, respectively with average N-gain: medium (.60), medium (.48), and low (.14); with the student response of: very positive, very positive, and less positive. (3) The OR-IPA and PBL Model are effective to improve critical thinking skills, while the Conventional Model is ineffective, and the OR-IPA Model is more effective compared to the PBL Model. Implication of this research is that the OR-IPA Model can be an innovative solution to improve critical thinking skills, but there is still a need for repetitive research like this.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300-319</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Demkanin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPT FORMATION: PHYSICS TEACHER AND HIS KNOW-HOW AND KNOW-WHY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept formation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">normative knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519059651.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics education is an easy job, making people happy. It is an easy job for all, including teachers and learners. Do you agree? I do, but probably it is good to try to discuss these words somehow in details.
Quite often we see, even in our Journal, research results proving that Physics is not so popular. Physics courses require thinking, using correct words, not making too much algebra and calculation mistakes, using arguments. Really, a reasonable portion of pupils does not find Physics lessons as a source of happiness.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-7</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529508517.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">363</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539417866.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">747</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523526397.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533842488.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">531</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519059513.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544775653.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 17, No. 6, 2018, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">911</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmad Yani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asep Mulyadi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamat Ruhimat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTEXTUALIZATION OF SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE: CORRELATION BETWEEN SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE, SPATIAL ABILITY, AND GEOGRAPHY SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contextualization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crystallized intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographic skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intelligence and skill correlation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial intelligence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708545.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research attempted to find whether spatial intelligence (without context) has a correlation to (contextual) spatial ability and affects geographic skills as crystallized ability (Gc). It employed the descriptive method with subjects including students at the primary, junior high, and senior high schools. The data were collected through two instruments, namely test and questionnaire. Data of test results were processed by tabulation technique and correlated for the scores of spatial intelligence, spatial ability, and geographic skills. The results show that spatial intelligence (Gf) tended to increase from the level of primary to junior high and to senior high school level, whereas spatial ability (Gc) and geographic skills (Geo-s) tended to decrease. Despite the decline, all three (Gf, Gc, and Geo-s) had the potentials for improvement. Thus, geography teachers are encouraged to participate in improving students’ spatial and geographic skills, so students can develop their potentials optimally for geographic skills and future career development.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">564-575</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon Fah Lay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A.L. Chandrasegaran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONTRIBUTION OF TEACHER PREPARATION ON GRADE 8 STUDENTS’ SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT IN TIMSS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career satisfaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">confidence in teaching science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher preparation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708650.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ultimate aim of this research  was to explore the contribution of teacher preparedness or readiness (in terms of their academic background, confidence in teaching science and career satisfaction) towards the achievement in science among Malaysian and Singaporean eighth-graders. The TIMSS 2011 international assessment of student achievement at the eighth grade comprises written tests together with sets of questionnaires that gather information on the educational and social contexts for achievement in science. The TIMSS 2011 science achievement scale was used to gauge Grade 8 students’ science achievement. Confidence in Teaching Science Scale and Teacher Career Satisfaction Scale was used to explore science teachers’ confidence in teaching science and career statisfaction, respectively. Data were obtained from 5,733 Malaysian students and 5,927 Singaporean students who participated in the TIMSS 2011 study using two-stage random sample design.Higher science achievement among Singaporean eighth grade students was related to teachers having more teaching experience, being confident in  science teaching, and being satisfied with  careers . However, these findings were not evident in Malaysia. The findings of such a research may help science educators and policy makers to identify and nurture the strong learning prerequisites of early adolescents in different education systems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">576-589</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539417829.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">745-746</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519059475.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523526357.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180-182</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708155.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">529-530</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544775608.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 17, No. 6, 2018, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">909-910</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529508472.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">361-362</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindelani Mnguni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A DESCRIPTION OF VISUAL LITERACY AMONG THIRD YEAR BIOCHEMISTRY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biochemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biovisual literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">senior aptitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visuo-spatial abilities</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529509197.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of visual models in teaching, learning and research has increased. Consequently, students have to develop various new competencies including visual literacy in order to learn efficiently. However, visual literacy among biochemistry students is not well documented. Using quantitative research methodology, the current research was aimed at determining visual literacy among biochemistry students. The participants were 74 purposefully selected third year undergraduate biochemistry students from the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The data were collected using a Senior Aptitude test and BioVisual Literacy test. The results show that students performed well in the sub-sections of the Senior Aptitude test including patterns test and spatial perception 2D test. They had difficulties with non-verbal reasoning with figures and spatial visualization 3D tests, as well as with the BioVisual Literacy tests. The results suggest that students generally have poor visual literacy, which could affect their ability to comprehend content knowledge in biochemistry. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">486-495</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mui Ken Chin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A PROBLEM-BASED WITH COOPERATIVE MODULE ON SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY OF PRE-SCHOOLERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADDIE model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-schoolers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem-Based Learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching and learning module</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523526704.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research was to design and develop a teaching and learning module using Problem-Based Learning and Cooperative Learning (PBL-CL) and evaluate its effects on scientific creativity of pre-schoolers. The module was developed using the ADDIE instructional design model which included five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Formative evaluation was conducted to determine the reliability, content validity, pedagogical usability and pre-schoolers’ acceptability of the module, which involved five subject matter experts, 10 pre-school teachers, and 30 six-year-old pre-schoolers. The results of formative evaluation indicated an acceptable reliability, good content validity, high acceptability among the pre-schoolers, and high level of pedagogical usability. Finally, a pre- and post-test non-equivalent control group quasi experiment design was employed to determine the effects of the PBL-CL module. A total of 144 six-year-old pre-schoolers from three pre-schools were randomly assigned to PBL-CL group (n=72) and control group (n=72). The finding of Paired Sample T-test and Independent T-test established the effects of the PBL-CL module and would therefore represent a reliable, credible, and effective teaching and learning module for fostering scientific creativity among pre-schoolers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215-228</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hidayah Mohd Fadzil</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DESIGNING INFOGRAPHICS FOR THE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY COURSE: PERSPECTIVES OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">infographic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519059712.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite the existing research on technology use in tertiary education, there is limited scholarly literature on the use of infographics in education or on the effective design of infographics specifically for educational settings. By employing qualitative research, the researcher attempts to explore the learners’ perception of the use of infographics. This research involved the researcher working independently on an in-class research project with 40 third-year undergraduate students. The pre-service science teachers were required to individually create an infographic related to the upper secondary school science curriculum. The findings indicated that the pre-service teachers expressed positive viewpoints about the infographics assignment. When the pre-service teachers were engaged in the learning process, they had a sense of agency and responsibility for their learning. The findings also indicated that this research created a meaningful experience for the pre-service teachers in engaging technology. This research essentially promoted innovations in teaching and learning of the course that encouraged student engagement with technology.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8-18</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera S. Županec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branka N. Radulović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tijana Z. Pribićević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomka G. Miljanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vujadin G. Zdravković</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINATION OF EDUCATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND STUDENTS’ INVOLVEMENT IN THE FLIPPED BIOLOGY CLASSROOM IN PRIMARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flipped classroom</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental effort</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ involvement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519060434.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Flipped Classroom (FC) is a teaching approach in which students gain the first-exposure learning with online materials outside the classroom, and then, in the classroom, they focus on interactive or engaging exercises. Despite its considerable publicity, the studies focused on the FC in primary education are deficient. The aim of this research is to determine efficiency and students’ involvement in the flipped Biology classroom in primary school, compared to the conventional classroom (CC) approach. Educational efficiency and students’ involvement are measured by combining the values of the students’ performance and mental effort on the test. Each task in the test was followed by the 5-point Likert scale for evaluation of invested mental effort. The total sample of this research included 112 students, aged from 12 to 13. The results show that the FC approach contributes to the reduction of the students’ mental effort and an increase in the students’ performance. On the basis of calculated efficiency and students’ involvement of applied teaching approaches, it was concluded that the FC represents a feasible and efficient approach to Biology primary education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162-176</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norjanah Ambo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN INTEGRATED PROJECT-BASED AND STEM TEACHING AND LEARNING MODULE ON ENHANCING SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY AMONG FIFTH GRADERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fifth graders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544860506.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to i) determine the validity, reliability, and appropriateness of an integrated project-based learning and STEM teaching and learning module (PjBL-STEM), and ii) evaluate its effects on the scientific creativity of Fifth Graders. The first phase of evaluation involved seven subject matter experts and 30 Fifth Graders. Data were captured through students’ responses to two 5-point Likert scale questionnaires, open ended questions and scientific creativity test. The second phase of evaluation employed a pre- and post-test non-equivalent control group quasi experiment design. A total of 60 Fifth Graders from two primary schools were randomly assigned to a PjBL-STEM group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The results of the PjBL-STEM evaluation indicated a good content validity and an acceptable reliability with alpha Cronbach's value of .65 to .87. Students showed a moderately high positive perception (m=4.37) towards the PjBL-STEM activities. The positive written responses of students indicated the appropriateness of the module. The result of independent samples t-test established the significant positive effects of the PjBL-STEM on all trait dimensions of scientific creativity. These findings showed that PjBL-STEM provides a reliable, valid, appropriate and effective teaching and learning module to foster the scientific creativity of Fifth Graders. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1017-1033</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gülşah Gürkan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sibel Kahraman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF AN ATTITUDE SCALE TO MEASURE ATTITUDES TOWARDS ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION AND DONATION OF PRESERVICE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organ donation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organ transplantation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544860430.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Today, there is a great discrepancy between the number of recipient patients on waiting lists for an organ transplant and the number of donated organs. Negative attitudes toward organ donation are important factors in the lack of donors. Education is an important tool to change attitudes, so it is important to determine the attitudes of teachers and pre-service teachers. The aim of this research was to develop a reliable and valid scale to evaluate pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards organ transplantation and donation (OTD).
	The attitude scale development process was conducted on three different pre-service teachers’ groups for the purposes of performing the exploratory factor analysis (n=208), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n=480) and test-retest correlation (n=62) of the scale.  
	It was established that the scale had two factor structure consisting of a total of 20 items. It was determined that the two factors determined explain 61.749% of the total variance.  The CFA values confirmed the two-factor model with acceptable goodness of fit indices. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient for the total scale was calculated as .900. Test-retest reliability was calculated as .951.
	Finally, the results demostrated that this scale is able to measure pre-service teachers’ attitudes related to OTD use reliably.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1005-1016</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Derya Kaltakci-Gurel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPTICS INTEREST AND EXPERIENCE SCALE (OIES) AND EXPLORING GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ INTEREST AND EXPERIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geometrical optics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544775899.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this research, the development of the Optics Interest and Experience Scale (OIES) was discussed in the first stage, and the gender differences of prospective teachers in their interest and experience were explored with OIES in the second stage. The data were collected from 228 prospective teachers from eleven universities in Turkey. For content and face validity, a theoretical framework for the OIES was established by a detailed literature review and expert opinions were consulted. For the construct validity, the principal component factor analysis was used. The final form of the scale was composed of 33 items and had two main factors namely: ‘experience’and ‘interest’. A reliability analysis of the instrument revealed Cronbach-Alpha coefficients of .906 for the whole scale, .886 for the experience factor, .851 for the interest factor. MANOVA analysis was conducted to explore gender differences in interest and experience scores of prospective teachers in geometrical optics. There was a statistically significant difference between males and females on the combined dependent variables. When the results for the dependent variables were considered separately, the only difference to reach statistical significance was experience such that females reported slightly higher experience in geometrical optics than males. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">935-944</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iqbal Limatahu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wasis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suyatno Sutoyo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binar Kurnia Prahani</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF CCDSR TEACHING MODEL TO IMPROVE SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS OF PRE-SERVICE PHYSICS TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CCDSR teaching model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service physics teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research and development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418351.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CCDSR teaching model is physics teaching with the scientific activities by design to improve science process skills and its learning. This research was conducted to develop and produce a qualified CCDSR teaching model to improve the science process skills of pre-service physics teachers. The analysis of CCDSR teaching models’ quality was done by using mean validity score, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, Paired t-test, N-gain, and ANOVA test. The results showed that the CCDSR teaching model was proved to be qualified (valid, practical, and effective) to improve the science process skills of pre-service physics teachers. Based on response results was that the CCDSR teaching model can improve the learning skills of science process skills (designing and implementing science process skills learning) owned by pre-service physics teachers. The implication of this research is that the CCDSR teaching model can be an innovative solution to improve science process skills of pre-service physics teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">812-827</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yeşilpinar Uyar M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuba Demirel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Doğanay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF SCIENCE THROUGH AN INTERDISCIPLINARY CURRICULUM: A CASE STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533842524.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the research, the purpose was to implement and evaluate an interdisciplinary curriculum that aimed at developing social sciences pre-service teachers’ understanding and knowledge about the nature of science. This research was based on case study design. In order to collect the research data, the methods of observation, interview and document analysis were used. For the analysis of the data, the inductive content analysis approach was applied. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the curriculum implemented had positive influence on the pre-service teachers’ understanding and knowledge about the nature of science. In this respect, it was found that the curriculum helped develop the participants’ lack of skills and knowledge about the subjects related to “nature of scientific models, nature of observations and values guiding scientists in their work and social lives” included in the content of nature of science. In addition, it was revealed that the pre-service teachers’ lack of readiness made the implementation process difficult. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">728-741</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ludvík Eger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Klement</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Łukasz Tomczyk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mária Pisoňová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriela Petrová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIFFERENT USER GROUPS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR ICT COMPETENCE: EVIDENCE FROM THREE COUNTRIES IN CENTRAL EUROPE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">user groups</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418548.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The preferences in the use of ICT at school and at home are varied among young people due to development of ICT in the 21st century environment. Educators need to pay attention to differences among groups of ICT users and their influence on teaching and the learning process. The purpose  of this research  was to identify the levels of ICT competence of university students and to assess differences in their use  of ICT with special focus on social networks and mobile phones. The questionnaire survey at four universities in three countries was conducted to identify how university students use ICT for learning and out-of-school activities. The participants were 1348 university students. The obtained results only partially confirmed the general assumption that young people (Millennials) in contemporary society are characterized by skilled use of ICT in their everyday life. The application of cluster analysis found four different user groups according to their use of ICT in their life. Educators should be aware of the user groups’ differences among students and take them into account when planning, implementing and evaluating the teaching and learning process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">851-866</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alghamdi, A. K. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saiqa Azam</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIFFERENTIATION IN SAUDI PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHER PROGRAM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">differentiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saudi Arabia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529508952.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saudi students’ science academic performance has declined as evidenced by (TIMSS). Saudi science teachers are characterized as using the lecture format without considering individual student differences and failing to provide differentiated Method (DM). This paper reports on an effort to help female Saudi pre-service science teachers (PSST) develop DI knowledge and skills, striving to discern how they understood and practiced differentiation during their field experience after completing a specially-designed DM-focused university course. A mixed method research design followed a sequential, connected approach wherein quantitative data were collected through classroom observations (N=47) using a Likert scale observation instrument followed by qualitative interviews (n=11). The pre and post averages of differentiated teaching skills in the DM planning stage were statistically significant (p=.0001). The PSSTs moved from very small to moderate mastery on virtually all 10 planning items, from 1.75 to 2.99 on a five-point Likert scale. The DM implementation stage (20 items) also reflected a statistically significant difference with scores moving from 1.68 to 3.01 (moderate mastery). Interview qualitative data confirmed and elucidated the quantitative results. The course was deemed effective in developing PSSTs’ differentiated teaching skills (statistically significant, p=.01). Teaching PSSTs about DM should improve Saudi students’ science academic achievement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">428-445</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anjar Putro Utomo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erlia Narulita</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSIFICATION OF REASONING SCIENCE TEST ITEMS OF TIMSS GRADE 8 BASED ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIAN STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher order thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">point biserial correlation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science test items</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519060370.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to assess the classification of science test items of TIMSS grade 8 based on higher order thinking skills (HOTS) and determine whether those classified-science test items can be an assessment tool in science class. Sixteen sample test items of HOTS were chosen from 37 reasoning items of TIMSS 1999, 2003, and 2011; which were 6 of analysing, 6 of evaluating, and 4 of creating. The selected items were tested to 410 ninth grade students in 14 public schools in Jember, Indonesia. Data were analysed by using point-biserial correlation to measure the index of discrimination and degree of difficulty at items of each level of HOTS test. The result revealed that the point-biserial index of discrimination for each item was higher than 0.25. The degree of difficulty of analysing, evaluating and creating test items exhibited a similar trend, which was in good range. Each test item has significant validity. Whilst reliability analysis showed that each test item was acceptable and indicating a high level of internal consistency. In conclusion, the classified science test items of TIMSS are good to use as assessment tools to measure HOTS of students in science class.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">152-161</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melis Arzu Uyulgan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nalan Akkuzu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATIONAL SHORT VIDEOS TO UTILIZE IN THE BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY: OPINIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biochemistry laboratory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational short video</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimedia learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529509255.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to reveal the opinions of the university students who conducted original educational videos context for the experiments in the Biochemistry laboratory course. Participants were fourth year students (N=40) of the Mathematics and Science Education Department, in Chemistry Education Program. A case study was used and carried out during the Spring term of 2014 at the Faculty of Education of Dokuz Eylul University in Izmir, Turkey. The students designed and took participation in educational short videos. Besides, each group students prepared poster presentations of their video at the end of the 14-week implementation process. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. The interview results of the research showed that learning was more meaningful and valid through this laboratory course because the students attended the course with interest and favor and motivated positively. Eventually, the educational short videos can be a powerful convincing learning tool for students. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">496-523</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alkis Küçükaydın, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF FIFTH-GRADE STUDENTS’ SCIENCE ANXIETY ON METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relational survey model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science anxiety</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418697.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Successful students who do not experience anxiety can participate in future progress both at local and international levels. It is necessary to identify students’ anxiety and to enhance research into the effect of anxiety on the cognitive burden of science, which is one of the top priorities for future progress. Thus, the main aim of this research was to explore the effect of students’ science anxiety on metacognitive awareness. The research, therefore, adopts a relational survey model and uses a random selection sampling method. The sample consisted of 346 students with an equal number of males and females. To explore the effect of fifth-grade students’ science anxiety on metacognitive awareness, data were collected by means of a prepared three-part sample form. The first part of the form collected data about gender, classroom size and school campus. The second part contained an anxiety scale for science and technology lessons and the last part used a metacognitive awareness scale. The research results showed that gender is not an important factor for anxiety or metacognitive awareness, but classroom size has an important effect on science anxiety. Nonetheless, students’ science anxiety is a significant predictor of their metacognitive awareness. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">878-886</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I Gde Wawan Sudatha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I Nyoman Sudana Degeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waras Kamdi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF VISUALIZATION TYPE AND STUDENT SPATIAL ABILITIES ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamic visualization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial ability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">static visualization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708452.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students’ spatial ability plays an important role in instruction with dynamic and static visualizations. This research was aimed at describing 1) the difference in learning achievement between the students who learned from dynamic visualization and static visualization, 2) the difference in learning achievement among students who have high spatial ability and those who have low spatial ability, and 3) the interaction between type of visualization and spatial ability on learning achievement. This research used the non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 115 eighth grade students in Singaraja, Indonesia. The data were collected by learning achievement test and Paper Folding Test. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results showed that:1) there was a significant difference in learning achievement between the students who learned from dynamic visualization and static visualization; 2) there was a significant difference in learning achievement between the students who have high spatial ability and those who have low spatial ability, and 3) there was no interaction between visualization type  and spatial ability on learning achievement. Therefore, the different combination of the types of visualization and sequence of presentation and relation with individual characteristic can be elaborated more in the further research. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">551-563</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suyidno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamad Nur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leny Yuanita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binar Kurnia Prahani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTIVENESS OF CREATIVE RESPONSIBILITY BASED TEACHING (CRBT) MODEL ON BASIC PHYSICS LEARNING TO INCREASE STUDENT’S SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY AND RESPONSIBILITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative responsibility based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">first year students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">responsibility attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519060300.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Creative Responsibility Based Teaching (CRBT) model is an innovative physics-teaching model designed to enhance students’ scientific creativity and responsibility. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the effectiveness of CRBT model to improve scientific creativity and first year students’ responsibility on Basic Physics learning in academic year 2016/2017. This research used one group pre-test and post-test design on 144 students divided into 4 groups at University of Lambung Mangkurat, South Kalimantan (Indonesia). The data collection methods were conducted by using: scientific creativity tests emphasized on unusual uses indicator, problem finding, product improvement, creatively science problem solving, creatively experiment designing, and creatively product design; questionnaire of responsibility emphasized on: participatory indicator, respecting others, cooperation, leadership, and delivering opinion; and interviews. The data analysis technique was done by using paired t-test / Wilcoxon test, n-gain, and ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that there was a significant increase in students’ scientific creativity and responsibility at α = 5%, with n-gain average of moderate category, and both were not different (consistent) for all four groups. Thus, the CRBT model is effective for enhancing students’ scientific creativity and responsibility.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">136-151</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nia Erlina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endang Susantini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wasis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iwan Wicaksono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paken Pandiangan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EVIDENCE-BASED REASONING IN INQUIRY-BASED PHYSICS TEACHING TO INCREASE STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC REASONING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence-based reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544860279.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence-Based Reasoning (EBR) is a framework of inquiry-based teaching for developing scientific reasoning. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of EBR in inquiry-based Physics teaching to improve students' scientific reasoning. Applying Slovin formula for sample determination, the research involved 139 upper-secondary school students with similar prior knowledge. This research used one group pre-test post-test design with replication. The effectiveness of teaching on improving scientific reasoning was analyzed by using Paired Sample T-test. ANOVA was used to analyze the consistency of the teaching effectiveness across in test group. The findings indicated that EBR effectively improved students' scientific reasoning in inquiry-based Physics teaching based on two main grounds. On the first, the significance was ensured by N-gain category of scientific reasoning component, which proved (a) control of variables reaching high category, (b) proportional thinking at moderate category; c) probabilistic thinking reaching moderate category, (d) hypothetical-deductive reasoning attaining low category; and (e) correlational thinking achieving low category. In addition, the level of scientific reasoning has attained the experience characterized by slightly imperfect answers. Students voiced positive response to EBR, which stated that it helped them engage in scientific reasoning in Physics learning. They also voiced the general opinion on EBR and inquiry-based learning in general.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">972-985</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atok Miftachul Hudha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamad Amin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sutiman Bambang Sumitro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sa’dun Akbar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OIDDE LEARNING MODEL IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF BIOETHICS KNOWLEDGE, ETHICAL DECISION,  AND ETHICAL ATTITUDE OF BIOLOGY PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioethics knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ethical attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ethical decisions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OIDDE learning model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544861462.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to (1) compare the effectiveness of OIDDE (Orientation, Identify, Discussion, Decision, and Engage in Behavior) learning model and conventional learning models in improving bioethics knowledge; (2) compare the effectiveness of OIDDE learning model and conventional learning models in improving ethical decision-making abilities; (3) comparing the effectiveness of OIDDE learning model and conventional learning model in improving ethical attitudes. The research design was a quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design pre-test post-test. The research population was the second semester students of the biology pre-service teachers’ department of biology education of the FTTE Muhammadiyah University of Malang. Sampling was done by simple random sampling and obtained 76 students were devided into 37 students in the experimental group and 39 students in the control group. Data collecting is carried out through bioethical knowledge tests, and ethical decision- making, and scoring of ethical attitudes. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA, Kolmogorv-Smirnov, and unpaired T test. The results showed that there were significant differences in the effectiveness of achieving improved bioethics knowledge, ethical decision making, and ethical attitudes between OIDDE and conventional learning models, namely the effectiveness of OIDDE learning models higher than conventional learning models.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">960-971</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ademola Olatide Olaniyan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadaraj Govender</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTIVENESS OF POLYA PROBLEM-SOLVING AND TARGET-TASK COLLABORATIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN ELECTRICITY AMONGST HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conventional teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics students’</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polya problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">target-task</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418165.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research reports on the effectiveness of Polya Problem-Solving and Target-Task collaborative learning approaches in electricity amongst high school physics students. It also includes a gender focus. It was an experimental research with a pre-test post-test control group design. The experimental groups were exposed to Polya Problem-Solving approach and Target-Task collaborative learning approach while the control group were exposed to conventional teaching.  A total of 180 students were selected and divided equally into three groups, 60 (male adolescent and female adolescent) each. The students were initially pre-tested, followed by teaching and learning in electricity using the treatments, and finally they were post-tested using the Performance Test in Current Electricity (PTCE). Data were analyzed quantitatively with descriptive statistics and ANCOVA, and the research hypotheses were tested at .05 alpha level of significance. The research confirmed that both the treatments, Polya Problem-Solving and Target-Task collaborative learning approaches enhanced the performance of the students based on gender and scoring abilities compared with the conventional teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">765-777</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aykut Emre Bozdoğan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF ELECTIVE COURSE DESIGNED WITH DIFFERENT CONTENTS ON PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ORGANIZING CURRICULUM BASED FIELD TRIPS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elective course</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">field trip</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529509014.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examined the effect of a course designed with different content on pre-service science teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and knowledge about organizing curriculum-based trips.  A pre-test post-test quasi experimental design was used in the research. One-hundred and thirty pre-service science teachers participated in the research. The research was carried out within the context of an elective course called “Informal Learning Environments in Science Education” and was conducted over 14 weeks in total for two hours per week. The research data were obtained by means of a questionnaire, self–efficacy scale for designing curriculum-based field trips (CFTSES) and semi-structured focus-group interviews. As a result of the research, it was found that the course content which included in-class and out-of-school setting practices in the 3rd group was the most effective. This was followed by the 2nd group which included only in-class implementations. The first group which was supported with visuals and theoretical related presented information was the group which was the least effected. The results of the research revealed that pre-service science teachers had mainly different concerns about safety, but that this did not deter them, as they still continued to design curriculum-based field trips for learners.     </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">446-461</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Süleyman Yaman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şadiye Karaşah</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF LEARNING CYCLE MODELS ON SCIENCE SUCCESS: A META-ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">effect size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning cycle models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meta-analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science success</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519060007.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This meta-analysis has two objectives: (a) to address the main effects of learning cycle models on students’ success in science; and (b) to address potential moderators of the effect of LC models. This meta-analysis was conducted by calculating the effect size of 75 studies, including theses and journal papers associated with the implementation of LC models published in Turkey. The studies were selected according to the following criteria: experimental studies on LC models in science courses at different educational levels. The studies, which were included within this scope, were carried out between the years of 2004-2016. As possible moderators of LC models; effects, type of publication, educational level, period, sample size and the year of construction were investigated. This moderator analysis indicates that there are significant differences among the effect sizes of the research. Nevertheless, the values of the general effect size of the researches provide a positive outlook to increase the students' science success of the LC models. Considering the effects of LC model on the students’ science success, this research could be helpful to both researchers and practitioners in the field of science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65-83</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zehra Ozdilek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seda Okumus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kemal Doymus</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF MODEL SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE AND INDIVIDUAL LEARNING METHODS ON PROSPECTIVE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF SOLUTIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">individual learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">particulate nature of matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical-analogical models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solution chemistry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544861415.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was conducted to facilitate the conceptual understanding of the solutions that contain abstract concepts and not to understand easily. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applied methods on the achievement level of prospective science teachers and conceptual understanding level at the particulate nature of matter in solution chemistry. The research was conducted with 58 prospective science teachers and a pre-test/posttest non-equivalent quasi-experimental design was used. Three experimental groups were determined as model supported Reading Writing Application method of cooperative learning (n=20), model supported Students Teams Achievement Divisions method of cooperative learning (n=20), and model supported individual learning method (n=18). The data collected with a Particulate Nature of Matter Test (PNMT) and a Module Test (MT). For analyzing data descriptive statistics, one–way ANOVA, and ANCOVA were used. The results showed that there was no significant effect with respect to the achievement level. According to findings from the post test of MT, all groups were more successful in terms of correct understanding of the solutions compared with the pre-tests. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">945-959</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuen-Yi Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Chuan Lu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF PROJECT-BASED ACTIVITIES IN DEVELOPING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ENERGY LITERACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">project-based activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">senior high school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solar-powered insect trap</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418629.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy literacy is a key factor in ensuring the protection of the natural environment. Numerous studies on energy literacy have demonstrated the development of instructional methods to promote the willingness to save energy as a critical research subject. Through a project-based activity, this research explored how hands-on activities improve the energy literacy of students. A quasi-experimental design was adopted, namely a pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group design. In total, 77 senior high school students participated in a 6-week teaching experiment. A single-factor analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multiple regression analyses were employed to analyze the collected data. The main findings were as follows: (1) Project-based hands-on activities helped improve the energy literacy of senior high school students; however, the effect was not statistically significant in both experimental and control groups. (2) The key factor influencing the energy conservation behavior of senior high school students was energy-related attitudes following the project-based learning process. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">867-877</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eylem Yıldız Feyzioğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ercan Akpinar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilgün Tatar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED METACOGNITIVE LEARNING PLATFORM ON STUDENTS’ MONITORING ACCURACY AND UNDERSTANDING OF ELECTRICITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognition prompt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology-enhanced learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519059947.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to explore the effect of a Technology-enhanced Metacognitive Learning Platform (TeMLP) on student’s monitoring accuracy and understanding of electricity. An interactive TeMLP was prepared on the electricity unit covering the topics of static and current electricity for 7th graders; the platform contained computer animations, science experiments, e-diaries, and metacognitive prompts. In this research, pre-test/post-test control group semi-experimental model was used. The Metacognition Scale and Essay Questions on Static and Current Electricity were used as data collection tools in this research. In addition, Essay Questions on the Learning Platform and the self-explanations of students in the learning platform database were also used in the experimental group. The pre-test and post-test comparisons regarding the Metacognition Scale for the group showed that the students in the experimental group had significantly higher post-test scores compared to control group students in terms of the control and monitoring subscales. The results of the essay questions on static and current electricity revealed an important difference between the groups favoring learning platform. The views of the students about the software support these results. The conclusions drawn by the research led to recommendations for researchers about the metacognitive prompts to be employed in technology-enhanced learning platforms.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43-64</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tihomir Lazarević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomka Miljanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera Županec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goran Zarić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF USING BLOG AS A WEB TOOL IN BIOLOGY TEACHING IN HIGH SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">blog in teaching biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT in classroom</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">internet and education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning biology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527728.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Internet is a service where much information from the world of science, technology, fashion and entertainment can be found. With the development of mobile devices, information from the Internet has become available almost everywhere. This fact should be used to help students learn curriculum e-materials from smartphones, tablets and netbooks. One of the Internet services that can be successfully applied in teaching is a blog. This research has analyzed the effects of using blog as a web tool in biology teaching. The sample under research included 171 students divided into two groups: an experimental group which used a blog and a control group in which the teaching was conducted without a blog as a teaching tool. The students from both groups were first tested by means of a pre-test according to which the groups were at the same level of knowledge of biology and after covering the topic of Cytology both groups did the post-test. The research showed that the students who used the blog had statistically a significantly better result on the post-test.  Further research showed that students make equal progress at all levels of knowledge with the help of blogs and that the blog is the most useful to advanced students. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">331-342</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529509362.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">525-528</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544860675.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 17, No. 6, JBSE, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1056-1060</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519060475.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177-180</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418803.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">904-908</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533709368.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">742-744</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527826.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2018</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">357-360</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King-Dow Su</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING STUDENTS’ CORRESPONDING REASONING OF COGNITIVE PERFORMANCES BY ANIMATED CONCEPT MAPPING IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animated concept mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">corresponding reasoning processes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electrochemistry learning performances</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533709066.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of animated concept mapping (ACM) has been linked to an innovative learning skill when conducting students’ guidance of 4 corresponding reasoning processes in electrochemistry. This research aims to establish a new perspective with ACM cognitive reasoning to broaden students’ individual developments of problem-solving skills. It is followed by a quasi-experimental approach of pre-tests, post-tests and retention-tests designed for 274 qualified college students in Taiwan. All data collected from students’ learning performances and feedback is further analyzed by means of achievement covariance, t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Analytical results reveal that ACM facilitates learning comparisons and out-performances in two groups of students in different post-test and retention-test scores. Students’ positive feedback and learning disposition also provide the predominant advantage for participants’ successful reasoning processes. Pedagogical implications suggest that ACM learning performances result in more significant collaborative reasoning.   </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">662-673</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baskoro Adi Prayitno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suciati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eni Titikusumawati</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING STUDENTS’ HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS IN SCIENCE THROUGH INSTAD STRATEGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher order thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INSTAD strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student team’s achievement division</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544860627.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to examine the effectiveness of the INSTAD strategy in comparison to other teaching strategies such as Inquiry, student team’s achievement division (STAD), and lecture method, to reduce the gap of higher order thinking skills between Upper Academic (UA) and Lower Academic (LA) groups of students.The research partipants were 136 7th grade students in total, which consisted of two groups of 36 UA and 36 LA students. The students were selected through a stratified random sampling from 27 Public Junior High Schools in Surakarta, Indonesia. The treatment classes were determined through an intact group. The research design employed pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group of quasi experiment. The higher order thinking skills were measured by essay test sheet as an instrument. Data were analysed by utilizing ANCOVA with the pre-test score as the covariate. The findings revealed that INSTAD have optimally improved higher order thinking skills in comparison with the Inquiry, STAD, and lecture method. INSTAD's were proven able to reduce the gap of higher order thinking skills between UA and LA students rather than Inquiry, STAD, and lecture method as teaching strategies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1046-1055</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sane Hwui Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon Fah Lay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS USING PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (PLS-SEM)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards teaching science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">behavioural intention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partial least square-structural equation modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-Efficacy Beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching motivation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527189.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding teacher’s behavioural intention in teaching science becomes a foundation to improve teacher education programme. Prior to the evaluation of the interrelation between teacher self-efficacy beliefs, teaching motivation, attitudes towards teaching science, and behavioural intention in teaching science, this research examines the reliability and validity of instruments used to measure the constructs. ‘Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument-Form B’ (STEBI-B) was used to measure pre-service science teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs. ‘Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers’ (WTMST) was used to measure teaching motivation. ‘Dimensions of Attitude towards Science’ (DAS) was used to measure attitudes towards teaching science whereas the ‘Behavioural Intention Scale’ was used to measure behavioural intention in teaching science among pre-service science teachers. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling approach was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instruments. Research findings concluded all instruments are valid and reliable to be used in future research. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239-251</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miha Slapničar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valerija Tompa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saša A. Glažar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iztok Devetak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOURTEEN-YEAR-OLD STUDENTS' MISCONCEPTIONS REGARDING THE SUB-MICRO AND SYMBOLIC LEVELS OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sub-micro level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">symbolic level</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708866.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning and presenting chemical concepts at the triple level of chemical concepts provides opportunities for the development of misconceptions. The research aimed to identify potential misconceptions of chemical concepts: the states of matter, a pure substance, a mixture, an element, a compound, a physical change, and a chemical reaction at the sub-micro level when solving problems incorporating sub-microrepresentations. A total of 188 14-year old students, attending six different primary schools, participated in the research. A chemistry achievement test comprising five problems at the macroscopic, sub-micro, and symbolic levels was used to obtain data about students' misconceptions of selected concepts. The results showed that the majority of students had formed inadequate mental models (misconceptions) for the chemical concept of the liquid state of water (66.5%). The lowest level of misconceptions is related with the gaseous state of matter, because almost all students (98.5%) solved the problem correctly. It can be concluded that the results of the research are significant for chemistry teachers because they can: select and apply adequate educational strategies to avoid the deepening or development of misconceptions and make the courses practically oriented by analysing students’ misconceptions and develop teaching strategies to minimise these problems in the chemistry classroom.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">620-632</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regina Soobard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helen Semilarski</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Holbrook</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GRADE 12 STUDENTS’ PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACY TOWARDS WORKING LIFE SKILLS AND CURRICULUM CONTENT PROMOTED THROUGH SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">core ideas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science curriculum topics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">working life skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418472.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was based on the concern that students didn’t see the need for the acquisition of science skills and knowledge perceived as important in relation to different society issues and the world of work. The aim was to determine gymnasium students perceived self-efficacy towards working life skills as well as science curriculum, content-related topics. The sample was composed of grade 12 (N=1375) 18-19-year-old students. Data were obtained using a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire seeking to determine students’ perceived self-efficacy towards working life skills and topics in the science curriculum linked to disciplinary core ideas. In general, students perceived their self-efficacy to be above average towards most needed working life skills. However, it was much lower in areas related to problem-solving skills and understanding the nature of science. Results also indicated that the self-efficacy associated with purely Physics curriculum-related topics stood out as being much lower than for the other school science subject areas. Findings suggested there was a need to re-thinking the way science content was presented to students and to consider whether and how this could be restructured around core ideas in science in order to promote the development of problem-solving skills as an important aspect in enhancing working life skills. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">838-850</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilge Can</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asiye Bahtiyar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasret Kökten</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HERMENEUTIC PERSPECTIVES OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS ABOUT SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hermeneutical perspective</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hermeneutics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-Service Science Teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scenario-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418221.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education emphasizes the development of individuals' ability to make comments, reasoning, and critical reflection while expressing their scientific thoughts. In this sense, future science teachers have great responsibility to develop those skills of the learners and their meaningful learning. Many researches emphasize hermeneutical thinking for disciplines such as mathematics and science to create meaningful learning. The current research aimed to reveal pre-service science teachers’ hermeneutical perspectives about science and to determine their existing ideas. For this aim, scientific problems presented to pre-service science teachers via scenarios, and how they developed their approaches to solve these problems, and whether they used hermeneutics in this process were examined. The hermeneutical perspectives of pre-service teachers were selected as a single case -by using qualitative research method- to have a deep understanding of their hermeneutical perspectives. The research group consisted of nine third-year-students. Semi-structured interviews prepared by the researchers were applied before and after the intervention in the research conducted for 14 weeks in Science Teaching Laboratory Applications-I course. The data were analysed by a descriptive analysis method. It has been evidenced that science-related hermeneutical perspectives of the pre-service science teachers have developed as a result of the problem-based scenario studies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">778-799</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Ugras</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HEURISTIC REASONING OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS IN CHEMISTRY TOPICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intuitive judgments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527782.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present research is to explain how the heuristics utilized by the students in a multiple choice examination on the general chemistry subject of “chemical bonding theories and molecular structures” caused biases on intuitive judgment and decision making processes, using the three characteristics of associative memory (attribute substitution, fluency process and associative coherence). A mixed-methods approach, both qualitative and quantitative research methods, were used in this research. Therefore, both questionnaire and individual interview were utilized to collect data. The results of the current research demonstrated that the participants used 4 different decision making strategies. Detailed evaluation of these strategies demonstrated that most of the participants did not prefer the processes related to the use of chemical knowledge and thus, were not able to assess the target attribute. Furthermore, it was identified that most of the students’ decision making processes were dependent on one or more of these three associative memory processes. It was also determined by this research that the most dominant of these three associative memory processes is the fluency effect, since participants often prefer to use superficial features. The dependence of participants on associative memory processes caused various biases, so participants often responded incorrectly to questions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">343-356</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arif Rachmatullah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sariwulan Diana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minsu Ha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDENTIFYING INDONESIAN UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ORIENTATIONS TO LEARN SCIENCE AND GENDER EFFECT THROUGH THE USE OF STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptions of learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning orientations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multi-group analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708941.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research is to examine Indonesian upper-secondary school students’ learning orientation in science via generating structural equation modeling of conceptions of, approaches to and self-efficacy in learning science, and seeking whether the model is significantly different based on gender. A total of 600 (63% females) Indonesian upper-secondary school students completed a questionnaire with three constructs – conceptions of, approach to and self-efficacy in learning science. Rasch analysis was conducted before testing the hypothesized model to examine the psychometric aspects of the instruments. Structural equation modeling featured with multi-group analysis-based gender was used to respond to the main research purpose. Findings indicated that the Indonesian upper-secondary school students had multiple conceptions of as well as multiple approaches to science learning that led to different senses of self-efficacy. Multiple conceptions and mixed approaches are the characteristics of students with achieving orientations. Most importantly, the current research found that conceiving learning science as memorizing was considered as the basis for the higher level of conceptions. The model significantly differed based on gender. Three main differences were Indonesian female students tended to be more conceiving science learning as memorization, using more surface motive and their self-efficacy was more impacted by their higher level of conceptions – applying and understanding than males. Based on findings, gender issues in orientations to studying and Indonesian science education curriculum are discussed. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">633-648</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasene Esra Yildirir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hatice Demirkol</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDENTIFYING MENTAL MODELS OF STUDENTS FOR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical change</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544860367.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The right and wrong mental models that learners have about the changes in the matter have a great importance in understanding the basis of the chemistry. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to identify students’ misconceptions with regard to physical and chemical change and to come up with models to explain their understanding of this topic. This research was qualitative descriptive with cross-sectional design. The participants were 148 6th graders in Kütahya which is a western city of Turkey. The data were collected through a questionnaire containing five open-ended questions. Additionally, for a more detailed analysis, 28 participants were interviewed to explore the mental models that emerged. Analysis of responses to the questionnaire generated four mental models (Particle Motion Model, Moving Away Particle Model, Particle Motion+Moving Away Particle Model, Macro Model) for physical change and three mental models for chemical change (Changing Particle Model, Moving Away Particle Model and Macro-Micro Change Model). Implications of these results for chemistry education were discussed. Mental models defined in the research can enable teachers of science and researchers to identify difficulties faced by students regarding physical and chemical changes; thus, they can effectively decide which approach to take on to devise scientific models. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">986-1004</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheikha Al-Araimi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdullah Ambusaidi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammed Selim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammed Al Amri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF CARICATURE DRAWINGS IN THE ACQUISITION OF SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS AND ATTITUDES OF 4TH GRADE STUDENTS FOR BASIC EDUCATION TOWARDS SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">caricature drawings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific concepts</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529508870.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to examine the impact of caricature drawings in the acquisition of scientific concepts and attitudes of 4th grade students for basic education towards science. The sample of the research consisted of 162 students from 4th grade. 
The results revealed that there were statistically significant differences at (p = .001) between the two groups in acquisition of scientific concepts in favour of experimental group. In addition to that, females scored significantly more than males in the post-test (p = .001), whereas the interaction between group and gender was not significant. 
The results also indicated that there were statistically significant differences (p = .001) between the two group in the attitudes towards science in favour of experimental group scores. The gender also has a significant impact on developing positive attitudes towards science in favour of females, whereas the interaction between group and gender was not significant. Finally, there was a statistically significant difference (p = .001) between pre- and post-application of students’ attitudes towards science scale in favour of post-application for the experimental group. Accordingly, the research recommends the use of caricature drawings to help students’ in the acquisition of scientific concept and developing positive attitudes towards science.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">414-427</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manihar Situmorang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marudut Sinaga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jamalum Purba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sapnita Idamarna Daulay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murniaty Simorangkir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marham Sitorus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajat Sudrajat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE CHEMISTRY LEARNING MATERIAL WITH GUIDED TASKS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ COMPETENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guided tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">independent learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">innovative learning material</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ competence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708387.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to provide an innovative chemistry learning material with guided tasks to improve students’ competence in Chemistry. It involved 180 students enrolled in the Analytical Chemistry course at State University of Medan in academic year of 2016/2017. The samples were purposively selected and divided into two groups. The research consisted of several steps including enrichment, innovation and standardization of learning material, followed by implementation of the developed learning material in class. A set of good quality learning material equipped with the guided task for Gravimetry topic has been provided. It contained relevant contextual examples, laboratory works, students’ activities, multimedia, and hyperlink to trustworthy websites. Implementation of innovative learning material has been conducted by using a set of developed learning material in the experimental class while the existing textbook was used in the control class. The research findings highlighted several points: (1) well-implemented innovative learning material was effective to improve the students’ competence; (2) learning outcome in experimental class was found higher than that in control class; (3) the guided task in the learning package facilitated the students to learn the selected chemistry topic independently which in turn shifted student learning style from lecturer-oriented to student-oriented; (4) the guided task not only made the students be familiar with searching for scientific documents to complete the given tasks but also improved the students’ ability to write and organize their assignments; (5) students’ academic attitudes, observed during the learning activities, were categorized as very good.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">535-550</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sibel   Kaya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Temiz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF STUDENT QUESTIONS IN PRIMARY SCIENCE CLASSROOMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high-level questions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">question taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student questions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418279.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Even though student questioning is the key aspect of inquiry learning, students ask very few questions in Science classrooms. This research aimed to increase the number of high-level questions posed by primary students during science lessons. An experiment was designed in which the experimental group was taught about the taxonomy of questions that can be asked by students during a science lesson. The quality of selected student questions was discussed as a whole class throughout the implementation. In addition, the experimental group completed the textbook activities at the end of each section in groups, whereas, the control group finished these activities individually. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks (12 lessons), during the ‘Microscopic Organisms and Environment’ unit in two 4th-grade classrooms. After completing each section of the unit, student questions were collected. The questions were classified as either low-level or high-level questions. The findings showed that in the experimental group, there were significantly more high-level questions compared to the control group. The questions were longer and more comprehensive in the experimental group. In both groups, as students’ achievement increased, so did the number of questions they asked.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">800-811</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joaquín Martínez-Torregrosa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruben Limiñana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asunción Menargues</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rafael Colomer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IN-DEPTH TEACHING AS ORIENTED-RESEARCH ABOUT SEASONS AND THE SUN/EARTH MODEL: EFFECTS ON CONTENT KNOWLEDGE ATTAINED BY PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">astronomy education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519203761.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-service primary teachers mostly have negative attitudes towards science teaching and learning, and their science background is usually low. This usually results in them feeling unable or unconfident to teach science at school. A previous step to improve their willingness to teach science to children is that they feel they can learn in-depth any science core idea. To do that, a course conducted as oriented-research about a core science problem was developed and used to evaluate the influence of their previous science background and initial attitudes towards science teaching and learning on content knowledge attainment. The chosen science idea was about diurnal astronomy (Sun movements and the Sun/Earth model). Content knowledge attainment was assessed using learning indicators, which represent what pre-service teachers should “know” and “know how” on this science core idea. Overall, pre-service teachers achieved high learning levels on this topic, and no significant differences in content knowledge attained by students according to both initial attitudes and science background were found. This suggests that this teaching methodology could be useful for pre-service teachers to achieve a thorough knowledge on science core ideas, which is considered to be an important step to improve their willingness to teach science at the primary school.     </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97-119</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shyang-Chyuan Fang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL EDUCATION ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION OF PRE-SCHOOLERS: A CASE STUDY OF SELF-DESIGNED PICTURE BOOK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">parent-child reading</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">parenting education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picture book</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pro-environmental behavior</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523526565.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental problems nowadays pose threats to the sustainability of environment, such as global warming, urban air pollution, water scarcity, environmental noise, and biodiversity loss. The root cause of those problems is human behavior. Inspiring the interest of preschoolers is crucial in their future cognition of the environment. This research discussed the influence of parent-child reading on the children’s environmental interest. It also integrated environmental education into the learning process of preschoolers more comprehensively and continuously. A questionnaire was used for data collection and the data were analyzed using Smart PLS 2.0. The results show that personality trait, visual attention, and expression of ideas have statistical significance in terms of the children’s learning attitude. The picture book designed in this study can improve the pro-environmental behavior after parent-child reading.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187-199</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERCULTURAL LEARNING: CHALLENGES FOR CURRENT SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">communicative environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational reality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intercultural teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708323.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the time of curricular reforms across the Europe another chance appeared towards increasing learners´ interest in science education, particularly in relation to the future job selection in the field of natural sciences and technology. 
New challenge penetrating through all above mentioned “ways” and “problems” of science education is intercultural aspect, intercultural teaching and learning in science education. 
In the educational reality we can find recently different contributions to implementation of intercultural context into curriculum, but maths and science education is not frequently included. The ambience to fill this gap has the current project from framework Erasmus+ with acronym IncluSMe. The acronym means “Intercultural Learning in Mathematics and Science Initial Teacher Education” and project activities focus on increasing the quality of the initial teacher’s education of prospective mathematics and science teachers by including intercultural learning into their curricula: Prospective mathematics and science teachers need to learn how to cope with language barriers, culturally different pre-concepts about science and highly varying proficiencies of students (immigrants including) to be prepared to tackle the challenges of their future profession (IncluSMe Project, 2016).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">532-534</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagnija Cēdere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inese Jurgena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilija Targamadze</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEREST OF LATVIAN AND LITHUANIAN STUDENTS IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and mathematics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching/learning process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519059864.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interest is one of the most important components for a successful teaching/learning process; unfortunately, nowadays students’ interest in science and mathematics is decreasing. The aim of the research is to explore the cognitive interest of 15-year- old students in science and mathematics. Students in Latvia and Lithuania participated in the survey; the data show that students’ cognitive interest in this area in both countries is mediocre. The factor analysis was used to single out four main dimensions of the cognitive interest – interest in the context, interest in mathematics, inquiry interest and enthusiasm. Students’ interest is higher in issues connected with practical life, the solution of real problems, but much lower if the problem to be solved needs effort, if they have to use mathematical tools. Enthusiasm is not characteristic for students. Only few respondents are willing to engage in science and mathematics in their leisure time. Latvian and Lithuanian students show slight differences in their interests. There are more Lithuanian students, who like mathematics and who are not afraid of difficulties. Latvian students, in their turn, show greater enthusiasm. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31-42</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sein Shin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arif Rachmatullah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minsu Ha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-Ki Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A LONGITUDINAL TRAJECTORY OF SCIENCE LEARNING MOTIVATION IN KOREAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic track</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">group based trajectory modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">longitudinal study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning motivation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533709152.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examined longitudinal trajectories of Korean students’ motivation to learn science using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM). The changes in five motivational constructs were focused in this research: self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, grade motivation, self-determination, and career motivation. In addition, the relationship between academic track of students and each trajectory group was examined. Using Science Motivation Questionnaire II, data from 255 male high school students were collected during five semesters. Longitudinal data were analyzed by GBTM.. Chi-square analysis was also conducted to examine the relationships between academic track and each trajectory. As a result, it was found that students shared the same trajectory patterns in self-efficacy. Otherwise, two distinct trajectory groups (‘high’ and ‘low’) were found in each four constructs. There were significant correlations between academic track and trajectory groups. The findings of this research suggest that Korean science educators need to consider individual student’s longitudinal trajectory of motivation to provide better science teaching and learning. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">674-687</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgios Tsaparlis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ORGANIZING AND ATTENDING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative projects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">international conferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544775774.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conferences, and especially international conferences, have become an integral part of a scientist’s activities. The attendees are, as a rule, academics and their graduate students, with the latter usually accompanying their supervisors. In addition to recent graduates undertaking full-time research, the term graduate student can also apply to part-time research students, including teachers who often adopt an action research approach, using their own classes as the focus of their studies. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">912-917</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF JOURNAL OF BALTIC SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic publishing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographic diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JBSE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific journal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529508576.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Education is a multidisciplinary field of study with roots about three centuries ago. Researches in this field were published for the first time in a scientific journal with School Science and Mathematics, which started in 1901. The number of scientific journals in Science Education has increased in parallel with the increase in the number of related research. The published literature is sometimes about trending topics. In some other cases, they offer novelty and new paradigms. Last 50 years of Science Education are shaped by various topics. Hence, these different issues are being published in scientific journals. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">364-366</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joko Siswanto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endang Susantini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRACTICALITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IBMR TEACHING MODEL TO IMPROVE PHYSICS PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bachelor programs’ students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IBMR teaching model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model effectiveness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model practicality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics problem solving skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529508735.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The design of a teaching model must qualify to be applicable or practical and effective, therefore the research aimed to analyze the practicality and effectiveness of the IBMR (Investigation-Based Multiple Representation) teaching model in improving physics problems solving skills of bachelor programs’ students. The research was conducted by applying the one-group pre-test and post-test pre-experimental design to 186 students of study program of physics education, mathematics education, and mechanical engineering. The practicality of the model is assessed using an observation sheet and the effectiveness is determined based on pre-test and post-test physics problem solving skills. The collected data were analyzed using the calculation of average scores of the feasibility of each phase of the IBMR, t-test, and n-gain. The results show that each phase of the IBMR teaching model can be implemented by a lecturer with good and reliable categories, and relevant student activities, so that the IBMR teaching model is practicality qualified. It is also effective shown by: there are increasing score of physics problem solving skills at  = 5%, average n-gain with moderate categorized and not different or consistent for each pair of groups, and good-categorized students’ responses on each component of teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">381-394</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kilic Depren, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREDICTION OF STUDENTS’ SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT: AN APPLICATION OF MULTIVARIATE ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES AND REGRESSION TREES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">machine learning algorithms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418761.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turkey is ranked at the 54th out of 72 countries in terms of science achievement in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey conducted in 2015, which is a very big disappointment for that country. The aim of this research was to determine factors affecting Turkish students’ science achievements in order to identify the improvement areas using PISA 2015 dataset. To achieve this aim, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) approaches were used and these approaches were compared in terms of model accuracy statistics. Since Singapore was the top performer country in terms of science achievement in PISA 2015 survey, the analysis results of Turkey and Singapore were compared to each other to understand the differences. The results showed that MARS outperforms the CART in terms of measuring the prediction of students’ science achievement. Furthermore, the most important factors affecting science achievements were environmental optimism, home possessions and science learning time (minutes per week) for Turkey, while the index of economic, social and cultural status, environmental awareness and enjoyment of science for Singapore.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">887-903</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao-Na Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hua Xiao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PREDICTIONS ON STUDENT LEARNING DIFFICULTIES IN THE DOMAIN OF MECHANICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanics domain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers’ predictions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student learning difficulties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students` knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533709007.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ability to predict students’ ideas or performances is commonly recognized as an indicator to measure teachers’ knowledge of student learning difficulties. This research focuses on identifying pre-service science teachers’ knowledge of student learning difficulties on Mechanics, as well as comparing pre-service science teachers’ predictions to student reasoning on the causes of their learning difficulties. The populations consist of 479 pre-service science teachers and 1,020 students taking physics as a separate science course. Two versions of the questionnaires are designed, with teacher- and student- oriented questions separately. From the results, inconsistencies are observed between two groups of populations. Pre-service science teachers either over- or under-predict student learning difficulties in some special domains. The results show that the physics content knowledge factor attracts great attention from both students and pre-service science teachers as the cause of student learning difficulties. The research results are important for pre-service science teachers to realize the gap between their own perspectives and students’ actual learning difficulties.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">649-661</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Päivi Kousa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maija Aksela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferk Savec, V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS´ BELIEFS ABOUT THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF STSE BASED SCHOOL-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION AND PRACTICES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school-industry collaboration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sience teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STSE issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers´ beliefs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544860568.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School-industry collaboration can be an effective way to implement STSE issues to teaching. However, teachers´ negative beliefs, lack of knowledge, resources, support and opportunities to collaborate with companies can impede the efficient implementation. In this case-study, 42 Finnish and Slovenian pre-service teachers´ STSE beliefs were first examined before and after the school-industry collaboration course by survey. After the course, beliefs of 8 Finnish pre-service teachers were analyzed in more detail by open-ended questionnaires and reflective writing. The pre-service teachers were more confident to teach STSE issues after the course in both countries. However, they needed more support and knowledge from the community members they collaborated with (i.e. representatives of industries, university teacher, student colleagues and school teachers). The industry-based teaching material was considered beneficiary especially for mixed-ability classrooms and the whole course was regarded useful for future practices. The results of this research highlight the importance of pre-service teacher education and practices with STSE issues. The positive and negative beliefs should be examined frequently already during the pre-service education in order to develop tools for teacher support and encouragement. This research promotes a practical example and ideas of a local school-company collaboration. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1034-1045</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eunsang Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyuksoo Kwon</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY STUDENTS' STEREOTYPIC IMAGE OF INVENTOR IN KOREA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invention education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inventor images</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Korea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology Education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527246.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research is to compare the previous stereotypes of the scientist image and the current stereotypes of the inventor image among Korean students. For this purpose, three primary schools located in the metropolitan area of Korea were selected under a convenience sampling method, with one class selected for each of the 2nd, 4th, and 6th grades of each school. 
The conclusions of this research are as follows. First, analyzing students' stereotypes of the inventor image showed that older students had more stereotypes about inventors than younger students did. Second, as a result of analyzing the images according to each indicator, Korean students were found to have stereotypes about the inventor. Third, the symbol of research was expressed together with one of the science-related experiment tool and the making-related experiment tool. Fourth, primary students perceived the inventor as mainly male. Male students mostly drew male inventors and female students mostly drew female inventors.
Based on the conclusions obtained through this research, various educational implications to be reflected in primary technology education were suggested to escape the stereotypes of the inventor’s image.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">252-266</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cem Gerçek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ COGNITIVE STRUCTURES CONCERNING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND THEIR DEGREE OF UNDERSTANDING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degree of understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flow map</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meaningful learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">protein synthesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519059794.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of education is to actualise meaningful learning. Therefore, researching the issues on how students process information and how they configure it is important for meaningful learning. The issue of protein synthesis contains a number of abstract topics and concepts. Hence, it is important in biology teaching to be informed of students’ cognitive structures concerning protein synthesis. This research aims to analyse prospective teachers’ cognitive structures about protein synthesis and their degree of understanding the subject. The research group was composed of 17 volunteering prospective teachers who had been chosen through purposeful sampling. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Flow maps and content analysis were used in analysing the data. The results demonstrated that prospective teachers had too many misconceptions about protein synthesis and that their knowledge extent and rich connection are inadequate. The prospective teachers’ degree of understanding protein synthesis was divided into three categories. The results obtained in this research suggested that teachers should be careful in teaching the subject of protein synthesis. Students’ prior knowledge and their misconceptions should be determined and content or contexts to facilitate them to learn an abstract subject such as protein synthesis should be presented.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-30</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andreja Barle Lakota</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PSYCHOSOCIAL AND COGNITIVE INFLUENCE OF ICT ON COMPETENCES OF STEM STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive competences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychosocial influence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social competences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527323.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information and communications technology (ICT) shapes life and work in every educational system. Where to place ICT in the pedagogical process and how it affects students' psychosocial and cognitive abilities are questions that do not have one definitive answer. The research addresses the intense introduction of ICT that accords with educational trends and the requirements of today’s society, but sometimes neglects social competences and any potential psychosocial effects. A need for new and effective methods in upbringing and education to offer everyone, equal opportunities become more and more important in the “world of the 21st century”. The research also proved that innovative didactic methods of teaching (4.0) using a transdisciplinary model and supported by state-of-the-art information and communications technology as well as cooperative learning, have a positive psychosocial effect on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) students. Students who experience innovative didactic teaching supported by ICT reach higher taxonomic, cognitive and social standards of competence and are thus better prepared for the challenges of future society. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267-276</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erdoğan Özdemir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Coramik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REASONS OF STUDENT DIFFICULTIES WITH RIGHT-HAND RULES IN ELECTROMAGNETISM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">magnetism education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">right-hand rule</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial cognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vector algebra</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527660.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In electromagnetism, to determine the direction of the electromagnetic force and magnetic field, the right-hand rule (RHR) is used. Previous researches show that students have difficulty in applying the RHR. This research is aimed to find out the factors which make it difficult for the students to apply the RHR. To achieve this, qualitative case study design is used and 270 students who took Basic Physics II course at university participated. The Right-Hand Rule-Diagnostic Test (RHR-DT) and the unstructured interview were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, firstly, the right-hand types used by the students were determined. Then the right-hand types used by the students in the solution of each task are presented. After that, eight of these students were interviewed about their RHR-DT answers and those interviews were video recorded. Video recordings are divided into three categories according to the level of students: upper, middle and lower. According to the results of this research, it can be said that the conceptual understanding of electromagnetism, the vector algebra and spatial cognition effect the usage of the RHR. In the light of research results, suggestions were made for the teaching of RHR to physics teachers. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">320-330</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fayadh Hamed Alanazi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAUDI CHILDREN’S TAXONOMIC KNOWLEDGE OF ANIMAL SPECIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animal taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">early year's science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Islamic science worldview</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-cultural perspective</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529508794.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research was to explore and compare the ideas of Saudi boys and girls on animal species. Eighty-four children (comprising 42 boys and 42 girls), aged nine years, from four primary schools, participated in structured interviews to determine their ideas pertaining to taxonomic labels, namely ‘animal’, ‘fish’, ‘amphibian’, ‘reptile’, ‘bird’, ‘mammal’, and ‘insect’. The results demonstrated that Saudi children of both genders display a wide range of alternative conceptions; more specifically, the effect of gender was significant for all taxonomic vertebrate labels, suggesting that Saudi boys have better knowledge relating to animals than girls. However, generally, children did not have adequate forms of reasoning for biological classification. It was also found that none of the fourth graders thought of humans as animals due to the Islamic science worldview. Based on these findings, it is argued that science education, notably in an international context, should strive to incorporate an understanding of local values and beliefs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">395-413</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zulfiani Zulfiani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iwan Permana Suwarna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sujiyo Miranto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION ADAPTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM AS A COMPUTER-BASED SCIENCE LEARNING WITH LEARNING STYLE VARIATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adaptive learning system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer-based instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning style</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning media</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533709271.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students with their different learning styles also have their own different learning approaches, and teachers cannot simultaneously facilitate them all. Teachers’ limitation in serving all students’ learning styles can be anticipated by the use of computer-based instructions. This research aims to develop ScEd-Adaptive Learning System (ScEd-ASL) as a computer-based science learning media by accommodating students’ learning style variations. The research method used is a mixed method at junior high schools in Tangerang Selatan. The final product of the research is a special learning media appropriate to students’ visual, aural, read/write and kinesthetic learning styles.  The uniqueness of the media is its form of integrated science materials, accommodating fast and slow learners, and appropriate to their learning styles. ScEd-Adaptive Learning System as a developed computer-based science learning media was declared as good and valid by four media experts and five learning material experts.  ScEd-ALS for kinesthetic style has a high effectivity to improve students learning mastery (100%), consecutively aural (63%), read/write (55%), and visual (20%).  This media development can be continued with the Android version or iOS to make it more operationally practical.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">711-727</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">André Du Plessis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS AND AT TERTIARY LEVEL: STATUS QUO OR EMBRACING CHANGE?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social justice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tertiary system</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523526498.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Society is changing as the influence of technologies and the implementation of innovative practices are driving change. Change and innovation are not simple processes for all (Rogers, 2003). Yet, companies, corporates and small business are managed and lead to ensure not only efficiency, but also to yield the best possible financial gain. When one analises change in the world of commerce, one does not have to be a rocket scientist to come to the conclusion that there have been tremendous changes. Not only has the ergonomics of buildings and factories changed, there has also been change pertaining to the number of people employed, as technologies afford opportunities to make certain positions that people occupied, redundant. Robotic tools are used more and more in the manufacturing chain to increase productivity and to ensure greater quality, or so we are informed. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">184-186</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirjam Burget</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emanuele Bardone</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margus Pedaste</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrin Saage</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE EMERGENCE OF RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">abductive content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">responsibility as care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Responsible Research and Innovation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708724.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has recently gained wider importance in the European Union (EU) as an emergent framework informing the governance of science. While a growing body of literature describing RRI and its main conceptual dimensions has appeared in the last seven years or so and in several policy documents, the European Commission has emphasized the need to promote science education in the RRI context, there is no theoretical elaboration of how RRI can be meaningfully integrated into the practice of science education. In order to address this problem, the present research aimed at inquiring into the way in which science teachers make sense of RRI in school. Data were gathered with individual semi-structured interviews from 29 science teachers working in comprehensive schools and hobby schools. Abductive content analysis combining data and conceptual dimensions of RRI was used. In the light of how the science teachers in our sample have made sense of RRI, four theoretical categories have emerged: (1) meaning making; (2) taking action; (3) exploring; and (4) inclusion. These findings have important implications for developing a theory of RRI which can be beneficial for researchers as well as teachers for meaningfully integrating RRI into science education. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">590-604</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekir Yıldırım</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabri Sidekli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM APPLICATIONS IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION: THE EFFECT OF STEM APPLICATIONS ON DIFFERENT DEPENDENT VARIABLES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics pre-service teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523526639.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the research is to analyze the effect of STEM applications on mathematics pre-service teachers' mathematical literacy self-efficacy, technological pedagogical knowledge and mathematical thinking skills and their views on STEM education. This research has been carried out by 29 mathematics pre-service teachers who are schoolers at the educational faculties of Mus Alparslan University. The research was completed in 10 weeks (3 hours per week) in spring semester of 2016-2017 academic year. Mixed research approach was used in the study. &quot;Mathematical Literacy Self-Sufficiency Scale&quot;, &quot;Mathematical Thinking Scale&quot;, &quot;Technological Pedagogical Area Information Scale&quot; and &quot;STEM Interview Form for Mathematics Pre-service Teachers&quot; were used as data collection instruments. The collected data were analyzed, and it was certain that the STEM applications positively affected the pre-service teachers' mathematics literacy self-efficacy and technological pedagogical content knowledge. However, STEM applications were not seemed to have a positive effect on mathematical thinking. Moreover, when the opinions of the pre-service teachers were examined, it was identified that the STEM applications changed positively the opinions of the pre-service teachers about the mathematical literacy, and that they lacked many subjects such as field knowledge and pedagogy knowledge about STEM education. Suggestions were made in the direction of the findings obtained. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">200-214</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aslı Sarışan-Tungaç</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Süleyman Yaman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgin Bal-Incebacak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ VIEWS OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY IN A CREATIVE DRAMA ACTIVITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative drama</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">views of scientific inquiry (VOSI)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529508634.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the most important objectives of the science education includes helping students to think about the nature of scientific inquiries like a scientist and keep this point of view in order to understand the events occurring around them. This research aims to (1) compare secondary school students’ views -who have creative drama &amp; conventional education- about scientific inquiry, (2) and whether the experimental and control group students’ views about scientific research differ depending on gender after process. Pre-experimental design with control group was used in this research. The sample of this research consisted of 130 students of 6th grade secondary school in Samsun, Turkey. The data were collected by using VOSI-E questionnaire. Data collected with VOSI-E were analyzed using grouping standards, and students were classified as novice, transition and expert. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and nonparametric chi-square test. Research results show that when compared to conventional activities in terms of developing positive views about scientific inquiry, creative drama activities lead higher number of students to expert level. Also, it was found out that the number of students in expert category in experimental group was higher than those in control group at the end of education process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">367-380</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zulirfan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zanaton H. Iksan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamisah Osman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sayyidah Nusaibah Mohd Salehudin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TAKE-HOME-EXPERIMENT: ENHANCING STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Take-Home-Experiment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teaching Science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418416.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One classic problem in science education that is still happening today is the lack of learners’ involvement in scientific activity. This may lead to not instilling positive scientific attitudes and the fostering of positive attitudes towards science is an important aspect that could promote greater interest towards science. The Take-Home-Experiment strategy is an attempt to implement an alternative strategy to ascertain whether its implementation promotes a positive attitude towards science among lower secondary school students. A quasi-experimental design was used to determine the effect of the T-H-E strategy on students' scientific attitudes.  A total of 151 students in Form 2 from a lower secondary school at Pekanbaru Indonesia were divided into three groups: T-H-E group, Laboratory-Experimental group and Conventional group. The research used a questionnaire instrument on scientific attitude which consisted of 31 items with a Cronbach alpha reliability index of 0.68. The result of a one-way ANOVA shows that there was a significant difference in scientific attitude of students among these 3 groups. The mean score (mean = 3.21) for scientific attitude of the T-H-E group was higher compared to both the laboratory-experimental group (mean = 3.07) and the conventional group (mean = 2.91). This research found that the use of the Take-Home-Experiment strategy in teaching science has the potential to enhance lower secondary school students’ scientific attitude. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">828-837</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heri Retnawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janu Arlinwibowo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nidya F. Wulandari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rian G. Pradani</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ DIFFICULTIES AND STRATEGIES IN PHYSICS TEACHING AND LEARNING THAT APPLYING MATHEMATICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">difficulties and strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics mastery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519060221.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In a teaching and learning process, the mastery of mathematics would support students in learning physics. The aim of the research is to analyse the difficulties of physics teachers’ in conducting teaching and learning process that demands the requirements of mathematical concepts in senior high schools. The research was a qualitative research using phenomenological approach. The data were collected through focus group discussion (FGD) that involved 15 teachers from public and private senior high schools in the Kudus Regency, the Province of Central Java, Indonesia. The analysis was conducted by applying the Bogdan &amp; Biklen model. The results of the research showed several findings if there had been problems of un-synchronism in the material orders of mathematics and physics that hindered the teaching and learning process. The strategies that physics teachers had applied individually are teaching mathematics materials as prerequisite first and making module collaboratively. The new arrangement of teaching and learning materials in mathematics and physics are needed to cover the problems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120-135</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Vidak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nataša Erceg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elvedin Hasović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Senad Odžak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanes Mešić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING ABOUT ROLLING MOTION: EXPLORING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN EXTREME CASE REASONING APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analogy-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extreme case reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rolling motion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529509326.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Earlier research has shown that students have tremendous difficulties with understanding certain aspects of rolling without slipping, such as the zero-velocity at the contact point and plausibility of application of the law of conservation of mechanical energy despite action of the friction force. The aim of this research was to explore whether using analogies and reasoning about extreme cases can facilitate conceptualization of the above-mentioned phenomena. A pre-test – post-test quasi-experiment has been conducted, with 93 students in the control group (CG) and 91 students in the experimental group (EG). Whereas control group students received conventional teaching, in the experimental group rolling of a cylinder has been considered as a special case of a tumbling prism for which the number of prism surfaces tended to infinity. The results of analysis of covariance showed that students from the experimental group significantly outperformed their peers from the control group on the Rolling Motion Concept Test (RMCT). Between-group differences were greater on test items that required higher level of cognitive transfer. This research suggests that using analogies and extreme case reasoning can facilitate comprehension of certain seemingly counterintuitive aspects of rolling motion. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">511-524</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dževdeta Dervić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Džana Salibašić Glamočić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azra Gazibegović-Busuladžić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanes Mešić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING PHYSICS WITH SIMULATIONS: TEACHER-CENTERED VERSUS STUDENT-CENTERED APPROACHES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive load theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kinematics simulations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching strategies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527472.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teaching and learning with simulations is widely used in today's classrooms. Therefore, it is important to examine the factors that potentially influence the effectiveness of simulation-based teaching environments. The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of teacher-centered and student-centered Physlet-based classes about one-dimensional kinematics at the level of upper-secondary school. The student sample consisted of 43 students (mostly 15-year-olds). Within the teacher-centered approach the teacher ran and controlled the simulations, and students watched the simulations on the projection screen. In the student-centered approach the students had the opportunity to work through the simulations on their computers. At the post-test, students from the teacher-centered approach outperformed their peers when it comes to conceptual understanding of kinematics, but students from the students-centered approach were more successful in solving quantitative problems. The results of this research support the idea that a progression from teacher-centered to student-centered approach may be optimal for learning novel concepts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">288-299</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irwanto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eli Rohaeti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti Kolonial Prodjosantoso</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS IN TERMS OF SOME VARIABLES: A PERSPECTIVE FROM INDONESIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic majors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grade levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">undergraduate students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418101.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research explored the level of students’ basic and integrated Science Process Skills (SPS) based on their academic majors, gender, and grade levels at the end of a chemistry laboratory course. Convenience sampling was used to select 298 undergraduate students at the Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia. A survey method was used, and the data were collected using the Basic SPS (BSPS) and Integrated SPS (ISPS) Observation Checklist. The results showed that the students’ basic and integrated SPS were considered medium and low respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant gap in the students’ performance based on their majors, gender and grade levels. Surprisingly, it was found that the perception and social convention that males are stronger than females in science appears not to be the case among students. Moreover, there was a moderate positive and significant correlation between students’ basic and integrated SPS. Students with a high basic SPS score had the tendency to obtain a higher integrated SPS score. Therefore, it is concluded that prior to starting lab course activities, lecturers need to determine their students’ process skills in order to plan in such a manner that they can assist to raise their students’ current basic and integrated SPS.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">751-764</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fayadh Hamed Alanazi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE VIEWPOINTS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS ON THE ESSENTIAL NATURE OF SCIENCE CONCEPTS IN THE SAUDI CONTEXT: A TRIANGULATION APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemology of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myths of Science Questionnaire (MOSQ)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science (NoS)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-Service Science Teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science philosophy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Views of Nature of Science form C (VNOS-C)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533709207.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examines viewpoints held by pre-service science teachers on key concepts of the Nature of Science (NoS) in the Saudi context. Much research in this context emphasises quantitative methods, so this research utilises methodological triangulation to validate the data. Quantitative data was first obtained from 35 pre-service teachers using a method based on the Myths of Science Questionnaire (MOSQ). A qualitative approach was then applied using an open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews of ten pre-service teachers, adopted from the Views of Nature of Science questionnaire form C (VNOS-C). The pre-service teachers’ perspectives on the NoS were found to be lacking, especially regarding scientific knowledge, scientific methods, and the work of scientists. Furthermore, several respondents failed to consider science as a social enterprise. Suggestions and recommendations are provided to address such misinterpretations and poor scientific understandings, which are likely due to a lack of science philosophy content in educational programmes for teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">688-710</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burcu Anilan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VIEWS AND EXPERIENCES OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS ON THE USE OF STORIES IN TEACHING SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenomenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science stories</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708806.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The research aims to determine the experiences and views of the science pre-service teachers on the use of the science stories. In this research, among other qualitative research types, phenomenology research was used to obtain data. The research has been carried out with 71 pre-service teachers studying in the science education program of education faculty. The data has been analyzed based on the content analysis technique. The views of the pre-service teachers on the use of stories in science courses have been categorized under 6 themes. It has been concluded that teaching science with stories shall contribute to knowledge and competencies of both teachers and students, the science courses shall become more entertaining, joyful and interesting. In addition, it has been emphasized that creativity of students shall develop in the story composition process, their imagination shall increase, they shall configure their knowledge associating it with the daily life, meaningful learning shall be ensured by concretizing mostly abstract science subjects and concepts through stories, and a learning environment to ensure memorability of knowledge shall be prepared. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">605-619</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vesna Oražem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iztok Tomažič</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE VOCATIONAL UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARD WOLVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward wolves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge about wolves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocational upper secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1544775838.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolf (Canis lupus) conservation is multidimensional. Its aspects include the consensus between different interest groups. The present research aimed to assess the attitude and knowledge of the students (N = 483 students from three schools age 14-19) enrolled in the environmentalist, veterinary and agricultural technician study programmes through a questionnaire, as their profession represents a part of this multidimensional consensus. The research results indicate that students have neutral to positive attitudes toward wolves, generally. Their knowledge of wolves, however, is limited. Agricultural technicians showed the most negative attitudes toward wolves and the lowest knowledge. Overall, correlations between all attitudinal dimensions and correlations between attitudinal dimensions and knowledge were found, with the highest correlations between conservation dimension and all other dimensions including knowledge. The research findings support the widespread assumption that education within the above-mentioned study programmes should focus also on the current socio-scientific issues of animal conservation. Special attention should be given to the education of agricultural technicians as their utilitarian view could interfere with the effective conservation of large carnivores. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">918-934</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WRITING VERSUS TYPING DURING SCIENCE TEACHING: CASE STUDY IN SLOVENIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology science class; embodied cognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">handwriting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">keyboard writing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519060073.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In a case study conducted in a biology class in Slovenia, six grade students participated in a biology project Writing Versus Typing in a Biology Class. The final task in this project was to write a chapter for a biology textbook with the title Urtica dioica. The task was performed twice: firstly, the text was written by the hand and secondly it was typed on the computer keyboard. Handwritten and keyboard typed scientific texts, textbook chapters, were compared with the special focus on the lexical, syntactic, and semantic level of the text. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of replacing handwriting with typing in the process of teaching/learning science subjects, where the understanding of texts is of crucial importance. A closer look at the students’ text products in the typing modality reveals that students, while typing, seem to be cognitively overloaded. One of the consequences of this is a lower level of cognitive achievement in their typed text: students show less knowledge, less terminological accuracy, and, above all, a lesser understanding of the interconnection between the items of information provided. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84-96</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Rusek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagmar Stárková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlastimil Chytrý</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADOPTION OF ICT INNOVATIONS BY SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AND PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS WITHIN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diffusion of innovations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers’ attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503904959.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research is focused on secondary school chemistry teachers’ (N=276) and chemistry pre-service teachers’ (N=159) attitudes towards the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in education. A questionnaire constructed upon Rogers’ theory of diffusion of innovation was used. Based on the answers, the respondents were grouped according to their innovativeness – into types of innovation adopters. Analysis of the participants’ responses to the statements in the questionnaire suggests that neither gender nor their teaching experience influence their innovativeness. The respondents mostly tend to hold a pragmatic view, accept the role of ICT in education. However, they need proof to decide whether to adopt it in their teaching practice. As the respondents could leave their contact information, it is possible to further focus on particular groups of innovation adopters, to observe their lessons, analyse their approach and mainly influence and support those groups, which maintain a “role model” position and trigger diffusion of innovations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">510-523</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinga Orwat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paweł Bernard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Migdał-Mikuli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF COMMON SALT HYDROLYSIS AMONG UPPER-SECONDARY-SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acids and bases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative and misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical education research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">salt hydrolysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049832.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reactions in aqueous solutions are an important part of chemistry education. As experience shows, they are particularly difficult for students to understand. Hydrolysis is one such reaction. It occurs in organic and inorganic compounds with either covalent and ionic structures, but salt hydrolysis is a special example. Salt hydrolysis is complex, and to understand it, students must consider the reaction equilibrium, dissociation process, and acid-base properties of reactants and products. Additionally, in the upper-secondary-school curriculum, hydrolysis is described only qualitatively, which can lead students to misinterpret hydrolysis and solution equilibrium. 
In this study, 235 upper-secondary-school students answered questions about the acidity of common salt solutions and tried to justify their responses by writing appropriate chemical equations. An analysis of the answers revealed the students’ alternative conceptions and misconceptions. The character of the misconceptions showed that they are school-based and largely caused by excessive simplification of the process as well as the usage of inappropriate analogies.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64-76</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena D. Stanisavljević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirka М. Bunijevac</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ljubiša Ž. Stanisavljević</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE APPLICATION OF CONCEPT MAPS IN THE TEACHING OF POLLINATION AND POLLINATORS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept maps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollinators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">programme content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509214135.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teaching biology is characterized by a great number of concepts and facts. It is very difficult to concisely represent all important concepts and facts. In order to effectively present important concepts such as pollination and pollinators, concept maps have been applied. In particular, the pedagogical experiment was applied to determine whether the concept maps are effective as teaching technology compared to the usual teaching approach without this technology. The research involved 110 elementary school students who were divided into one experimental (E) and one control (C) group. The E group covered programme content related to pollination and pollinators by applying concept maps. The C group was exposed to the same content, without these maps. It is evidenced a difference of the attained knowledge in favour of the experimental group after the introduction of the experimental factor (application of concept maps). The application of concept maps directly contributed to better learning and knowledge acquisition in teaching the biology content Pollination and Pollinators. Based upon the obtained results of this research, concept maps will be further implemented to improve teaching process and the teachers will be gradually trained for the application of this teaching technology.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">746-760</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naciye Somuncu Demir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pelin Aksüt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dündar Yener</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatih Aydın</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özge Subaşı</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilal Fidan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Aygün</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATTITUDES TOWARDS ASTRONOMY AMONG THE PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ DIFFERENT COGNITIVE STYLES: ALTERNATIVE COURSE SAMPLE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude towards astronomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive style</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497963764.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of research is to examine the changes in attitudes towards astronomy following alternative astronomy education among pre-service teachers with different cognitive styles. Accordingly, it was thought to be appropriate to use pre-and post-test control group design among the experimental designs. The sample of the study included 4th year students at Abant İzzet Baysal University Department of Science Teaching during 2015-2016 spring term (N=64). In the treatment group, a process enriched with activity-based astronomy practices was followed, while the control group used a 12-week program designed as consistent with the program developed by Higher Education Council. The results seem to evidence that at undergraduate level there is an urgent need to intensify the efforts, education and practices that focus on increasing the levels of attitudes towards astronomy regardless of cognitive styles and on transferring these attitudes to skill areas and these kinds of studies need to be encouraged and extended.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300-307</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hakki Kadayifci</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BARRIERS TO STUDENTS’ CREATIVE EVALUATION OF UNEXPECTED EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creativity barriers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">laboratory work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ explanations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">unexpected findings</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497964307.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science lecturers usually do not pay special attention to giving students the chance to evaluate persistent unexpected experimental findings that they cannot explain with their existing theories, propose alternative hypotheses and develop new theories in inquiry tasks at schools, despite the importance of these processes in scientific discoveries. Students’ reactions to this type of findings have been a subject for conceptual change studies that new theories were presented to explain the findings. This research, in contrast, examined students’ ways of interpreting their unexpected experimental findings about the molar mass of the sulfur element while hiding a new theory, and their barriers to discovering the scientific explanation of these findings, which is new to them, in the framework of the creativity paradigm. The research was conducted with 155 first-year undergraduate students who were enrolled in a chemistry laboratory course. A majority of the participants said that the unexpected findings might have resulted from experimental errors or methodical problems. Few students stated that these findings might be valid and have a new explanation. The barriers to students' discovery of new scientific explanation for findings were classified as: lack of pre-knowledge, obstacles of existing structures, failure of creative cognitive processes and social-personal blocks.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">414-428</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guntay Tasci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halil Yurdugul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOLOGY TEACHING THROUGH SELF-REGULATED LEARNING AND COGNITIVE STRUCTURE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT VIA LATENT GROWTH MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">latent growth modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-regulated learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049464.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research applied the learning strategies to predict in an effect longitudinal growth of cognitive structure of students in biology. The aim of the research is to assess the effect of activating learning strategies on cognitive structures regarding biology. The research was conducted by using control group design. The sample of research was composed of 60 prospective teachers randomly assigned to the experimental and the control groups. The longitudinal data were collected every 2 weeks and 4 times in total considering the concept maps. The data were quantitatively analysed in terms of the number of concepts, connections and central concepts. Latent growth modelling (LGM) was used to analyse change in cognitive structure over time. The findings suggested that the experimental group did better in cognitive structure than the control group in terms of forming connections and central concepts. Accordingly, teaching students self-regulated learning strategies and providing support in the written material to activate the strategies influence the development of cognitive structure in a positive way in terms of the extent and the integration. Therefore, activation of the use of self-regulated learning strategies in the teaching are thought to contribute to the learning of biology.   </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-31</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">António Almeida</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García Fernández, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teresa Silva</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHANGING NEGATIVE PERCEPTIONS OF ANIMALS THROUGH TEACHING PRACTICE: A RESEARCH IN PRIMARY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perceptions of animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching practice</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503904664.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research focused on whether teaching practice could improve children’s perceptions of animals with a bad image. For this purpose, children from the 5th year of schooling approached the topic “diversity of animals” differently. The experimental group, 50 children from three classes (25 boys and 25 girls) aged 10 to 13, adopted an approach more focused on the role of the ecosystem and benefits of the animals for humans. The control group, 53 pupils from another three classes (27 boys and 26 girls) within the same age range, adopted a more descriptive approach based on the morphology, physiology and behaviours of the different animals. A pre-test and a post-test were administered to identify children’s empathy with ten animals with a bad image and to assess both their attractiveness and dangerousness. The experimental group significantly increased their empathy with the ten animals and only the assessment of their dangerousness was less conclusive. Even so, the dangerousness of the shark and of the mouse decreased significantly in this group. The research seems to be important as an aid to the design of didactic approaches related to the present issue both in continuous and pre-service training courses for primary teachers.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">446-458</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tereza Horáková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Houška</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ludmila Dömeová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CLASSIFICATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL TEXTS STYLES WITH THE METHODS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classification and regression trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational texts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge representation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge unit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">production rules</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stylometric analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497963889.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modern educational methods emphasize the necessity to transfer knowledge instead of data or information within the educational process. Thus it is important to the educational texts supporting the educational process contain knowledge in a particular textual representation. But it is not trivial to decide whether the particular piece of text contain knowledge or not. The solution is to measure the similarity between the particular text structure and a typical structure of a knowledge-designed text. This research aims at analysing the classification ability of three commonly-used classification techniques: artificial neural networks (ANNs), classification and regression trees (CARTs) and decision trees (bigMLs) to separate texts or text fragments into two groups. The texts in the first group contain mainly data and information (common texts), the texts in the other group contain knowledge in one of the particular knowledge representations (knowledge texts). The sample of 120 text fragments was used for the analysis. The results show that the ANN techniques are significantly more able to make the right classification of the text than the CART or bigML ones, and evidence good classification abilities. Thus the ANN approach could broaden the set of methods used for evaluation of difficulty of educational texts or textbooks.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">324-336</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baskoro Adi Prayitno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duran Corebima</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herawati Susilo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siti Zubaidah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murni Ramli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CLOSING THE SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS GAP BETWEEN STUDENTS WITH HIGH AND LOW LEVEL ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INSTAD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STAD</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497156674.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Process Skills (SPSs) are fundamental skills to mastering science. To nurture students' SPS, inquiry based learning and student-center activities may work effectively. This study aims at analyzing: How Inquiry-based Learning and Student Team Achievement Division (INSTAD) affects science process skills compared with inquiry-based learning, Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD), and conventional learning method. The participants were 136 grade 7 students from 27 public middle schools in Surakarta, Indonesia. They were divided into 68 students with higher academic (HA) achievement and 68 students with lower academic (LA) achievement. A nonequivalent control group design with pretest and posttest were applied to get data on SPSs using a sort of essay test. The result indicates that: (1) While the outcomes of INSTAD and inquiry-based learning are comparable, they are significantly different compared with the outcomes of STAD and conventional learning. (2) Students in HA group have higher SPS than students in LA groups. (3) INSTAD, on an equal level with inquiry-based learning, significantly increases the students’ SPSs. Compared with other three methods, INSTAD was confirmed the most effective in closing the science process skills gaps between students in HA group and LA group.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">266-277</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei-Zhao Shi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jingying Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARISON ON VIEWS OF NATURE OF SCIENCE BETWEEN MATH AND PHYSICS STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">math and physics students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">views of nature of science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049902.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University lecturers stress the importance of science and non-science students developing informed views of nature of science. However, few previous researches have conducted to explore students’ NOS views within specific majors. Consequently, this research used the questionnaire of VNOS-D (View of Nature of Science, the version D) to assess the views of nature of science between math and physics students. From the survey of 311 students, it was found that both math and physics students scored relatively lower on the subjective and social &amp; cultural dimension than others. However, on the tentativeness dimension, the third year and the fourth year physics students showed significantly more sophisticated views than math counterparts. In addition, the differences across grade levels were found on the observation &amp; inference dimension in both math and physics major groups. Some possible explanations were provided. The findings indicated that majors and grade levels influenced the views on some special dimensions of NOS. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77-85</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadi Suprapto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Te-Sheng Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chih-Hsiung Ku</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPTION OF LEARNING PHYSICS AND SELF-EFFICACY AMONG INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conception of learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">survey study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university student</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049396.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to explore the correlation between Indonesian University students’ conception of learning physics and their physics’ self-efficacy. A total of 279 students who were majoring in physics education participated in this research and were invited to complete two instruments: the conception of learning physics (CLP) and the physics learning’ self-efficacy (PLSE). Both of the questionnaires, which were modified from [Lin, Liang, &amp; Tsai (2015a) and Lin, Liang, &amp; Tsai (2015b)]’ instruments, had been translated into Indonesian language and validated through an exploratory factor analysis of participants’ responses. The differences between student levels were explored for their significance using an ANOVA test in order to portray a clear line among different conceptions of learning physics and physics learning self-efficacy. The results indicated that, first, the instruments used in the research had satisfactory validity and reliability. Second, students in sophomore level were significantly lower on the conceptions of testing than those in other levels. Meanwhile, the conceptions of calculating-practicing and understanding were not significantly different. Third, university students in senior level performed more confident in four dimensions: science content, higher-order thinking, everyday application, and science communication than others. The research also depicted a moderate correlation among dimensions of CLP and PLSE. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-19</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eddie G. Fetalvero</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSENSUS-BASED EDUCATION: ITS EFFECT ON COLLEGE STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOENERGETICS AS MODERATED BY GENDER AND LEARNING STYLES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement in bioenergetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">consensus-based education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational decision-making</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning style effect</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503905085.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involving students in making an educational decision is claimed to produce better outcomes. The effect of consensus-based education (CBE) on achievement in bioenergetics as moderated by gender and learning styles was determined. Two undergraduate biology classes were compared employing the quasi-experimental design, one using CBE and the other taught the conventional way. The Biology Achievement Test (BAT) was the main data collection tool used, supplemented with questionnaires, learning style inventory, videos, journal, and informal interviews. ANCOVA tested the effect of educational approach and the moderating effects of gender and learning styles while t-test compared the BAT scores between the groups. Results show that CBE can be a feasible alternative approach to teaching biology as it fairly addresses issues on gender and learning styles. It has also helped students develop their reasoning skills and improve their appreciation of democratic practices in the classroom. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">533-548</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497963472.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2017</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">283</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503904484.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">443</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049249.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2017, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497155843.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2017, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">143</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509213427.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">631</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513970545.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">831</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanko Cvjetićanin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirjana Maričić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONTRIBUTION OF DEMONSTRATION AND STUDENT-LED EXPERIMENTS ON THE STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE QUALITY IN THE THIRD GRADE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">demonstration experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student knowledge quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student-led experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">third grade</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509213595.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research is to establish the contribution of demonstration and student-led experiments on the quality of students’ knowledge about the air-related content in the third grade of primary school. This research included 120 students from Serbia, divided into two groups: control (C) and experimental (E). In group C the experiments were demonstrated by the teacher, whereas those same experiments were independently conducted by the students’ inside smaller groups in group E. The quality of the students’ knowledge was examined after the application of the experiments with the post-test, while the quality of the duration of knowledge was examined with the retest. The students in the group E acquired the knowledge of the higher quality and more durable knowledge about the air-related content then the students’ from the group C on the cognitive levels: analysis, evaluation and synthesis. Therefore, the priority should be given to the student-led experiments over the demonstration, when processed air-related content in the third grade of primary school, because their application contributes to the increase of the students’ knowledge quality.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">634-650</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049193.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2017, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513970509.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">829-830</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497155799.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2017, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141-142</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503904418.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">441-442</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497963437.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2017</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">281-282</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509213391.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">629-630</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ana Valdmann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Holbrook</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmae</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A DESIGN–BASED, CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOR SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competence-based</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher reflection skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503905275.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examined the effectiveness of a design-based, continuous professional development (CPD) programme intended to promote teachers’ self-confidence and teaching reflection skills. The CPD was associated with teacher implementation of theoretically devised, motivational, context-based, inquiry teaching modules, based on a justified 3-stage teaching model. The CPD programme was devised from prior identification of teacher needs, using a validated teacher questionnaire (TNQ) covering subject and pedagogical content knowledge, as well as other literature-identified, desirable teaching attributes. The effectiveness of the CPD provision was determined through two approaches - by re-administering the TNQ at the end of the programme and identifying significant self-confidence gains through application of the K-means clustering technique, and was also by the range of teacher reflections in, on and for action, provided by teachers after using modules in their teaching. Each teacher’s reflections were qualitatively grouped, based on comments made during a semi-structured interview about the teaching, opinions on students’ learning and attitudinal outcomes. Findings suggested a strong correlation between teaching confidence gained from the CPD programme and the range of identified types of reflective skills mentioned during the interview, which provided the depth of feedback related to classroom teaching in implementing the modules. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">576-591</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namudar İzzet Kurbanoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mithat Takunyacı</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN INSTRUMENT MEASURING ANXIETY TOWARD PHYSICS LABORATORY CLASSES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics laboratory anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale validity and reliability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503905337.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The learning in the physics laboratory is related to several non-cognitive variables such as anxiety which has a significant role in teaching and learning process. Therefore, university students may have different thoughts and anxiety levels towards physics laboratory class. The aim of this research was to develop a measurement tool assessing the anxiety levels of university students in a physics laboratory class. In this research the Physics Laboratory Anxiety Scale (P-LAS) consisting of 18 items was developed, and its validity and reliability were analysed. The sample consisted of 557 university students (295 female and 262 male) who take physics and/or physics laboratory classes at three different Faculties of Education. Validity of the scale was first assessed by expert review. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess structural validity, and revealed a one-dimensional structure. The loading values of all 18 items varied between 0.58 and 0.80, and explained 52% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of internal consistency was calculated as 0.94 and the split-half test correlation was .76. These results showed that P-LAS can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in physics education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">592-598</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daniela Luminița Barz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrei Achimaș-Cadariu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF A SKILLS-BASED INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE SCIENTIFIC REASONING IN MEDICINE ACROSS DIFFERENT LEVELS OF EXPERTISE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognitive Reflection Test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497963697.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific reasoning skills have been defined as mental processes used when engaged in scientific inquiry. Research aimed to develop and validate a Scientific Reasoning in Medicine (SRM) instrument through a psychometric approach which included a preliminary phase with 60 medical students and physicians, followed by a revision phase and subsequent research with 209 medical students and physicians. Research focused on determining the extent to which item content contributed significantly to explaining the variance in SRM, if the level of scientific reasoning differed in relation to medical expertise and if individuals who were inclined to a more rational thinking style showed higher scientific reasoning. Results indicated that item content explained 47% of the variance in SRM, there were significant differences in scientific reasoning depending on expertise and participants who scored higher on the Cognitive Reflection Test and the Need for Cognition scale, also scored higher on the SRM instrument. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">289-299</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanisława Katarzyna Nazaruk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Klim-Klimaszewska</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIRECT LEARNING ABOUT NATURE IN 6-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN LIVING IN URBAN AND RURAL ENVIRONMENTS AND THE LEVEL OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children in 6-year-old</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">developing knowledge and skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">direct learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">urban and rural environments</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503905027.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The contemporary theory of learning treats pre-school instruction as the first level of early child education. The pre-school age is seen as a very important period of life. A pre-school child grasps knowledge spontaneously, naturally, in all circumstances, thus, direct learning seems to be of particular importance. It may therefore seem that children living in the village have more stimuli for direct learning about nature, developing their knowledge and skills. However, children living in the city have more access to different amenities and financial resources to develop their talents and interests. The following studies have been conducted to determine whether there is a difference in the knowledge and skills about nature in 6-year-old children regarding the place of residence. The research covered 50 children in the city and 40 children in the village. The examination consisted of two stages: the pre-test and post-test. There were used age-appropriate flash cards. During 6 months, teachers systematically introduced a direct learning project on nature in four ecosystems: a meadow, a park, a forest, a zoo. The analysis of the data gathered in the research showed that direct cognition has an impact on increasing children's knowledge and skills. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">524-532</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY CHILDHOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION: STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empiricist approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-cognitive approaches</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching applications</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497963588.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The last twenty-five years have seen an increase in the development of an area of educational research and implementation which is known internationally as Early Childhood Science Education. In fact, this is a broad framework within which different theoretical trends coexist with corresponding research orientations and fields of teaching applications. These trends converge in an effort to study the mechanisms of initiation of children aged 4-8 years into the properties of the materials and objects and into the phenomena and concepts of Natural Sciences. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">284-288</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lwun-Syin Lwo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jim- Hua Fu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng-Chieh Chang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ECOLOGICAL WORLDVIEWS AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">local environmental concerns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">new ecological paradigm survey</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509213957.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aims to explore the tendency of the New Ecological Paradigm and environmental concerns on local environmental issues of secondary school teachers. Two hundred seventy teachers were selected by stratified random and cluster sampling from 13 schools to participate in the survey. The seven teachers were interviewed on their concepts and beliefs on the ecological worldviews and local environmental concerns. The results of the research include: With high pro-environmental beliefs, most of the teachers expressed their concerns about the environment. However, teachers believe that “Human will eventually learn enough about how nature works to be able to control it,” which is labeled as anti-NEP item. It seems that teachers mostly notice to “human learn” not to “human control”. It also seems that teacher’ environmental worldviews may be affected by their career training. The results of the research provide some implication for strengthening teachers’ environmental endorsement and therefore to affect people’s environmental ethics and friendly behaviors.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">706-722</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zahida Parveen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF THE 5E MODEL FOR SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5E Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hearing impairment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific achievement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509214017.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This experimental research aimed to find the effectiveness of the 5E model of education for achievement in science among students with hearing impairment at the elementary level. An instructional package was developed following the 5E model for one unit from a science subject in grade VIII. A science test was developed by the researcher to test the achievement of students of grade VIII with hearing impairment. This test was validated by experts, pilot tested, subjected to item analysis and the reliability of the test was calculated. The test with 38 items was used as a pre-test and post-test during the study. Thirty-four students of grade VIII were selected from a school and were random assigned to two groups. One group was randomly assigned as the experimental group and the other served as the control group. The research followed a pre-test-post-test control group design. The performance of both groups was compared to evaluate the effectiveness of instructions based on the 5E model. A significant improvement was found in the performance of the experimental group as compared to the control group. It was concluded that hearing impaired children can perform better in science if they are taught through approaches promoting construction of knowledge, such as in the 5E model.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">723-732</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Çiğdem Şahin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ümmü Gülsüm Durukan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elif Arıkurt</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF 5E TEACHING MODEL ON PRIMARY SCHOOL PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ LEARNING ON SOME ASTRONOMY CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5E teaching model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">astronomy concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept cartoons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497156015.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of the 5E teaching model on the primary school pre-service teachers’ (PSPTs) learning some astronomy concepts. The sample of this research consisted of 90 PSPTs in the 2nd year at a state university. The research was carried out on the pre-experimental methodology with a single research group. The data of the study were collected by concept cartoon form which included some astronomy concepts such as the Sun, star, planet, meteor, Solar System, constellations. The developed teaching materials about the chosen astronomy concepts were implemented in eight course hours. It was seen that most of the PSPTs had alternative concepts. A considerable decrease was determined when the pre and post-test results of the PSPTs were compared; it was found that learning based on the 5E teaching model had a positive effect on the conceptual change. It can be said that 5E teaching model was effective on remedying alternative concepts. In the future research about astronomy teaching may be conducted to determine the effects of 5E teaching model on remedying the alternative concepts and achieving conceptual change with the different education levels of students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">148-162</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF ACTIVE LEARNING ON PERCEPTION OF AND PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology based learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503904586.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active learning is a form of learning in which teaching strives to involve students in the learning process more directly than in other methods. This term has got many synonyms like learning through play, technology based learning, activity based learning, group work, project method, etc. the underlying factor behind these are some significant qualities and characteristics of active learning. The term “active learning” was introduced by the English scholar R. W. Revans. The definition was developing through time. In more detail, in active learning, students must do more than just listen: They must read, write, discuss, or be engaged in solving problems. It relates to the three learning domains referred to as knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA). In particular, students must engage in such higher-order thinking tasks as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Active learning engages students in two aspects – doing things and thinking about the things they are doing (Renkl et al., 2002). Active learning should transform students from passive listeners to active participants, helps the student understand the subject through inquiry, gathering and analyzing data to solving higher order cognitive problems. There is intensive use of scientific and quantitative literacy across the curriculum, and technology based learning is also in high demand in concern with active learning. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">444-445</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sinem Dinçol Özgür</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayhan Yılmaz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING ON GIFTED AND TALENTED STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF ACIDS-BASES CONCEPTS AND MOTIVATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acids-bases concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gifted and talented students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guided inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivation towards science learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513971383.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inquiry-based learning is a usable approach in developing gifted and talented students’ learning and one that overlaps with their properties and learning needs. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of guided inquiry-based learning approach compared with that of traditional teacher-centered instruction on gifted and talented eighth grade students’ understanding of acids-bases concepts and motivation towards science learning. A nonequivalent control group design was used in the research. The participants were 40 gifted and talented eighth grade students from one Science and Art Center in Ankara/Turkey. There were two different groups: the experimental group and the control group. The Acids and Bases Diagnostic Test and Students’ Motivation towards Science Learning questionnaire were used in the research as data collection tools. Before and after the implementation, the tools were administered as pre-test and post-test to both groups. For data analysis the independent samples t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. The results showed that there was a statistical significant difference between the groups in favor of the experimental group.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">994-1008</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Altınkök</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF MOVEMENT EDUCATION BASED ON COOPERATIVE LEARNING METHOD ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC MOTOR SKILLS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL 1ST GRADE LEARNERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic motor skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lifelong education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">movement education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497156527.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the research was to determine the effects of 12-week physical activities based on Cooperative Learning Method on development of basic motor skills of Primary School 1st Graders. Pretest-Posttest Design, Semi-Empirical Research Method and Unequaled Control Group Methods were used in the research. To determine the effects of physical activities based on Cooperative Learning Method on the development of basic motor skills, controlling the ball with feet, controlling the ball with hands, running coordination, agility, promptness and dynamic balance skill tests were used. According to the statistical results, no significant differences were detected in pretest average values of the research and control groups in Independent sampling t-test; however, a significant difference was found in favor of the research group in posttest averages. In the t-test for Dependent Variables, significant differences were found in pretest-posttest averages in favor of the posttest values of Research Group. In pretest-posttest averages of Controls, negative significance was found in controlling the balls with hands, and no significant differences were determined in other motor skills. We believe that students are active in application process, and the long-term planned learning-teaching environments with physical activities based on Cooperative Learning Method might contribute to the development of basic motor skills. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">241-249</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mundilarto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helmiyanto Ismoyo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ON IMPROVEMENT PHYSICS ACHIEVEMENT AND CRITICAL THINKING OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem-Based Learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509214187.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the research was to know the effect of implementation of problem-based learning model on students' physics achievement and critical thinking. The research was a quasi-experimental using a pre-test-post-test control group design. It was conducted at a state senior high school in Indonesia. The data were collected by a students' physics achievement test, a students' critical thinking test, and an observation sheet. The data were analysed by calculating normalized gain scores and hypothesis testing by using MANOVA with the significance level of .05 as criterion. The research results indicated that the average gain scores for students' physics achievement of the experimental and control groups were respectively .63 and .32, the average gain scores for students' critical thinking of the experimental and control groups were respectively .49 and .34, and a value of p is .0001 was obtained from the MANOVA calculation so that it is concluded that such learning as that in the experimental group is better in comparison with such learning as that in the control group. The results of this research are expected to increase insight and knowledge of teachers in implementing the learning process in the classroom so as to apply varied learning models.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">761-779</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilge Can</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vesile Yıldız-Demirtaş</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erdi Altun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF PROJECT-BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION PROGRAMME ON SCIENTIFIC PROCESS SKILLS AND CONCEPTIONS OF KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">project based science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific process skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497964232.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The research aims to find out the effect of project-based science education programme conducted with an active learning on scientific process skills and conceptions of 6-year-old children about nature of science. Quasi-experimental research design including experimental and control groups with pre-test and post-test was implemented. Mixed-method research including qualitative and quantitative data collection tools was adopted. The quantitative data were collected with Preschool Scientific Process Skills Scale while qualitative data were gathered with interviews to define scientific process skills of children. The research includes 26 children in total, 17 were in the experimental group and 9 were in the control group. Project Based Science Education Conducted with Active Learning was carried out on the experimental group and Project Based Science Education was carried out on the control group. The research lasted for 32 weeks between October, 2015 and June, 2016. Scores of scientific process skills about nature of science belonging to students in the experimental group were found to be higher than ones in the control group and the students in the experimental group were found to be more familiar with the related conceptions. The findings prove the positive effect of project-based science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">395-413</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Bakırcı</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muammer Çalık</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salih   Çepni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF THE COMMON KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION MODEL-ORIENTED EDUCATION ON SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS’ VIEWS ON THE NATURE OF SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5Es learning model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CKCM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light and sound topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049602.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present research was to explore the effect of the Common Knowledge Construction Model (CKCM)-oriented education on sixth grade students' views on the Nature of Science (NOS) and to compare it with the existing learning model (5Es learning model). The research was conducted with a total of 76 students (38 by 38--for experimental and control groups) in 2013-2014 school year. Within a quasi-experimental research design, the Views of Nature of Science Questionnaire (VNOS) and the Student Interview on the Nature of Science Aspects (SINOSA) were used for data collection. Quantitative data from the VNOS were exposed to independent t-test while qualitative data from the interview protocol were analyzed using content analysis. Results of pre-test and pre-interview denoted that both groups properly constructed ‘empirical’ aspect of the NOS while the other aspects of the NOS were naïve and transitional levels. After the intervention, it was found that the control group’s views of the NOS, except for the empirical aspect, were transitional level whilst those of the experimental group were informed level. Further, it was elicited that the experimental group performed the highest change in ‘imaginary and creative’ aspect of the NOS. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43-55</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zekri A. M. Zouhor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Z. Bogdanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sonja J. Skuban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milica V. Pavkov-Hrvojević</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF THE MODIFIED KNOW-WANT-LEARN STRATEGY ON SIXTH-GRADE STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN PHYSICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KWL strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modified KWL strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ performance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513971179.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics is generally regarded as difficult and uninteresting. The teaching of physics with the use of an appropriate teaching strategy can improve students' achievement. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of the modified Know-Want-Learn (mKWL) strategy on primary school students’ achievement in physics. The Know-Want-Learn (KWL) strategy was modified to be used for students’ inquiry. Quasi experimental research was carried out with 110 sixth-grade students divided into an experimental and a control group. The students in the control group were taught using direct teaching and the students in the experimental group were taught using TQHL charts. These charts consist of columns: T-What I Think and what I know, Q-What Questions I have, H-How can I find out, L-What I Learned. Pre-test and post-test were administered to both groups; two physics knowledge tests were constructed for that purpose. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired samples t-tests and independent samples t-tests. The implication of the research results is that using the mKWL strategy in a sixth-grade physics class has a positive effect on students’ achievement. It can be suggested to implement the described strategy in teaching physics in order to improve students’ achievement in this subject.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">946-957</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I Putu Artayasa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herawati Susilo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Umie Lestari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sri Endah Indriwati</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE THREE LEVELS OF INQUIRY IN IMPROVING TEACHER TRAINING STUDENTS’ SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guided inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">open inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structured inquiry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513971002.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teacher training students require the mastery of science process skills (SPS) to improve their performance in teaching science. The purpose of this research was to (1) compare the difference in effectiveness between the three levels of inquiry (structured, guided, open inquiry) and the conventional strategy in improving SPS; (2) compare the differences in effectiveness between the three levels of inquiry and conventional strategy in improving the integrated science process skills (ISPS), especially the skills of preparing experimental procedures, collecting data, presenting data, discussing data, and making conclusion. This research was a quasi-experimental: pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design. The sample of this research consisted of 154 students of Teacher Training for Elementary School Education of University of Mataram. The data were collected by using SPS test and the scoring of experiment report. The data were analyzed by using ANCOVA and the Kruskal Wallis test. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in the effectiveness between the three levels of inquiry and the conventional strategy in improving SPS. Among the three levels of inquiry itself, there is no any significant difference. On the ISPS, the open inquiry has the highest effectiveness and the structured inquiry has the lowest effectiveness. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">908-918</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iwan Wicaksono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wasis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madlazim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIRTUAL SCIENCE TEACHING MODEL (VS-TM) TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY AND CONCEPT MASTERY ON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS SUBJECT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept mastery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual science teaching model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503905158.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VS-TM refers to a teaching model that applies virtual media aided scientific approach. VS-TM is required to prepare students who are trained problem-solving process through scientific creative thinking opportunities and complete physics concept mastery. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of VS-TM to improve student’s scientific creativity and concept mastery on Senior High School physics subject. This research involves 318 students from 3 State Senior High Schools in Jember Regency, Indonesia. Pre-test and post-test scores obtained using Sign Test and Paired Sample T-test are used to analyze VS-TM impact on student’s scientific and concept mastery improvement. Such impact consistency then is observed through the calculation of n-gain achieved by each testing class using ANOVA. The research of VS-TM application on Senior High School physics subject indicates that there is a high categorized significant improvement student’s scientific creativity (n-gain &gt; 0.7) and concept mastery (n-gain &gt; 0.8) on physics subject, before and after VS-TM application with p-value is &lt; 0.05 and there is not any difference between 9 testing classes with p-value is &gt; .05.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">549-561</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jang-Long Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meng-Fei Cheng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shih-Yin Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jih-Yuan Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ying-Chi Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hsiao-Wen Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng-Min Lin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF COMBINING INQUIRY-BASED TEACHING WITH SCIENCE MAGIC ON THE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF A FRICTION UNIT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">friction concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based teaching strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science magic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497156412.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research used a quasi-experimental method to explore whether integrating Science Magic (SM) into 5E Learning Cycle (5ELC) in the development of teaching materials for a friction unit would impact students’ learning outcomes and attitudes toward science. A total of 68 eighth-grade students were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught using teaching materials and methods developed using the SM-based 5ELC, while the control group adhered solely to textbook-based materials, which were also based on the 5ELC but did not involve SM activities. Two major findings were obtained in this research. First, learning effects for the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group, especially in relation to characteristics of static friction, factors that affect friction, and relationships between frictional and normal force. Second, the experimental group showed significant improvements in their attitudes toward science when juxtaposed with the control group.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">218-227</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arif Rachmatullah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sariwulan Diana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minsu Ha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF CURRICULUM, GENDER AND STUDENTS’ FAVORITE SCIENCE SUBJECT ON INDONESIAN HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS OF LEARNING SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptions of learning science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indonesia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary level</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509214315.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptions of learning have been known as having influence on students’ learning outcomes, the one of which is science learning as to be a scientifically literate person. Even, the effects of students’ conceptions in learning have been known, but the contributing factors are still vague. This research aims to explore Indonesian high-school students’ conceptions of learning science (COLS), to find out if gender and students’ favorite science subject cause differences in their COLS, and to validate the COLS instrument by using Rasch analyses. Thirty-one items measuring six COLS were administered to 609 Indonesian high-school students. Rasch analyses, an independent sample t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and cluster analyses featuring chi-square tests of interdependence were used to answer the research questions. Based on the analyses, it was found that the COLS instrument was best fitted as six-dimensional. Gender difference was emerged in memorizing, and differences based on students’ favorite science subject were also found in memorizing and calculating and practicing. Finally, the results of cluster analyses showed that Indonesian students were divided into three different classes based on their COLS, and that the clusters were significantly related to the school locations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">797-812</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deniz Gurcay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hatice Ozturk Ferah</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES BASED INSTRUCTION ON STUDENTS’ PHYSICS ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">force and motion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple intelligences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509213737.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research is to examine the effects of multiple intelligences based instruction on the 9th grade students’ achievements and attitude towards the Force and Motion topics in physics. The participants of this research are composed of randomly selected 95 ninth graders, who were divided into two experimental and two control classes. The experimental groups were exposed to lesson plans based on the multiple intelligences for six weeks. In the control groups, traditional instruction was conducted. Force and Motion Achievement Test, Force and Motion Attitude Scale, Revised Student Multiple Intelligences Profile Questionnaire and Students’ Views about MI-based instruction Questionnaire were used as research instruments in this research. As a result of this research, it was found that multiple intelligences based instruction had a significant effect on students’ achievements in the Force and Motion topics. However, multiple intelligences based instruction had any significant effect on students’ attitudes towards force and motion topics. In addition, a large majority of the students in the experimental group found the courses based on multiple intelligences more enjoyable and found more instructive.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">666-677</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mui Ken Chin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agnis Sombuling</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING WITH COOPERATIVE LEARNING ON PRESCHOOLERS’ SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschoolers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trait dimensions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493050047.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to determine the effects of Problem based learning (PBL) with cooperative learning (CL) and ‘Numbered Heads Together’ (NHT) on preschoolers’ five trait dimensions of scientific creativity: Fluency, Originality, Elaboration, Abstractness of title, and Resistance to premature closure. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design was employed in the research. The sample consisted of 216 six-year-old preschoolers from three randomly selected preschools and assigned to PBL-CL‘NHT’ (n=72), PBL (n=72), and hands-on (TG) (n=72) instructional methods. The Figural Scientific Creativity Test was used as the pre-test (Form A) and post-test (Form B). Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted on the post-test scores with pre-test scores as the covariates to determine whether a significant difference existed across the three methods. The results indicated that preschoolers taught in the PBL-CL‘NHT’ method significantly outperformed their peers in the PBL method who, in turn, significantly outperformed their peers in the TG method in Fluency, Originality, Elaboration, Abstractness of title, and Resistance to premature closure. Large effect sizes were obtained for comparing PBL-CL ‘NHT’ with PBL and TG method. The findings suggest that the PBL-CL ‘NHT’ method has a significant positive impact on fostering preschoolers’ five trait dimensions of scientific creativity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100-112</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruslan Mapeala</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF THINKING MAPS-AIDED PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ON MOTIVATION TOWARDS SCIENCE LEARNING AMONG FIFTH GRADERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fifth graders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivation towards science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem-Based Learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thinking maps</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497964157.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of Thinking Maps (TM)-aided Problem-based Learning (PBL) teaching method (TM-PBL) on motivation towards science learning among Fifth Graders. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test non-equivalent control group design was employed to measure students’ motivation towards science learning (SMTSL) in motivational factors of self-efficacy, active learning strategies, science learning value, performance goal, achievement goal, and learning environment stimulation. The sample consisted of 270 Fifth Graders aged 11 years old. The students were randomly selected and assigned to TM-PBL (n=90), PBL (n=90), and Conventional Problem Solving (CPS) (n=90) teaching groups. The SMTSL questionnaire was administered prior to and after each intervention. A MANCOVA was conducted on the post-test measures of motivation using the students’ pre-test as the covariates. The result indicated that students taught via the TM-PBL teaching method gained significantly higher levels than their counterparts from the PBL group in Self-efficacy, Active learning strategies, Achievement Goal and Learning environment stimulation. Likewise, students taught via the TM-PBL teaching method gained significantly higher levels than their counterparts from the CPS group in all motivational factors. The findings suggest that the Thinking Maps-aided Problem-Based Learning method is effective in improving motivation towards science learning among Fifth Graders. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379-394</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629050279.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2017</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">438-441</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513971579.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1035-1036</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493050212.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2017, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140-144</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629119307.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2017, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">278-280</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Betül Demirdöğen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINATION OF CHEMICAL REPRESENTATIONS IN TURKISH HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY TEXTBOOKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry textbooks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">generic qualitative research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503904807.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to examine the chemical representations that are present in Turkish high school chemistry textbooks. Content analysis was the method of analysis. Four chemistry textbooks, which were commonly used in Turkey, for each grade (i.e., from 9th to 12th), were selected. When evaluating the representations, a rubric including five main criteria was used: (1) type of representation, (2) interpretation of representations’ surface features, (3) representations’ relatedness to text, (4) properties of representations’ caption, and (5) degree of correlation between subordinates comprising a multiple representation. The results of the research revealed that the chemical representations used in the textbooks are mainly macroscopic, symbolic, and hybrid. Majority of the representations had explicit surface features and appropriate captions. Moreover, they were completely related to the text. Most of the multiple representations had sufficient links between their subordinates. Recommendations for textbook writers and future research are provided.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">472-499</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eser Ültay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINATION OF CONTEXT-BASED PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITIES OF PRE-SERVICE PHYSICS TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based problem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service physics teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493050106.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years, while the context-based approach has been popular and the teachers have been using it in the classrooms, it is seen that they do not prefer using context-based evaluation techniques. This becomes a problem for students because they used to be taught in the context-based approach enriched by daily life examples and then they are measured by paper and pencil tests. From this point of view, the aim of this research was to examine the ability of the pre-service physics teachers creating context-based problem about pressure. A case study approach was used to answer the research questions. The research was carried out in a university on the north coast of Turkey. Participants were 25 pre-service physics teachers between 20-24 ages. Pre-service teachers were firstly taught the context-based approach and then to write context-based problems. In data collection process, they prepared context-based problems and they were evaluated by a rubric consisting six criteria and three categories. After data analysis, it was found that pre-service teachers remained in the middle level in terms of creating context-based problems. In undergraduate or graduate programs, pre-service teachers and teachers should be informed about the context-based approach and context-based evaluation techniques so that they can effectively use them. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113-122</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hakan Kör</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Erbay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melih Engin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emre Dünder</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN EXAMINATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ATTITUDES SCALE, FREQUENCY OF SMARTPHONE USAGE SCALE AND LIFELONG LEARNING SCALE SCORES USING THE STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lifelong learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">smartphone usage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology leadership</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049988.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lifelong learning can be defined as all of the activities which aim to develop an individual’s skills, knowledge and abilities, socially, individually and professionally. Previous research on lifelong learning has been about using computers, digital competence and the correlation between demographic characteristics and intelligence. However, only one scale was used in this research, and, in general, only scores for demographic characteristics and lifelong learning were compared. In this research, the correlation between distance-learning students’ attitudes to technology, their frequency of use of smartphones and their attitudes to lifelong learning were examined. Reliability studies were carried out prior to the study and the Turkish adaptations of the scales published in international journals were administered with permission. The study sample consisted of 881 students studying in 12 different units of Hitit University: six Vocational Schools, four Faculties and two Graduate Schools. The data were analysed by creating a structural equation model on the open source R analysis program. According to the research results, there was a significant correlation between the three scales, and the correlation between the ‘lifelong learning’ scores and the ‘frequency of of smartphone usage’ scores was greater than the ‘technology attitudes’ scores. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86-99</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibrahim Erdogan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayse Ciftci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Sami Topcu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINATION OF THE QUESTIONS USED IN SCIENCE LESSONS AND ARGUMENTATION LEVELS OF STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">middle school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science lessons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers and students’ questions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513971319.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this research the argumentation levels of the 5th, 6th and 7th grade students and the questions of the teachers and students were examined. The sample group of the research was selected according to the homogeneous sampling method. This research is a descriptive research. The data were collected by using a voice recorder. The data of this research were evaluated according to the descriptive analysis approach. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the students used Level 1 argumentation which has the lowest quality more frequently in comparison with the higher ones and used the claim component more than other arguments and did not use the backing, qualifier, and rebuttal components. Furthermore, it was found that the questioning rates of the teachers were higher in comparison with the students and the questions of the teachers and students were usually at the levels of remembering and understanding. One of the factors that caused the argumentation level of the students to be low may have been that the teachers asked questions which were oriented to remembering. Therefore, the high level questions that ensure the initiation and continuation of the argumentation process should be inquired in the lessons.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">980-993</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daihu Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minghui Zhou</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING LOWER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ IMAGES AND OPINIONS OF THE BIOLOGIST</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Draw Biologist Test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational implications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">image of biologist</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower-secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513970788.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the past decades much research on the image of the scientist has been conducted, but the image of the specific scientist who does biological work, namely, the biologist, is under researched. Without this aspect of research school biology education may operate nowhere near to promoting the growth of students’ appropriate image of the biologist. Drawing on previous approach, this research presents students’ images of the biologist by administering a Draw Biologist Test (DBT) to 121 lower-secondary school students from the 7th, 8th and 9th grades. Findings indicate that when compared with the images elsewhere, the lower-secondary school students exhibit similar patterns regarding gender, teamwork and general attitude, but tend to include more descriptors of white lab coat, tidy hairstyle, microscope, other ethnicities, serious looking, practical activities and indoor contexts, fewer descriptors of knowledge and technology symbols and less gloomy side of biological work. It is suggested that school biology education should mitigate the gendered image of the biologist, duly expose students to more theoretical and outdoor biological activities, value cooperation and collaboration as well as transform students’ positive attitude into future engagements.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">855-872</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastura Halim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rohaida Mohd Saat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING IN MAKING A DECISION ON A SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUE USING A PERSUASIVE GRAPHIC ORGANISER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision-making</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">persuasive graphic organiser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socioscientific issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">understanding of scientific concepts</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509214372.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The common use of questionnaires and qualitative assessments revealed that students experience difficulties in visualising the structural complexity of decision making. Thus, the use of scientific knowledge was disconnected while making a preference. The focus of this research was to explore students’ understanding of the global warming issue using a Persuasive Graphic Organiser (PGO). This research was conducted among 36 students (Grades 7-9) at a school in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The developed PGO and interviews were utilised as the primary data collection techniques. Meanwhile, a constant comparative procedure was employed in the qualitative data analysis. Results showed that the use of PGO assisted students’ visualisation in relating three essential understandings of the global warming issue. The students were able to: 1) identify anthropogenic factor affecting global warming; 2) clarify the effects of global warming in health aspect, and 3) provide alternative solutions regarding green technology and daily practices. It was also found that PGO is operationally workable and can be conveniently utilised as a visualisation tool for promoting students’ understanding in socioscientific decision-making.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">813-824</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zulkarnaen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Z.A. Imam Supardi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEASIBILITY OF CREATIVE EXPLORATION, CREATIVE ELABORATION, CREATIVE MODELING, PRACTICE SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY, DISCUSSION, REFLECTION (C3PDR) TEACHING MODEL TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C3PDR teaching model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feasible</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">junior high school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513971535.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Creative exploration, Creative elaboration, Creative modeling, Practice scientific creativity, Discussion and Reflection (C3PDR) teaching model is a model specifically developed to improve the students’ scientific creativity of junior high school. This research is aimed to analyze the feasibility of C3PDR model in improving the students’ science creativity. The teaching model is considered feasible if it meets the criteria: valid, practical and effective. Ninety-six of the eighth-grade students in Samarinda, Indonesia who attended the science subjects participated in the research during the odd semester in academic year 2015/2016. Its validation was performed by three science education experts through focus group discussions and using validation sheets. The practicality of the model was assessed by 4 teachers using the observation sheets and the effectiveness of the model was determined based on the pre-test post-test of scientific creativity. Scientific creativity measured using Scientific Creativity Structure Model (SCSM) test. The results showed that this model has the content and construct validity in very valid category, practical, and effective with the statistic percentage of agreement R &gt; 85% and n-gain values = .42, and p &lt; .05. Thus, the C3PDR teaching model is feasible to improve the student’s scientific creativity of junior high school.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1020-1034</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uladzimir Slabin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasili Krasitski</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOR HUMANIZATION AND HISTORICISM: HOW WELL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS KNOW AND WHAT THEY THINK ABOUT CHEMICAL EPONYMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical eponym</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historicism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humanization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">named reaction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497156596.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical eponyms possess important didactic and axiological potential that can be utilized for implementation of the principles of humanization and historicism manifested in national educational standards. This study focused on students’ knowledge and views of eponyms in the light of history of science. 22 general chemistry students of Belarusian State University, 131 students of general and 119 students of organic chemistry of University of Oregon, all different majors, were surveyed on their knowledge and views of eponyms using a 24-item online questionnaire. Mann-Whitney coefficients were calculated to establish significant differences and Pearson chi-square test was applied to find correlations. It was found that students’ knowledge and views of eponyms are defined mostly by major: students majoring in teaching chemistry showed higher knowledge and expressed more positive views of eponyms than those majoring in non-teaching, non-chemistry and especially non-science. Other factors include students’ learning experience and study intensiveness. While didactic potential of eponyms is utilized anyway, utilization of their axiological potential depends on instructor’s willingness and mastery and should not be exaggerated as vehicles for the principles of humanization and historicism.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">250-265</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vesna D. Milanovic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dragica D. Trivic</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY AS A PART OF ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment in chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental results</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grammar school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">law of conservation of mass</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509214241.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to explore students’ ideas about chemical reactions and difficulties in understanding the law of conservation of mass in such reactions by using an approach that started from presentations of scientists’ work associated with the law. The developed test items relied on: 1) the historical contents that illustrate the experimental work of three scientists (Lavoisier, Landolt and Lomonosov); 2) the description of school experiments and 3) real life situation. In this way, students would have an opportunity to show understanding of the law of conservation of mass in two contexts, one based on the stories from the history of chemistry and the other contemporary, based on school laboratory experiments and real life situation. Students of different ages were selected for the research: the seventh and the eighth grade of primary school (age 13–14), and the second year of grammar school (age 16). The research involved a total of 301 students. The results indicated that students’ difficulties were mostly associated with the predictions and explanations of mass changes in open reaction systems in which a gas was a reactant than with the reactions in which a gas was a product. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">780-796</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miha Slapničar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iztok Devetak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saša A. Glažar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jerneja Pavlin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDENTIFICATION OF THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE STATES OF MATTER OF WATER AND AIR AMONG SLOVENIAN STUDENTS AGED 12, 14 AND 16 YEARS THROUGH SOLVING AUTHENTIC TASKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">authentic tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">macroscopic level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misunderstanding of pressure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">states of matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">submicroscopic level</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497963826.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the research was to identify how Slovenian primary and secondary school students of various age groups explain the particulate nature of the states of matter of water and air. The qualitative research included five 12, 14, and 16 year old students. A semi-structured interview including four computer-displayed tasks was used for the data collection. The research results show that all of the students correctly identified the states of matter of water at the particulate level, but not of air. It was found that the students had difficulty justifying their selection. The study confirmed the existence of: (a) misunderstanding regarding the interpretation of the particulate nature of matter, (b) a failure to distinguish between particle and matter, and (c) the inadequate description of submicroscopic level of matter with macroscopic level concept. The survey results provide an insight into the mindset of students and serve as a starting point for teachers’ lesson planning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">308-323</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hwoe-gwan Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDENTIFYING AND APPLYING FACTORS CONSIDERED IMPORTANT IN STUDENTS’ EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN SCIENTIFIC OPEN INQUIRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">checklist</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gifted education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific open inquiry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513971123.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Even though experimental design (ED) in open inquiry is important for more authentic scientific inquiry, it is not easy for students. The objective of this research was to identify factors considered important in students' ED and explore how to utilize it to improve students’ ED. To achieve the objective, in the first step, eighteen middle-school students in a gifted center participated in this study voluntarily. They were asked to design experimental procedures without any guidelines or help. Students’ EDs were analyzed qualitatively to extract difficulties that students experienced when designing experimental procedures. Based on analysis results, 17 factors were identified as factors to be considered for students’ ED and structured in a form of checklist. In the second step, the checklist was provided to 50 students in the gifted center as guidelines for their ED. They were then asked to design experimental procedures. Comparing scores of these students’ ED with those of the control group, it was found that these factors were significantly effective for improving students’ ED with high effect size. In conclusion, results of this research suggest that effective teaching strategy for students’ ED in scientific open inquiry can be obtained based on analysis about their difficulties in ED.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">932-945</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katarina B. Putica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dragica D. Trivić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DIGESTION THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF THE INTERDISCIPLINARY TEACHING APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functionalization of acquired knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary teaching approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">process of digestion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493050168.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescents are considered as a nutritionally vulnerable subgroup because of their alimentary behaviours. Considering that alimentary habits are strongly influenced by knowledge about digestion, an experiment was conducted with aim to determine whether conceptual understanding and functionalization of this knowledge can be improved by the interdisciplinary teaching approach. The experiment encompassed 258 students attending the fourth year of high school. No statistically significant difference in the level of the previously acquired chemistry, biology and physics knowledge concerning digestion between the two groups was determined on the pre-test. Conversely, the students in the experimental group significantly outperformed those in the control group on the post-test that required a deep understanding and the application of knowledge about digestion in solving real-life problems. Therefore, it was concluded that high- school teachers can be advised to apply the interdisciplinary teaching approach in order to improve their students' knowledge about this process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123-139</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilay Şener</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erol Taş</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING OF STUDENTS’ CREATIVE THINKING THROUGH  PURDUE MODEL IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Purdue model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science project</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497964027.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research is to develop a guide material prepared according to Purdue Model for the ‘The Let's Solve the Puzzle of Our Body’ unit in the 5th grade Science class at secondary school and to research the effects of this guide material on students’ creative thinking. For this purpose, the research was carried out by using the quasi experimental model, with pre-test and post-test control groups. Experimental application was carried out with 43 experimental group and 44 control group students, in total 87 students in Turkey. While in the experimental group applications were carried out based on the Purdue Model, in the control group the course was taught according to the activities stated in 2013 Ministry of National Education Science Curriculum in Turkey. The data of the research were collected using Torrance Test of Creative Thinking Verbal Form A-B and Figural Form A-B. As a result of the research, it was determined that verbal and formal creative thinking levels of the experimental group and the control group students were significantly different in favour of the experimental group students. On the basis of the results obtained from this research, some suggestions have been made to the educators and future researchers. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">350-365</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Špela Hrast</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferk Savec, V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFORMATIONAL VALUE OF SUBMICROSCOPIC REPRESENTATIONS IN SLOVENIAN CHEMISTRY TEXTBOOK SETS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry textbook sets</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">informational value</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">submicroscopic representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">textbook analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509213895.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research focuses on the informational value of submicroscopic representations (SMRs) in chemistry textbook sets for Slovenian primary schools (Grade 8 and Grade 9, students’ age 13-15 years). For the purpose of analysis a holistic criteria related to the accompanying descriptors of SMRs in textbook sets was developed. The research revealed four main holistic descriptors accompanying SMRs, i.e. direct descriptor (D), indirect descriptor (I), combined descriptor (C), and SMRs without descriptors (W), which support learners’ recognition of SMRs’ informational value on different levels by providing different accompanying add-ons of SMRs. In-depth analysis identified 14 main categories of the underlying representational types of SMR add-ons. The significance of the research is in initiating a discussion about the holistic criteria for the description of SMRs integrated in the textbook sets, because in practice the learner perceives each SMR as a whole.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">694-705</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Majda Fiksl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INNOVATIVE TEACHING/LEARNING METHODS TO IMPROVE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING CLASSROOM CLIMATE AND INTEREST</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">innovative didactical methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students interest</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513971461.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For successful work in the classroom, it is important to create a positive climate and to involve students actively in the process of learning. The presented research focused on how the students perceived the classroom climate, and on their interest in the contents of the subject Science, Engineering and Technology (STE). 92 primary school sixth- and seventh-grade students had been included in research. Two groups are established, one from a class using mainly frontal teaching methods (control group) and another, expert group from a class using an innovative teaching/learning methods mainly as problem and research-based learning and participatory learning supported with information communication technology.
To measure the classroom climate and the students' interest, a survey with 54 statements was used. The results confirmed changes in the perception of classroom climate and in the popularity of contents taught in STE, in relation to the teaching methods used. It was established that innovative teaching/learning methods increase the students′ interest, and help to improve classroom climate. 
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1009-1019</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Andersson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margareta Enghag</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE LABORATORY WORK STYLE’S INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">different styles of laboratory work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">different types of talk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative analysis of students’ communication</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513971251.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">More knowledge of how the actual design of the laboratory work influence students’ communication, is needed to design and implement physics laboratory work lessons. The aim with this quantitative research, conducted at a Swedish upper secondary school, was to explore how the design of the laboratory work affects students’ communication. Twenty students divided into five groups participated in this natural case study and were video recorded while performing four practical tasks with the theme uniformly accelerated motion, designed by their teacher. The four workstations were categorised based on three predefined descriptors: outcome, approach and procedure. Students’ work at each workstation was coded according to five defined activities: planning, preparing equipment, collecting data, processing data and analysis of results. The activities were thereafter divided into shorter episodes that were coded for three different types of communication: disputational talk, cumulative talk and exploratory talk. The result shows that the amount of exploratory talk students engaged in are influenced by the style of the laboratory work and the character of the activity. Based on these research results, teachers can better accustom the laboratory work to facilitate fruitful physics discussions which endorse students’ learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">958-979</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syuhendri Syuhendri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A LEARNING PROCESS BASED ON CONCEPTUAL CHANGE APPROACH TO FOSTER CONCEPTUAL CHANGE IN NEWTONIAN MECHANICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change texts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Newtonian mechanics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predict-observe-explain-apply</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497156471.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of conceptual change learning approach based on conceptual change model over traditional instruction on the improvement of physics education undergraduate students’ conceptual understanding in Newtonian mechanics. A quasi experimental research method with pre-test and post-test control group design was employed. The sample chosen based on purposive technique sampling comprising of 73 students was in two groups selected randomly each as experimental and control group. Predict-Observe-Explain-Apply (POEA) and using Conceptual Change Texts (CCT) strategies were implemented in the experimental group. The Force Concept Inventory (FCI) in Indonesian was used to collect data before and after treatments. The results show that the conceptual understandings of students who were taught using strategies under conceptual change approach was significantly better than those of the traditional approach. The research confirmed that only learning based on conceptual change model could improve learners’ Newtonian mechanics conceptual understanding.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">228-240</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gordana Miscevic Kadijevic</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ABOUT DIFFERENT ANIMALS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">didactically modeled activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental representations of animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503904873.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adequate mental representations of animals are important for children’s personal development, because they result in their appropriate treatment of such animals, which would not, for example, compromise either animals’ or children’s safety. By using a convenient sample of 101 six- to seven-year old children, this research examined these representations regarding animals’ names, feeding habits, body coverings, and dangerousness. The representations were assessed using a questionnaire referring to 18 animals, and the research focused on the frequency of correct responses and gender differences in these responses for each animal. It was found that whereas the naming of animals was very successful, the mental representations of animals’ feeding habits and body coverings were less mature, including some misconceptions not found in previous studies. In addition, the participants’ explanations about why animals are dangerous or harmless revealed that their mental representations about different animals were correct to a moderate degree. Finally, gender differences in the mental representations were almost missing. Some implications for school or kindergarten work with children are given (e.g., reducing misconceptions about and fear of some animals). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">500-509</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELLING IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION: THE WAY TO GET THE BETTER RESULTS IN REAL THROUGH THE USE OF AN IDEALIZED UNDERSTANDING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computational modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theoretical investigation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ways of reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049329.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The initial period of Science was almost completely empirical. Both Science itself and Science Education were based on the experiment. Then Science gained the new paradigm which was rather formal by nature and fundamental in methodological meaning. Still the tool for interconversion between the empiric and theoretical moieties seems to be the core point of the consideration and can be associated with the problem of modeling, which is one of the most important in modern Science. Earlier we postulated (Lakhvich, Kostareva, Lehankova, 2009; Lakhvich, 2010) that adequate modelling and visualization in particular is to be the core element for the modern Educational model and paradigm for Science. A great number of publications, devoting to the problem, confirm dramatically its relevance. Still the discussion in many aspects manifested the initial stage of the recognition, models mostly being discussed in terms of object recognition and computational modeling. We consider the category of modelling is more comprehensive and can be discussed in various aspects, some of them are all-pervading philosophy principle (Harnad, 1987), psychological tool for cognition (Lakhvich, Kostareva, Lehankova, 2009) and finally the model having for Science its own complex structure.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Akilli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Genç</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF SELECTED AFFECTIVE FACTORS ON LEARNING STRATEGIES AND CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude towards science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning value</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural equation model (SEM)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503905406.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is well known affective, cognitive and psychomotor factors have positive effects on science learning process. All these factors have interaction between themselves. So it is important to research what is the size and direction of these interactions. The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of value, attitude and self-efficacy on active learning strategies and classroom activities using Structural Equation Model. The research was conducted by the analysis of students’ answers to questionnaires data using Structural Equation Modelling. Initially KMO and Bartlett’s tests were done to test appropriateness of scale to factor analysis. Then theoretical structural model was tested using LISREL.  At the end of the SEM test, it was found that there are positive effects of selected affective factors on learning strategies and classroom activities. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">599-611</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Astrid von Albedyll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisa Vogt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daniel Dreesmann</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUCH MORE THAN OLD WINE IN NEW SKINS: STUDENTS’ AND ADULTS’ KNOWLEDGE ON GRAPEVINE AND VINEYARDS AS A STARTING POINT FOR NEW TOPICS IN SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">botany and viticulture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge on grapevine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainability education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503905462.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young people continually lose contact to their natural surroundings and agriculture. As school is one of young people’s main source of knowledge it should bring students and nature back together, by using agricultural examples. This research examines German students’ and adults’ knowledge on plant biological basics and viticulture choosing grapevine as an agricultural example of plants. It was undertaken as a paper-and-pencil test with participants of different ages and from different educational backgrounds. The results reveal the weaknesses of participants’ knowledge concerning botanical as well as viticultural aspects. Additionally, the results show a positive correlation between their age and their knowledge on viticulture. Thus, it shows the chance given by developing new teaching material meeting curriculum requirements, modern didactical approaches and the attempt of reconnecting young people with their agricultural surroundings. By using the example of grapevine a local and culturally important agricultural plant is chosen as a representative of different phenomena of botany as well as steps of food processing.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">612-624</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadaraj Govender</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duduzile Zulu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL SCIENCES JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF SCIENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON THEIR PLANNING OF LESSONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">junior high school teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lesson planning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497964085.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An adequate understanding and classroom application of the Nature of Science (NOS) has become imperative for science teachers. Current research in senior high school science teachers’ understanding of NOS is extensive but junior high school natural sciences teachers’ understanding of NOS and planning of lessons requires further exploration. Six junior high school natural sciences teachers’ understandings of NOS, and how they translated their NOS understandings into lesson planning in South Africa were explored. The conceptual framework of the NOS used in this research is drawn from the seven NOS aspects of explicit and implicit teaching of NOS. Data were collected from teachers’ academic background questionnaires, Views of Nature of Science (VNOS(C)) questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and lesson planning documents of teachers. Data were analysed descriptively and interpretively. The findings revealed that junior high school teachers possessed inadequate understanding of NOS, and that their planning for teaching NOS was hardly influenced by their understanding of NOS aspects. The teachers’ work-schedules and lesson plans showed little explicit links of NOS aspects to lesson content. The research findings have implications for the preparation of lessons with NOS aspects linked to the curriculum content.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">366-378</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serap Çalışkan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYSICS ANXIETY OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS AND THEIR SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS: DIFFERENCES ACCORDING TO GENDER AND PHYSICS ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers' gender</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509213809.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research is to determine the predictive level of physics self-efficacy with regard to physics anxiety and the correlations between the physics anxiety and self-efficacy of pre-service teachers, also to examine whether physics anxiety and self-efficacy beliefs differ depending on pre-service teachers' achievement in physics and their gender. The research was conducted with 344 pre-service teachers enrolled at a state university in Turkey. The data obtained were analyzed using means (M), standard deviation (SD), simple regression analysis, the one-way multivariate analysis of variance (one-way MANOVA) and as a follow-up test, the univariate analysis of variance (univariate ANOVA). The outcome of the research indicating the physics anxiety of the pre-service teachers was a significant predictor of their physics self-efficacy, significant differences between physics anxiety and self-efficacy depending upon the level of achievement in the physics course, also showing that in general, female pre-service teachers had significantly higher levels of anxiety compared to males and that with respect to self-efficacy, differences were in favor of male pre-service teachers only in the dimension of problem-solving in physics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">678-693</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iztok Tomažič</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nina Pihler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelka Strgar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE BIOLOGY TEACHERS’ REPORTED FEAR AND DISGUST OF ANIMALS AND THEIR WILLINGNESS TO INCORPORATE LIVE ANIMALS INTO THEIR TEACHING THROUGH STUDY YEARS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disgust of animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fear of animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students beliefs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497963955.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this research, the self-reported fear and disgust toward animals of pre-service biology teachers and their willingness to incorporate live animals into their teaching were assessed with a questionnaire. An entire generation of pre-service biology teachers (N = 128) participated in this research. The results show that students are mostly afraid of animals that are potentially dangerous to humans such as large predators and are disgusted mostly by animals that are small and wet looking, like a slug. The students were less willing to incorporate animals that they reported to be most fearful or disgusting into their teaching. Considering that throughout their study years, there was practically no change in students’ levels of fear, disgust and willingness to incorporate live animals into their teaching calls for an improvement of the biology teacher education study programme in order to train teachers that are skilled and willing to use live animals in their teaching. One of the solutions could be offering pre-service teachers as many first-hand experiences with live animals as possible either in a formal learning environment, such as the university or, in case of large animals (predators), in informal learning environments, like a zoo or a national park.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">337-349</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şenel Çoruhlu, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ CONCEPTIONS OF THE &quot;CONDUCTION OF HEAT IN SOLIDS&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conduction of heat in solid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-age study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497156077.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There has been various researchers focus on “heat transfer&quot;. &quot;Convection, radiation and conduction&quot; discussed as mere elements of the wider object of analysis in these research. Given the lack of sufficient emphasis on conduction in solids, no cross age research conducted with pre-service science teachers supported by drawings, interviews, and open-ended questions could be found. Employing a cross-age design, this research determined pre-service science teachers' (PSTs’) conceptions in the &quot;conduction of heat in solid&quot;.  The sample group of the research consists of 257 PSTs (first year student-n=55; second year student-n=76, third year student-n=56, and fourth year student-n=70) selected from Department of Science Education in Fatih Faculty of Education at the Karadeniz Technical University in the city of Trabzon in Turkey. Conceptual understanding test and semi-structured interview were used in the data collection process. The test including two questions was administered to 257 PSTs from different years. Semi-structured interview including one question was conducted with 16 voluntary PSTs (4 students from each grade level). The research found that PSTs had difficulties in terms of describing and showing the movement of the particles of solid under the impact of heat. In the light of the findings, it can be suggested that animations should be used to the teaching of the movement of the particles under the impact of heat. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">163-174</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Demirbağ</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevgi Kingir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROMOTING PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING ABOUT BOILING BY DIALOGIC TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">boiling topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dialogic teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503904739.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to reach students who can efficiently use intended scientific understandings, it is important to have science teachers without conceptual difficulties. The aim of present research is to enhance pre-service science teachers’ conceptual understanding about boiling by dialogic teaching. The sample consisted of forty-three pre-service science teachers in their first year of teacher education. Dialog-based instructional activities were conducted in a chemistry laboratory course. Audio recordings of classroom discourse and written texts were used for data collection. Pre-service science teachers’ conceptions about boiling identified before and after dialogic teaching were analyzed using content analysis.. The findings showed that dialogic teaching efficiently supported pre-service science teachers’ understanding about boiling.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">459-471</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindelani Mnguni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENROLMENT IN BIOLOGY, HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE AND RELATED BEHAVIOUR AMONG SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOLGIRLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">behavioural intention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV/AIDS literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South African schoolgirls</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513970930.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In spite of integrating HIV/AIDS education in South African curricula the prevalence of HIV in 2016 was the highest since 2002. HIV infection rate is particularly high among schoolgirls compared with boys. Using a closed-ended questionnaire, this quantitative survey research compared Biology and non-Biology schoolgirls’ (n=291) behavioural intention, Health Literacy and HIV/AIDS Literacy to determine if enrolling for Biology, and subsequently learning about the scientific nature of HIV/AIDS would reduce risk behaviour among schoolgirls. Results indicate that Biology students have higher Health Literacy and HIV/AIDS Literacy than non-Biology students. The behavioural intentions of both groups were not significantly different. Health Literacy and HIV/AIDS Literacy did not correlate significantly with behavioural intention, which were indicative of risk behaviour. These findings suggest that enrolling for Biology and other science subjects and subsequently learning about HIV/AIDS may not reduce risk behaviour among schoolgirls.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">898-907</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paweł Bernard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karol Dudek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REVISITING STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF RESEARCH SCIENTISTS – OUTCOMES OF AN INDIRECT DRAW-A-SCIENTIST TEST (InDAST)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drawings analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender and science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">image of scientists</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientist stereotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM careers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503905214.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">What is the image of research scientists in students’ minds? Studies in this area have been underway for more than fifty years and suggest that scientists are perceived as bespectacled men in lab coats, working alone in rooms full of basic lab glassware. This image has been derived mainly from the analysis of drawings, known as the Draw-A-Scientist Test (DAST). However, DAST instructions are based on the word, “scientists”, the meaning of which seems too narrow for today’s world and not reflecting the wide range of STEM-based research careers. Moreover, the instructions can predetermine the number and gender of people in the picture. For this reason, a new tool has been developed which provides an indirect analysis – the Indirect Draw-A-Scientist Test (InDAST). The new instrument was used in an experiment with secondary-school students (n = 851), and the resulting image of the scientist was compared with an earlier experiment that employed the original DAST instructions. The results showed that the basic attributes, appearance, and workplace of scientists are similar in both studies, but the new procedure disproved the theory that scientists are perceived as men working alone and that female students do not see themselves as scientists.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">562-575</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meng-Fei Cheng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jang-Long Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shih-Yin Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chi-Ho Cheng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCAFFOLDING MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MODELING PROCESSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">magnetism concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of models and modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific modeling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497156343.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research explores how scaffolding students’ reflections on scientific modeling criteria influence the students’ views on scientific models, development of explanatory models, and understanding of scientific models. This research recruited treatment groups and comparison groups in middle schools and high schools. The treatment groups adopted a modeling curriculum that was intended to help students engage in scientific modeling by developing scientific models of magnetism while considering scientific modeling criteria. The comparison groups used the traditional curriculum, which offers students scientific models of magnetism. The results show that the modeling curriculum enhanced the students’ views on scientific models and the students’ ability to develop explanatory models of magnetism and modeling criteria. Thus, the findings indicate that the modeling curriculum might serve as a promising tool to facilitate teaching scientific modeling to middle school and high school students, and that the curriculum should be promoted as early as middle school.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207-217</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alba Guzmán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Oliveros</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mauricio Mendoza</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC COMPETENCIES: A MECHANISM TO FAVOUR THE INCLUSION OF WORKING MARKET PROFESSIONALS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">labour market</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research training</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific competences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific competencies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497156148.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Institutions of Higher Education seek to instil in their students the scientific competencies throughout the guidance of different included courses in their curriculums. However, the assimilation of diverse methodologies evidence the lack of development of those scientific competencies necessary for professionals to be graduated and therefore required by the labour market. This research examines the research competencies of students of higher education sample (N=189) to determine their appreciation towards scientific competencies they consider to have developed in both their educational processes. The results prove the perception of subjects in respect to the development of interpersonal and intrapersonal skills, decision-making, problem-solving and acquisition of scientific competences, the basic ones; use of technology, appropriation of new knowledge, self-learning and search of information, specialized competences, drafting of reports, design of articles, presentations, development of degree works and definition of new projects. The application of ANOVA detects that there are significant differences according to the gender of subjects on competencies referred to the search of physical information where women stand out, and reading comprehension of documents in English where men stand out. Besides, it’s demonstrated that these competences contribute to students’ critical thinking. IES required to include research as mechanism to strengthen the education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175-187</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uladzimir Slabin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC EPONYM IN EDUCATIONAL UNIVERSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational Universes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge elements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific eponyms</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497155947.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strictly speaking, knowledge for every object in educational Universe is limited by ignorance or, in other words, these two components co-exist. However, pedagogy primarily deals with knowledge, its acquisition and retention. It ignores the ignorance, leaving it as a subject for a more generic science of psychology. Similarly, atomic nuclei in real Universe are a subject for a more generic science of physics, being only slightly studied in chemistry. To research on knowledge is by far easier than on ignorance, same as chemical research involving mere electron shells is easier than physical research targeting atomic nuclei.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">144-147</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENT RESEARCH: ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE NATURE AND PROCESS OF SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning database</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513970657.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In April of 2017, I was working with the team of FEBS (Federation of European Biochemical Societies) Education Ambassadors from different European countries and Education Committee members in Université Paris Descartes. This was a significant event, involving FEBS Constituent Societies, to create a platform at the Europen level to brainstorm on educational issues across Europe. The discussions focused on what would be done in order to meet the mission and vision of FEBS on educational issues  ̶  to promote education throughout Europe. Along with the other very important issues (curriculum, inventory of key skills, good practice, etc.) the working group on learning resources has elaborated short and long term objectives to formation of an appropriate learning database in the field of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology education. The participants discussed a lot about the importance of inquiry based approach which includes in particular the conduction, evaluation and presentation of Student Research. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">832-835</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng-Bo Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Min-Kai Dong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A STUDY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN TEACHERS’ TEACHING STYLES AND STUDENTS’ PARTICIPATION MOTIVATION IN THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">participation motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-determination theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher’s leadership</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497156282.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Based on Self-determination Theory (SDT), this research intends to analyze the effect of different physical education (PE) teachers’ teaching styles on students’ class participation motivation in universities. Students of some universities and colleges in Sichuan Province and Shanghai Municipality, China, are researched. Total 871 valid copies of questionnaire are retrieved for testing the research hypotheses. The results reveal positive correlation between incentive, intelligence inspiration and the intrinsic motivation of student learning as well as between charisma and the extrinsic motivation of student learning in transformational leadership. In transactional leadership, contingent reward and positive involving management show positive relationship with the intrinsic motivation of student learning, and negative involving management also presents positive relationship with the extrinsic motivation of student learning. Finally, it is suggested that PE teachers should build the situation which could satisfy the needs of autonomy, sense of competence and sense of belonging as well as create the physical education environment which could satisfy basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and sense of belonging to reinforce students’ positive motivation on physical education. Sports education is the most important education to develop the students’ physical and mental health. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">199-206</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hui-Min Chien</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A STUDY OF VOLUNTEERS’ SCIENCE SERVICE SATISFACTION IN RELATION TO THEIR SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING AND MOTIVATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prime motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science volunteers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-directed learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">service satisfaction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497156211.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Taiwan, the Science Volunteer Locomotive (SVL) Program has been in operation for the past ten years. During these years of its implementation, the SVL Program has continued to participate in and co-ordinate various national scientific activities. This study examined the relationships between volunteers’ prime motivations, self-directed learning and satisfaction among Taiwanese science volunteers. To explore volunteers’ perspectives on their involvement in science service, in this research, we developed three questionnaires to investigate the relationships among volunteers’ motivation, self-directed learning and satisfaction with their science service. The study sample included 289 volunteers, taken from a project for science volunteers run by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan. The results indicate that the prime motivations and self-directed learning of science volunteers are focused on doing something meaningful for others and for society in general. It was found that the science volunteers’ motivation, self-directed learning and satisfaction all had significant positive correlations. The findings suggest that science training programs may provide some motivational support to enhance satisfaction, so that science volunteers will be more inclined to participate in collaborative scientific projects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">188-198</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King-Dow Su</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TACTIC FULFILLMENTS OF THREE CORRELATIONS FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING MAPS AND ANIMATED PRESENTATIONS TO ASSESS STUDENTS’ STOICHIOMETRY PERFORMANCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stoichiometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tactic fulfillments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">three correlations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509214073.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research focuses on students’ tactic assessments of 3 correlations with illustrated 2-step strategic map and animated presentations in stoichiometry. The participants were divided into 2 learning groups: the experimental and the control group by quasi-experimental approach. Most of all, experimental group participants have been contingent on critical performances of thinking capabilities in accordance with tactic fulfillments of 3 correlations helpfully. In contrast with statistic findings of post-tests, experimental group participants get more formulated goals of individual learning in answering 5 algorithmic and conceptual pairs of achievement test items than those of control group participants. Students’ shift of reasoning from model-based to case-based requires them to explore an effective mental cognition and responses for full-fledged performances of problem-solving skills. After tactic fulfillments for 3 study objectives of visualized developments, experimental group participants have upgraded a distinct learning accumulation and project-based feedback at their best learning performances.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">733-745</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tormi Kotkas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Holbrook</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A THEORY-BASED INSTRUMENT TO EVALUATE MOTIVATIONAL TRIGGERS PERCEIVED BY STUDENTS IN STEM CAREER-RELATED SCENARIOS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instrument evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivational triggers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM career-related scenarios</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM-related careers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513970725.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students’ lack of motivation in learning school science has been recognized as a problem, due to its negative impact on students´ STEM-related career choices. For supporting students´ motivation to study science, the use of an introduction which sets the scene, sometimes called a scenario, has been recommended. Although scenarios, which introduce STEM-related careers in an everyday life problem solving context, are seen as useful tools for the teachers, they are not automatically guaranteed to be motivating to students. The current research aims to develop an empirically tested and validated instrument to measure the impact of context-based scenarios, through evaluating perceived motivational triggers such as relevance, interest and enjoyment by 7th grade students. An analysis of students´ responses showed that the test scenario was able to trigger mostly situational interest toward the topic of energetics. Only a small number of students indicated motivation to take the learning of this topic further.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">836-854</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Gustafsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hans G. Eriksson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A TOOL TO SUPPORT LECTURERS’ COURSE DEVELOPMENT AT INTRODUCTORY UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL IN PHYSICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content representation; course development; physics education; university level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049776.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">With more diversified student groups entering the university, the development and planning of courses become more pedagogically challenging. In earlier studies, a validated tool, content representation (CoRe), has been used in teacher education to help pre-service teachers identify and promote pedagogical content knowledge in limited teaching sequences. In the present research the aim is to explore whether CoRe, when applied to an introductory university course in physics, can (i) promote the pedagogical content knowledge of the course as a whole and (ii) serve as an operative tool to identify problematic areas or areas that need further development in the course. The CoRe tool is based on given questions to be answered in relation to the “big ideas” of the course. In the present research, the questions have been answered by a lecturer and by using a content analysis of the answers several categories of development could be identified. For a specific category, the tool also provided information about what kind of development was necessary. The conclusion is that CoRe has a potential to be of service at higher education level, it can be applied to parts of a course as well as to a course as a whole, and it may provide a useful tool to help a lecturer in the development and planning of a course.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56-63</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abraham Motlhabane</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNPACKING THE SOUTH AFRICAN PHYSICS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO BLOOMS’ REVISED TAXONOMY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics examination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quality of education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">revised Bloom’s taxonomy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513971062.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The quality and standard of South African examination questions for the grade 12 examination have become an important issue for the South African education system. So far, the focus of empirical research has been on factors that lead to poor performance in the Physical sciences as well as the alignment of the grade 12 Physical Sciences examination with the core curriculum in South Africa.  On the contrary, this research paper focuses on a different aspect: the weaknesses and the strengths of the Physics examination questions. It addresses the question of how the Physics examination questions cover higher and lower order level questions in the Bloom’s revised taxonomy. To answer this question, the Physics examination questions of the year 2014 and 2015 were analysed using Bloom’s revised taxonomy of learning objectives. The examination questions were codified and the frequencies and percentages of occurrence of different learning objectives were calculated. The results show that third level cognitive skills were more prevalent than other ones. Furthermore, examiners asked questions that require application and few questions requiring the recall of knowledge. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">919-931</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USER-FRIENDLY REPORTING OF RESEARCH FINDINGS FROM A QUESTIONNAIRE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research articles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research findings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research instruments</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509213519.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hooray! You have succeeded in publishing an article based on your own, yet unpublished questionnaire. This can certainly be regarded as a personal success. However, many articles based on questionnaires are not particularly reader-friendly. I am sure that these authors are not being deliberately evil; however, in their path to fame, they forget that their writing is not a secret diary but something that should communicate readily with the reader.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">632-633</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kateřina Chroustová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VALIDATION OF THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTS TOWARD SUITABILITY OF EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE FOR CHEMISTRY EDUCATION: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN USERS AND NONUSERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education software</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology acceptance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513970871.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research was to empirically validate constructs for evaluation of teachers' attitudes toward usage of educational software in chemistry teaching. Questionnaire with items transformed from UTAUT (Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology) and other technology acceptance theories were filled in by 556 Czech chemistry teachers. All constructs passed recommended .7 thresholds of Cronbach’s alpha so they can be used in acceptability researches before and after introduction of educational software or building models. However, analyses of effect sizes show that there are not only differences between users and all nonusers generally, but also prove differences between various types of nonusers. Nonusers were established as a) those who had used educational software and abandoned it; b) those who do not use educational software, but are planning to use it in the future, and c) those who do not use educational software and have no intentions to use it. An unexpected finding reveals that differences among subgroups of nonusers can be even larger than between users and nonusers, especially the group c) is an outstanding group. Consequently, factors and their influence on the acceptance and use of educational software in chemistry teaching should be explored for each group separately.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">873-897</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paken Pandiangan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I Gusti Made Sanjaya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE VALIDITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICS INDEPENDENT LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE PHYSICS PROBLEM SOLVING AND SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION SYSTEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electricity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">magnetism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model effectiveness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model validity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics problem-solving skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PIL model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-directed learning skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509213674.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Physics Independent Learning (PIL) model is an authentic problem-based model designed teaching guide for improving self-directed learning and problem-solving skills in open and distance education. This research is aimed to analyze the validity and effectiveness of PIL model. This research was conducted using focus group discussions of experts that consisted of three science education experts and applies quasi-experiment of one group pre-test and post-test design to 144 students in East Java, Indonesia. Before applying the lesson using the PIL model, the students are given pre-test and after accomplishing the learning, the students are given post-test. The data collected from pre-test and post-test then is further analyzed by means of validity coefficient (rα), Cronbach’s alpha (α), pair t-test, n-gain and ANOVA. The result of research shows that rα = .75 and α = .92 is for content validity; rα = .79 and   α = .99 is for construct validity, so that PIL model is validity and reliability qualified. In addition, there are increasing scores of physics problem solving skills and self-directed learning skills of α = 5% with moderate category of n-gain consistent in a limited trial test and of high category in a broader trial test for all groups.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">651-665</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Senar Temel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şenol Şen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özgür Özcan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY ANALYSES FOR THE NATURE OF SCIENCE INSTRUMENT SECONDARY (NOSI-S)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instrument reliability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instrument validity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NOSI-S</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1497964369.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-ISSN 2538-7138</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aims to adapt The Nature of Science Instrument Elementary Scale (NOSI-E) developed by Peoples (2012) into Turkish for secondary school students and to analyse the psychometric properties of the scale setting out from the fact that it is a necessity of science education aimed to achieve for students/prospective teachers to have adequate understanding of the nature of science. The validity analyses for the scale were performed with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Cronbach alpha (α) coefficients were calculated for reliability. Following CFA, it was taken for granted that the fit indices for the model met the goodness of fit criterion. On examining the fit indices, the scale was regarded to attain construct validity due to the fact that the χ2/df ratio (1.42) was below 3, that the RMSEA value was at the level of .04 and that the NNFI and CFI (&gt;.90) values were at acceptable levels. On the other hand, α coefficients, which were the internal consistency coefficients calculated for the reliability analysis of the scale, were found to range between .631 and .775, and for the overall scale was calculated as .814. These reliability index values were considered to be at acceptable levels. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">429-437</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berat Ahi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE WORLD OF PLANTS IN CHILDREN’S DRAWINGS: COLOR PREFERENCES AND THE EFFECT OF AGE AND GENDER ON THESE PREFERENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biological knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children’s’ drawing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenomenological model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant world</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049530.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants is a neglected topic in biology education. Educational activities about plants are important in early terms because they are the base of both the science and the biology education. The purpose of this research is to understand opinions of the children by utilizing drawings and the colors they used. It is run by the phenomenological model point of view in qualitative research method. In the scope of the research, researchers worked with 80 children (40 girls, 40 boys). Data of the research consist of children's drawings. In this context, A4 sized papers and crayons have been distributed to children and they have been asked to make drawings of plants. At the end of the research, it was found that there was a total of 21 different elements and that these elements were drawn 237 times in the children’s drawings. Moreover, no statistically significant dependence was particularly found between the elements of the sun, tree, flower, grass and rain, and age and gender. Similarly, while no significant correlation was found between the number of colors used in the drawings and age, a statistically significant correlation between the number of preferred colors and gender was found in favor of the girls. Furthermore, it was found that the children preferred light colors in their drawings. In light of the findings of the current research, it can be argued that science education given during the preschool period should be conducted by using methods, which are enjoyable and allow children to reflect the knowledge in their minds, for example, through drawings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32-42</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jingying Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ying Zhao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON THE UNDERSTANDINGS OF NATURE OF SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY BETWEEN SCIENCE TEACHERS FROM SHANGHAI AND CHICAGO</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemological belief in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific inquiry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481286413.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature of science is considered to be an important component of scientific literacy, and understanding the nature of science is advocated as an important goal of science education. Scientific inquiry is regarded as the core of curriculum reform, which has become the consensus of the international K-12 science education, as well as a scientific direction for which educators have been striving over the last century. To compare the views of nature of science and scientific inquiry of teachers between China and United States, 90 high school science teachers from Shanghai and Chicago are chosen to do open-ended questionnaires and interviews. By conducting the sequential mixed method and using the empirical investigations of VNOS-D and VOSI-S, their different understandings mainly perform in the specific aspects of nature of science and scientific inquiry, cognitive stages, types and relationships etc. Overall, the level of American teachers’ views of nature of science and science inquiry are better than Chinese. Finally, some suggestions on Chinese science teachers’ education are proposed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97–108 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629301918.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 15, No. 5, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">555</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631343570.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631292204.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629378711.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">407</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629442494.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629272954.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 15, No. 6, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">659</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namudar İzzet Kurbanoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Koç Nefes</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTEXT-BASED QUESTIONS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: THEIR EFFECTS ON TEST ANXIETY AND SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT IN RELATION TO THE GENDER OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based questions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conventional questions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Test Anxiety</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422784.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Context-based questions can be effective in reducing test anxiety and increasing science achievement. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of context-based questions on the test anxiety and science achievement of secondary school students enrolled in a science course, in relation to gender. Seventy students who were found to have high levels of test anxiety were selected from the 185 seventh-grade students at a public school in Turkey. The Revised Test Anxiety Scale (RTAS) was used to measure the students’ test anxiety. The scores the students obtained in three different examinations were considered as indicators of their academic achievement. The analysis results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the test anxiety and science achievement scores of the students who were given context-based questions and the corresponding scores of the students who were given conventional questions. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the main effect of gender and treatment and there was no gender interaction effect. These findings suggest that context-based questions can be considered as a better alternative to conventional questions for reducing students’ test anxiety and improving their science achievement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">382-390</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629301855.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 15, No. 5, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">553-554</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629272894.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 15, No. 6, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">657-658</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629378630.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">405-406</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629442420.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">265-266</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631292147.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">133-134</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631343518.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Vlckova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CZECH HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT BASIC GENETIC CONCEPTS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic genetics concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetics learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482503099.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The revelation of misconceptions contributes to better education, especially when that information is described in a specific field of science. Additionally, genetics is one of very problematic topics, and misconceptions appear there frequently as there are difficult interconnections among them. The main aim of the study was to explore high school students´ misconceptions about basic genetics concepts. Moreover the influence of gender was also examined. Respondents were 102 Czech high school students of two high schools. Research tool was test containing 15 two tier questions concerning about basic genetics concepts like chromosome, DNA, allele and gene. Reliability was determined with the use of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The result of Kolmogor-Smirnov test allowed to use parametric statistical methods. The data were analysed by the using of descriptive statistical methods (mean score) and inferential statistical methods (ANOVA). Concept ‘DNA’ was determined as the most problematic one for students, contrarily concept ‘allele’ was the simplest one. It was found that high school students do not understand selected basic genetic concepts. In addition, students do not interconnect genetic concepts within one complex system of knowledge, they also do not realise structure and hierarchy of these concepts. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">738–745 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilek Sultan Acarli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINING PROSPECTIVE BIOLOGY TEACHERS’ COGNITIVE STRUCTURE IN TERMS OF “BIOTECHNOLOGY”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">draw-and-write technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching of biotechnology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">word association test</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482424017.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knowledge concerning continuously improving branches of science such as biotechnology in particular is difficult to be understood properly by students, or they learn it incorrectly. One of the most important reasons for this is that students cannot associate in their mind the relevant concepts. The aim of this research is to determine prospective biology teachers’ conceptual framework of biotechnology, and thus determining their cognitive structure. The data were collected from 34 prospective biology teachers. Considering the fact that these prospective biology teachers had taken biotechnology course previously, they were selected on the basis of volunteering. Word association test and draw-and-write technique were used in collecting the data. The data obtained were organised on the basis of qualitative content analysis. Then the data were grouped into 7 categories (methods/techniques, biotechnology applications, genetics, other branches of science, organisms, meaning attributed to biotechnology, laboratory) according to word association test, and into 4 categories (methods/techniques, biotechnology applications, genetics, organisms) according to draw-and-write technique. According to the research findings, almost half of the prospective teachers had correct and appropriate associations for biotechnology, whereas a considerable part of them did not have adequate conceptual associations. Also, it was found that prospective teachers had misconceptions about biotechnology. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">494–505</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ana Valdmann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmae</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Holbrook</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A CPD PROGRAMME FOR ENHANCING SCIENCE TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY TOWARDS MOTIVATIONAL CONTEXT-BASED TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-stage education through science (EtS) model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivist socio-cultural professional development model (CSPM)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teacher Needs Questionnaire (TNQ)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422247.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of an enacted professional development (CPD) programme to promote teacher’s self-efficacy with respect to implementing motivational, context-based science teaching, following an education through science (EtS), three-stage model approach. The CPD is designed, based on a constructivist, socio-cultural professional development model (CSPM) to meet professional needs of each teacher within a predetermined teaching-learning approach and enacted through suitable instructional methods linked to teacher as learner, teacher as teacher and teacher as reflective practitioner. The effectiveness of the CPD is identified by means of a carefully constructed and validated Teacher Needs Questionnaire (TNQ), plus follow-up teacher interviews. Findings suggest the outcomes of the CPD, both from pre-post use of the TNQ and the undertaking of interventions, using teaching-learning modules based on the CPD, are effective in raising teacher’s self-efficacy with respect to new interdisciplinary content knowledge, teaching approaches and classroom implementation, seen as being in line with curriculum expectations. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">284-297</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endang Susantini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulfi Faizah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muji Sri Prastiwi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suryanti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING  EDUCATIONAL VIDEO TO IMPROVE THE USE OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN COOPERATIVE LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational video</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482503022.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research developed educational video that showed a modeling of using scientific approach in cooperative learning. The purpose of this research was (1) to describe how pre-service teachers implement scientific approach in cooperative learning after carrying out a modeling session through this educational video, and (2) to describe the views of those pre-service teachers in response to the learning process. The study involved 11 pre-service teachers in Biology Education program, The State University of Surabaya, Indonesia. The pre-service teachers were then asked to conduct teaching simulations according to the video they had observed with different topics. The results showed that the educational video was effective in training pre-service teachers to implement scientific approach in cooperative learning. They also showed positive views towards the video. This research implies that modeling through educational video is able to promote scientific approach teaching to the pre-service teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">725–737 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eunice Eyitayo Olakanmi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF A QUESTIONNAIRE TO MEASURE CO-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGIES DURING COLLABORATIVE SCIENCE LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">co-regulated learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">efforts regulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">help-seeking and help-giving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">planning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-regulated learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481286280.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research was to develop a questionnaire that measures students’ self and co-regulated learning processes during science learning. An instrument named Co-regulated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (CRSLQ) was developed, and its validity and reliability were analysed. Factor analytic evidence from a sample (n=214) of science students indicated that the 21 items CRSLQ consists of four constructs: monitoring, help-seeking and help-giving, efforts regulation, and planning. Cronbach’s Alpha (α) coefficients were calculated for the reliability of CRSLQ scales which ranged from 0.87 to 0.92 and 0.95 for the entire questionnaire. Additional analysis with a second sample (n=40) showed that CRSLQ was an effective instrument for measuring co-regulated learning strategies during collaborative science learning. According to these results, the CRSLQ can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68–78 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeanne Kriek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annaretha Coetzee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATED INTERVENTION IN TERTIARY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21st-century learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluid mechanics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teacher beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology integrated lesson</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tertiary education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502960.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is expected of lecturers to integrate content knowledge with appropriate pedagogical approaches and select relevant technology to enhance student learning. However the selection of effective technology to support 21st-century learning in tertiary education could be time-consuming and complex since there is a plethora of technology available. The aim of this research was therefore to support lecturers by providing them with an evaluated technology-integrated intervention in fluid mechanics. Hence the objectives were to develop this technology-integrated intervention to support 21st-century learning for first-year physics students and to determine its effectiveness when presented by various lecturers. An exploratory case study research design guided the research. A design-thinking framework for technology-integrated lessons was used and included the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) model. This research was done with two lecturers and 117 students from a University of Technology in South Africa. The data gathering tools comprised pre and post-tests, tutorials, observation schedules and questionnaires. Results indicated that student learning is affected by the way in which technology is used not only in schools, but also in tertiary education and that lecturer belief play a crucial role in the design process but also manifest when lecturers have to use a designed intervention. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">712–724 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rohaida Mohd Saat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hidayah Mohd Fadzil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nor Azlina Abd. Aziz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamariah Haron</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamaludin A. Rashid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natalya Rudina Shamsuar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONLINE THREE-TIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST TO ASSESS PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology alternative conception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online diagnostic tool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">three-tier diagnostic test</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482424242.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research reports the development of an online three-tier diagnostic instrument for pre-university students related to cellular respiration. To date, only few studies have been conducted to identify students’ alternative conception in the topic of cellular respiration. One of the contributing factors is due to lack of instrument developed to measure these alternative conceptions. Three-tier tests are used as assessment tools for lecturers to determine students’ alternative conceptions related to cellular respiration and their knowledge and understanding about the concepts. The research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods. The instrument was developed in five phases: (1) construction of items, (2) pilot study, (3) validation of instrument, (4) transforming the instrument into an online assessment tool, and (5) the administration of the Online Diagnostic Tool (ODiT). The Cellular Respiration ODiT consists of three tiers: answer and reasoning tiers to measure “content knowledge” and “explanatory knowledge” respectively, and a third tier that measures the level of confidence of pre-university students. Analysis of the students’ responses demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity of the instrument. The research also shows that both students and lecturers benefit when online diagnostic tests are implemented appropriately.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">532–546</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma   Alkan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMISTRY LABORATORY SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS SCALE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry laboratory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-Efficacy Beliefs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422582.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry self-efficacy beliefs have been defined as someone’s beliefs about his or her own capability to perform a given chemistry task. These beliefs, one of the affective variables in the laboratory practices which are quite effective for learning science, affect individuals’ accomplishment, motivation and anxiety. Self-efficacy is task and domain specific. Therefore, self-efficacy beliefs gathered through chemistry self-efficacy scales cannot be accepted as a predictor of chemistry laboratory self-efficacy beliefs. In this research, an instrument, Chemistry Laboratory Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale, was developed in order to determine students’ self-efficacy beliefs toward chemistry laboratory. Data were collected from 1095 high school students. Validity analysis was examined with Exploratory Factor Analysis, then Confirmatory Factor Analysis was made. The factor analysis revealed 2 factors: psychomotor self-efficacy and cognitive self-efficacy. The reliability analysis was computed with Cronbach alpha coefficient, for the whole instrument it was 0.885. The analyses resulted in the development of a two-factor scale of 14 items that was shown to be valid and reliable. At the same time, this instrument is also the first original instrument developed for determining the students’ self-efficacy beliefs toward chemistry laboratory.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">350-359</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Pace</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A CRITIQUE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education institutions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482421862.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since the inception of the concept of education for sustainable development (ESD) (UNCED, 1992, Chapter 36, par.3), higher education institutions (HEIs) have been considered key actors in its promotion. HEIs were expected to achieve this by leading students to contextualise their learning within the realities of their own specialisation, profession and personal life by encouraging them to develop: (a) the notion of global citizenship; (b) a commitment towards environmental stewardship; (c) a reflection about the interaction between issues of social justice, ethics, wellbeing and ecological and economic factors; and (d) a commitment towards actively ensuring sustainable futures (Longhurst, 2014, p.5). However, Orr’s reflection while watching the yearly procession of graduands that “… without significant precautions, education can equip people merely to be more effective vandals of the earth” (Orr, 1994, p.5) is quite telling. Considering the resources invested in HEIs and the time elapsed since ESD’s learning objectives were spelled out, one would expect much greater achievements in the realm of sustainable development. This does not mean that there are no great examples where HEIs have done a great job at promoting sustainability (UNESCO, 2014a), but one must admit that, when looking at the whole picture, these are relatively isolated cases and that the overall picture is rather bleak. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">268-270</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jing Ping Jong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF A BLENDED COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN A SMALL PRIVATE ONLINE COURSE (SPOC): A COMPARISON WITH A LECTURE COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interactive learning environments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model-based Instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small private online course</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stoichiometry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481916971.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explored the effect of blended learning in terms of model-based collaborative learning in a small private online course (SPOC) environment on 10th graders’ achievements in stoichiometry through a quasi-experimental design. The participants included 140 tenth graders assigned to two groups: (a) the experimental group, which studied in a blended environment (N = 69) and (b) the control group, which studied in a conventional lecture-based environment (N = 71). The results revealed that the experimental group exhibited significantly superior performance than the control group after the intervention and that the key factor in enhancing students learning is the teacher’s facilitation. These findings implied that the blended model-based collaborative learning in a SPOC environment with proper design, facilitation, and face-to-face interaction groups provided students with opportunities to engage in learning to improve their achievements.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">194–203 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nejla Yürük</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pınar Eroğlu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF CONCEPTUAL CHANGE TEXTS ENRICHED WITH METACONCEPTUAL PROCESSES ON PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF HEAT AND TEMPERATURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change text</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heat and temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metaconceptual processes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502823.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of conceptual change texts enriched with metaconceptual processes with the effect of refutational and expository texts on pre-service science teachers’ conceptual understanding of heat and temperature. The durability of the effect of the texts on pre-service science teachers’ conceptual understanding was also examined. A pre-test- post-test experimental research design was employed. One hundred and five pre-service teachers who were enrolled in an Elementary Science Teacher Education Program of a public university located in Turkey participated in this research. They were randomly assigned to three treatment groups each of which read a different type of texts. Heat and Temperature Concept Test (HTCT) was administered as a pre-test, post-test and delayed test to assess the participants’ conceptual understanding of heat and temperature concepts. The results show that the conceptual understanding of pre-service teachers who read conceptual change text enriched with metaconceptual processes was significantly better than that of the other groups and this significantly positive effect did not diminish eight weeks after reading the texts.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">693–705 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cindy Wong Chyee Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamisah Osman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF KAYEU LEARNING OUTSIDE THE CLASSRROM PRIMARY SCIENCE MODULE ON INTRINSIC MOTIVATION OF INDIGENOUS LEARNERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">indigenous learners</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intrinsic motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning Outside the Classroom (LOC)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching module</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422639.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to motivate indigenous learners to learn science and instil their positive attitude towards the subject, conducive and simulative learning environment need to be specifically designed for them. This research is aimed to determine the effect of Kayeu Learning Outside the Classroom (LOC) primary science module on intrinsic motivation of indigenous learners. The treatment group (n=38) used the Kayeu LOC primary science module while the control group (n=35) used the conventional module, which are materials mandated by Ministry of Education (MOE). Three-point Likert scale intrinsic motivation questionnaire consisting of general and science constructs was administered before and after T&amp;L to both groups. Analysis of MANOVA repeated measures showed there were no significant effects of the groups and time on the intrinsic motivation, and there was no significant interaction effect between time and the groups on intrinsic motivation. However, follow-up simple interaction analysis found that there is a significant main effect of the time and significant effect of interactions between time and the groups on the general construct.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">360-370</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nataša Dolenc Orbanić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Darja Skribe Dimec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Majda Cencič</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A CONSTRUCTIVIST TEACHING MODEL ON STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bloom’s taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivist approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching about photosynthesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502117.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthesis is one of the fundamental processes on Earth and it ranks among the most demanding science concepts for students, associated with a number of misconceptions. For improving students’ understanding and learning outcomes the constructivist approach has proven to be one of the most effective. In this research the constructivist teaching model of photosynthesis (CTMP) was designed and its effectiveness on students’ understanding was tested. Students (N=201) from Slovenian primary schools (aged 11–12 years) participated in the research. CTMP was used in the experimental group (EG), while the traditional teaching approach was used in the control group (CG). Students’ learning achievements were evaluated using the paper-and-pencil tests. The test items were classified into three groups based on Bloom’s taxonomy: (1) knowledge, (2) comprehension and application, and (3) analysis, synthesis, evaluation. Mann-Whitney U-test showed that the EG had better learning outcomes than the CG. Statistically significant differences were found at the highest cognitive level. The CTMP contributes to the improvement of teaching and learning of photosynthesis, fosters the development of higher-order thinking and offers opportunity for integration of the constructivist approach in science classes, which will help to increase the quality of acquired knowledge and to raise the level of scientific literacy of the population.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">575–587</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wahono Widodo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammad Budiyanto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iwan Wicaksono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paken Pandiangan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INQF-BASED LEARNING ON A GENERAL PHYSICS FOR IMPROVING STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOMES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INQF-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student’s learning outcomes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482423739.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aims to analyse effectiveness of the Indonesian National Qualification Framework (INQF)-based learning on General Physics to increase the sixth level student’s Learning Outcomes (LOs) according to the INQF indicators and student’s skills in using physics laboratory equipment. This research was conducted using two groups of students that consisted of 29 and 30 students. A preliminary test (pre-test) and a post-test were applied to the groups that assumed to have the same level of knowledge and skills. The data were analysed using the paired t-test, the n-gain, and the ANOVA. The results show that the INQF-based learning applied to the General Physics effective in increasing the student’s LOs according to the INQF indicators. Moreover, the n-gain scores between the pre-test and the post-test can be categorized as moderate for the sixth level student’s LOs and categorized as high for the student’s skills in using the physics laboratory equipment. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">441–451</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jing-Chuan Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chih-Lien Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li-Chih Yu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shu-Hsuan Chang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED SUPPORT FOR CREATIVITY ON INDIVIDUAL CREATIVITY OF DESIGN-MAJORED STUDENTS: A MULTIPLE-MEDIATION MODEL OF SAVORING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">individual creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple mediation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perceived support for creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">savoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481917222.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineer and Mathematics + Art/Design) education is presented to broaden interest in STEM fields, enhance the creativity of STEM students, and spur innovation. Although studies have explored the environment factors that influence individual creativity, few researches have investigated the role of students’ savoring which might drive the demand-pull innovation in creativity cultivation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of perceived support for creativity and the multiple mediation of savoring capacity on individual creativity in the context of undergraduate Design education. The instruments were administered to 851 Design-majored students in Taiwan. The collected data were tested against the research model using a path analysis-based procedure of multiple-mediators analysis. Research findings include: (1) Both students’ perceived support for creativity and their ability to savor (through anticipation, enjoying the moment, and reminiscence) have significant positive effects on their individual creativity; (2) Among the three methods of savoring, savoring the moment alone has significant positive effects on individual creativity; (3) Students’ perceived support for creativity mediated by their ability to savor the moment has significant positive effects on their individual creativity. The findings provide several important theoretical and practical implications regarding fostering students’ creativity in the context of STEAM education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">232–245 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruslan Mapeala</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING WITH THINKING MAPS ON FIFTH GRADERS’ SCIENCE CRITICAL THINKING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fifth graders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem-Based Learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thinking maps</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502250.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of Problem-based Learning (PBL) with Thinking Maps (TM) teaching method (PBL-TM) on Fifth Graders’ science critical thinking. The critical thinking skills evaluated were Comparing and Contrasting, Sequencing, and Identifying Cause and Effect in physical science. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design was employed in the research. The sample consisted of 270 Fifth Graders (age 11 years old) from three primary schools in Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia who were all randomly selected and assigned to PBL-TM (n=90), PBL (n=90), and Conventional Problem Solving (CPS) (n=90) teaching groups. The 30-item Test of Science Critical Thinking was used as the pre-test and post-test. The three thinking maps used were Double Bubble Maps, Flow Maps, and Multi-Flow Maps. A MANCOVA was conducted on the post-test scores with students’ pre-test scores as the covariates. The result indicated that students in the PBL-TM group significantly outperformed their counterparts in the PBL group who, in turn, significantly outperformed their counterparts in the CPS group in Comparing and Contrasting, Sequencing, and Identifying Cause and Effect. The findings suggest that thinking maps, which were explicitly infused into problem-based learning is effective in promoting critical thinking among Fifth Graders in physical science lessons. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">602–616</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fethiye Karslı</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kadriye Kara Patan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF THE CONTEXT-BASED APPROACH ON STUDENTS' CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING: “THE UMBRA, THE SOLAR ECLIPSE AND THE LUNAR ECLIPSE”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based learning approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lunar and solar eclipses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">umbra</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481917291.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of context-based learning approach (CBLA) on 5th grade students’ misconceptions about ‘the umbra, solar and lunar eclipses’. In this study, a quasi-experimental methodology pre-test and post-test design was utilized with control and experimental groups. The study was conducted with 48 5th grade students (aged 10 to 11 years). For the experimental group, the topics were explained using the CBLA while for the control group the 5E teaching model of the constructivist approach was used. For data collection, a two-tier conceptual test and a semi-structured interview were used. Study results indicated that the learning environment designed in accordance with the CBLA was a superior instructional tool than the 5E teaching model learning environment in terms of students' conceptual learning performance and eliminating students' misconceptions. In addition, CBLA helped students to link between the scientific concepts and the context related to the daily life.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">246–260 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuzana Ješková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanislav Lukáč</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martina Hančová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ľubomír Šnajder</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ján Guniš</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brigita Balogová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marián Kireš</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFICACY OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING IN MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND INFORMATICS IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS´ INQUIRY SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">test of inquiry skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502031.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current initiatives at European level urge more emphasis on the implementation of inquiry-based science education (IBSE). Although there are existing studies on the effect of IBSE on understanding science, fewer attempts have been made regarding the development of various inquiry skills. In this research, a model of consistent implementation of inquiry activities across the three subjects of mathematics, physics and informatics was developed and its efficacy with regard to selected inquiry skills development was examined. In order to evaluate the efficacy, a test assessing the level of inquiry skills development was designed. This test was taken by 300 high school students both before and after experimental teaching. In between students were exposed to coherent and intentional multidisciplinary inquiry-based learning within a period of approx. four months. The results showed a statistically significant increase on test scores that is gender independent, however the class specialization played a significant role. The results indicate that the designed model of coactive IBSE implementation is efficacious for inquiry skills development and therefore applicable in school practice.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">559–574</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lina Listiana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herawati Susilo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hadi Suwono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endang Suarsini</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EMPOWERING STUDENTS’ METACOGNITIVE SKILLS THROUGH NEW TEACHING STRATEGY (GROUP INVESTIGATION INTEGRATED WITH THINK TALK WRITE) IN BIOLOGY CLASSROOM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">group investigation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">think talk write</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422861.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metacognitive skills play an important role in various students’ cognitive activities. Metacognitive skills can make the students become self-regulated learners. Metacognitive skills in biology teaching can be empowered through the implementation of the appropriate teaching strategies. This research was a quasi-experimental research designed to compare the effect of Group Investigation (GI) strategy, Think Talk Write (TTW), Group Investigation integrated with Think Talk Write (GITTW), and conventional teaching strategy on the students’ metacognitive skills empowerment in biology teaching. Sample of this research were 162 students of the first year natural science class of senior high schools in Surabaya, Indonesia, academic year 2014/2015. The students’ metacognitive skills were measured using essay questions test, given at the beginning and at the end of the research. The results of the research showed that the implementation of teaching strategies had an effect to empower students' metacognitive skills. GITTW learning strategy had the biggest effect on the metacognitive skills empowerment. TTW learning strategy could improve students’ metacognitive skills higher than GI and conventional teaching strategy. This proves that GITTW is one of the teaching strategies that teachers should use to maximise the students’ metacognitive skills empowerment. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">391-400</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631292251.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">261-264</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629442562.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">401-404</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631343623.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127-132</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629273005.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 15, No. 6, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">776-780</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629378775.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">547-552</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1629301972.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 15, No. 5, 2016, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">653-656</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayfer Mutlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burçin Acar Şeşen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATING OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY CONCEPTS BY USING TWO TIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acids and bases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative Conception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical equilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical kinetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electrochemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermochemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">two tier diagnostic test</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481286347.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed at evaluating pre-service science teachers’ understanding of the subject matters such as “thermochemistry, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases and electrochemistry”. For this purpose, a two-tier diagnostic test consisting of 44 items (α = 0.84) related to the aforementioned concepts was developed by the researchers. This test was applied on to the first, second, and third year pre-service science teachers in Hasan Ali Yucel Education Faculty, Istanbul University. The results showed that the pre-service science teachers had alternative conceptions about endothermic-exothermic reactions, conservation of energy, reaction enthalpy, calorimeters; rate of reaction, reaction rate constant, effects of some factors on reaction rate and reaction rate constant; effects of some factors on equilibrium, equilibrium dynamics, Le Chatelier Principle; equivalence point, end point, indicators, buffers, titrations, neutralization, strength and properties of acids and bases, pH; effects of concentrations on cell potential, metal electrodes, localization of anode and cathode, plating, galvanization.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79–96 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cem Gerçek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özgür Özcan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nihan Ocak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Çise Ferhat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevgi Berberoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elif Çakır</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nuri Doğan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kürşat Çağıltay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF COMBINED HEALTH WARNINGS ON CIGARETTE PACKETS THROUGH EYE MOVEMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cigarette packet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">combined health warnings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eye movements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university student</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502752.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smoking is the source of fundamental health problems. Activities have been organised throughout the world so that smokers and non-smokers do not encounter smoking-related health problems in society. One such activity is the combined health warnings designed to be printed on cigarette packets. The warnings on cigarette packets are considered as an instrument of education to develop the desired attitudes in individuals by improving their knowledge of health. This research aims to evaluate the effects of 14 combined health warnings printed on cigarette packets on smokers and non-smokers. This is a descriptive research, and it employs a correlation model. The research group was composed of 57 individuals participating in the research on the basis of volunteering. The data were collected through eye-tracking and by means of two forms. According to the findings, the combined warnings on cigarette packets were moderately influential and they were remembered at low levels. It was also found that the participants were familiar with the combined warnings on cigarette packets and that they avoided the warnings. These results demonstrate that the warnings should be re-evaluated by taking diverse demographic properties into consideration.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">680–692 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hüseyin Artun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF PROJECTS CARRIED OUT WITH TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS ON PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ LEVELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diffusion of innovations theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technological tools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481916837.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In all parts of our daily lives, individuals meet technology and technological tools. For this reason, individuals from all professions should be knowledgeable about these concepts. One of these professions covers pre-service teachers, who are considered as to be future teachers. The aim of this research was not only to examine the influence of the projects carried out by science pre-service teachers with technological tools on their levels of environmental literacy, but also to reveal which of the innovator categories in Rogers’s (1962) Theory of Diffusion of Innovations they belonged to. In the research, the mixed research design was used since qualitative and quantitative data were required. The research sample included 110 science pre-service teachers. All the science pre-service teachers constituted the quantitative sample, while 10 randomly selected pre-service teachers formed the qualitative sample group. In the research, environmental literacy scale, semi-structured interview technique and researcher reflections were used as the data collection tools. It was found that the science pre-service teachers belonged to the categories of “Innovators” and “Early Adopters” according to Roger’s theory in terms of technology use.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173–184 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Kampeza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angeliki Vellopoulou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glykeria Fragkiadaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EXPANSION THERMOMETER IN PRESCHOOLERS’ THINKING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expansion thermometer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschoolers’ representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481916899.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Children form representations of concepts, physical phenomena and technical objects which are critical to teaching and learning. In addition, they are familiar with the everyday usefulness of many particular objects, although it is not certain that they associate them with the scientific aspects of their function. In this research, preschoolers’ representations of the expansion thermometer were explored, as well as their ability to distinguish it as a specialized technical tool. The sample consisted of 111 children (53 boys and 58 girls) aged 5-6 years from 9 public kindergartens in Patras, Greece and data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews. The results demonstrated that although some children replied in a satisfactory way to all interview questions, the majority of the children were not able to distinguish the thermometer as a particular object and struggled with its function, so the suggestion for it to be used in curricula and/or educational activity books should be made cautiously.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185–193 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhiddin Palennari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN METACOGNITION AND COGNITIVE RETENTION OF STUDENTS USING SOME BIOLOGY TEACHING STRATEGIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive retention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">jigsaw</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem-Based Learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regression line</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502307.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was conducted during one semester in four different classes that were taught biology by using four different teaching strategies: Problem-based learning (PBL), Jigsaw, PBL integrated with Jigsaw (PBLJigsaw), and direct teaching.  This research explored the correlation between metacognition (metacognitive awareness and metacognitive skills) with cognitive retention of students in the four different strategies, and compared the four regression lines whether or not they are parallel. There was no correlation between metacognitive awareness and cognitive retention in the four teaching strategies in biology classroom, while the correlations between metacognitive skills and cognitive retention were significant. The results of the analysis of variance related to the regression equation in the four different strategies were parallel and did not coincide; the regression line of PBLJigsaw strategy was at the highest position. It indicated that this strategy has the potency to empower metacognitive skills and simultaneously increased cognitive retention.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">617–629</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeinab Jahangard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asghar Soltani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merhangiz Alinejad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METACOGNITION AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE OF SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS THROUGH A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognition strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">senior secondary students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural Equation Modeling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422523.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitudes towards science is an important construct of science learning which has been affected by many factors. The main purpose of this research was to investigate whether the metacognition strategies predict students’ attitudes towards science. Accordingly, a total of 347 senior secondary students were asked to complete a questionnaire about their metacognition strategies and attitudes towards science. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the validity of a structural/latent variable model. Findings revealed several direct and indirect effects among the factors under investigation. Of special importance, metacognition strategies positively predicted attractiveness of science (science is fun), class/teacher activities and family model as variables of students’ attitudes towards science. Attractiveness of science was also found to have effects on the science anxiety and family model was found to have effects on class/teacher activities. One important finding was that metacognition strategies could decrease students’ science anxiety. According to this information, it is recommended that science educators encourage students to employ metacognition strategies in science that may lead to more positive students’ attitudes towards science. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">340-349</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadaraj Govender</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekele Gashe Dega</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FRAMEWORK CATEGORIZATION OF PRE-SERVICE PHYSICS TEACHERS’ CONCEPTIONS OF VECTOR-KINEMATICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">categories of conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">framework analysis method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vector-kinematics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422449.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Current research in physics shows that pre-service teachers have poor content knowledge in vector-kinematics. This study describes the types of categories of conceptions pre-service teachers display in vector-kinematics. Descriptive and interpretive qualitative research was conducted in which the data were concept maps from 28 third-year pre-service teacher volunteers in a physics module at a university. Participants were supported in the use of CmapTools to draw their concept maps of vector-kinematics. This study was guided by Ausubel’s theory of meaningful learning which relates individuals’ new knowledge to relevant concepts they already possess. Framework thematic analysis revealed seven knowledge categories with differing extensiveness: two of conceptual knowledge (hierarchical and relational), three of alternative conceptions (naïve, lateral, ontological) and two of mixed conceptions and loose ideas. The findings showed a lack of higher level conceptual understanding of vector-kinematics. The study has implications for the teaching and learning of vector-kinematics. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">325-339</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateos Jiménez, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García Fernández, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bejarano Franco, M.T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOW SPANISH SCIENCE TEACHERS PERCEIVE THE INTRODUCTION OF COMPETENCE-BASED SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ perceptions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422711.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the research was to determine how teachers in Spain perceived the introduction of competence-based science teaching in the classroom. The research was carried out during the transition between the LOE and LOMCE Education Laws (academic year 2014-2015). Data were collected using an ad hoc questionnaire comprising 19 items requiring responses on a 5-point Likert scale. The sample comprised 443 science teachers in compulsory education in Spain. The results indicated that the way teachers perceived science and its scope and application in the classroom was unlikely to lead to the effective development of the scientific competence. Significant findings were discussed relating to the participating teachers’ initial training, gender, type of school and stage of education. As a final component the didactic implications of teaching scientific competence were considered.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">371-381</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rekai Zenda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johanna G. Ferreira</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SCIENCE LEARNERS IN RURAL SCHOOLS THROUGH ASSESSMENT PRACTICES: A SOUTH AFRICAN CASE STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study; improving science achievement; physical sciences assessment; rural schools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482424158.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was embarked on to explore the underperformance of Physical Sciences learners and the subsequent increasing unpopularity of the subject in South African rural schools. As poor academic achievement in science is a concern in many countries and not only in South Africa, qualitative research was undertaken to determine whether assessment can contribute to the improvement of learners’ academic achievement in this particular school subject. The research uses the Cultural and Historical Activity Theory as theoretical lens to analyse how assessment can improve the academic achievement of learners. Data were collected by means of face-to-face interviews with teachers, school principals and subject advisers, the “community” as advocated by the Activity Theory, while focus-group interviews were held with the learners who are the “subjects” in the Activity Theory. Verbatim findings highlight the views of participants and reveal that though efforts are made to incorporate a variety of informal assessment methods, key issues such as poor formulation of questions, weak comprehension skills and unsatisfactory interpretation of questions, remain a problem. Based on these findings, recommendations for improvement are proposed. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">523–531</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cândida Sarabando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">José P. Cravino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Armando A. Soares</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING STUDENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPTS OF WEIGHT AND MASS WITH A COMPUTER SIMULATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mass and weight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching and learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481286476.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although weight and mass are considered fundamental concepts in physics, they are still not well understood by students. A computer simulation was designed to improve students’ learning of these concepts and compared it with other teaching strategies. The research was carried out with 142 students (7th grade; 12-13 years old), from three schools. There is a significant change in conceptual understanding of the concepts weight and mass for all groups. Nevertheless, total gains were higher for students who used the computer simulation. The implication is that using a computer simulation, carefully designed to address specific conceptual difficulties, may help the students understand the concepts of weight and mass. We also interviewed teachers to understand their role in the classroom. It was found that the features most likely to contribute to improve students’ learning are related to the balance between support and autonomy given to students during the use of the computer simulation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109–126 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henry Goh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fauziah Sulaiman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEGRATING STEM IN AN ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS: THE LEARNING EXPERIENCE OF RURAL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN AN OUTREACH CHALLENGE PROGRAM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering design process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher order thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outreach challenge program</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rural schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482423958.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was conducted to evaluate the learning experience of Grade Ten students from two Malaysian rural secondary schools that adopted the integration of STEM in an Engineering Design Process (STEM-EDP) approach vis-á-vis an outreach challenge program. A total of 89 students undertook a ten hour program which engaged them in designing and building three different prototypes as well as answering higher order thinking questions. Data on students’ learning experience were captured through participants’ responses to a six-point Likert scale questionnaire, teachers’ field notes, and open-ended questions. The questionnaire result reveals statistically significant gains in knowledge or skills about, attitudes toward, and practices on STEM. The STEM-EDP outreach challenge program brought awareness to rural school students of their potential as problem solvers, thinkers, creators, and collaborators. Students were able to simultaneously broaden their boundaries in knowledge and competency even though they experienced difficulties in tackling challenges associated with STEM activities. Findings suggested that the STEM-EDP approach can be applied as a means for fostering creativity, problem solving skills, and thinking skills among rural secondary school students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">477–493</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngmin Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongseok Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin-Su Jeong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young-Shin Park</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KOREAN SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND ACTUAL USAGE OF EDUCATIONAL THEORIES/TEACHING STRATEGIES IN THEIR TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theory-practice gap</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482423597.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many researchers have reported that there is a significant gap between theory and practice in education. This research sought to contribute to this work by examining the theory/practice gap in secondary school science teaching in South Korea. To do this, a questionnaire was developed to investigate the gap between Korean science teachers’ knowledge about Educational Theories and Teaching Strategies (ETTS) and the usage of it in their science classroom. The questionnaire was administered to 87 science teachers and results showed that even though participants were knowledgeable about many ETTS, only 26% of the teachers reported using it in their teaching. Major reasons reported for this gap in theory and practice were restrictive educational environments that did not support the use of ETTS, irrelevancy and difficulties of ETTS, and students' low interest in learning science. However, teachers’ perception of the importance of ETTS positively affected their usage of ETTS. Implications of the results are discussed, and alternative in-service training program is suggested to activate science teachers’ ETTS what they already know and to guide them to use ETTS in their actual science teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">411–423</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abraham Motlhabane</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNER’S ALTERNATIVE AND MISCONCEPTIONS IN PHYSICS: A PHENOMENOGRAPHIC STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative and misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contextualising “0” concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kinematics concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenomenographic study</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482423653.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This phenomenographic case study attempted to determine the alternative and misconceptions of learners in selected concepts in Physics. The research adds another dimension to understanding alternative conception in kinematics by qualitatively determining how learners describe/define a distance of 0m, a displacement of 0m, a speed of 0m/s, a velocity of 0m/s as well as an acceleration of 0m/ss. Data were gathered by means of a free response test. Senior high school grade 12 learners were purposefully selected to complete the test. Data were analyzed by qualitatively interrogating the descriptions and related graphs and pictures to look for the ways in which learners described these concepts. The research revealed that some learners were not able to comprehend the meaning of a displacement of 0m, thus they experienced challenges in the understanding of the concepts such as a speed of 0m/s, a velocity 0m/s and an acceleration 0m/ss. The data seems to suggest that learners fail to formalise and contextualise “0” as a concept in kinematics. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">424–440 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sunyono Sunyono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisa Tania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrian Saputra</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A LEARNING EXERCISE USING SIMPLE AND REAL-TIME VISUALIZATION TOOL TO COUNTER MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ORBITALS AND QUANTUM NUMBERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">first-year undergraduate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning exercise</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantum chemistry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482423795.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Misconception is one of the most widely researched topics in science education, including chemical education. This research aims to apply simple graphical visualization tool named Winplot for a learning exercise activity and explore its potency to counter misconceptions about orbitals and quantum numbers. Misconceptions that were countered in this research are the existence of orbitals in atoms and the relationship of magnetic quantum numbers to orbital orientation. This quasi experimental research using pre-test-post-test control group design was conducted to 43 first-year undergraduate students as control class and 45 as experimental class of chemical education at the University of Lampung.  The students’ pre-existing concepts were analyzed using a pre-test instrument and explored further using in-depth interview. Then, after implementing a learning exercise activity, the conceptual changes were analyzed using a post-test instrument. The results showed that students in experimental class had significant conceptual changes compared to control class. Applying this computer-based strategy is highly recommended to guide students in understanding chemical concepts, especially the topics of orbitals and quantum numbers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">452–463</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiří Škoda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavel Doulík</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Šimonová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNING STYLE AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION AT LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">identification of learning results</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning styles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502186.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The IBSE has become a rather frequently applied strategy of directing learning activities in teaching science subjects. However, results of the IBSE effectiveness are not clear. A more detailed analysis is required which will reflect learners´ individual characteristics. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to discover what the effectiveness of IBSE reflecting individual learning style is. The learning style categorization followed the Honey and Mumford´s variation on the Kolb´s system. The IBSE effectiveness was detected by the didactic test consisting of 15 PISA-style tasks. The research was conducted in the sample of 332 learners who were exposed to IBSE for five months. Their knowledge was tested before, immediately after and four months after the IBSE approach was applied in lessons. The collected data were processed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. The results show that the highest short-term results were reached with learners preferring concrete sensing; the highest long-term results were reached with those of active processing of information. This finding might be caused by better use of metacognition and acquiring such individual metacognitive strategies which learners apply at utilization of information. Further on, the IBSE should focus on mechanisms of fixing the acquired knowledge.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">588–601</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyuksoo Kwon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eunsang Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dongkuk Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">META-ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INVENTION EDUCATION IN SOUTH KOREA: CREATIVITY, ATTITUDE, AND TENDENCY FOR PROBLEM SOLVING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invention education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meta-analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Korea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology Education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481286024.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to synthesize the research findings on the effects of K-12 invention education regarding creativity, attitudes toward invention, attitudes toward science, and tendency for technological problem solving in South Korea. Meta-analyses were conducted by calculating the effect size of 37 studies, including theses and journal papers associated with the implementation of invention education, published in South Korea. The overall effect size was medium (0.694), and invention education was found to have an effect on education. The effect sizes determined by the dependent variables and the categorical variables indicated that invention education had a positive impact. In other words, invention programs have helped improve K-12 students’ creativity, attitudes toward science, and tendency for technological problem solving. However, the number of program sessions and participants in invention programs did not have an impact on the benefits of invention education. Considering the effects of invention education on the students’ perspectives, this study could be helpful to both K-12 educational researchers and practitioners in the fields of science and technology education. Further studies are needed to develop the concrete instructional strategies of invention education for K-12 science and technology classrooms.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48–57</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yasemin Ozdem-Yilmaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEDAGOGICALLY DESIRABLE SCIENCE EDUCATION: VIEWS ON INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION IN TURKEY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delphi method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482424083.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research is to investigate the aspects of science education, which are pedagogically desirable for the individual in the society of 21st century. The research was conducted by Curricular Delphi Study method in three rounds with international comparisons. In the first round, an open-ended survey was used, and in the next two rounds the instrument was structured to answer the refined research questions of the study, such as the priorities and practices towards the inquiry-based science education. The paper reports on the findings of a survey collected from 125 stakeholders of science education, including scientists, science educators, and education administrators from Turkey. In the results of the differentiated analyses according to the sample groups, all stakeholders emphasize the role of science education in the survival of a country. They all put a great emphasis on the curriculum. The stakeholders emphasized the significance of engagement with the interdisciplinary relations of the sciences, their findings and their perspectives with regard to their role in enhancing individual intellectual personality development. It is suggested that scientific inquiry includes the ability to consolidate the inquiry processes with scientific knowledge, scientific reasoning and critical thinking to advance scientific knowledge.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">506–522</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xingming Ma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lifeng Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jingqiu Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanping Luo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yaling Liang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yufeng Wu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A PERCEPTIONS ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT-ORIENTED PROBLEM-SOLVING TEACHING STRATEGY FOR MEDICAL IMMUNOLOGY COURSE IN CHINESE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">China</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">medical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">patient-oriented problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Undergraduate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502886.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research assessed the perceptions of students to patient-oriented problem-solving (POPS) teaching strategy in a medical immunology course in China. Data were collected from second-year students (N=71; 58% males, 42% females) who were offered lecture-based instruction and POPS teaching strategy during October - November 2015 at Lanzhou University. Afterward, students’ response and capability perception scores to POPS teaching strategy were evaluated using questionnaires. The majority of students (89.02%) favored POPS teaching strategy over traditional lectures. Students responded that POPS improves their intrinsic motivation (91.55%), learning interest (94.37%), self-directed learning skills (92.96%) and feasible for medical education (87.32%). Compared to the traditional lectures, the POPS can improve markedly their learning motivation (p=0.03), clinical reasoning ability (p=0.01), and clinical problem-solving ability (p=0.02). The implementation of POPS in medical courses will help students improving their learning motivation, problem solving abilities, which is feasible for current medical immunology education in China.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">706–711 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa B. Aktan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES ABOUT THE USE OF MODELS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling experience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">use of models</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481285829.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models are central constructs of science teaching and learning. This research aims to report on seven pre-service science teachers’ perceptions and attitudes towards models and the rationale for using models in science teaching. Semi-structured in-depth interviewing, an open-item questionnaire, and a five-point Likert scale questionnaire were used to obtain data from the participants. No evidence of negative attitude towards the use of models was observed among the participants. Although the pre-service science teachers (PSTs) valued the idea that scientific models are important aspects of science teaching and learning, they were hesitant to use and build models as teaching tools. Four categories related to the perceptions about the rationale for using models were identified from the data namely, promoting interest and attention, promoting understanding due to illustrative and representative nature of models, promote concretization as instrumental tool and promoting theoretical understanding in science. The findings indicated that the PSTs showed positive attitudes towards the use of models in their teaching, but certain factors like level of learner, time, lack of modeling experience, and limited knowledge of models appeared to be affecting their perceptions and attitudes negatively.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7–17 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Ozgur Kapici</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genc Osman Ilhan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUES AND THEIR VIEWS ABOUT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude towards socio-scientific issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">focus group discussion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nuclear energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502437.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is not a common attitude in a society for socio-scientific issues (SSI) such as whether to use nuclear power plants for energy production. Within this respect, the aim of the research is to examine pre-service science teachers’ and pre-service social studies teachers’ attitudes toward SSI and to reveal their views about setting up nuclear power plants in their country. The participant of research is 120 pre-service teachers. Firstly, Attitudes toward Socio-scientific Issues Scale (ATSIS) was implemented and then, focus group discussions were done with five students from each department separately so as to understand their views about nuclear power plants. Findings revealed that whereas pre-service teachers are eager to learn more about SSI, they have anxiety about it due to religion, moral and ethical perspectives. In addition, whereas both groups of pre-service teachers have some common views about nuclear power plants, pre-service science teachers do not have more positive views about having nuclear power plants in their country. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">642–652 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canan Dilek Eren</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESERVICE TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCIENCE AND PEACE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perceptions of pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and peace</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482423876.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raising young people aware of the need for science for peace is only possible with modern education that is based on science and enriches science with elements of peace. Accordingly, determination of perceptions of preservice teachers, who will bear the greatest responsibility in raising individuals, about the relationship between science and peace is of great importance. The aim of this research was to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure preservice teachers' perceptions of the relationship between science and peace. A total of 253 preservice teachers, including 88 from the department of science teaching, 87 from the department of mathematics teaching and 78 from the department of primary school teaching, who were in their 4th year in the education faculty of Kocaeli University, Turkey, during the spring term of the academic year 2014-15, were recruited for this study. As a result of the factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha (á) reliability coefficient of the scale, consisting of four factors, including 'Communication and Intercultural Dialogue' (6 items), &quot;Technological Developments' (6 items), 'Socio-Economic Developments' (7 items) and' Peace Education' (7 items), and 26 items, was found to be .93. The Scale for Perception of the Relationship between Science and Peace (SPSP) is the first unique scale developed to determine preservice teachers’ perception of the relationship between science and peace. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">464–476</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Necla Dönmez Usta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neslihan Ültay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROSPECTIVE CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ ABILITIES OF CREATING CONCEPT MAPS: HYDROCARBONS EXAMPLE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept maps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrocarbons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prospective chemistry teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481286082.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Concept maps are effective tools for showing the relations between the concepts and they can be used to make clear the relations between the abstract concepts such as hydrocarbons topic. The aim of this research is to determine the abilities of prospective chemistry teachers’ (PCTs) creating concept maps about hydrocarbons. In this research , case study was used and the study was carried out in a university in North Coast of Turkey with 25 PCTs (aged 20-27). PCTs were taught how to create concept maps, types of concept maps such as hierarchical, non- hierarchical and chain or spoke concept maps through example concept maps. In this research context, PCTs were given a text about hydrocarbons and they were supposed to prepare their own concept maps about hydrocarbons. Their concept maps were evaluated according to the reference concept map which was prepared by the researchers. At the end of the research, it is seen that PCTs had difficulty in constructing concept maps. According to the conclusions drawn from the research, some suggestions were offered.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58–67</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shyang-Chyuan Fang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tai-Kuei Yu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tai-Yi Yu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I-Cheng Chang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCE AND PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR: AN APPLICATION OF BEHAVIOR MODEL TO</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">behavioral intention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">emerging contaminants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partial least squares</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theory of Planned Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">value–belief–norm theory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482503264.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To help mitigate and educate the negative impacts of emerging contaminants (ECs), this research tried to realize the environmental attitude and environmental behavioral intention of students in the field of environmental education at higher education level. However, little is known about integration of psychological distance, environmental attitude, behavioral intention and effective teaching strategies on emerging contaminants for undergraduate students within a behavior model. This research proposed a pro-environmental behavior model, integrated with Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) model and psychological distance to realize causal relationships among latent variables that instructors concerned. In a cross-sectional survey, this research effectively surveyed 851 respondents of five universities in Taiwan through self-report questionnaires. This research utilized bootstrapping manner and Smart-PLS software to identify the crucial relationships between two formative factors (environmental attachment and psychological distance), value and beliefs and behavior intention on ECs. The level of ECs knowledge was treated as a moderator, and results indicated significant moderator effects on environmental attachment toward environmental attitude, and environmental attitude toward behavioral intention. The results provide empirical support for some previous identified barriers to pro-environmental behavioral intention and suggest guidelines for effective pro-environmental behavior on ECs issues.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">759–775 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">QUESTION FOR CURRENT SCIENCE EDUCATION: VIRTUAL OR REAL?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">future career</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science curricula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">real experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481916626.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The feasible real experiments should not be in any way eliminated from school laboratory practice. This is the permanent starting point of all approaches to natural science curricula, and it is still in force. The real living environment makes us face more and more items of the virtual environment, worlds, mediated by infinite possibilities of computer networks. The mediated perception through virtual images has become (thanks to the massive spread of information technologies) the major cognitive channel of school age pupils. Direct utilization of information from an objectively existing reality is steadily superseded and replaced by virtual information. Six years ago we asked on the first pages of JBSE Nr. 1 (Bilek, 2010): How to blend an effective and meaningful application of real, indirect and simulative observation, measuring and experimenting according to didactic principles? Do we have to answer now or do we know directions where can we find the answer?</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">136–139</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şenol Şen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SELF-REGULATED LEARNING SKILLS AND CHEMISTRY ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">direct and indirect effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">path model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-regulated learning skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422379.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-regulated learning skills (such as goal setting, organizing environment and time, seeking help and self-evaluation) are critical for students to be able to successfully and meaningful learn abstract concepts such as reduction, oxidation and electrolysis. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationships between self-regulated learning skills and chemistry achievement in Turkish secondary school students. Therefore, a structural equation model was developed and tested to model the relationships among task value, control of learning beliefs, performance-approach goals, mastery-approach goals, self-efficacy for learning and performance, metacognitive learning strategies, time and study environment management, effort regulation, and achievement in electrochemistry. Data was collected from 481 secondary school students through administration of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire, the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire and the Electrochemistry Concept Test. The results showed that students’ task value, performance-approach goals, and time and study environment management significantly positively correlated with achievement. Path analysis demonstrated that metacognitive learning strategies, mastery-approach goals, and effort regulation were predictors of students’ time and study environment management. Moreover, effort regulation, metacognitive learning strategies, and mastery-approach goals were found to have indirect effects, which were mediated by time and study environment management. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">312-324</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ümran Betül Cebesoy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceren Öztekin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TURKISH PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ GENETICS LITERACY LEVELS AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS ISSUES IN GENETICS LITERACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetics literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-demographic variables</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481916765.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The importance of genetically literate individuals who can understand and join debates about genetics related issues, including gene therapy or cloning has been acknowledged by societies. With this respect, raising genetically literate individuals has become more prominent. Teachers’ knowledge in genetics literacy and their attitudes towards issues in genetics literacy influence their teaching practices. As a wide range of variables effect teachers’ genetics literacy levels and attitudes, this study examined how a set of variables including pre-service science teachers’ self-perceived interest, knowledge and importance of genetics, gender, academic achievement, socioeconomic status (household income, employment status and educational level of parents) are related to the their genetics literacy levels and attitudes towards various genetics literacy issues. Data was collected from 355 pre-service science teachers through administration of Genetics Literacy Assessment Inventory and Attitudes towards Issues in Genetics Literacy Scale. Canonical correlation analysis suggested that self-perceived interest and importance in genetics literacy issues, gender and parents’ educational levels were positively associated with participants’ genetics literacy levels, as well as attitudes towards the use of genetic information, gene therapy, and gene therapy applications. On the other hand, self-perceived knowledge, GPA, household income, employment status of parents were not found to be associated.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159–172 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jingying Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yue Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weizhao Shi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESEARCH ON THE COGNITIVE LEVEL OF STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF PHYSICS MODELS AND MODELING MECHANISM IN CHINESE HIGH SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling mechanism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481917063.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific model has been advocated as a central role of teaching in science education reform all over the world, with the critical method to achieve one of the goals of science education to promote scientific models and modeling. To find the students’ perceptions of cognitive level of physics models and their modeling mechanism, firstly, research progress in scientific models and modeling are summarized. Then, 39 experts and 8 researchers are chosen to do the three-stage questionnaire and interview, and 1576 students are selected from junior high school and 1625 students from senior high school to do the empirical study. The classification and cognitive level of physics models perceived by high school students have been founded as well as the influence on schools and regions. Finally, regression analysis on the model construction process of students is conducted. The result shows the cognitive level of scientific models held by students, appeared in Chinese national curriculum standards and national examination requirements are equivalent, but there are also some differences among students’ learning, curriculum standards and examination requirements. A specific classification of the models based on the comprehensive understanding systems is conducted, and the impact on learning among different schools and regions and inherent relationship on the cognitive level of physics models are founded. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">204–215 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raffaele Pisano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RUNNING DETAILS ON THE TWO MOVEMENTS IN THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND IDEAS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">medieval theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">planetary movements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502576.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A long tradition concerning the causes of the planetary movements existed as to the movements on the earth: the so called problem de motu locali. Starting from late middle Ages many criticisms were carried out against the Aristotelian doctrine of natural and violent motions. A well accredited and historically coherent theory to explain the movement and the change of movement was the medieval theory of impetus substantially developed by Jean Buridan (ca. 1300–ca. 1360) and by Nicolas d’Oresme (1320? 1325?–1382) on the basis of ideas that came back to John Philoponus (490–570). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">660–661 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCHOLA LUDUS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational approaches</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gamification of learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">new technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482501959.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The virtual reality, artificial intelligence and gamification have the potential to complement existing educational approaches to science education, instruction and students' knowledge construction. By students becoming part of a phenomenon, they gain direct experiential intuitions about how the natural world operates. In a virtual reality environment, students themselves can be moving, cantering their attention on different phenomena and designers can heighten this saliency by using multisensory cues to convey multiple, simultaneous representations of relative problems as a serious mind game. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">556–558</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dalia Augienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS OF SCIENCES AT UNIVERSITY: SIGNIFICANCE, READINESS, EFFECTIVENESS AND CAREER ASPECTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific research activity (SRA)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482503167.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific research activity (SRA) of the future nature subject teachers during university studies is a significant their professionality / skilfulness component. Teacher research activity at school and education quality improvement are directly related. On the other hand, teacher as a researcher (research) competence is formed not only during studies at university or performing pedagogical practices, but also during continual professional improvement activities, as for example, reflexive research. It is obvious, that learners’ scientific research activity is one of the main activity directions in natural science education process. Such activity effectiveness, and also natural science education quality for the most part guarantees properly prepared teacher. 
 A qualitative research was performed, in which 84 two Lithuanian university bachelor and master study programme students participated. The main research aim is to analyse SRA significance to teacher profession, contribution to professional readiness, and also to evaluate study process favourableness to scientist (researcher) career choice and personal student readiness for SRA. Data analysis was carried out applying content analysis method. 
It has been stated, that the biggest part of respondents relate SRA with professional improvement, and essential such activity contribution is professional readiness improvement (knowledge acquisition, experience and competence development). It has been fixed, that study process is partly favourable, however unsuitable conditions, teachers’ lack of interest and unfocused orientation to career hinder its improvement. Regardless of the fact that 50 % of research participants evaluated their personal readiness to participate in SRA as improper, still the attitude to researcher career remains positive.            
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">746–758 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOME CRUCIAL AREAS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION RESEARCH CORRESPONDING TO THE NEEDS OF THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">innovative societies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481285769.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innovative societies need people who are equipped with scientific and technological competences e.g. are scientifically literate. Being scientifically literate encompasses a large set of competences, many beyond those which are directly linked with exhibiting acquired scientific knowledge. While PISA studies mainly give a comparison of students’ science knowledge, thinking and process skills, the assessment is not so much about the skills needed in the workplace or functioning in society as a responsible citizen. This suggests there is a need for further comparative studies to cover this deficit. Such kind of research is essential directed to those countries which have shown high results in PISA studies (e.g. Estonia) in order to interpret PISA results more widely in new contexts. This is especially highlighted by recent findings from research carried out among a representative sample of Estonian gymnasium students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4–6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ching-Ching Cheng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuo-Hung Huang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEREOTYPES AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION: DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF COMPUTER CAREER AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital divide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perception of computer scientists</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">urban-rural gap</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482421931.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prior studies indicated that children’s images of science and engineering greatly influenced their attitude toward career choice. This study explored how elementary school students perceived computer professionals and computer job tasks. Sixty-four students attending computer camps in 2 cities participated in the study. The Draw-a-Scientist Test was employed and interviews were performed to collect and analyze student perceptions of computer professionals and computer job tasks. The results indicated that the students held contrasting perceptions of computer professionals. Although some students envisioned computer professionals with stereotypical characteristics, such as poor eyesight and unsociability, many students viewed computer professionals as people who were knowledgeable, mild tempered, and socially attractive. Moreover, students residing in different areas had conflicting perceptions of computer professionals because of personal experience with various types of computer professional. The results suggested that students did not stereotype computer careers according to gender, but female students exhibited a more negative attitude toward computer careers than did male students. To shape student views on computer jobs and career choices effectively, the researchers suggest providing students with learning opportunities in life contexts to understand the nature of computer professions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271-283</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King-Dow Su</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STRENGTHENING STRATEGIC APPLICATIONS OF PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS FOR TAIWAN STUDENTS’ CHEMISTRY UNDERSTANDING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">algorithmic proficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gas chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502639.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study better research aimed at strategic applications for exploring students’ learning performances with conceptual understanding and algorithmic proficiency by problem-solving maps and six major learning activities. A quasi-experimental method was employed to detect the outcomes of students’ compared intervention, together with two learning groups, the experimental group and control group. All results demonstrated that the experimental group students who used the strategic applications showed better learning performances than those of the control group students. The experimental group students with more cognitive competency presented significant achievements and larger effect sizes after their two module executions of gas chemistry program. Moreover, these demonstrations were predominated with students’ conceptual and algorithmic learning developments in chemistry. The experimental group students witnessed a new advancement of self-performed modules to promote their feedback and intelligent analyses.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">662–679</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özgür Özcan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevim Bezen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ MENTAL MODELS ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORCE AND VELOCITY CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">force and velocity concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prospective teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502375.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental models help us understand the formation of objects, the development of the process and to state an opinion about it. Therefore, in this study, we understand a mental model as ‘an internal representation, which acts out as a structural analogue of situations or processes. Although mental models are the representations of knowledge created during a cognitive activity, they are also reflective of personal beliefs. This study intends to exhibit prospective teachers’ mental models for the arguments they use in describing the relations between the concepts of force and velocity. In line with this intention, the study employs phenomenographic study method. This study has found that prospective teachers have three different mental models for relating the concepts of force and velocity. One of them is a scientific model called “Newtonian Model”. The other two models were determined to be unscientific models and called “Aristotelian Model” and “Impulsive Model” respectively. By bringing these models into light, we were informed of the scientific and unscientific arguments the prospective teachers used in interpreting the relationships between force and velocity. In other words, this study exhibited how prospective teachers organized and structured their knowledge about these concepts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">630–641</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">André Du Plessis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENT-TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL BELIEFS: LEARNER-CENTRED OR TEACHER-CENTRED WHEN USING ICT IN THE SCIENCE CLASSROOM?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learner-centred pedagogy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student-teacher beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher-centred pedagogy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481916690.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This exploratory qualitative case study explored the pedagogical beliefs and classroom practice of four Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) students when they implement Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for teaching and learning, including what influences their beliefs. Data were gathered by means of a teacher belief system (TBS) tool, drawing prompts that led to individual interviews, an open-ended questionnaire, lesson plans and assessment feedback forms, short summaries of how they used the ICT resources and feedback from the method lecturer and an appointed mentor teacher. The findings suggest that there appears to be a mismatch between the participants’ espoused beliefs and enacted beliefs when using ICT at this point in time. The participating student-teachers used ICT tools predominately in teacher-centred ways, yet they indicated that they held learner-centred beliefs. At the same time, this does not imply that there were no learner-centred activities during their lessons. The data seems to suggest that their exposure to teacher-centred pedagogy while being learners at school, as well as their tertiary experience could have played a role in how they taught Science. It is therefore important that lecturers model constructivist learner-centred pedagogy to students and provide opportunities for students to plan and model such practice. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140–158 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sertac Arabacioglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayse Oguz Unver</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUPPORTING INQUIRY BASED LABORATORY PRACTICES WITH MOBILE LEARNING TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ PROCESS SKILLS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry based laboratory practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mobile learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water quality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481917132.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supporting the latest technology for inquiry is among one of the topics that is currently being discussed in the context of science education. The aim of this research is to examine the laboratory practices that use mobile learning to enhance the science process skills of the participants. The research is of qualitative design and has been planned as action research. The practices on determining the quality of water are based on an approach of guided inquiry based learning. The research was conducted with eleven (n=11) volunteering pre-service teachers who were third-year students in department of the science teacher education. Group discussions, classroom camera records and spreadsheet responses were used to determine the scope of the research. The data were analyzed with directed content analysis by two separate researchers who used the Nvivo 8 program. At the end of the research, it was concluded that using mobile learning contributed to the laboratory practices in many ways. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">216–231 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Broks</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SYSTEMS THEORY OF SYSTEMS THINKING: GENERAL AND PARTICULAR WITHIN MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">practical life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systems approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systems thinking</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482423498.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Following the concept of human as spiritual alive body, human thinking is spiritual activity of our brain – brainwork. Today we accept that thinking means processing of information what is important for management of human body life. Studying organization of human brainwork, people have discovered that all our thoughts and thinking activities are interconnected and form definite hierarchic structures. Humans reflect world as a set or network of diverse phenomena by building corresponding theories or models of observed phenomena. In other words, all phenomena in human world of thoughts are reflected as SYSTEMS, which are organizational units of Systems Thinking. Every system contains their interconnected parts and as a whole is a part of surrounding medium, made from other systems. Such hierarchic integral understanding and comprehension of human brainwork today has become the basic value of Systems Theory as theory of Systems Thinking. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">408-410</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Araitz Uskola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USE OF FIRST-HAND DATA TO CONSTRUCT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE SUN-EARTH-MOON SYSTEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge construction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phases of the Moon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">use of data</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422315.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inquiry-based educational contexts including observation of the Moon have been found to facilitate students´ understanding of the Sun-Earth-Moon system. However, the role that the collected data play in the knowledge construction process is unclear, as the process that students develop from the collected data has not previously been reported. Use of data is considered one of the three competencies of scientific literacy, and this research focuses on analysing how eighty four pre-service teachers perform it. A five-level scale has been elaborated. Twenty written group reports and 5 oral data discussion have been analysed. Improvement in the students’ knowledge, especially in areas that had been reported to be problematic, is observed. Results show that the designed activities and group discussions help students take their data into consideration, establish comparisons and identify patterns. However, difficulties in identifying patterns and especially in explaining their causes arise and are discussed. The role of the teacher in the process of establishing the causes of the identified patterns stands out when oral discussions are analysed. Several interventions of the teacher are found to be the key for the students to be able to use the collected data to construct appropriate scientific knowledge. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">298-311</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominika Majerčíková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuzana Vyoralová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE USE OF REALIA VERSUS POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS ON BOTANY LESSONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adaptive memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PowerPoint programme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">realia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481285896.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Botany is traditionally viewed as less attractive than zoology for students, despite the fact that plants play a key role in natural ecosystems. It is hypothesized that survival-relevant information may enhance learner's attention and that this information might be better remembered than others. Additionally, the use of the PowerPoint (PPT) presentation software in teaching biology is questionable, particularly in comparison with the use of realia. A theory of adaptive memory was employed in an experiment, in which the presence of fruits, their colour and their toxicity on samples of plants was handled. The memory scores and interest in plants of the participants were measured. The effectiveness of the PPT compared with the use of realia (live plants) was also analysed. The memory scores were highest in treatments with living samples of plants containing fruits. Survival-relevant information (plant toxicity) was better retained than survival-irrelevant information. Participants retained information about plants with dark fruits better than about plants with red fruits. The activities with live plants, but not the PPT, increased participant's interest in plants. In summary, using living plants and fruits over the PPT is recommended when teaching botany.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18–27 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Önen Öztürk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE TO TEACH SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of scientific inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher candidate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481285947.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the research is to detect the views of the science teacher candidates about the nature of scientific inquiry before and after a history of science based teaching process. The research was made with the participation of 18 teacher candidates, who were enrolled in the primary science-teaching department of an Istanbul-based university. The qualitative data collection and analysis methods were used in the research, which was based upon the “case studies” to uncover the views in more details. Data of the research were collected by using the document analysis and interview. The data were assessed through the content and descriptive analysis methods. The results of the research represented that the teacher candidates’ views about the guidance of the scientific questions to the scientific investigations, the multiple purposes of the scientific investigations and the justification of the scientific knowledge were “weak” in the pre-test, and their views about the remaining aspects were at the level of “informed.” The teacher candidates could not express “sophisticated” views about any aspect. After the implementation process, it was seen that the teacher candidates’ views about the method diversity and the distinctions between the data and the evidence improved, but there was no difference in their views about other aspects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28–47 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agustín Pozo Tamayo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lina Viviana Melo Niño</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Javier Cubero Juánez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANALYSIS AND INTERVENTION OF STUDENT KNOWLEDGE OF NUTRITION AND SEXUALITY AT A PENAL INSTITUTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutritional education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">penal institution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous Knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sexual education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479498372.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studies related to the habits of students of Nutrition and Sexuality show the existence of inaccurate knowledge that leads them to adopting unhealthy lifestyles. The team of teachers at a Penal Institution in Spain diagnosed this aforementioned lifestyle was becoming a reality in their students aged between 18 and 47. The aim of this research was to analyse and improve the Nutritional and Sexual knowledge of these students. The students’ level of knowledge was detected through a pre-test and post-test that were quantitatively designed and analysed according to four variables (studies, gender, age and body mass index). In order to improve their knowledge, an educational intervention was conducted and was quantitatively and qualitatively analysed according to six categories: change or improvement in sexual knowledge, change or improvement in nutritional knowledge, affective factors, the learning process, evaluation and methodology. The results show conceptual differences according to the four variables and that the intervention contributes to a conceptual change or improvement thanks to the activities and resources used. The implication of this research is to reveal the importance of analysing students’ knowledge so as to improve the quality of the teaching/learning process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">513–523</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bongani D. Bantwini</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF COLLABORATION BETWEEN NATURAL SCIENCE SCHOOL DISTRICT OFFICIALS AND PRIMARY SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERS IN SOUTH AFRICA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">district officials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Africa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479542362.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collaboration and synergy among education stakeholders is a fundamental pillar for any educational reform success. The reported research analyses the state of collaboration and work dynamics that existed between natural science district officials and primary school teachers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Data were collected through interviews conducted with science district officials and teachers and policy document review. The results focuses on past previous experiences with officials as barrier towards effective collaboration, work dynamics between science district officials and science teachers in their districts, impact on and implications for curriculum reform implementation and professional development. It is argued that effective collaboration between district officials and teachers is a hallmark of curriculum reform success, teacher growth and success in the workplace, which result in student academic achievement. Effective collaborations are built around trust in individual’s professional integrity and are characterised by professional candour, appreciation of individuals and understanding. In conclusion, it is imperative for district officials and teachers to improve communication and strive for effective collaboration, mutual respect, and power sharing rather than domination of one group by the other.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">586–598 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shu-Hsuan Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li-Chih Yu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yen-Kuang Kuo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi-Ting Mai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jen-De Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APPLYING ONLINE PEER ASSESSMENT WITH TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT TO ELEVATE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING PERFORMANCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online peer assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM course</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Quality Management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497325.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum emphasize project-based learning (PBL) with peer assessment/on-line peer assessment (PA/OPA). Many studies have stressed that students did not improve over two rounds in PBL with OPA studies and PBL with PA have to adopt team mutual cooperation to reap effective learning. This study proposed an innovative approach that incorporate OPA with TQM as a macro-level instructional tool to guide students in teacher's directing of collaborative project development as well as seeking continuous improvement to elevate Project-Based Learning Performance in a STEM course. The effects of OPA with TQM were examined through an experiment with PBL performances hypotheses. A total of 63 junior students in an university of Taiwan voluntarily participated in this study and a quasi-experimental approach with a two-group design was adopted. The results revealed that the team members using the OPA with TQM approach tended to have higher design skill performance, better cohesive teamwork and creative problem solving attitude. Thus, the proposed approach facilitated team members to collaborate for seeking continuous improvement. However, no significant difference was reported on the influence of enhancing students’ design concept. Implication and suggestions for educators to promote the PBL with OPA and TQM were also provided in the study.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379-390</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nail Ilhan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeynel Abidin Yilmaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hülya Dede</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATTITUDES OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS TOWARDS EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND THEIR SCIENCE TEACHING EFFICACY BELIEFS IN TURKEY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-Service Science Teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473430732.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the most necessary teaching competencies for science teachers concerns their self-efficacy belief. It is also necessary for teachers to benefit from educational research in order to develop their science teaching efficacy beliefs. However, studies are restricted. This study aims to analyze the attitudes of pre-service science teachers towards educational research and their science teaching efficacy beliefs, and the relationship between the two variables according to some demographical (academic achievement, gender, and the type of high school they attended). The study was conducted according to the survey research design. Sample of the study includes 517 pre-service science teachers (final year students) at five different universities in Turkey. ‘Teachers Attitude Scale towards Educational Research [TASTER]’ and ‘Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument [STEBI]’ were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0. Analysis of the data has revealed that there is a relationship between the attitudes of the pre-service science teachers towards educational research and their science teaching efficacy belief.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183–193</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edy Hafizan Mohd Shahali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lilia Halim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sattar Rasul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamisah Osman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zanaton Ikhsan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faszly Rahim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BITARA-STEMTM TRAINING OF TRAINERS’ PROGRAMME: IMPACT ON TRAINERS’ KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, ATTITUDES AND EFFICACY TOWARDS INTEGRATED STEM TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integrated STEM teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM facilitators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM graduates</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908253.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Bitara-STEMTM Training of Trainer Programme is a short-term professional development programme aimed to increase STEM teachers or facilitators’ abilities to teach integrated STEM education and to increase their efficacy, beliefs and attitudes of integrated STEM teaching. The programme involves 35 facilitators, representing a broad spectrum of STEM fields. Pre- and post-test results of the participants’ beliefs, attitudes, perceived efficacy and content knowledge in the context of integrated STEM teaching revealed significant changes. The findings also revealed (i) knowledge of integrated STEM teaching to be related to facilitators’ efficacy for teaching integrated STEM and (ii) facilitators’ attitudes to be related to beliefs of integrated STEM teaching. The outcomes of this study provide evidence that a relatively short-term professional development can have a significant impact on facilitators’ beliefs, attitudes, efficacy and knowledge of integrated STEM teaching and STEM concepts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85-95</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daehyeok Kang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanghwa Hong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF IDEAS DEPENDING ON TIME WHEN CONDUCTING SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY ACTIVITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gifted education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching creativity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497961.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teaching creativity is one of the major goals of science class. This study examined how much time is necessary to conduct a scientific creativity task requiring fluency in middle schools. To accomplish this, 76 and 45 scientifically gifted and ordinary students respectively generated as many ideas as possible for the creativity task. The results revealed that ordinary students spent, on average, approximately 20 minutes to generate 3.49 ideas per student. However, gifted students concentrated on the task for a longer time (roughly 60 minutes), and consequently generated greater (11.53) and more elaborate ideas. In comparing the ordinary students’ fluency with their school science scores, no relationship was found between them. This indicates that only teaching science cannot guarantee the development of creativity. Therefore, it is concluded that teaching fluency in middle schools is necessary and can possibly encourage creativity, provided that teachers can secure a minimal amount of time required to do so. Finally, the limitations of this study and further studies are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">448–459</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johanes Pelamonia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aloysius Duran Corebima</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COGNITIVE BASIS AND SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL REASONING ON SCIENCE AMONG LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: A CASE OF INDONESIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive basis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479498134.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A study had been conducted in qualitative design employing phenomenology approach to examine the cognitive basis and the semantic structure of phenomena based reasoning of lower secondary school students in Ambon. The data of the study were collected by using a test. Phenomena stimulus of science was given to the informants in the form of cognitive basis and semantic structure of phenomena based reasoning. This study concluded that (1) the cognitive basis of phenomena based reasoning were orientation, inferential abstraction, and inferential affirmation; (2) students were able to analyze phenomena by using systematic cognitive framework only if they had complete information of the phenomena; (3) inference validity related to the cognitive basis is heavily determined by the phenomena analysis ability; (4) the general semantic structures in phenomena based reasoning were definitional and assertional; (5) the semantic structure complexity was determined too by the phenomena knowledge availability which was analyzed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">474–486 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagnija Cēdere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inese Jurgena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ineta Helmane</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inta Tiltiņa-Kapele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunita Praulīte</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COGNITIVE INTEREST: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IN THE ACQUISITION OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS IN SCHOOLS OF LATVIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and mathematics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497805.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognitive interest is a vital learning motive for the successful learning process. Nowadays students’ interest about science and mathematics are decreasing. The aim of the study is to explore the cognitive interest of Grade 9 students in science and mathematics. Students were surveyed and it helped to explore the respondents’ cognitive activity and the cognitive interest regarding the understanding of causal relations, research activity and the solution of practical problems. The level of cognitive interests on the three level scales is average for the whole sample of respondents. The survey shows that students do not possess explicit cognitive activity; learning happens rather passively, without initiative; however, they have rather pronounced interest to explore and solve problems connected with the real life. Some implications for teachers on how to increase learners’ cognitive interest are provided in the conclusion. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">424–434</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Bursal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A COMPARISON OF STANDARD AND RETROSPECTIVE PRE-POST TESTING FOR MEASURING THE CHANGES IN SCIENCE TEACHING EFFICACY BELIEFS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">personal science teaching efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice elementary teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">response-shift bias</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retrospective pretest</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473431360.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thirty-nine American and 78 Turkish preservice elementary teachers’ personal science teaching efficacy (PSTE) beliefs were investigated during science methods courses with standard and retrospective pre-post testing methods. Significant differences in the PSTE gain scores, which indicate the changes in the mean PSTE scores from standard/retrospective pretests to the posttest, were found between the standard and retrospective measurements in both samples. Significant differences between the standard and retrospectively measured gain scores were detected among all subgroups under study, which were formed by participants’ PSTE levels and gender. It has been concluded that the differences between the standard and retrospectively measured PSTE gain scores are due to the difference in the nature of these measurement methods and can be seen in most research samples in educational studies around the world. The findings of this study suggest that the response-shift bias should be considered as a common threat to validity for research studies measuring self-efficacy beliefs with the standard pre-post testing method.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">275–283</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erol Çil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Uğraş</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONCEPT OF HYBRIDIZATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SCIENCE TEACHING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: A PHENOMENOGRAPHIC STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Description Category</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473430977.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The hybridization of carbon is an important problem of quantum chemistry. It means that atomic orbitals could mix giving hybrid orbitals. Orbitals are not physical objects; they are mathematical solutions of the Schrodinger equation. The aim of this study is to determine through phenomenographic method how Science Teaching undergraduate students comprehend &quot;hybridization&quot;. 176 students, 78 of whom are male and 98 of whom are female, participated in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire form was used in the study as data collection tool. As a result of analysis of data, it was determined that students describe hybridization in 5 different categories and 4 different ways. According to these categories: &quot;1) Hybridization is a kind of covalent bond, 2) an electronic transition between bonds, 3) an electronic transition between orbitals, 4) the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals suitable for bonding 5) a case observed as a result of interaction between particles. Among the categories, the one &quot;a mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals suitable for bonding&quot; category was at the top of the list with 69 metaphors.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">227–236</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631466887.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 14, No. 6, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">703</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631815493.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">291</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631556746.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 14, No. 5, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">563</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631894398.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631730356.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">419</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631982960.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceyhan Cigdemoglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Omer Geban</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTEXT-BASED LESSONS WITH 5E MODEL TO PROMOTE CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND ENERGY CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5E Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical reactions and energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based lessons</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497881.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explores whether the context-based approach with 5E model (CBA-5E) can lead to better understanding of chemical reactions and energy concepts when compared to conventional instruction (CI). Additionally, the study delves into the effect of treatment with regards to gender. Eleventh grade science-major classes with 175 students from two public high schools were enrolled. The experimental groups were treated with CBA-5E, the control groups as CI, the treatments were randomly assigned to the groups. The chemical reactions and energy concepts test, including the common alternative conceptions, was administered as pre- and post-test. The chemical reactions and energy achievement test, including conceptual and algorithmic problems, was administered as a post-test to the groups. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was used for the analysis of the data, and the results revealed that CBA-5E was superior to CI on the students’ conceptual understanding regarding these concepts regardless of gender difference. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">435–447</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arsad Bahri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aloysius Duran Corebima</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONTRIBUTION OF LEARNING MOTIVATION AND METACOGNITIVE SKILL ON COGNITIVE LEARNING OUTCOME OF STUDENTS WITHIN DIFFERENT LEARNING STRATEGIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology cognitive learning outcome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive skill</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-based learning-reading</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479498242.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study of the correlation between learning motivation and metacognitive skill on students’ cognitive learning outcome simultaneously in classes taught by different learning strategies is still lacking. A correlational research was conducted to investigate the contribution of learning motivation and metacognitive skill simultaneously on cognitive learning outcome of 142 students studying biology in classes experiencing different learning strategies at Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, State University of Makassar, Indonesia. The learning motivation was measured by using motivation questionnaire adapted from Keller (1983), and metacognitive skill was measured integrated with cognitive test. The findings showed that contribution of learning motivation and metacognitive skills simultaneously on cognitive learning outcomes in PBL-RQA, PBL, RQA, and conventional learning strategies was very high. The contribution of metacognitive skills on cognitive learning outcome was much greater than the contribution of learning motivation. This finding research was contrary with the previous studies. Based on the facts related to metacognitive skills, learning should consider seriously the empowerment of metacognitive skills by implementing appropriate learning strategies. Further researches are needed to reveal the correlation between learning motivation on cognitive learning outcomes in different populations and measuring instruments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">487–500</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ninik Kristiani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herawati Susilo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duran Corebima Aloysius</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ATTITUDE TOWARD SCIENCE AND COGNITIVE LEARNING RESULT OF STUDENTS IN DIFFERENT BIOLOGY LEARNINGS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive learning result</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regression line</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479543832.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was conducted during one year in three different classes that were taught biology by using three different learnings, Inquiry-based learning, Thinking Empowerment by Questioning integrated with Inquiry learning (TEQI), and Scientific learning. This study investigated the correlation between attitude toward science and cognitive learning results in the three different learnings, and compared the three regression lines whether or not they are parallel. The results of this study show that the correlations between attitude toward science and cognitive learning results in the three biology learnings are significant, with the value of contribution as much as 0.634, 0.448, and 0.708 respectively. The results of the analysis of variance related to the regression equation in the three different learnings are parallel and do not coincide; the regression line of TEQI strategy is at the highest position. It indicated that TEQI strategy has the advantage of training attitude toward science and simultaneously increases students' cognitive learning results.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">723–732</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631556697.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 14, No. 5, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">561-562</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631466843.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 14, No. 6, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">701-702</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631815446.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">289-290</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631730301.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">417-418</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631982922.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2015</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631894359.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157-158</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayşe Nesibe Köklükaya</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE DETERMINATION OF OPINIONS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS ON THE CURRICULUM OF SCIENCE COURSES ON THE BASIS OF THE 3-IDIOTS MOVIE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-idiots movie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenomenology research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-service science teachers’ perceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Curriculum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497224.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science teaching emerged due to an attempt to understand the world around us and a sense of wonder at nature and survived until today by means of being supported by new research and findings. The implementation of science in schools is carried out with curriculums. The main purpose of the curriculum of science courses is to train all students in science literacy regardless of their individual differences. According to the educational program of sciences courses, audiovisual aids used in education with a learning objective which is one of these aids is one of the most effective ways to ensure permanent learning. Within this concept the purpose of the study is to determine the opinions of pre-service science teachers about the curriculum of the science lesson based upon the stories in the 3-Idiots movie. In this research, phenomenology research was used. As a data gathering tool, three semi-structured interview questions prepared accordingly to “3- Idiots” movie were used. According to the participants, the science curriculum must be lead in investigating, interrogating, criticising, curiosity and reconnoitering in terms of features that must be acquired for being scientifically literate individuals. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">366-378</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guntay Tasci</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING A SCALE FOR PERCEPTIONS OF COMPETENCY IN BIOLOGY TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology teachers’ competency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479544138.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement instrument to determine pre-service teachers’ perceptions of competency in biology teaching. A total of 835 pre-service teachers participated in this study. The data set obtained at the first stage was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and the data set obtained at the second stage was analyzed using first-order confirmatory factor analysis and then second-order confirmatory factor analysis. After those analyses, the convergent and discriminant validities of the scale with the determined factorial structures [χ2 (29, N=608) = 101 p&lt;.000, χ2/df = 3.48, RMSEA=0.062, GFI=0.97, CFI=0.99, NNFI=0.98, NFI=0.98] were evaluated and Cronbach’s alpha, stratified alpha, and McDonald’s omega coefficients were estimated for internal consistency. Thus, a scale consisting of four sub-scales with 67 items in total was developed. The total score for the scale can be calculated by adding the scores of the sub-scales.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">764–778  </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngmin Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young-Shin Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongseok Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin-Su Jeong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE PRACTICAL ON-SITE COOPERATION MODEL (POCoM) FOR IMPROVING SCIENCE TEACHING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cooperative model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observational protocol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908155.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to improve science teaching in a practical way by activating teachers’ potential teaching expertise or professional knowledge. We developed an alternative in-service approach, the Practical On-site Cooperation Model (POCoM), according to the following principles: (1) the “bottom-up” approach, where observed problems in science classes are improved practically and immediately without any pre-determined teaching plan or materials; (2) “cooperation” between researchers and teachers to improve teaching; (3) “naturalistic settings” where various real problems occur in actual teaching and learning situations; and (4) “gradual improvement” rather than revolutionary change. The POCoM was applied with three science teachers, and 24 classes were observed. We found about 65%–96% teaching improvement. The analysis of the cooperation processes and science teaching in classrooms identified seven types of successful improvements and five types of unsatisfactory cases, including their reasons and features. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45-63</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namudar İzzet Kurbanoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Akın</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF A SCALE TO MEASURE ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ANXIETY LEVEL OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary education curriculum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497436.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University students’ achievements in organic chemistry depend on cognitive variables. In addition, non-cognitive variables such as anxiety levels also have an impact on students’ organic chemistry achievements. The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool assessing the anxiety levels of university students in organic chemistry lessons. In this study, the Organic Chemistry Anxiety Scale (O-CAS) consisting of 24 items was developed, its validity and reliability was analysed. All the items are positively worded to indicate increased anxiety. Factor analytic evidence from a sample (n=340) of university organic chemistry students indicated that the O-CAS measured three constructs. Additional analysis with a second sample (n=297) showed that scores on these anxiety constructs were internally consistent, with Cronbach’s alphas ranging from 0.87 to 0.92 and were 0.95 for the overall scale. Further, the result of analysis of the third sample (n=195) indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between organic chemistry anxiety and organic chemistry achievement of students. According to these results, the O-CAS can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in chemistry education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">391-400</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nataša Rizman Herga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saša A. Glažar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dejan Dinevski</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DYNAMIC VISUALIZATION IN THE VIRTUAL LABORATORY ENHANCES THE FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMICAL CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamic visualization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">submicroscopic level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497157.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In natural science education it is important that the macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic levels are interconnected in a student’s mind. Primary school children have the greatest difficulty in understanding the sub-microscopic, which is outside their experiential framework. This research examines the classroom application of the virtual laboratory in integrating macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic aspects of chemistry. Pupils of the seventh grade, aged between 12 and 13 years (N = 225), participated in the didactic experiment that was conducted in ten primary schools in Slovenia. The fundamental research question was whether pupils studying the same natural science content using the virtual laboratory performed better than those who did not. The results of the experiment revealed that in terms of knowledge acquisition the use of a virtual laboratory improved pupil performance in relation to those who did not use elements of dynamic visualisation in the classroom. In accordance with Bloom’s cognitive scale, it was demonstrated that in relation to basic, higher and advanced levels of knowledge and comprehension, the use of the virtual laboratory positively influences pupils’ understanding of selected concepts in chemistry. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">351-365</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neslihan Ültay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF CONCEPT CARTOONS EMBEDDED WITHIN CONTEXT-BASED CHEMISTRY: CHEMICAL BONDING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative Conception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical bonding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept cartoons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based approach</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908297.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of concept cartoons embedded within context-based learning approach on 8th grade students’ alternative conceptions of “chemical bonding”. Within a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design, the study was conducted with 45 8th grade students. To gather data, Chemical Bonding Concept Test (CBCT) with 16 multiple choice questions and clinical interviews with 5 open-ended questions was used to probe their conceptions. Clinical interview questions were prepared in parallel with the same alternative conceptions asked in the CBCT. At the end of the study, context-based approach was found effective at remedying alternative conceptions about chemical bonding. On the other hand, although concept cartoons are found powerful tools to remedy alternative conceptions about chemical bonding, they did not show an extraordinary effect. This suggests that we may need to use more than one intervention method to effectively remedy the alternative conceptions in chemical bonding.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">96-108</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namudar İzzet Kurbanoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Koç Nefes</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF CONTEXT-BASED QUESTIONS ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ TEST ANXIETY AND SCIENCE ATTITUDE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based questions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conventional questions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Test Anxiety</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473430915.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The context-based questions have promise and potential to reduce the test anxiety of students and improve their attitudes towards science. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of context-based questions on test anxiety and science attitude of students. The research design employed was a quasi-experimental equivalent control group with a pre-test and post-test design. Samples were 70 secondary school students, selected from the 185 seventh grade students at a public school in Turkey. Test Anxiety and Science Attitude Scales were used to measure their test anxiety and attitude towards science, respectively. The results of the data analysis indicated that the context-based questions significantly reduced the test anxiety of the students in the experimental group and improved their attitudes towards science. In contrast, the conventional questions increased the test anxiety of the control group students, but no significant effect in science attitude was found among them. Further, the results showed that there was a relationship between the pre- and post-test scores of the test anxiety and science attitude of both the experimental and control groups. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">216–226</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gulbin Ozkan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gamze Sezgin Selcuk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONCEPTUAL CHANGE TEXTS AND CONTEXT-BASED LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change texts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">real life context-based learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479544081.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The topic of pressure and buoyancy is one that encompasses both invisible and abstract conceptions and about which students have misconceptions. The purpose of this research was to research the effectiveness of three different methods of teaching physics (conceptual change-based, real life context-based and traditional learning on upper-secondary physics students in the 11th grade in terms of conceptual achievement about the pressure and buoyancy topics. In this research, pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control group, involving a 3 (group) × 2 (time) factorial design was used. Experimental 1 Group was given the conceptual change texts on the mentioned subjects, the Experimental 2 Group was offered a learning approach based on real life context-based learning, whereas the control group was given the traditional learning. Data for the research were collected with the &quot;Pressure Conceptual Test&quot;. When the results of the research were examined, it was found that the conceptual change text group's conceptual understanding scores were significantly higher than those of the context-based learning group and the traditional learning group. The context-based learning group's conceptual understanding scores were significantly higher than those of the traditional learning group. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">753–763</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiří Škoda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavel Doulík</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Šimonová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INQUIRY BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION IN RELATION TO THE LEARNERS´ MOTIVATION TYPES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learners’ motivation types</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">testing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479544335.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study presents the results of the quantitative research focusing on the effectiveness of the inquiry based science education (IBSE) in correlation to motivation types of learners. Reflecting the fact that the learning results are impacted by the inner motivation, the main aim of the research was to find out whether there are differences in IBSE effectiveness in four motivation types - explorers, directors, coordinators, and accurators. 
The IBSE approach was applied for the period of five months to 395 fifteen-year-old learners of Czech lower secondary schools. The IBSE effectiveness was tested before the instruction (pre-test), immediately after it (post-test1) and four months later (post-test2). The results of four motivation types were compared. Directors reached the best results in post-test1; explorers in post-test2; accurators´ results were the worst of all. These findings show that the IBSE cannot be applied as a universal method; teachers should adjust its exploitation to learners’ individual particularities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">791–803</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eunice Eyitayo Olakanmi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF A WEB-BASED COMPUTER SIMULATION ON STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF RATE OF REACTION AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS CHEMISTRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude to chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rate of reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">web-based computer simulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479542701.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study established the effects of a web-based computer simulation on the conceptual understanding of the rate of chemical reaction and attitude of 66 first year secondary school (SS1) students in Niger state, Nigeria towards chemistry. A pre-test and post-test experimental design was used during which students were randomly assigned into either the experimental or the control group. The ‘Rate of Reaction Knowledge Test’ (RRKT) and the ‘Chemistry Attitude Scale’ (CAS) was administered. Classroom observations and structured interviews with the students yielded additional qualitative data. The results showed that a statistically significant difference was found between the groups and that the web-based computer simulation improved students’ development of mental models on rate of reaction in comparison to the students in the experimental group. The students in the experimental groups also indicated that they liked using the software learning tools. The findings support the notion that chemistry teachers should be trained or re-trained in the use of web-based computer simulations for teaching chemistry. It places an onus on educational authorities to procure web-based simulations for use in teaching chemistry and other science subjects in secondary schools.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">627–640</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evrim Ural</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orhan Ercan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF WEB-BASED EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE ENRICHED BY CONCEPT MAPS ON LEARNING OF STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept maps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure of matter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462907888.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Current study aimed to examine the effects of web-based instructional material enriched by concept maps, the academic achievement of 7th graders in “Structure and Properties of Matter&quot; unit. The study utilized a quasi-experimental model with pretest-posttest control group design. A sample of the study was composed of 58 students. “Structure and Properties of Matter&quot; unit was taught to the experimental group with computer assisted teaching method, while the same unit was taught to control group by using traditional teaching methods. “Structure of Matter Achievement Test”, “Science and Technology Attitude Scale” and “Computer Attitude Scale” were used as data collection tools. The results showed that web-based teaching method was more effective compared to traditional teaching methods in increasing academic achievement in science and technology classes and there is no statistically significant difference in both group attitudes towards Science and Technology Class or computers. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-19</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELEGANCE IN SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elegance in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quality of knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trends in education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497727.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science is often thought of as a methodical but dull activity. However, the finest science, the breakthroughs most admired and respected by scientists themselves, are characterized by elegance. Thinking of elegance as grace, taste or refined luxury would be useless here. So what does elegance mean in the context of science? Economy is a considerable part of it, as is creativity. An elegant mathematical proof, an elegant theory, or an elegant experiment are all, that is, economical and imaginative, and sometimes breathtakingly simple, once explained. When it comes to elegance, however, what do we mean? What does the word elegance truly designate? It comes from the Latin elegantia, &quot;taste, propriety, or refinement.&quot; Elegance is usually a synonym for beauty and has acquired the additional connotations of unusual effectiveness and simplicity. The word is frequently used as a standard of tastefulness, particularly in the areas of visual design, decoration, the sciences and the aesthetics of mathematics. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">420–423 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosta Dolenc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Domen Kovačič</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELEMENTARY AND NATURAL SCIENCE TEACHERS’ ONLINE READING METACOGNITION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">linear text reading metacognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online metacognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading metacognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908392.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new generation of students should learn from e-materials on tablets, notebooks and smart phones. This consequently means that teachers must be competent to teach new literacies, needed for reading/learning from PDF texts, hypertexts and/or World Wide Web. The presented research investigated future teachers’ metacognitive awareness in the process of reading online texts. The sample of 53 2nd year students at the university study program Elementary education and 28 students of natural science and mathematics, pedagogical study, was tested with the OSORS, method for measuring three types of online metacognitive awareness: general reading metacognition, problem-solving reading metacognition and support reading strategies. The results give an insight into future teachers’ online metacognitive skills and guide toward conclusions concerning further investigation in the field of new literacies didactics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">121-131</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631983010.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155-156</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631466940.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 14, No. 6, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">821-824</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631894444.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">284-288</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631815563.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">411-416</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631730415.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">556-560</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1631556794.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 14, No. 5, 2015, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">697-700</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Tezer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gulsum Yildiz Aşıksoy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ SELF-EFFICACY RELATED TO PHYSICS LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engineering Students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479496891.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Various studies have demonstrated that students who have high levels of academic high levels of academic self-efficacy are better at overcoming obstacles, have higher targets and are more confident. So, the aim of this research was to determine the self-efficacy levels of engineering students regarding physics, and to analyse the effect of their alma mater, class levels, the type of engineering programme in which they are being educated and academic success variables on their self-efficacy regarding physics. In the present research “Physics self-efficacy scale” including two factors which were developed by the authors was used to collect the data. Considering one of the independent variables, such as their alma mater, it can be seen that students who graduated from private high schools had a higher level of self-efficacy. In addition, compared to other students, those in their first year had a higher level of self-efficacy, which led to greater academic success.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">311-326</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marika Kapanadze</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Claus Bolte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincent Schneider</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ekaterine Slovinsky</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING SCIENCE TEACHERS’ CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF INQUIRY BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IBSE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service teachers in Georgia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stages of concern</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473431219.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decreasing motivation in science classes is often reported in many countries. Georgia, one of the post Soviet countries, has overcome the highly centralised educational system and nowadays implements a new national educational reform. National reforms demand more student-active and inquiry-based learning. Many Georgian teachers aren’t ready for these changes and need professional development training to enhance their professional skills in Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE). Therefore Ilia State University offers special continuous professional development (CPD) programs for science teachers in the frame of PROFILES project. The aim of the research was to determine what profession oriented attitudes and concerns Georgian in-service science teachers have regarding IBSE and what changes are visible after the implementation of PROFILES-based CPD programme. In order to conduct the research, the Stages of Concern model was used. 40 teachers took part in the two terms of the CPD programme. Research shows that the implemented CPD programme fosters the professional attitudes and concerns of Georgian science teachers in a positive manner. Therefore, it can be highly recommended to use the framework of the PROFILES-based CPD programme(s).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">254–266</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bo Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacob Misiak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATING THREE GRADING METHODS IN MIDDLE SCHOOL SCIENCE CLASSROOMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rubric-based grading</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473430856.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to fill a gap in middle school science education that no direct comparison has been conducted on three popular grading methods - point based, rubric based, and rubric plus written feedback based - on science achievement and motivation. Participants in this quasi-experimental study are 136 7th and 8th grade students from Midwest USA. Results indicate that for both grades, the written feedback group performs significantly better than the point-based and the rubric-only groups on both achievement and motivation measures. However, science achievement under rubric-based grading but without written feedback is not different from that under the traditional points-based grading, underscoring the important extra power that written feedback delivers. This study recommends that written feedback be highly relevant (to the academic standard being assessed), limited in number (to the major misconceptions students have), and giving a second chance (for students to act on to improve learning). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207–215</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilek Sultan Acarli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melek Yaman Kasap</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLANATION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SMOKING BEHAVIOR: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL APPROACH WITH THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural equation model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theory of Planned Behavior</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473430674.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smoking is a worldwide problem that threatens people’s health. The average age of smokers has decreased with each passing day. Thus, studies focusing on preventing children or teenagers from starting smoking or studies aiming to help people quit smoking are one of the most effective ways of the fight against smoking. In order to prevent smoking behavior of young people it is necessary to thoroughly examine the reasons of such behavior. In this study, smoking behavior of high school students was examined in the framework of Planned Behavior Theory, which is a socio-psychological theory (TPB, Ajzen, 1985). With the structural equation model, which was constructed by taking TPB components into account, factors affecting students’ smoking behavior were determined. Theory of Planned Behavior has explained the smoking behaviors of the participants in 72%. It was seen that the most important TPB component that affects students’ behavior is attitude, which is followed by subjective norm and perceived behavior control, respectively. The results indicate that one should work on attitude first and foremost, and thus on behavioral beliefs in order to make changes in the students’ tendency to smoke, in other words, in their behavior. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">172-182</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elif Atabek-Yigit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE STRUCTURE OUTCOMES AND TEST ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS ON CHEMICAL BONDING VIA FLOW MAPPING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical bonding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flow map</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479498430.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The relationship between cognitive structure outcomes of students and their test achievement was examined in this study. A question form and two types of tests (a multiple-choice test (MCT) and a true-false test (TFT)) were used to gather the research data. According to the results of this study, extend, richness and integratedness of students’ statements significantly correlated to their scores in TFT. Also, richness of students’ statements was significantly correlated to their MCT scores. Describing and comparing were significantly correlated with MCT scores, while describing, comparing and inferring were significantly correlated with the students’ TFT scores. Therefore, it can be said that tests reflect students’ cognitive structures. Furthermore, students with higher order thinking skills can be identified by TFT rather than with MCT. Students’ misconceptions about the research topic were also examined, and they were generally on the classification and types of chemical bonds.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">524–534 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebru Öztürk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FACEBOOK AS A NEW COMMUNITY OF INQUIRY ENVIRONMENT: AN INVESTIGATION IN TERMS OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND MOTIVATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Academic Success</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive presence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social presence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462907938.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study attempts to determine whether or not Facebook is an environment suiting the Community of Inquiry Framework by investigating the cognitive, social, and teaching presence perceptions of students in Facebook groups and to examine the impact of group size on the CoI model. Additionally, whether or not these three types of presences predicted academic success and motivation were investigated. The data were analyzed through logistic regression analysis, independent samples t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The study was conducted in a blended course, where Facebook was utilized for online discussions. The study revealed that the relation between cognitive, social, and teaching presences was significant and at a high-level. The high correlation determined among the social, cognitive, and teaching presence perceptions of students in learning communities created on Facebook leads to the consideration that Facebook is a suitable online environment for the COI framework. It is understandable, that all presence perceptions are higher in smaller groups when group impacts are investigated. Other conclusions derived from the study are that academic success was only predicted by cognitive presence and motivation was predicted by both cognitive and teaching presences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-33</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevilay Dervişoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhterem Tankuş</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FACTORS AFFECTING YOUNG PEOPLE’S BEHAVIORAL COMMITMENT TO THE PROTECTION OF LOCAL GAZELLE SPECIES: THE CASE OF ŞANLIURFA IN TURKEY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Value-Belief-Norm theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildlife Protection</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479542637.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The protection of wildlife is an important issue for Turkey. This research examines factors affecting the behavioral commitment of young people, living in the Şanlıurfa province of Turkey, to the protection of the local gazelle species, within the framework of the Value-Belief-Norm Theory. The research was conducted with the participation of high school students (N=472), and it was found that personal norms and the ascription of responsibility are the strongest predictors of behavioral commitment to the protection of the gazelle species. Self-transcendence and conservation value clusters also had a positive impact on behavioral commitment to the protection of the gazelles. The research concludes by making recommendations concerning education programs on the protection of the gazelle species. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">616–626 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toomas Vaino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrin Vaino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Holbrook</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FACTORS EXPLAINING GYMNASIUM STUDENTS’ TECHNOLOGY RELATED CAREER ORIENTATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">design-based science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gymnasium students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Cognitive Career Theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology-related career interests</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479543769.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the current study, gymnasium students’ technology-related career orientations were studied from a Social Cognitive Career Theory perspective. In order to address students’ lack of interest in technology related careers as recognised worldwide, the design-based science learning (DBSL) approach was used. For the purposes of the current study, five learning modules were adapted by the research team from those developed within a European project and taught by science teachers (N=18).  At the beginning of the study, 10th-11th grade students (N=314) completed a questionnaire consisting of measures of career goals, interests, self-efficacy, outcome expectations and contextual supports in relation to technology. After teaching 2-3 modules, students’ technology-related career goals were again determined using a reduced version of the same questionnaire. Based on the outcomes, it was found that at the beginning of the study, boys’ future career goals were significantly more connected with technology than those for girls. In addition, boys had a stronger background related to technology. As a result of the intervention, students’ technology-related career goals became significantly stronger for both boys, as well as for girls, but the change was more pronounced for girls.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">706–722</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siew, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chin Lu Chong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bih Ni Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOSTERING FIFTH GRADERS’ SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fifth graders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem-Based Learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Product Dimension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479543100.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aims to determine whether Problem-Based Learning (PBL) helps in fostering scientific creativity among fifth graders. Students’ scientific creativity (SC) was investigated in the product dimensions of (a) solving scientific problems, (b) understanding scientific phenomena, (c) advancement in scientific knowledge, and (d) improvisation skills with a technical product. A pre-test and post-test single group experimental design was employed. Pre-test measures on SC were administered to 232 fifth graders. Students participated in PBL hands-on activities that required solving open-ended problems. After these were completed, post-test measures on SC were assessed. Students' reactions to the PBL experience were also recorded. The results of paired sample t-tests showed significant differences in all product dimensions of SC, except in the understanding of scientific phenomena. Further analysis found significant differences among the creativity traits of fluency, flexibility and originality in each product dimension of SC, except in the originality in the advances of scientific knowledge. Students felt that the PBL activities were easy, fun, and interesting as well as a practical way of gaining and advancing science knowledge. Students also found their participation in sharing ideas in cooperative learning groups inspired them to be more creative. This research suggests that the PBL activities have a positive impact in fostering student’s SC in science lessons.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">655–669</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsui-Fen Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng-Min Chao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bor-Wen Cheng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FRAMEWORK AND VERIFICATION OF A BLENDED E-LEARNING SYSTEM BEHAVIORAL INTENTION MODEL AMONG CLINICAL NURSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">blended learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurse perceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurses education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural equation model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology acceptance model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479543930.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As the various applications of Internet and information communication technology (ICT) grow rapidly, the education and hospital institutions provide more distance learning programs, which also makes the research on e-learning more important. However, disadvantages in e-learning have been identified. Blended e-learning systems (BELSs) are considered effective alternative learning approaches. This research proposes a conceptual model to explain the factors affecting nurses’ behavioral intention to use a blended e-learning system (BELS). This research integrated perceived risk and the technology acceptance model to hypothesize a theoretical model for explaining and predicting learners’ behavioral intention to use a BELS. Self-report questionnaires were distributed to local community hospitals, regional hospitals, and medical centers in Central Taiwan. To confirm this research hypothesis, data were collected 682 nurses, with a response rate of 97.4%. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the results show that perceived risk, perceived ease of use, and attitude influenced BELS behavioral intention. Perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness substantially influenced use attitude. In addition, the path coefficient of perceived risk on attitude was non-significant. On the basis of the results, hospital institutions can devise better strategies for developing their blended e-learning system. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">733–743</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petr Kacovsky</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GRAMMAR SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS CONCERNING THERMAL PHENOMENA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grammar school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heat and temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal Concept Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermal phenomena</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473430786.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study describes a research focused on grammar school students’ misconceptions in the context of common, everyday thermal phenomena. Almost 500 Czech grammar school students from 24 classes were asked to fill in the reduced version of the Thermal Concept Evaluation in order to measure the asset of traditional instruction in eliminating scientifically incorrect ideas; the reached normalized gain of 0.23 signalizes poor effectiveness of instruction as a whole. In some areas, Czech students’ results were quite poor (questions dealing with phase transitions), while other ones turned out to be surprisingly good in comparison with foreign studies (e.g. perception of “cold” as a scientifically disproved concept). Besides questions regarding thermal phenomena, the test included four statements designed for studying possible relationships between students’ scores and their attitudes. Those who declared “fondness for physics” showed better results both in the pre-test and the post-test; however, the normalized gain turned out to be independent of the attitudes established. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">194–206</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayse Oguz Unver</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sertac Arabacioglu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HELPING PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS TO UNDERSTAND ATOMISM THROUGH OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atom concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept of the atom in antiquity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experiments and observations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Titus Lucretius Carus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908203.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Current atom concept teachings haven’t reached required levels from the points of both teaching methods and learning attainments. With this purpose in this research atom concept is conveyed to the classroom milieu through observations and experiments related to the atom concept during historical development process starting with the masterpiece of, the carrier of the atom thoughts of Antiquity to our age, Roman philosopher Lucretius, namely De Rerum Natura. The study has conducted thoughts regarding the atom in ancient and subsequent history under six headings teaching modules that would span over 11 weeks. The participants in the study were 73 pre-service science teachers. The two-tier multiple-choice diagnostic test was developed. In the analysis of the results of the test, after test hypotheses were proved, the single-factor ANOVA was employed for related samples, while frequency analysis was used for the content of the views of the participants and percentages were calculated to observe the change in alternative conceptions. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64-84</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harika Özge Arslan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ömer Geban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Necdet Sağlam</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNING CYCLE MODEL TO FOSTER CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN CELL DIVISION AND REPRODUCTION CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cell division</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning cycle</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479543262.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">What should teachers do to ensure a student construct meaningful understanding in cell division and reproduction concepts? This research examined the effect of 5E learning cycle on 10th grade students’ understanding of cell division and reproduction concepts and their alternative conceptions on these concepts. Mixed methods research design was utilized for this aim. Eight classes with 228 students from two public high schools were selected conventionally. Experimental groups received learning cycle (LC) and control groups received conventional teaching (CT) throughout the 10 weeks. A three-tier diagnostic test was administered to both groups as pre and post-tests. After the treatment, 12 students were interviewed semi-structurally. The results revealed that learning cycle is superior to conventional teaching on promoting conceptual change along with increasing understanding. The present research recommends teachers utilize learning cycle to improve students’ understanding and remediate their alternative conceptions. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">670–684 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE OF AND MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ANIMAL MIGRATION: PRELIMINARY RESULTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Migration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge of migration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions about migration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479542570.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The animal migration is one of the natural processes and is important not only for animals but also for people. Although this process is inseparable part of the nature, its incorporation into curriculum is on low level, not only in Czech Republic, but also in many other countries. The aim of the research was to identify lower secondary school students' knowledge of and misconceptions about animal migration and to identify if gender, grade and residence of respondents have an influence on it. The sample size was created by 184 Czech lower secondary school students. The researcher himself created the research tool. It was a test and consisted of 18 questions. The test questions were also analyzed by the proportional determination and also by the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics. The knowledge of migration was very low among lower secondary school students. The grade level had the strongest influence on the knowledge from the examined variables. In the conclusion part implications for pedagogical practice are suggested and also suggestions for the further research in this field of study. 
  
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">607–615 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION: VALUES COMPONENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education values</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">value component</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479543688.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One cannot doubt in the importance of Natural science and Technology education. Over the last two or three decades, attention to Natural science and Technology education has been significantly growing. On the one hand, science and technology development was encouraging this, on the other hand, one can observe a decreasing young generation interest in natural sciences and technologies. Paradoxical contrast – in technologically developed countries youth interest in natural sciences is significantly decreased. Completely different situation is in so-called developing countries. About such a situation a lot has been written, discussed, plenty of scientific research have been carried out and so on. It is obvious, that such a situation is determined by a great number of factors. However, in spite of this, education system has to change, to search for effective natural science and technology education forms and methods. The most important goal is suitable and adequate natural science and technology education of the young generation. However, what does suitable and adequate mean? What is suitability and adequacy content? Is it only quantitatively and qualitatively new knowledge and abilities? </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">704–705</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A NEW CHALLENGE BY THE EUROPEAN UNION HAS ALREADY STARTED: RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horizon 2020</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">responsible research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific improvement process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479496676.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It has been revealed by The Directorate-General for Research and Innovation of the European Union that scientific studies and their outcomes, carried out within the last 15 years, haven't been adequately shared within the society. In this context, the search for project applications, reviewing efficient communication strategies between European citizens and science was initiated by the European Union’s Science and Society action plan in 2001. The European Union further developed action plans, under its FP7 program which began in 2007, with a view to increasing participation within society and to enhance two-way dialogues and larger interactions through actualizing Science in Society’s action. Since 2010, a new concept has been developed, addressing factors playing an actual role in social changes and contributing to the scientific improvement process. This has been called: Responsible Research and Innovation. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">289-290</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosta Dolenc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ana Koritnik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NEW NATURAL SCIENCE LITERACIES OF ONLINE RESEARCH AND COMPREHENSION: TO TEACH OR NOT TO TEACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internet in natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479498050.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study describes a research focused on science teachers’ evaluation of natural science literacy of research and comprehension competence in their students. Natural science literacy of research and comprehension competence is defined as an essential part of science literacy – as a competence to find, evaluate and use science knowledge stored on the Internet (as a part of extended memory) to solve a problem in a science class and to construct students’ own science knowledge. Online science literacy was defined in terms of the following aspects: basic skills (which include computer basics, web searching basics, and general navigation basics), locating information, finding a suitable website, locating the information on the website, critically evaluating the information according to its reliability and according to its relevance for the science class assessment. The data were collected through a 53-item Likert – scale questionnaire. The items were adopted from the TICA questionnaire for assessing students’ general online reading competence. Science teachers from 5 different levels of pre-university education assessed their students’ online science literacy in order to evaluate their students’ competence to use the Internet as a storage and as a source of knowledge for teaching/learning process in the science class, to re-evaluate their online teaching practice and the need for implementation of natural science literacy of research and comprehension competence in their science curriculum. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">460–473</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marjanca Kos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janez Jerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBSERVING NATURAL OBJECTS: CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOWERING PLANTS PERCEIVED AS IMPORTANT BY 5- AND 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observation skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant characteristics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool children</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908340.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examined the ways in which children observe flowering plants, namely: which features they perceive as significant, whether the skill of observing flowering plants develops with age, and what is the difference between genders. The research involved 174 children: 89 children aged 5 and 85 children aged 10 who were given the task of choosing the plant they recognised as the same as each of the 10 given test plants among a total of 37 plants which looked more or less similar to the test plants. The analysis of the plant combinations the children most frequently mismatched showed, that colour is the feature to which they attribute the most importance. Shape turned out to be considered more important to the children than size. Older children revealed better plant observation skills than younger ones with the girls achieving better results than the boys in both age groups. The findings show that children's observation skills develop with age, and corroborate the need to support the development of observation in the educational process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109-120</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosta Dolenc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ONLINE FUNCTIONAL LITERACY, INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elementary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading comprehension</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology and science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473430613.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We live in a time of transition from print reading (off-line) to screen reading (on-line), where the role of the book and other literature is being taken over by different types of electronic devices (computers, tablets, smart phones). In the lives of young people, there is less and less printed media, because it is being pushed out by electronic media. Most written media that is still used is thus bound to the classroom. However, in recent years schools have also become more like e-schools. It is almost impossible to find a school that does not use e-material in its educational process. Research indicates that there are differences in reading comprehension when reading off-line and on-line. In a study in which 78 students from the 8th grade of elementary school participated at the course Technology and science (n=77; 53.2% female), it was shown that in order to overcome this difference, individualised and adaptive Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) can be used. The evaluation of the results also indicates that, for such a form of ITS, there is still plenty of space for optimisation, which is a permanent method of improvement and upgrade in such systems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162-171</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Awelani V. Mudau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramodungoane Tabane</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEACHER’S PERSPECTIVES OF THE TYPES AND NATURE OF PRACTICAL WORK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contextual inhibitors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practical work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">procedural understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">substantive understanding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479496973.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This is an empirical qualitative interpretative multiple case study, which was guided by the question; what are the teacher’s perspectives of the types and nature of practical work? Document analysis and interviews were used for data collection. The results show firstly, that teachers held faulty perceptions of the nature of practical work. Secondly, the teachers’ individual definition of practical work contradicted their own perceptions of the nature of practical work. The faulty perceptions held by teachers influence outcome of the practical work to such an extent that some output only result through chance. Explanations and possibilities for the resultant perceptions are discussed. This paper recommends that science clubs and cluster group collaborations might aid methodological and contextual understandings and practices amongst teachers. Further research opportunities on ways and strategies of conducing practical work within contextual inhibitors are suggested. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">327–338 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glykeria Fragkiadaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF CLOUDS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-school education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pupils’ representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473431297.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Children construct representations of concepts and physical phenomena and these representations are critical to education. The natural phenomenon of clouds is perceivable and also observable by young children in everyday life. Moreover, it is a subject approached by the early childhood science education curriculums. However, in several studies it is noticed that the related children’s representations are often incompatible with the scientific model, mainly because of its character, which is macroscopic and not immediately observable. In this research, clouds representations framed by children aged 4.5-6 years old are studied. The sample consisted of sixteen (16) children (7 boys and 9 girls) from one public kindergarten in an urban area of Greece. Data were collected through expanded, open type conversations between children pairs and one of the researchers. The results of the qualitative analysis of the conversations show that these children use different types of representations, the majority dominated by the nature of the substance under study. The outcome of the research results indicates the potentials of preschool children to perceive clouds as autonomous natural entities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267–274</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilgün Tatar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' BELIEFS ABOUT THE IMAGE OF A SCIENCE TEACHER AND SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">belief about teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental image</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908068.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examines pre-service teachers’ beliefs about the images of a science teacher and the science teaching. Besides, how their beliefs are affected from inquiry-based teaching is investigated. Case study method was used. Pre-service teachers had learned science with inquiry and how they teach science with inquiry in the science laboratory. Data were collected through the drawings and semi-structured interviews. Results indicate that most participants had teacher-centered and conceptual belief about the images of a science teacher and the science teaching at the beginning of the study. However, they had student-centered belief at the end of the study. It was remarked that three pre-service teachers who held different beliefs about student/teacher roles and the teaching of science before the study, had some common beliefs after the inquiry-based science laboratory. Based on the results, it can be said that inquiry-based science teaching positively affects pre-service teachers’ beliefs about the images of a science teacher and the science teaching. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34-44</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gregor Torkar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' FEAR OF SNAKES, CONSERVATION ATTITUDES, AND LIKELIHOOD OF INCORPORATING ANIMALS INTO THE FUTURE SCIENCE CURRICULUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildlife management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497504.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studying attitudes toward fauna such as snakes is essential in wildlife management. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact that fear of snakes has on Slovenian pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards conservation and the likelihood of incorporating animals into developing the future science curriculum. The effect of direct experience on fear of snakes, conservation attitudes, and the likelihood of incorporating snakes into the future science curriculum were also studied. Altogether, 352 full-time and part-time students majoring in preschool education and primary school education were surveyed. The study confirmed that students’ fear of snakes negatively influenced their conservation attitudes and decreased the likelihood of incorporating snakes into the future science curriculum. Prior direct contact with snakes negatively correlated with fear of snakes, and positively with attitudes towards conservation and the likelihood of incorporating snakes into the future science curriculum. Prior direct contact with snakes also affected students’ word associations regarding snakes by reducing the frequency of some associations that emphasize the potential threat snakes pose to people.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">401-410</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huriye Deniş Çeliker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROSPECTIVE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING AND EXPLANATION OF ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS: DRAW-WRITE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concepts of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">descriptive survey design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drawing concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Science Teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/15.14.501</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding science concepts and being able to explain them is important for science teachers. The perception of students about the concepts of science is related to teachers who use these concepts. In this study, it was aimed to determine prospective science teachers’ (n=152) levels of conceptual understanding and ability to explain animal and plant cells by drawing and written explanations. In the study, descriptive survey design has been used. As for the outcome of the research, the conceptual understanding of prospective science teachers regarding plant and animal cells was not adequate. In addition, prospective science teachers’ level understanding and explanation the animal cells and plant cells was found out to be associated with each other. Prospective teachers’ writing and drawing scores are remarkably in favor of writing and significantly differ. The majority of prospective teachers had difficulty over drawing concepts. Recommendations are presented on the basis of these results.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">501–512</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aslan Efe, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATION BETWEEN SCIENCE STUDENT TEACHERS’ EDUCATIONAL USE OF WEB 2.0 TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science student teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Web 2.0 technologies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908504.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The rapid increase in the use of Web 2.0 technologies has led to changes in school curricula because they are a powerful tool for developing innovative ways of teaching and learning. These technologies have also changed how teacher education programmes prepare pre-service teachers. Thus, as a predictor, pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy is important for the development of their computer skills. A descriptive research design was employed. The data were collected using a Web 2.0 technologies educational usage scale and a computer-related self-efficacy perception scale. The sample of the study involved 146 (F: 70, M: 76) student teachers in a teacher education course at Ziya Gökalp Education Faculty of Dicle University during the 2011-2012 academic year. The data were analysed using means, t-tests, and one-way ANOVAs. The study revealed that student teachers used Facebook the most frequently to communicate, access class material, hold discussions and form academic groups. Student teachers with Internet access at home used Web2.0 technologies more frequently than those without Internet access at home. The frequent use of Web 2.0 by student teachers provides teachers with the possibility for more student-centred learning activities in the classroom.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">142-154</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hsiu-Chin Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li-Wei Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huey-Hong Hsieh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chia-Ming Chang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL, WORK STRESS, AND CREATIVE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical education teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychological capital</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">work stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479544015.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among physical education teachers’ psychological capital, work stress, and creative teaching at junior and senior high school levels. The questionnaire was distributed to 58 schools in Taiwan and research sample were junior and senior high school physical education teachers. 395 questionnaires were distributed, 369 questionnaires were valid for statistical analysis. Hierarchical regression was used to test the impact of teachers’ psychological capital on their work stress and creative teaching. The findings showed that while self-efficacy, hope, and optimism of psychological capital significantly influenced teachers’ creative teaching positively, personal interaction and professional knowledge of work stress express negative impacts. In addition, it was found that teachers with higher personal interaction stress and higher professional knowledge stress had lower creative teaching. The study suggests to increase physical education teachers’ psychological capital and enhance teachers’ creative teaching and students’ satisfaction.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">744–752</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">André Du Plessis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RETHINKING TRADITIONAL SCIENCE TEACHING THROUGH INFUSING ICT LEARNING EMBEDDED BY A ‘LEARNING-AS-DESIGN’ APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer laboratory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462907838.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The South African Department of Basic Education (DoBE) has been promoting constructivist learning principles, the development of higher order thinking, the implementation of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) (Department of Education, 2004; Du Plessis, 2014) and the development of critical outcomes such as problem solving, critical thinking, collaboration, self-management, finding and analysing information, developing effective communicating skills, assisting learners to use science and technology effectively as well as promoting effective learning strategies (Department of Education, 2004). The use of ICTs to promote teaching and learning has also been high on the agenda of the DoBE (2004; 2007). However, it appears that the use of ICT within South African schools is ‘bolted-on’ on to the curriculum as an added extra, resulting that integration with school subjects is minimal (Du Plessis, 2010). The above is probably prevalent outside the South African context too in many other schools all over the globe.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shyang-Chyuan Fang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tai-Yi Yu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A RISK PERCEPTION MODEL OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partial least square</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">personality trait</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497044.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study establishes a behavioral model for university students by utilizing the theories of planned behavior and value-belief-norm, and proposes key latent variables for risk perception toward climate change to establish a structural equation model. Partial least squares analyses and three indicators are utilized to test the reliability, validity, and goodness-of-fit of the model. This study establishes a mixed model with formative and reflective indicators, and assesses both environmental concern and personality traits as formative indicators. Using standardized path coefficients, eight out of 10 paths demonstrate statistical significance, indicating that environmental value and environmental attitudes influence environmental behavior. Three of the five included personality traits (e.g., agreeableness, extraversion, and openness) demonstrate a positive correlation with environmental behavior and environmental attributes. Individuals’ risk perception positively influences their environmental value, environmental attitudes, and environmental behavior with respect to climate change. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339-350</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canan Sola Özgüç</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atilla Cavkaytar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY: A CASE STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science for all</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students with special needs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479544410.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific literacy is a principle objective of education almost in every country. It is mostly underlined in science education.   Science education helps students become more productive individuals with the knowledge they acquire by promoting their thinking and learning skills and these skills help individuals to improve their scientific literacy. This research aims to determine the needs and problems in teaching science &amp; technology course in a special education middle school, attended by students with mild intellectual disability. This is a case study based on collecting and analyzing qualitative data. Semi-structured interviews, conducted with two teachers, 11 students, and their parents, researcher’s diary, in class artifacts, field notes, and video recordings were used to depict the situation in the science &amp; technology course mentioned above. The data were analyzed through content analysis via Nvivo 10. Research findings display that the school in which this research study took place must be enriched with high technological tools; special education teachers’ attitudes towards the necessity of the science &amp; technology course for students with special needs must be improved; and teachers must be provided with knowledge and skills of differentiation and adaptation techniques to provide science &amp; technology activities in order for the science &amp; technology course to be taught in a more inclusive manner.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">804–820</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virginia Brianzoni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liberato Cardellini</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION IN ITALY: CRITICAL AND DESIRABLE ASPECTS OF LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning Environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROFILES project</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479543322.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science teaching plays an important role in the contemporary society, but nowadays, many high school students are often not interested in school science. The purpose of the study was to enhance the quality of teaching and to encourage learners to study science, making student learning more effective and meaningful. The opinions of different stakeholders was taken into account. In Italy, almost 200 participants, counting both teachers and students, answered a questionnaire concerning the following aspects of teaching and learning: situations, contexts, motives; basic concepts and topics; scientific fields and perspectives; qualification; methodical aspects. The results obtained showed the priorities and main gaps in current science education. In particular, scientific literacy should be essentially based on three concepts: the development of communication skills, the improvement of intellectual skills and the development of personality. Unfortunately the study has also highlighted that the approaches judged more effective are not really common in the current educational panorama. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">685–696 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shu-Hsuan Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ai-Chiao Ku</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li-Chih Yu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsung-Chih Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bor-Chen Kuo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS COURSE WITH COMPUTER-ASSISTED REMEDIAL LEARNING SYSTEM SUPPORT FOR VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer-Assisted Remedial Learning System</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hands-on activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vocational High School</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479543039.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the significant and distinguishing curriculum characteristics of STEM compared to other subjects domains is hands-on skill development. Hands-on training enables the enhancement of learning because it parallels with the concrete-to-abstract nature of cognitive development, providing additional sources of brain activation via kinaesthetic involvement and elevating students’ motivation and engagement. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, and advance unprepared students’ hands-on skills, this research proposed and implemented an innovative STEM course with the computer-assisted remedial learning system (CARLS) in the vocational high school experience in Taiwan. The effects of STEM course were examined through an experiment with learning performances hypotheses. A total of 32 students in a vocational high school in Taiwan voluntarily participated in this research and a one-group pre-test and post-test pre-experimental design was adopted. The results of this experimental course demonstrated that CARLS is effective and contributed in enhancing students’ knowledge, achievement and hands-on skill performance in this STEM course. Suggestions and implications for STEM education is also made for practitioners and educators.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">641–654</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costin Pribeanu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexandru Balog</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violeta Šlekienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOCIAL CAPITAL ON FACEBOOK AS PERCEIVED BY LITHUANIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facebook</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multidimensional model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social capital</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908448.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The rapid expansion of social networking websites (SNW) is raising several issues regarding the influence it has on the modern school. As many authors mentioned, the proliferation of social networks among university people is changing the educational processes. In order to find out how Facebook could support education, a social learning perspective is needed. In turn, this requires to measure the social capital and to analyze its educational potential. The aim of this research is to elaborate a theoretically grounded and empirically validated multi-dimensional model, measuring the social capital that is embedded in the Facebook networks of Lithuanian university students. This is a pilot research carried out between September and December, 2014. In this respect, the research limitation reveals itself; therefore, a wider theoretical and empirical research is necessary, analyzing the usage of Facebook in the university student population. The research is significant, because it is prepared and validated a multidimensional model of the bridging social capital as perceived by university students that are using Facebook. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132-141</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo   Bussotti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE TEACHING OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY: SOME BRIEF CONSIDERATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Educational approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of astronomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">level of knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479542196.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I teach history of science at the University of Udine, Italy. My students – about 25 – frequently the second and the third year at the faculty of Letters and Philosophy (now called “Polo Umanistico”). They have to pass a sole proof in history of science. Therefore, in this editorial, I would like to face the problems connected with the teaching of history of science to students who have a scarce knowledge of mathematics and who in their future will have probably few contacts with science and its history. Thus, two problems are particularly difficult in this case: 1) to choose the subject properly; 2) to choose the appropriate educational approach. Obviously, the choice of the subject is always important, but if one teaches history of science in a scientific faculty, the situation is, in a sense, easier: for example, at the faculty of physics, one could select a specific course each year, i.e., history of mechanics in a certain period, history of electromagnetism in the 19th century, the theory of optics as it is developed by an author or a series of authors (Euclid, Witelo, Kepler, Snell, Descartes, and so on), etc. Each subject could be dealt with by facing the particular research of each scholar and entering the specific mathematical arguments. This is not possible in a humanities faculty. Thence, I would like to explain my choice and to trace some general considerations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">564–568 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ján Záhorec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alena Hašková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michal Munk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TERTIARY ECONOMY AND MANAGERIAL STUDY FIELDS AND ISSUES OF SCIENCE EDUCATION AIMED AT DATABASE SYSTEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer Literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curricula innovation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evaluation methodologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tertiary education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479498507.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Currently science education is understood not only as education in mathematics, physics and chemistry, but also as an education in informatics. To analyze the current state of informatics education within the tertiary economy and managerial study fields was the aim of the research, the purpose of which was to support curricula innovation in the relevant study programmes and to bring their content closer to the demands and needs of the labour market. An original feature of the research has been the fact that it has been based on students` points of view. The research sample consisted of students of the concerned study programmes in the Slovak and Czech Republic. The paper presents methodology of the carried out questionnaire survey and main findings related to the data recorded at items focused on database systems and technologies. The obtained data related to the respondents` opinions and the assessments of the selected learning topics taught within their study programmes and the importance of these topics for the respondents` professional career were processed according to the factors of the country, gender and field of the study. The results showed a significant dependence of the respondents` answers on their field of the study independently on their gender and the country in which they took their study.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">535–555</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayse Oguz Unver</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THINKING IN TERMS OF VARIABLES: THE CONCEPT OF THE SHADOW</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Science Teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shadow science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479496832.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the research was to explore the ideas prospective science teachers (N=51) had about the variables of object size, shape and light transmission that have an impact on shadow formation, using a scientific activity based on Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE). In this qualitative study, the measurement tool comprises 3 questions. The first question examines how the participants define the concept of shadow while the second question focuses on the variables of the size of the object, its shape, and its light transmission. The participants were asked to explain whether these variables would produce a shadow. The last question was devised in the atmosphere of an activities laboratory in which the absorption and reflection properties of light were explored. The NVi10 program was utilized for data analysis. At the end of the research, it was observed that the prospective teachers were not able to define the concept of the shadow in scientific terms and even if they knew the basic variables related to shadow formation, they could not exactly explain new situations when the variables were manipulated. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">295-310</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive neuroeducation model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multidisciplinarity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neuroscience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transdisciplinary model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479544205.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">At the end of 20th century and especially in this century the education field is undergoing a significant change not only as a result of technological innovations but also pedagogical innovations on the bases of artificial intelligence (AI), cognitive science and neuroscience. What interested us was the attitude of students and teachers towards these changes. In the research the participating students were arranged in two groups, the control group (CG), where conventional lessons were carried out and the experimental group (EG), in which teachers used a transdisciplinary cognitive neuroeducation model. The performance data for the both groups was acquired via questionnaire adopted from TIMSS research. The teachers’ attitude towards these changes was mostly monitored via qualitative research.
As is apparent from the results, a positive shift can be seen in the students’ attitude towards school. And this positive attitude towards school can create in students the suitable motivation, which is the first and most important step towards quality knowledge. A positive shift was also made in the minds of the teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">779–790</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Tekbiyik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE USE OF JIGSAW COLLABORATIVE LEARNING METHOD IN TEACHING SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUES: THE CASE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nuclear energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-scientific issues</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473431054.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examines the influence of Jigsaw, which is a collaborative learning (CL) method, on students’ views and decision-making processes concerning the use of nuclear energy. The research included 60 fourth-year undergraduate students attending the science teacher training program of a university in Turkey in the 2013–2014 academic year. In the research, firstly an attempt was made to provide students with scientific literacy on the subject through Jigsaw method. Then the groups formed for the Jigsaw method created argumentative texts in which they expressed their views. In the end, the students developed positive attitudes and supported the establishment of nuclear power plants in Turkey. They had negative views about the use of nuclear energy before teaching. Their views turned to positive after teaching to a great extent. It was seen that gaining enough knowledge to do logical reasoning through teaching was influential on their capability to reach positive decisions. Furthermore, it was revealed that decision-making processes are affected by variables such as scientific literacy, awareness, and suggestions for reducing risks. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">237–253</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Senar Temel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şenol Şen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayhan Yılmaz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY ANALYSES FOR CHEMISTRY SELF-CONCEPT INVENTORY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic enjoyment self-concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Academic self-concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry self-concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics self-concept</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479542432.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-concept, one of affective introductory behaviours, is one of the most frequently studied issues especially in social sciences. Since it is a strong mental structure which psychologists and social psychologists say to be related with learning, this research aims to adapt Chemistry Self-Concept Inventory developed by Bauer (2005) so as to evaluate students’ self-concept into Turkish, and analyse its psychometric properties. The data were collected by applying the inventory to 530 prospective teachers attending the chemistry education, primary school education and science education departments of three different Universities. Following the translation work, Turkish form of the inventory was given the final shape. The construct validity of the inventory was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. McDonald’s Omega (ω) and Cronbach Alpha (α) coefficients were calculated for the reliability study of the inventory. Fit indices were found to be lower in the first confirmatory factor analysis conducted than the ones expected, and 11 items with the fewest factor loads and with the highest modification indices were removed from the inventory. The sub-dimensions apart from creativity were found to have ω and α coefficients above 0.70. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">599–606 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHY SHOULD WE PUBLISH IN JOURNALS INDEXED IN WEB OF SCIENCE?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">editorial boards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">international journals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recognized databases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473430543.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I would like to thank the editor of the journal, who offered me to write an editorial. When I was thinking about the topic, which would be interesting for the readers of journals, I got more ideas. One of the topics, which is more and more discussed is the problem of publication. Where should the author send his manuscript? He/she should choose a shorter way or try to send his own manuscript to the journal with the demanding reviewing process. But, the author is the person who makes the final decision, our effort is to evoke only thinking about the importance of academic work.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">160-161</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasilia Christidou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anastasia Dimitriou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nikos Barkas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Papadopoulou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stergios Grammenos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“YOUNG NOISE RESEARCHERS”: AN INTERVENTION TO PROMOTE NOISE AWARENESS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pupils’ noise awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479542288.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">While little is known about how young children understand noise and its environmental aspects, this topic is suggested to be included in science curricula from early years on. To investigate if and to what extent preschool children’s level of noise awareness could be improved the ‘Young Noise Researchers’ educational scenario was designed, implemented and evaluated. Research design involved a pretest-posttest procedure. Participants were 52 Greek preschool children, who attended public kindergarten classes. The scenario involved 9 activities following the principles of context-based, socio-cognitive and multimodal teaching and learning, which were implemented by the teachers of the classes in a 4-week period. Prior to and after the intervention participants engaged in individual, semi-structured interviews. The results indicated improvement in children’s noise awareness in regard to acknowledging everyday noises, understanding annoyance and subjectivity of noise, adopting negative attitudes towards noise and acknowledging its health effects. Nevertheless, their noise awareness did not significantly improve in other crucial respects. Implications for teaching involve a more systematic focus on the distinction between sound and noise, noise subjectivity, the annoyance caused by noise in daily life and the possibility of more active and preventive protection measures.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">569–585 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melis Arzu Uyulgan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nalan Akkuzu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şenol Alpat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSING THE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING RELATED TO MOLECULAR GEOMETRY USING A TWO-TIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">molecular geometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">two-tier diagnostic test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982620.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this research, the comprehension levels and misconceptions of university students on the subject of molecular geometry were determined via a two-tier diagnostic test consisting of 25 items developed by researchers. It was applied on 110 university students. The reliability and validity tests and item analyses were conducted in relation to the test, and the difficulty and discrimination indices of the items were detected. The reliability coefficient of the test was found to be 0.856 while the mean difficulty value of the test was 0.487. According to the findings obtained from the second tier of the test containing open end questions, the students had a great deal of wrong information and numerous misconceptions in relation to the molecular geometry. Such statements as “atoms move in the resonance structure” and “bond angles of two molecules having a trigonal pyramidal shape cannot be different” are counted among the most important misconceptions determined in the study. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">839–855 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vassiliki Ntalakoura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHANGING PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S REPRESENTATIONS OF LIGHT: A SCRATCH BASED TEACHING APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">precursor model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool pupils’ representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scratch software</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437063071.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The research presented here studied preschool children’s representations of light. A teaching intervention was also carried out, with an aim to construct in children’s thinking a precursor model according to which light is recognized as an autonomous entity, which is independent of the light sources and the results it causes. The teaching intervention was conducted through the use of special software created in a scratch environment. The study, consisting of three phases (pre-test, teaching intervention and post-test), included 30 children aged 4-6 years. The results of the research showed that in the children’s initial mental representations light is identified mainly with light sources. After the teaching intervention, a large percentage of the children had constructed a precursor model which was compatible with the scientific one, based upon which children recognize light as an autonomous entity. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191-200</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maciej Stolarski</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jordi Mongay Batalla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Ledzińska</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COGNITIVE STYLES COULD BE IMPLICITLY ASSESSED IN THE INTERNET ENVIRONMENT: REFLECTION-IMPULSIVITY IS MANIFESTED IN INDIVIDUAL MANNER OF SEARCHING FOR INFORMATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive styles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning facilities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reflection-impulsivity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062608.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present research aimed to determine whether the cognitive style of reflection – impulsivity (R-I) diagnosed in a standard way also manifests itself in the Internet environment. A special task was designed that involved searching for particular information on the Internet. Science students took part in two studies (pilot study, n=11, and replication, n=37). Data analyses revealed that indicators of performance in the simple computer task allow the differentiation of respondents in terms of the R-I dimension. The time spent on reading the command and thinking of a strategy for obtaining the information revealed a high correlation with R-I. The amount of explained R-I variance reached 82%, indicating that the online searching task is a valid indicator of this cognitive style. The practical conclusion is that the Internet environment may be used in cognitive styles’ assessment which, in turn, may lead to creating interactive, cognitive style-friendly hypermedia learning facilities. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">133-145</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frackson Mumba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vivien Mweene Chabalengula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asiana Banda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARING MALE AND FEMALE PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS‘ UNDERSTANDING OF THE PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical transformation of matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching and learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982465.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study compared male and female pre-service science teachers’ understanding of the effect of phase changes and physical transformation of matter on the size of particles, spaces between particles, speed of particles, and number of particles. Data were collected using a questionnaire that has 36 items. Both gender groups had sound understanding of the effect of phase change on speed, spaces, and number of particles in a substance, and the effect of compression on speed, number, size and spaces between particles in solids and liquids. However, most female pre-service teachers had low understanding of the effect of phase change on the size of the particles in solids, liquids and gases as most of them incorrectly believed that heating increases the size of the particles and cooling decreases the size of particles. The results have implications for science teaching and learning and teacher education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">821–827 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hüseyin Eş</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPTS OF VEGETABLE AND FRUIT IN PRESCHOOL AND ELEMENTARY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elementary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-school education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981641.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to investigate the way the concepts of fruit and vegetable are presented in teaching materials, used in pre-school education and in the textbooks of life sciences and science and technology courses in elementary education, in addition to the students and teachers’ knowledge and opinions related to these concepts. Qualitative research techniques were used in this study. The sample of the study comprises the students receiving education in pre-school and elementary education and the teachers serving at these levels. 258 students and 83 teachers took part in this study. A survey, which was developed by the researcher, including two forms, was administered. Teaching materials in pre-school education and course books in elementary education were also used as data sources. When the research findings are considered, it stands out that these concepts have different definitions in different fields and thus, they have no common definitions. This situation seems to have been reflected in the teaching materials used both in pre-school and elementary education. Also, it is seen that there are important differences between teachers’ opinions about these concepts. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">709–725 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Achillefs Kapartzianis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeanne Kriek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPTUAL CHANGE ACTIVITIES ALLEVIATING MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ELECTRIC CIRCUITS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electric circuits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437678688.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study contributes to a growing literature that investigates vocational students’ conceptual understanding of electricity by proposing a multidimensional and pragmatic approach to conceptual change. Conceptual change model-based activities were designed in a six-stage conceptual change model and were incorporated into a four-week course. The effectiveness of these activities was measured in terms of changing these students’ misconceptions about simple electric circuits towards scientifically accepted ideas in terms of their revolutionary versus evolutionary nature and the extent of transfer of learning. Transformative mixed methods research design was used consisting mainly of a one-group pre-test post-test design with DIRECT Test 1.2 as a research instrument. Paired samples t-test analysis for 15 students’ test scores indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between students’ pre- and post-test scores. The results of the frequency analysis in both pre- and post-tests show a significant percentage drop in the number of students having the identified misconceptions. The majority of students during post pre-test interviews justified their answers incorrectly, but more than 80% answered correctly in the post post-test interview.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">298–315 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1632644276.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">763</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1640789903.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1640681966.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633274084.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2014, JBSE </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">443</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1632662839.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 13, No. 5, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">591</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1640621753.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">295</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Holbrook</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A CONTEXT-BASED APPROACH TO SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science in schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science lessons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062820.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It has been traditional to educate students in school, especially secondary schools, through subject domains and within lessons named according to the domain. Today in most countries, science lessons are offered in the curriculum, specified as science, or one of its sub-components e.g. biology, chemistry, physics, or perhaps a combination of these e.g. physical science. It does not have to be this way, of course, as can be amplified by the concept of an integrated day, implemented at the primary level in a number of countries. For students to develop a sustained attraction to science and to appreciate the many ways in which it is pertinent to their daily lives, NRC (2012) suggest that class¬room learning experiences in science need to connect with their own interests and experiences. Goodbye to the content-only approach. It is time for science education to embrace learning suitable for the modern world.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">152-154</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saed A. Sabah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merfat Fayez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saeed M. Alshamrani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nasser Mansour</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT (CPD) PROVISION FOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHERS IN SAUDI ARABIA: PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF CPD PROVIDERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuing professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saudi Arabia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and mathematics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062396.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examines the perspectives of science and mathematics Continuing Professional Development (CPD) providers regarding the nature and status of CPD provision in Saudi Arabia. It was carried out during a time when current government reforms in Saudi Arabia have placed the teaching and learning of math and science in the schools at the core of its agenda. To achieve the study results, an open-ended questionnaire was developed and used in the data collection process. Twenty science and mathematics CPD providers completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis. Three themes were elicited from the study analysis: CPD planning and delivery, assessing the impact of CPD, and views of effective CPD. The article concludes that the dominant model of CPD in Saudi Arabia is based on traditional notions that are focused on a single shot design (such as training courses and workshops). The study suggests increasing the scope of CPD efforts in Saudi Arabia to allow for other forms of CPD opportunities and that science and mathematics Saudi CPD providers require support and fine tune training in order to assure the success of the CPD efforts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91-104</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1640681903.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149-150</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1640789862.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2014</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1640621684.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discontinuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover, JBSE, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2014</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">293-294</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633274030.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">441-442</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1632662787.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 13, No. 5, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">589-590</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1632644226.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">761-762</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selda Bakır</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esra Öztekin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CREATIVE THINKING LEVELS OF PRESERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS IN TERMS OF DIFFERENT VARIABLES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept of creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preservice Science Teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437063246.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to determine the creative thinking levels of preservice science teachers in terms of different variables such as gender, year of study, the type of school they graduated from and their parents’ educational background. The study was carried out on 241 preservice science teachers. The data collection tools applied were the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Figural Form A), which was used to measure their creative thinking levels, and the Individual Information Form, which was developed by the researchers. The study revealed that the creative thinking levels of preservice science teachers do not differ significantly with respect to gender, year of study, the type of school they graduated from, or their parents’ educational background. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">231-242</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Fančovičova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miro Puhek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiri Skoda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Bahar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON FRESHMEN’S KNOWLEDGE OF GENETICS, EVOLUTION, AND THE NATURE OF SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-scientific explanations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062033.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to measure the freshmen’s level of knowledge about genetics, evolution, human evolution, the nature of science, and opinions on evolution and the presence of non-scientific explanations among Czech, Slovakian, Slovenian and Turkish students. Determination of prior knowledge and pre-conceptions about these issues is important because they are filters to learning other related concepts. The results are going to be a starting point for developing teaching strategies concerning Darwinian evolution and preparing prospective science teachers for working with students in national and international contexts. A total of 994 first-year university students from the Czech Republic (276; 27.8%), Slovakia (212, 21.3%), Slovenia (217, 27.3%) and Turkey (235, 23.6%) participated in this study. The findings can be summarized as follows: knowledge especially that of the nature of science at the freshmen level was seriously flawed. Non-scientific explanations were present in high percentages. Both were regarded as barriers towards scientific reasoning and acceptance of general human evolution especially for students expressing orthodox religious beliefs. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-18</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meng-Fei Cheng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jang-Long Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ying-Chi Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hsiao-Wen Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsung-Yu Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deng-Min Lin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING EXPLANATORY MODELS OF MAGNETIC PHENOMENA THROUGH MODEL-BASED INQUIRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">explanatory models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">magnetism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">undergraduate students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437679161.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main purpose of this study was to bridge the gap between how scientists practice and how students learn science. To achieve this, an innovative student-centered curriculum was designed to teach 42 undergraduate students. The program involved scaffolding activities, an interactive computer simulation, and reflection on scientific modeling criteria to address the students’ difficulties in reasoning at the microscopic level and the scientific evaluation of their models during their development of an explanatory model of magnetism. To address the students’ difficulties in reasoning at the microscopic level and the scientific evaluation of their models during their development of an explanatory model of magnetism, the program involved scaffolding activities, an interactive computer simulation, and reflection on scientific modeling criteria. The results of the study indicated that more than half the students developed scientific and coherent microscopic N-S dipole models to explain observed magnetic phenomena, and students’ understanding of the nature of models was significantly enhanced after the instruction. This study contributes to modeling theory and the methods that can help students self-develop scientific models of magnetism as opposed to rote learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">351–360 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayşem Seda Önen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Merve Ulusoy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING THE CONTEXT-BASED CHEMISTRY MOTIVATION SCALE: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982393.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to explain chemistry subjects by linking them to everyday life and accordingly, to improve the quality of education, context-based learning has come into use widely in chemistry teaching recently. The aim of this study is to develop a scale to determine secondary school students’ motivations towards chemistry activities supported with context-based learning. Validity and reliability analysis of the scale were done with the participation of 525 high school students. To determine the structural validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis was done. The factor analysis concluded that the scale had a three-factor structure with 20 items. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was calculated to be 0.91. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients of sub dimensions were found to be 0,84; 0,80 and 0.81 respectively. In the light of the findings of this study, the scale developed is concluded to be of use in determining high school students’ motivations towards context-based chemistry. 
  
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">809–820 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dragica Pešaković</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A COMPETENCE-BASED TEACHING PROCESS FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">generic competences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methods of teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981788.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The quality of education is increasingly being measured less by the knowledge gained during schooling and more by the level of competence possessed by students at doing a particular job after completing their education. Target and process-planned curricula are being replaced more and more by competence-oriented curricula, especially in science and technology education, where competences, generally defined as the capability or the ability of an individual doing a job properly, are placed at the forefront. If competence is the desired criterion for educational quality, it can be easily established that suitable instruments and methods of measurement are needed for this kind of quality evaluation, which, however, are not yet available. Suitable instrumentation was developed in this study. Its use was demonstrated in the example of elementary education in Slovenia. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">740–755 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namudar İzzet Kurbanoğlu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN INSTRUMENT MEASURING ANXIETY TOWARD BIOLOGY LABORATORY CLASSES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology laboratory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519497189.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University students’ achievements in biology laboratory do not depend only on cognitive variables, but also on non-cognitive variables such as anxiety levels. The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool assessing the anxiety levels of university students in a biology laboratory class. In this study, the Biology Laboratory Anxiety Scale (B-LAS) consisting of 15 items was developed, and analysed its validity and reliability. All items are positively worded to indicate increased anxiety. The sample consisted of 685 science teacher candidates (450 female and 235 male) who take Biology and/or Biology laboratory classes at three different Faculties of Education. The validity of the scale was first assessed by expert review. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess structural validity, and revealed a one-dimensional structure. The loading values of all 15 items varied between 0.61 and 0.80, and explained 53% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency was calculated as 0.93 and the split-half test correlation was 0.85. According to these results B-LAS can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">802–808 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elif Atabek-Yiğit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nesibe Köklükaya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melike Yavuz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eda Demirhan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY SCALE FOR ADULTS (ELSA)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adults</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437679561.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, the development and validation of the Environmental Literacy Scale for Adults (ELSA) is explained. The data were collected from 332 adults whose ages ranged from 18 to over 56. The principal component analysis rotated to varimax rotation was used to obtain evidence for the validity of the scale. The scale was composed of 20 items and had three main dimensions: “environmental consciousness”, “environmental anxiety” and “environmental awareness”. A reliability analysis of the instrument revealed Cronbach-Alpha coefficients of 0.881 for the whole of the scale, 0.807 for the first dimension, 0.765 for the second dimension and 0.715 for the last dimension. Considering the results obtained from the validity and reliability studies, it can be asserted that ELSA can be used to determine adults’ views and levels of environmental literacy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">425–435 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young-Shin Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngmin Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongseok Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin-Su Jeong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KOREAN TEACHING OBSERVATION PROTOCOL (KTOP) FOR IMPROVING SCIENCE TEACHING AND LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analysis of science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">improving science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observational instrument</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437063408.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An observational instrument called the KTOP (Korean Teaching Observation Protocol) was developed to analyze science teaching and to identify the components of teaching that need improvement. To diminish the gap between theory and practice in science teaching, the method for developing the KTOP was structured as consisting of three steps: the first version of the KTOP was developed through direct observation of science classes at the first step, revised through literature review with consideration of the Korean national curriculum and comparison with other observational instruments in the second step, and finalized after application to actual teaching context. As a result, the KTOP was determined to consist of 30 items of 10 sub-categories in 4 main categories. The content was validated through 48 teachers’ responses to the questions asking if each indicator of the KTOP is worthwhile to be considered in their teaching. Reliability was obtained by agreement (72~90%) and correlation (r=0.90) among observers’ KTOP scores. Finally, the cases of applying the KTOP to improve science classes and to develop teachers’ expertise through an in-service program were described.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">259-275</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selda Bakır</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF MICROTEACHING ON THE TEACHING SKILLS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed research design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982278.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study was carried out on 97 participants using a mixed research design, in order to determine the effect of microteaching on the teaching skills of pre-service science teachers and to ascertain the opinions of pre-service teachers about the positive and negative effects of microteaching. Analysis of the data revealed that microteaching has a significant effect on teaching skills, and this effect can be seen under the areas of carrying out an introduction lesson, classroom management, time management and planning, effective communication and concluding the lesson, as well as issues which can be described as being related to self-confidence. In the qualitative section of the study, analysis of the data obtained from written responses and individual interviews with pre-service teachers about the positive and the negative effects of microteaching support the quantitative findings. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">789–801 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Fančovičová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF 3D PLASTIC MODELS OF ANIMALS AND CADAVERIC DISSECTION ON STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF ANIMALS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cadaveric dissection</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982163.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The decrease in the method of cadaveric dissection and its replacement with alternative methods has led to discussions about the significance of dissection in biology/anatomy lessons. Certain authors argue that the decline in anatomy knowledge in students is at least partially caused by these factors. An investigation was carried out on the effectiveness of teacher’s demonstrations of cadaveric dissection as opposed to a 3D plastic model on pre-service biology teachers’ ideas concerning what is inside animals. Students were pre-tested on their ideas as to what is inside animals and randomly divided into four treatments (Dissection + Model, Dissection, Model, Model + Dissection). After the treatment, the post-test scores revealed that treatments where both methods were combined resulted in the highest achievement scores, particularly in the case of anatomy of fish. It has been concluded that the combination of cadaver dissection with modern innovative methods is more effective for obtaining anatomy knowledge than the use of only one method. The use of alternative methods should not be in conflict with traditional methods. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">767–775 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nermin Bulunuz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mızrap Bulunuz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanife Peker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT PROBES INTEGRATED IN EXTRA-CURRICULAR HANDS-ON SCIENCE: MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS' UNDERSTANDING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hands-on science instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">real-world context</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science concepts</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437063296.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study had three main purposes, to (a) determine students’ understanding of basic physics concepts, (b) analyze the science concepts and their connection to real-life context in science curricula and teaching materials, (c) evaluate effect of formative assessment probes on students’ understanding of selected key concepts. Subjects were 197, 8th grade students who had studied five basic physics concepts. To evaluate students’ understanding, a questionnaire consisting of formative assessment probes was administered with 4 multiple choice and 4 open-ended questions. Findings indicated that students had poor conceptual understanding of the concepts. Science curriculum, analyzed in terms of application to real-world contexts, indicated that textbooks included few practical explanations. In an intervention, one public school received formative assessment probes integrated with extra-curricular hands-on science instruction. Pre-post data showed significant increases in students’ understanding of basic physics concepts. Finding that these students significantly out-performed other groups implies: (a) the need to include students’ prior learning in instruction </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243-258</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat  Demirbaş</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF MEANINGFUL LEARNING ON CONCEPTUAL PERCEPTIONS RELATED TO “FORCE AND MOTION”: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">force and motion concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meaningful learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437679406.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main purpose of science education is to enable students to connect concepts with daily life and establish relations between the concepts. Thus, many implementations related to constructivism have been carried out. The aim of the study is to explore how students’ conceptual perceptions related to “Force and Motion” subject changed with meaningful learning. Pre-test -post test single group design, one of the experimental research designs, were used in the research. In order to interpret the students’ results in meaningful learning process, Conceptual Perception Test related to Force and Motion subject (CPTFM) was developed and the test was composed of five open-ended questions. The content of the items in the test was developed in such a way to include “Action-Reaction Law”, “Gravity”, and “Pairs of Balanced Forces.” The points obtained from the evaluation instrument were evaluated according to the levels created by the researcher. 35 students in their third year of study in the Department of Science Teaching participated in the study. The results of the study revealed that meaningful learning activities made positive contributions to pre-service teachers’ conceptual perceptions related to force and motion concepts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">394–410 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orhan Ercan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING MATERIAL ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE COURSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">healthy nutrition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519324524.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study implemented multimedia learning material developed for the 5th grade science course topic &quot;Food and Healthy Nutrition&quot; and examined its effect on students' academic achievement and science attitudes. The study used a control group, a pre-test-post-test quasi experimental research design, and a convenience sample consisting of 62 5th grade students. The research instruments were an achievement test and a science attitude scale. During the implementation process the experiment group learned using multimedia learning material and the control group learned with traditional methods. Data were analyzed using an independent-samples t test, a paired-samples t-test, and ANCOVA statistics. According to the findings there is a statically significant difference between post-test achievement scores of the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group scoring higher. Also there is a statically significant difference between students' post-test scores in terms of gender, favoring females over males. In terms of science attitude there is also a significant difference between post-test scores of the experimental and control groups. In conclusion it may be said that multimedia learning promotes more effective learning in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">608–621 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sedat Uçar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF SIMULATION-BASED AND MODEL-BASED EDUCATION ON THE TRANSFER OF TEACHING WITH REGARD TO MOON PHASES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">earth phases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moon phases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437678890.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Several researchers have investigated the knowledge of the causes of moon phases and how to promote the scientific understanding of these phases. However, these scholars did not determine whether this learning was transferred to the following education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of two different types of education on the transfer of learning with regard to astronomy content. No significant change in the understanding of the moon’s phases was observed between the groups, but a significant change in the transfer scores of the groups was observed. This result could indicate that the education increased the participants’ understanding of moon phases and that the participants in the simulation group were able to more adequately transfer their knowledge. The alternative conceptions of the causes of the moon phases were transferred to the context of the earth’s phases. In other words, alternative conceptions are transferred to new learning situations. Therefore, the alternative conceptions that the participants hold should be carefully observed when new learning is transferred.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">327–338 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1640682053.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 13, No. 2, JBSE, 2014</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">289-292</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1640621814.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">436-440</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1640789948.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146-148</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633274138.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">583-588</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1632662894.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 13, No. 5, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">756-760</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1632644330.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2014, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">896-900</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pey-Yan Liou</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATING MEASUREMENT PROPERTIES OF ATTITUDINAL ITEMS RELATED TO LEARNING SCIENCE IN TAIWAN FROM TIMSS 2007</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudinal items</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education research community</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982674.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the recent empirical studies utilizing existing items and derived variables of international large-scale assessment (ILSA) data, the three major methodological deficiencies, including the use of a single item to define a construct, the statistical properties of ordinal data, and the fitness of the measurement structure for different scenarios, are examined. To overcome these issues, this study proposes an integrated approach to evaluating items and constructing derived variables in a given situation. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and the item response model are utilized to evaluate student attitudinal items and derived variables from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007 Taiwanese data. The results suggest that the three-factor model composed of 12 items is optimal for the data, not the default factor structure in the database. The implications of evaluating items and creating derived variables from ILSA data for the education research community are also discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">856–869 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Derya Çobanoğlu Aktan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emrah Oğuzhan Dinçer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINATION OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING LEVELS OF KEPLER’S LAWS WITH RANKING TASK QUESTIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepler’s laws</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">understanding levels</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437063463.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to investigate pre-service science teachers’ understanding levels of Kepler’s second and third laws. The participants of the study were 38 pre-service science teachers who attended introductory astronomy class in their teacher education program. The participants’ understandings of Kepler’s laws were examined by their answers to ranking tasks, which required participants to rank the situations given in the question, and then to explain the reasons behind their answers. The findings showed that the participants’ understanding levels ranged from partial understanding with alternative conceptions to sound understanding. Moreover the number of the participants with partial understanding with alternative conceptions exceeded the participants with sound understanding. The participants’ explanations to ranking tasks also indicated that although participants knew the classic statements of Kepler’s laws, they had also alternative conceptions. Five different alternative conceptions were identified from the participants’ explanations. Two of them have not been reported in previous studies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">276-288</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eralp Bahcivan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TURKISH PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ CONCEPTIONS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING, SCIENTIFIC EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS AND SCIENCE TEACHING EFFICACY BELIEFS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptions of learning and teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching efficacy beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural Equation Modeling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982726.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study was conducted to examine the relationships among pre-service science teachers’ (PSTs’) teaching and learning conceptions, scientific epistemological beliefs and science teaching efficacy beliefs. 310 Turkish PSTs from different regions of the country participated in the study. Three different instruments were validated by confirmatory factor analyses. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that participants’ constructivist conceptions of teaching and learning promoted sophisticated science related epistemologies. Sophisticated epistemologies, to some extent, also contributed participants’ science teaching efficacy beliefs. Certain assumptions were not supported by the results which pointed out that curricular reform in teacher education system met expectations partly. Implications were presented considering the results.  
  
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">870–882 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ya-Ling Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Lin Tsai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng-Wu Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE EXPERIENCES OF CAREER GUIDANCE, VOCATIONAL SELF-CONCEPT, AND SELF-PERCEIVED EMPLOYABILITY AMONG SCIENCE EDUCATION MAJORS IN TAIWAN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career guidance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education majors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-perceived employability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062994.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to investigate the science education majors’ experiences of career guidance, vocational self-concept, and self-perceived employability, as well as the relationships among these variables in the Taiwanese context based on the developmental-contextual model of career development. Data were collected from a questionnaire survey of 614 science education majors in the selected Taiwanese universities. It was found that the science education majors’ experiences of career guidance directly and indirectly influenced their self-perceived employability vis-à-vis the effect on their vocational self-concept. The findings suggest that the science education departments of universities in Taiwan may provide sufficient and appropriate career guidance and vocational information for science education majors to promote their vocational self-concept and employability.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">182-190</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Sasmaz Oren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ummuhan Ormanci</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ IDEAS ABOUT THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM BY USING THE DRAWING METHOD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digestive system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drawing method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology pre-service teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437678830.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, it is aimed to identify science and technology pre-service teachers’ ideas about the digestive system by using the drawing method. The study was conducted with 95 third and fourth grade pre-service teachers studying at science and technology teacher education department. In the study, a drawing test and The Draw -A-Digestive System Test Rubric (DADST-R), which is developed by the researchers for the analysis of drawings, were used. The scores that science and technology pre-service teachers get from DADST-R are examined in terms of sub-dimensions and the dimension they are best at is found to be digestive system organs while the dimension they are having the most trouble with is establishing connections among digestive system organs. Based on these results, some suggestions were given with regards to the role of the digestive system in the education system.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">316–326 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruey-Shyy Shieh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wheijen Chang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOSTERING STUDENT’S CREATIVE AND PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS THROUGH A HANDS-ON ACTIVITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">boat creation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem solving skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981387.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to investigate how a group of junior-high school pupils created a functional boat from scratch and resolved the problems encountered in a scientific project. The study was conducted using a qualitatively exploratory method. Data sources consist of artefacts, interviews, observations, and self-reflection reports. The study results reveal that the hands-on, trial-and-error experiential learning not only helped the pupils enhance their creative skills and problem-solving abilities, but also helped them realize the value of collaboration. Nevertheless, although they were able to make various shapes of boats using different materials, only half of the boats created were able to successfully complete the established course. It discloses that turning a model work into a functional piece demands a certain extent of scientific knowledge and skills associated with the tasks, in addition to creative skills. The students’ anticipation of the teacher’s scaffolding to achieve the project goal was found to vary greatly among teams, indicating a dilemma of the teachers’ role in an open-form scientific project. How the created products were ranked in the project also raises concerns regarding setting up criteria to assess scientific artefacts. Suggestions for enhancing future implementations are provided. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">650–661 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ján Záhorec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alena Hašková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACT OF MULTIMEDIA ASSISTED TEACHING ON STUDENT ATTITUDES TO SCIENCE SUBJECTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">change of the attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimedia assisted teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">negative attitudes to school subjects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437679232.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During the last decades, multimedia assisted teaching has expanded to all types and levels of schools. The authors dealt with a question whether there is a possibility through the application of multimedia teaching materials in the natural science school subjects to eliminate students' negative attitudes to these subjects. To answer this question, a research was carried out in which the attention was paid to possibilities to eliminate students` negative attitudes to physics as the most unpopular school subject. The authors show how various aspects of students` opinion on physics can be changed due to the use of animations and interactive simulations of the physical phenomena in the teaching process. For the pedagogical intervention two kinds of multimedia teaching materials were used. The difference between them was in the level of their interactivity. Within the research students` attitudes to physics through the given explored aspects were assessed twice, once before the multimedia teaching material pedagogical intervention and the second time after it. As the research results show, although it is possible to certain rate to eliminate students` negative attitudes to physics, this possible elimination depends also on the level of the intractivity of the used multimedia teaching materials.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">361–380 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena Radovanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Josip Sliško</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTRODUCING SELF-REGULATED LEARNING INTO EARLY PHYSICS TEACHING IN SERBIA: DESIGN, INITIAL IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF A MULTI-STAGE SEQUENCE OF HOMEWORK AND CLASSWORK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">graph reading in school physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">home physics experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based homework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">textbook error detection</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437679495.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied research, carried out to examine the possibility of improving students’ understanding of heat phenomena through multi-stage homework and teacher-supported classwork assignments, is described. These assignments, designed within the theoretical framework of self-regulated learning, enable students to overcome errors and doubts from the individual problem solving stage by peer interaction and teacher feedback and to reflect on individual and group learning experiences. They also promote the development of students’ self-efficacy, critical consideration of information and error detection, making individual and group learning processes more visible to students and teacher. This applied research was conducted in an intact grade VII primary school physics class in Serbia. Analysis shows significant progress in students’ understanding of the anomalous behavior of water and their ability to interpret a non-linear graph. The level of self-reflection outcomes depends mostly on the quality of teacher-supported group classwork. It is noted that students should improve expressive and critical thinking abilities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">411–424 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benedict Tlala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Israel Kibirige</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joseph Osodo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INVESTIGATING GRADE 10 LEARNERS’ ACHIEVEMENTS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS USING CONCEPTUAL CHANGE MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062876.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Challenges in the learning photosynthesis topic may arise from misconceptions. This study investigated Grade 10 learners’ achievements in photosynthesis using the Conceptual Change Model (CCM) to minimize misconceptions and to develop understanding of photosynthesis in rural high schools in South Africa. A quasi-experimental design was used with a sample of 78 Grade 10 learners: 39 Experimental Group (EG) and 39, Control Group (CG). Achievement test, learning materials and a questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Pearson correlation. Results from post-tests show that EG taught using the CCM exhibited higher achievements than the CG taught using traditional approach. ANCOVA show that there were significant differences in performance between pre- and post-test of the EG. Performance and attitudes correlation was (r = 0.89) for EG and (r = 0.33) for CG, suggesting that CCM positively influenced learners’ attitudes towards Life Sciences. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155-164</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zehra Ozdilek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNERS’ VIEWS ABOUT USING CASE STUDY TEACHING METHOD IN AN UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981584.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study presents pre-service science teachers’ views about implementing a case study and which skills they improved as a result of using the method. Sixteen participants in a chemistry class were the subjects in the 2013 summer school term. In the teaching about the properties of chromium, students watched selected parts of the movie Erin Brockovich in four sections. Each part of the movie was followed with a question, and students were then given about 15-20 minutes to find out the answer to the question by using Internet-based resources in the classroom environment. Qualitative data were collected by having participants respond in writing to open-ended questions and through semi-structured interviews. Overall, students’ reactions to the method were positive. The results showed that students found it to be an effective instructional method, despite having some difficulties with the expectations of the method and this method has provided many benefits for pre-service teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">695–708 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">María Elena Truyol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicente Sanjosé</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zulma Gangoso</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBSTACLES MODELLING REALITY: TWO EXPLORATORY STUDIES ON PHYSICS DEFINED AND UNDEFINED PROBLEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modelling skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem statements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university level</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982799.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One important skill to be developed in future physicists is modelling reality using physics. Problem-solving is the activity most used to teach, learn and assess physics skills at the university level. However, most of the problems habitually used in physics subjects seem not to encourage developing this skill. Two empirical exploratory studies were conducted. Educational materials were analysed to contrast the hypothesis asserting that most of the academic problems would not help students to develop the modelling skills. Secondly, with the proposed ‘Physics Problem Understanding Model’, two kinds of experimental problems were elaborated. A small group of experts solved the experimental problems in an interview. The hypothesis stated that there would be evident differences between skills associated with the solving procedures of each type of experimental problem. Results served to contrast the cognitive model proposed for sufficiency and supported the hypotheses even though further studies are needed to obtain external validity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">883–895 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryszard M. Janiuk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OWNERSHIP AMONG SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational reforms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sense of ownership</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437061913.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education is continuously changing in terms of goals, curricula and teaching methods. Such changes stem from major educational reforms and the development of new theoretical concepts related to science teaching. It has been long emphasised that the implementation of these changes in schools depends on the teachers, who need to identify with and support the innovations which are to be introduced, and to feel that change is necessary. An active involvement of teachers in the process of designing, developing and implementing innovation is one of the indicators of a sense of &quot;ownership&quot;, which in this case can be understood as identifying with the innovation, feeling as if one is its owner. This psychological state can be achieved thanks to teachers’ investment in the innovation, and has the potential to reduce resistance and create a better climate for change. Ownership can have a considerable impact on teachers' involvement in further changes, if they notice that innovation has a positive influence on the effects of their work. Ownership also has a beneficial impact on their working environment, motivating other teachers to implement the desired change and thus helping spread the change throughout the teacher community. That is why teachers' ownership is often discussed together with sensemaking and agency, which influence teachers' attitude towards innovation. The issue of developing a sense of ownership is not limited to teachers, as in today's world many professions require constant adjustment to change, and personal involvement in introducing innovation is often necessary for being efficient and successful at work. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tolga   Gok</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEER INSTRUCTION IN THE PHYSICS CLASSROOM: EFFECTS ON GENDER DIFFERENCE PERFORMANCE, CONCEPTUAL LEARNING, AND PROBLEM SOLVING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982219.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of peer instruction (PI) on performance, gender gap, conceptual learning and problem solving in physics. The students enrolled in two sections of a physics course were selected; one section was treatment group (TG) and the other section was control group (CG). 42 students in TG were instructed with PI whereas 56 students in CG were instructed with conventional instruction. Data were collected using Force Concept Inventory, final examination problems, and students’ opinions about the instruction. The results indicated that PI had more positive effect on students’ conceptual learning and problem solving than conventional instruction. The conceptual learning with PI did not show any statistically significant difference between female and male students in TG. However, the quantitative problem solving performance after PI revealed that male students performed better than female students. The female and male students’ conceptual learning and problem solving performance did not change noticeably in CG. The students in TG also changed their perspective on solving a problem and understanding a concept. They found the method helpful to connect the quantitative solution with related concepts. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">776–788 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesper Haglund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredrik Jeppsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johanna Andersson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN’S IDEAS OF MIXING AND OF HEAT AS EXPRESSED IN A CLASSROOM SETTING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children’s ideas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom setting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981715.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study investigates primary school children’s (7-8 year-old, N = 25) ideas of mixing of marbles and of heat, expressed in small-group predict-observe-explain exercises, and drawings representing the children’s own analogies in a classroom setting. The children were typically found to predict that marbles of two different colours would mix when rocked back and forth on a board. This idea of mixing is slightly more advanced than previously reported in the literature. The children’s ideas of heat included reference to warm objects, their own bodies when exercising, and the process of one warm solid object heating another object in direct contact. In addition, through scaffolding, some of the children expressed a substance view of heat. Finally, the potential and challenges in probing children’s ideas through a combination of data collection techniques in a classroom setting are reflected upon.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">726–739 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serap Kaya Şengören</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROSPECTIVE PHYSICS TEACHERS’ USE OF MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS FOR SOLVING THE IMAGE FORMATION PROBLEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative ideas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">image formation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple representations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062236.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this research is to determine the role of multiple representations such as problem picture, ray diagram, and equation used by the students in solution of the image projection problems. The study is performed by the survey method. The participants of this study were prospective physics teachers of a faculty of education from a state university in Turkey. Fifty-three teacher candidates solved open-ended questions and 20 of them were also interviewed. The results have shown that the students used two different types of solution method; in solution 1, they used the solution method where “problem pictures, mirror/lens equations and ray diagrams” are used, and in solution 2, they used the solution method where “problem pictures and mirror/lens equations” are used. The results show that students mostly prefer the second solution method, however, the students who prefer the first solution method are more successful than them. Also, it is found that the students have various alternative ideas about the usage of these multiple representations. The reasons of these alternative ideas are discussed at the end of the study. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59-74</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selami Yangin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabri Sidekli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yasin Gokbulut</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS AND CHANGES IN THEIR MISCONCEPTIONS DURING PRE-SERVICE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classification of plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062464.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study reported herein aimed to reveal prospective teachers’ misconceptions about classification of plants and the effect of pre-service education program on their correct conceptions of this biological issue. Prospective teachers majoring in Elementary School Classroom Teacher Education constituted the target population of this study during the fall semester of the 2012-2013 academic years from Turkey. In order to reveal the difference between the misconceptions of prospective teachers who are at the beginning and at the end of their university education, the research was conducted as a cross-sectional study (78 first and 84 fourth class). The results showed that the prospective teachers in both groups have misconceptions and considerable confusion over the concepts of without-seed plants, seedy plants, vascular plants, non-vascular plants, gymnosperm plants, angiosperm plants, fruit and vegetable. In addition, the pre-service education did not seem to have an important effect on correction of prospective teachers’ misconceptions about classification of plants. In this context, prospective teachers are graduated with misconceptions about classification of plants. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105-117</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konrad Schönborn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesper Haglund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charles Xie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUPILS’ EARLY EXPLORATIONS OF THERMOIMAGING TO INTERPRET HEAT AND TEMPERATURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multisensory experience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predict-observe-explain (POE)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermal imaging</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062546.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In thermodynamics teaching, pupils have been found to confuse temperature and heat, and to conceive touch as an infallible thermometer. This study explored the potential of combining the sense of touch with infrared (IR) thermal imaging on pupils’ understanding of heat and temperature. Eight 7th-grade pupils (12-13 years old) worked in pairs across three laboratory exercises (real-time IR imaging, static IR images, or thermometers) to predict, observe and explain (POE) the temperatures of different objects. An anomaly between perceived ‘coldness’ and measured temperature was induced among the pupils, but they did not manage to resolve this cognitive conflict. The pupils observed the objects getting warmer and increasing in temperature, but did not explain the experiments as involving a heat flow from their bodies to the objects. Successful explanation might require a combination of thermal imaging and the explicit introduction of a simple heat-flow model.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118-132</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Şahin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ PHYSICS ANXIETY AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics anxiety rating scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science anxiety</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437063120.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pre-service teachers’ physics anxiety and gender, grade point average (GPA), major of study, and high school type they graduated. The sample consisted of 849 pre-service teachers of different majors. Data were collected, using the Physics Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS) at the beginning of the semester. Post-semester data were obtained from 175 pre-service teachers who were included in the pre-semester data. Results revealed gender difference in physics anxiety. Females scored higher on the PARS and its factors than males. It was found that students with medium GPA scored lower on the whole anxiety scale than students with low and high GPA. Pre-service primary teachers scored higher on the PARS than all other majors. High school type had an effect on physics anxiety, vocational high school graduates being the highest physics anxious of all. One semester of traditional physics instruction did not seem to have a significant influence on students’ physics anxiety. Implications of the results were discussed for instructional purposes and future studies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-215</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aysun Oztuna Kaplan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESEARCH ON THE PSEUDO-SCIENTIFIC BELIEFS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS: A SAMPLE FROM ASTRONOMY-ASTROLOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">astrology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">astronomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pseudo-science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437679352.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to determine perceptions embraced by preservice science teachers on astrology, which is defined as a pseudo-science. It also aimed to reflect their abilities to distinguish between science and pseudo-science through the examples of astronomy – astrology. Twenty-nine grade 4 preservice teachers studying Science Education participated in the study. Among the qualitative research patterns, the phenomenological approach was used for the study. Data were collected through an open-ended question form, group discussion records, and research assignments, while individual interviews were conducted where necessary. Open coding was used for the evaluation of the data, and the validity of the study was obtained through verifications of preservice teachers on themes and theories during the interviews. The findings of the study showed that a vast majority of preservice teachers perceived astrology as a field of science or a subfield of astronomy. Quite a few preservice teachers expressed that astrology was a nonscientific field and that knowledge obtained through astrology could not be considered as scientific knowledge.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">381–393 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wen-Wei Chiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feng-Hsien Tu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chia-Ju Liu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE SCRIPTS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF CAMPUS TOURS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive script</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">field trip</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">informal education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tour guide</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062143.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of off-campus educational activity guides are to expand the knowledge of participants; however, visitors often rate tours according to the quality of their experience, rather than by what they have learned. Thus, ensuring that visitors are engaged requires that tour guides be able to identify the needs and expectations of visitors. This study sought to contextualize campus tours using four dramaturgical elements: “Actors” (tour guides), &quot;audience” (visitors); “setting” (campus); “performance” (the tour). Dramaturgy and cognitive scripts were combined to form the research basis of this study. Free association models were employed to rank the sites subjects most wish to visit and service blueprints were used to illustrate how campus tour services should be organized and delivered. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the processes used to decipher complex service encounters as well as concrete examples of their application.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32-45</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mario Mäeots</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margus Pedaste</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ROLE OF GENERAL INQUIRY KNOWLEDGE IN ENHANCING STUDENTS’ TRANSFORMATIVE INQUIRY PROCESSES IN A WEB-BASED LEARNING ENVIRONMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer-supported inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general inquiry knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transformative and regulative inquiry processes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062082.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inquiry has been regarded internationally as an effective learning approach for science learning; however, it is still not actively used in many schools. The current study argues that one of the reasons is incompleteness of the model for inquiry. This study seeks to open inquiry from a new angle by bringing in general inquiry knowledge, which could be regarded as an important limitation in enhancing inquiry. Next, it is empirically tested if general inquiry knowledge is related to the level of students’ transformative inquiry skills. General inquiry knowledge pertains to the nature of a coherent inquiry process as a whole, comprehending knowledge about transformative and regulative inquiry processes. In this study, students’ general inquiry knowledge and transformative inquiry skills were evaluated in a web-based learning environment Young Researcher. The analysis of the results demonstrated that the learning environment was suitable for improving students’ general inquiry knowledge, and these are related with the level of transformative inquiry skills.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-31</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cemal Tosun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY FOR IDENTIFYING THE LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION AND AWARENESS OF CHEMICAL HAZARD SYMBOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">confirmatory factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hazard symbols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reliability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062933.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to identify the levels of knowledge, perception and awareness of chemical hazard symbols of participants from a variety of backgrounds and ranging in age from 12 years to 40 and over. Experts were consulted for the contextual and the language validity of each item on the scale. In line with the opinions of the experts, the scale, consisting of a total of 25 items distributed under four sections, was applied to 462 participants of all age groups, so as to calculate the discrimination and difficulty indexes. In order to decide whether the third section of the scale is one-dimensional or two-dimensional, data obtained from the 13 multiple-choice questions constituting this section were examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Afterwards the items constituting the second and the third sections of the scale were tested in terms of their reliability. Finally, a useful scale of 24 items in four sections was prepared with tested validity and reliability. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">165-181</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE AND COMMUNICATION: HOW TO TRANSFER KNOWLEDGE?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem of communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching foreign students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">understanding of semantics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visualization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450980809.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A couple of months ago I came back to the University after vacations: well rested, full of ideas and having strong desire to tell the students everything I knew about my “beloved” organic chemistry. The counterpart was even better (in all the cases they were younger: “cela se passe de commentaries”): a large majority of the students are smart, attractive, and well put together. Just seemed to be the best time and place for effective teaching-learning (as we like to say in articles) process. As usual, I had a joy during the first lecture (feeling happy of touching once more I liked so much and engaging in my own understanding of the subject) and after the first seminar where students followed generally the logics and the way of professor thinking. However, a few days later during the classes followed by the romantic period of our acquaintance I faced the problem: the students barely understood some very easy things. Not because they didn’t know, not because they were lazy, vs they could understand the more difficult things (I work at Medical University with the highest students’ percentile). They couldn’t understand very simple things because sometimes we were speaking in different languages. To some extent and in some cases, it’s a problem of interlingual interference of the mother tongue (Chittima Kaweera, 2013): one third of my students are overseas and we need to communicate in international languages like English or Russian. But misunderstanding is taking place for communication even with native speakers: and the problems are basically the same we face with foreigners. I thought about the phenomenon for years, tried to explore the problem empirically and now I’m convinced – communication is a very complex process which consists of many subunits and some of them are within the formal command of Lexis and Grammar, without taking into account, the Context.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">592–595</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Heering</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC PRACTICES AS CULTURAL ACTIVITIES: A CHALLENGE AND AN OPPORTUNITY FOR EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cultural activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437678627.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During the 20th century, the sciences have been considered as disciplines that are significantly distinct from the humanities, C.P. Snows term of the “two cultures” has become the key word for this development. However, recent science studies produced arguments for the thesis that sciences are also a cultural activity. As a consequence, science and the related practices become time dependent – what was an accepted scientific practice in a particular period would not meet the standards of another period. Understanding science as a cultural activity poses several challenges to educators, but offers also opportunities. One approach that meets these opportunities is the implementation of the history of science in science education. In the following, two specific approaches in this respect will be discussed: storytelling and the reenactment of historical experiments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">296–297 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Broks</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC THINKING: THE BACKBONE OF MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">applied scientific research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">life experience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pragmatic education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982095.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science and Technology Education (STE) along with Artistic and Pragmatic Education today is continuously and fast developing branch of education to satisfy actual needs of modern life. It follows the development of scientific research of real life phenomena and implementation of corresponding results in practice. In other words, changes within our life are closely connected with corresponding changes in our education, because educational activities of any person as well as society in total mean specially organized gaining of life experience (knowledge, values, skills) for life (cognition, consideration, behaviour). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">764–766 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mei-Lun Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shi-Jer Lou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei-Fang Tsai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chih-Cheng Tsai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF HORTICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ON PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN’S SELF-CONCEPT, WELL-BEING AND EFFECTIVENESS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">horticultural activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">horticultural effectiveness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">horticultural therapy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981317.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study adopts both quantitative and qualitative methods. There are 23 subjects in the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received the “Green Giant Growth Group” test once a week for a total of 7 times. The measurement tools were scale of self-concept, Chinese well-being and horticultural effectiveness. With respect to data analysis, the researcher adopted descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance. Feedback and interviews were included in the qualitative analysis. According to the findings of this study, horticultural activities can enhance students’ self-concept, sense of control, self-satisfaction, sense of achievement and social skills. Based on the results of interviews, by participating in horticultural activities, students increase their interpersonal relationship skills. Their behaviors match social norms, and they are more responsible, open-minded and peaceful. In line with previous research findings, this study proposes suggestions for future researchers to apply horticultural activities in education or guidance. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">637–649 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wen-Wei Chiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mei-Hung Chiu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shiao-Lan Chung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chun-Keng Liu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SURVEY OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept map</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diagnostic tool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oxidation–reduction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450980905.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study investigated the conceptions of 340 Taiwanese high school students (grades 10 to 12) regarding oxidation–reduction reactions. The diagnostic tool used was a two-tier test based on a concept map of redox reactions as presented in high school curriculums. The reliability of the two-tier test items was 0.82. The results show that most 11th graders performed equally well in questions related to the concept of the gain and loss of electrons during oxidation–reduction. In terms of working with oxidation numbers, scores increased with grade level. The results of this study provide valuable reference for curriculum designers and science instructors. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">596–607 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suat Unal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunay Palıc Sadoglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ummu Gulsum Durukan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHER EDUCATORS’ VIEWS OF “MODEL” CONCEPT AND THEIR MENTAL MODELS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">models and modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher educators</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981530.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to reveal teacher educators’ views of model and also to determine their mental models about it. Phenomenographic research design has been carried out in this study. The sample of study consists of 14 teacher educators from education faculties of different universities in Turkey. Semi-structured interviews that consisted of 7 questions were used to collect data. Besides, sample was asked draw a concept map on “model” in the last interview question. Results have shown that teacher educators give similar responses including unqualified explanations to the interview questions related to the definition of model, characteristics of them, and the objectives of using models. It can also be asserted, that teacher educators do not have scientific understanding on the modeling process. The analyses of their responses to the interview questions and their concept maps have shown that most of the teacher educators in the sample have proximate or goal oriented mental models of the “model”. Considering the results, it is suggested that teacher educators should not only follow the new theories, methods, or the applications in related literature theoretically, but also employ different theories, methods, or applications such as models and modeling in their courses.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">674–694 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emine Çil</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING NATURE OF SCIENCE THROUGH CONCEPTUAL CHANGE APPROACH: CONCEPTUAL CHANGE TEXTS AND CONCEPT CARTOONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept cartoon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">explicit reflective approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implicit approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437678975.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study investigated the influence of conceptual change approach on elementary students’ views of certain aspects of nature of science (NOS). In this study, conditions of conceptual change were provided through the use of conceptual change texts and concept cartoons. In addition, this study compared the influence of the conceptual change approach to that of the explicit reflective inquiry-oriented and implicit instructional approaches in the teaching of NOS. The research was conducted with seventh-grade students (aged 12-13 years) at a school in Turkey’s Aegean region. A total of 69 students participated in the study. The students’ views of NOS were assessed using a questionnaire, (the Views of Nature of Science Elementary Level Scale) as pre-test and post-test in conjunction with data from semi-structured interviews. This study reveals that the best way to remedy the naïve views of students on NOS is a conceptual change framework.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339–350 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilek Erduran Avci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nazmiye Sadiye Onal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TURKISH TEACHERS’ OPINIONS ABOUT SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-SOCIETY-ENVIRONMENT ACQUISITIONS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE CURRICULUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology course curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science-technology-society-environment acquisitions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher opinions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437063174.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to examine teacher opinions about science-technology-society-environment (STSE) acquisitions in Turkish Science and Technology Course Curriculum (TSTC). For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were performed with teachers. The participants were addressed questions about their awareness of STSE acquisitions and their in-class activity about these acquisitions. Learning fields of the teachers, the contents of these fields and the opinions of the teachers about STSE pointed out that their awareness level about STSE acquisitions was low. On the other hand, most of the teachers stated that there was enough and comprehensible information about STSE acquisitions in TSTC. The results of this study revealed that most of the teachers were not able to realize these acquisitions in the courses because of a lack of time or equipment and overcrowded classes. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">216-230</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Serdar Köksal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canan Tunç Şahin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNDERSTANDINGS OF ADVANCED STUDENTS ON NATURE OF SCIENCE AND THEIR MOTIVATIONAL STATUS TO LEARN NATURE OF SCIENCE: A TURKISH CASE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">advanced high school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school subjects</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062195.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, the purpose is to describe advanced students’ motivational status to learn Nature of Science (NOS) and their understandings on NOS by using Ranking Questionnaire for “interest” and “importance” and modified version of Views on Nature of Science Questionnaire. The results indicated that the participants did not see NOS as an important subject compared to mathematics, science and social science subjects. Moreover, the participants were more interested in mathematics and science subjects than in NOS subject. The results on NOS understandings also showed that the participants were transitional in terms of “evidence and observation based science” and “subjectivity” while they had informed understandings on “place of imagination and creativity in science”. They were also naïve in terms of “existence of one method in science”, “no hierarchy between theory and law”, “tentativeness” and “difference between observation and inference”. The results explained an important motivational problem to implement any NOS teaching methods to change misunderstandings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46-58</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serkan Kapucu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptions of learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative study</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981223.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present study identified university students’ conceptions of mathematics and physics as well as students’ conceptions of mathematics and physics learning. Furthermore, the study elicited university students’ conceptions of the relationship between mathematics and physics and the relationship between mathematics and physics learning. As a final, the study compared university students’ conceptions of mathematics and physics as well as students’ conceptions of mathematics and physics learning. A purposeful sample of university students (pre-service elementary science and mathematics teachers) who had taken required mathematics and physics courses participated in the study. Open-ended questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. The analysis found that most students believed that mathematics was closely related to physics and that it was difficult to succeed in physics without understanding mathematics. In addition, more students exhibited coherent conceptions of physics and higher-level conceptions of physics learning compared to the number of the students with coherent conceptions of mathematics and higher-level conceptions of mathematics learning. How the nature of the disciplines of mathematics and physics affects the development of student conceptions is discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">622–636 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrin Soika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Priit   Reiska</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING CONCEPT MAPPING FOR ASSESSMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept acquisition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">paper-based instruction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981453.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual acquisition is an important aspect of science education, especially with regard to committing things to long term memory. Three case studies were carried out to examine approaches to conceptual acquisition in science education. The aim of these studies was to determine whether concept mapping method is a valid research method. To answer the question, studies were developed. Two of them used animation to describe abstract topics in chemistry. The aim of the third study was to compare the differences in higher taxonomy concept maps, created in an allocated timeframe. The findings of the studies indicate that the use of voiced interactive animation without teacher explanation does not lend itself to superior concept acquisition. As a result of the study it was concluded that concept mapping as an assessment method provides a unique possibility to visualize the structure of students’ conceptual achievements. Based on the outcomes it is recommended concept mapping should be used more as an assessment or research method. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">662–673 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bojan Borstner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janez Bregant</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE VIRTUAL SCIENCE TEACHER AS A HYBRID SYSTEM: COGNITIVE SCIENCE HAND IN HAND WITH CYBERNETIC PEDAGOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cybernetic pedagogy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-learning material</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning algorithm</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437062280.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The findings of cybernetic pedagogy and didactics developed in the 1970s, which were in those times limited due to poor technological capabilities, are taken as a starting point in this research. A revised version of cybernetic pedagogy is proposed and is used to develop the hybrid cognitive model presented. It is not based purely on the symbolic notation of the teaching algorithm alone, as done in the past, but also on the connectionist model of our cognition, which draws on the brain’s characteristics and their physiological and functional structure, such as parallel data processing, content associative memory and divided presentations. The learning process algorithm can be, on the basis of this idea, re-defined as a hybrid cognitive model, i.e. a combination of a symbol system and a neural network, and named mRKP. The article concludes that an intelligent artificial tutor can independently, i.e. without the need for reprogramming, accommodate the learning process to the needs and possibilities of an individual student if it uses mRKP as its basis, and can eventually replace a human tutor in some situations, but a human teacher must decide where and when it should be used.  
  
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75-90</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eliza Rybska</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sue Dale Tunnicliffe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zofia Anna Sajkowska</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">YOUNG CHILDREN’S IDEAS ABOUT SNAIL INTERNAL ANATOMY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific phenomena</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450982532.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drawings can serve as a useful tool for analyzing children’s understanding of scientific phenomena. This study examined children’s understandings about internal structure of the snail. Children from kindergarten at age 5 and from primary school of age 7 and 10, were asked to draw their concept about the internal structure of the snail. The results demonstrate the alternative conceptions held by the children. Analysis showed some significant differences in interpretation between both age groups and gender. Age related differences were in understanding of nervous, circulatory, muscle and digestive system, and such features as food, bones and mucus. Gender differences were not so significant at present studies. There were only few statistically significant observations concerning gender, that boys more often than girls consider mucus and other organisms (such as bacteria) as a part of snail internal structure. The girls drew more in the category food (7 years old) and bones (10 years old). The results also revealed ideas which made sense to the learner, but are not biologically accurate, such as organs located in the foot. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">828–838 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Umesh Ramnarain</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ACHIEVEMENT GOAL ORIENTATION OF DISADVANTAGED PHYSICAL SCIENCES STUDENTS FROM SOUTH AFRICA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement goal orientation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mastery goal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Performance goal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758421.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study attempted to identify the achievement goal orientation of grade 12 Physical Sciences students from disadvantaged communities, and thereafter explain goal orientation by investigating its interaction with teacher, school and parent goal emphasis. The research adopted a mixed methods design involving first a quantitative survey of 300 students from 6 schools using an achievement goal questionnaire developed by Vedder-Weiss and Fortus (2010), followed by interviews with 12 students that served to explicate the trends revealed from the survey. A finding of this study was that disadvantaged Black students have a much stronger performance goal orientation in comparison to a mastery goal orientation. Students perceive the teacher, school and their parent to emphasize such a goal orientation. Despite disadvantaged students being motivated to perform well and achieve high marks in science, the dismal grade 12 results in the national Physical Sciences examination does suggest that a performance goal orientation of students may not be ideal.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139-151 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet   Yakışan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS CONCERNING THE STATUS OF ORGANELLES DURING CELL DIVISION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cell division</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organelles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811690.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to identify pre-service teachers' alternative conceptions concerning the status of organelles during cell division. A total of 212 pre-service teachers participated in the study. Data were collected by asking open-ended questions of all pre-service teachers, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants. Data were analyzed by coding data segments within 11 categories. Categories were tabulated and interpreted by including sample data sections about the codes. 
 The results indicated that there were some students who explained that no organelle dissolved or disappeared and no change occurred in any organelles during cell division besides pre-service teachers who said that all organelles dissolved and disappeared during cell division. In addition, a few pre-service teachers thought that while some organelles dissolved and disappeared, others did not. It was understood that those pre-service teachers were confused about which structures and organelles disappeared and which ones continued their existence, and they had various alternative conceptions. Moreover, pre-service teachers had alternative conceptions regarding the status of organelles particularly about structures such as chromosome, centrosome, DNA, and RNA. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">813-828</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristyna Balatova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARE STORKS HOMOSEXUALS? PERSISTENCE OF MISCONCEPTIONS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human body</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523229.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The misconceptions about different scientific phenomena are persisting from childhood till adulthood and no method managed to transform it into the correct form. The study is focused on finding out the misconceptions about common facts of zoology and also human body. The respondents were 112 university students. Among these respondents were 22 science major students and the rest of the respondents were non-science majors. The number of females was 82. All respondents are potentially future teachers at elementary schools, so there is a great chance/ possibility they will teach pupils and present them the kinds of information which are investigated in this study. Research tool contained 7 items, most of them were from the field of zoology and one from the field of human anatomy. Obtained data were analysed by the proportional ratio of correct and incorrect answers and the chi-square test was used for the determination of differences between groups of variables gender and field of study. There was not found a significant difference between males and females and science major students often answered some items more. There were found many misconceptions about common facts of zoology and human body. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">448–457 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sibel   Kaya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeynel   Kablan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNING STRATEGIES AND SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AT THE PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-regulated learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425809609.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> 
The use of self-regulated learning strategies tend to have an impact on student learning and achievement; however, the nature of this relationship for primary science achievement needs further investigation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between learning strategies used by primary students and their science achievement. The use of learning strategies was measured by the 50-item modified version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and the science achievement was measured by a test compiled from the released TIMSS items. Bivariate correlation analysis results showed that among the nine learning strategies that were investigated, seven of them were significantly associated with the science achievement. There were no correlations between peer learning and help seeking and achievement. Multiple regression analysis results showed that among the seven strategies, effort regulation, metacognitive self-regulation and critical thinking significantly contributed to the science achievement. Results and implications for instruction were discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">525-534 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COGITO ERGO SUM HOMOMACHINE?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human processing power</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425807869.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">When European Union (EU) heads of state and government met at a summit in Lisbon in 2000 (Lisbon declaration, 2000), they set the goal of making Europe 'the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world'. In a knowledge economy, the 'most effective modern economies will be those that produce the most information and knowledge, and make that information and knowledge easily accessible to the greatest number of individuals and enterprises'. This policy brief suggests that individuals and companies can easily collaborate and compete globally, and that the solution for Europe in meeting the Lisbon goals is to invest heavily in education and skills. Statistical evidence briefly demonstrates the high return on investment in education. It makes recommendations for ensuring that Europe' school systems become more flexible and effective in improving learning outcomes, and argues that Europeans capacity to compete in the global knowledge economy will depend on whether its higher education institutions can meet the rapidly growing demand for high-level skills. International comparisons demonstrate the challenges confronting Europe but also illustrate the success of efforts to meet such challenges.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">268-270 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhamad Hugerat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naim Najami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahmood Abbasi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iyad Dkeidek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE COGNITIVE ACCELERATION CURRICULUM AS A TOOL FOR OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INQUIRY SKILLS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive acceleration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523769.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many primary school pupils find it difficult to apply inquiry skills in general and variable control in particular, and fail to appreciate the importance of control groups in scientific research. The present study focused on levels of thinking among sixth-graders in the course of an open-ended inquiry activity, by following the planning and execution of an experiment, isolation and variable control, and the difficulties encountered by students in the implementation of various inquiry skills. The study population consisted of forty-four sixth-graders from a primary school in the Arab sector in Israel's Northern District. The students were divided into two groups, one that underwent a process of intervention in teaching in the form of three lessons using the CASE approach, while the other learned with the New Outlook textbook. The study's results point to a significant difference between the CASE intervention group and the New Outlook intervention group with respect to the final grade of the &quot;variable identification and connection test&quot;. An examination of the differences in student achievement between the pre- and post-test reveals an improvement in the post-test final scores among the CASE group of students, in comparison to the New Outlook group.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">523–534 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serap   Ergin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şengül Atasoy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 4MAT TEACHING METHOD IN REMOVING PUPILS’ PHYSICS MISCONCEPTIONS OF ELECTRICITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4MAT teaching method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electricity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ninth grade pupils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811268.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to determine pupils’ misconceptions about the electricity and the effects of 4MAT teaching method on these misconceptions. For this purpose, a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design was adopted and a three tier test with a sample of 100 ninth grade pupils was used to detect pupils’ misconceptions about the electricity. The analysis of the data showed that pupils have the following misconceptions; local reasoning, attenuation model, empirical rule model, shared current model, current-potential difference confusion, short circuit misconception, current flow as water flow, power supply as a constant current source model and sequential reasoning etc. It was determined that the frequency of most of the misconceptions decreased after the application of the innovation. A greater fall was observed in the experimental group which suggests that the 4MAT teaching method was more effective than the traditional method in reducing misconceptions. Based on the results of this study, investigation of the effects of 4MAT teaching method on other complicated subjects of physics such as magnetism, regular circular momentum is suggested for further studies. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">730-746</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tolga   Gok</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A COMPARISON OF STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE, SKILL AND CONFIDENCE WITH PEER INSTRUCTION AND FORMAL EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formal education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">peer instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem solving strategy steps</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811314.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effects of peer instruction (PI) and formal education (FE) on students’ performance, skill, and confidence were investigated. The research was performed in a two-year college classroom with 98 students from two groups enrolled in a physics course. One of the groups was selected as an experimental group, and the other was the control group. The students in the experimental group were instructed by peer instruction with problem solving strategy steps (PSSS), whereas the students in the control group were instructed by formal education including PSSS. The research data were collected with the Physics Achievement Test (PAT) and the Problem Solving Confidence Questionnaire (PSCQ). The problem solving skills of the students in both groups were evaluated using quantitative problems in Newtonian mechanics. The PAT and the PSCQ results related to the performance and confidence of the students indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the means of the experimental group and the control group in favor of the experimental group. The combination of PI with PSSS was more effective for increasing the problem solving skills of the students than the combination of FE with PSSS.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">747-758</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamisah Osman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wahidin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subahan Mohd   Meerah</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPT MAPPING IN CHEMISTRY LESSONS: TOOLS FOR INCULCATING THINKING SKILLS IN CHEMISTRY LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vee diagram</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810723.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to investigate the combination effect of concept mapping and vee diagrams as thinking tools in Chemistry among some 360 secondary students in Indonesia. This study employed a quasi-experimental approach whereby students were segregated into three intervention groups: concept mapping, vee diagram and thinking skills embedded throughout the lesson (E1), concept mapping (E2) and a conventional approach (E3). Students were also characterized in terms of their ability: High (H), Moderate (M) and Low (L). Students’ thinking skills were measured using a modified version of the Test of Integrated Process Skills (TIPS), which has beed systematically justified in terms of reliability and validity. Analysis of findings reveal that the EI approach is the most effective technique in inculcating students’ thinking skills. A series of follow-up analyses also demonstrate that the E1 approach is best suited for the high ability (H) students as compared to their moderate (M) and low (L) ability counterparts. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">666-681</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1643133561.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 12, No. 5, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">543</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645904684.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645992908.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645895115.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645888113.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">395</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1643099179.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 12, No. 6, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">711</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645992863.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1643133510.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 12, No. 5, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">541-542</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645904619.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">125-126</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645895027.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 12, No. 3, JBSE, 2013</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">265-266</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645888064.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">393-394</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1643099125.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 12, No. 6, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">709-710</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hakan Kurt</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINING BIOLOGY TEACHER CANDIDATES' CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURES ABOUT ENERGY AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENERGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808957.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the current study is to investigate biology teacher candidates' cognitive structures related to &quot;energy&quot;. As the research design of the study, the case study was applied. The data were collected from 44 Biology teacher candidates. The free word-association test, the drawing-writing technique and the semantic differential attitude scale were used as data collection instruments. The data were subject to content analysis and divided into categories through coding. In the analysis, the categories were formed and determined through the results of word-association test and drawing-writing test which were completed by the biology teacher candidates. With the help of these categories, the cognitive structures of biology teacher candidates were explained. These categories were determined as biological energy-metabolism, energy resources in the nature- types of energy- renewable energy and energy for life continuity. The semantic attitudes of Biology teacher candidates toward energy were found to be positive. On the other hand, it was determined that biology teacher candidates had misconceptions related to energy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">399-423 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilgün  Seçken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nuray Zan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING A SCALE OF ANXIETY TOWARDS USING GRAPHS IN CHEMISTRY CLASSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">affective</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">graphic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757620.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Graphs are indispensable elements of education in terms of expressing qualitative and quantitative data and laws of science. Individuals need to have the skill to use graphs. The ability to use graphs is listed under three groups as interpretation skill, modeling skill, transformation skill. The lack of performing these skills, failing to overcome these challenges may cause students to develop anxieties towards using graphs. Students’ existing anxieties towards using graphs may prevent the emerging of these skills, reinforce the emerging of the challenges. Therefore, this study focused on developing a scale for anxiety towards using graphs in chemistry using a draft scale along with its validity and reliability studies. The reliability and validity analysis of the scale concluded with a one dimensional assessment tool of 15 items with a reliability level of 0,903.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34-46 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nazan   Kunduz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilgün  Seçken</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF 7E LEARNING MODEL BASED COMPUTER-ASSISTED TEACHING MATERIALS ON PRECIPITATION TITRATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7E learning model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational computer games</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">precipitation titrations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual lab</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811451.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purposes of this study are to develop a computer-assisted instructional material, which involves animations, virtual lab and educational computer applications, based on 7E learning model towards the methods of Mohr and Volhard in the unit “precipitation titrations” delivered in some quantification chemistry courses and to identify the effects of this material on student achievement. The study employs the design of quasi-experimental with control and experiment groups to which pre- and post-test were administered. The participants of the study includes 89 vocational high school students. The data were collected through the administration of the test which was used as both pre- and post-test. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the achievement test was found to be 0.756. The findings obtained were analysed through t-tests. The findings indicate that post-test scores of experiment group and control group on the achievement test were statistically significant different. This difference indicates that the software has positive effects on student achievement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">784-792</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veronika   Machková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIDACTIC ANALYSIS OF THE WEB ACID-BASE TITRATION SIMULATIONS APPLIED IN PRE-GRADUATE CHEMISTRY TEACHERS EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acid-base titration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">didactic analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational simulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811736.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The wide development of the information and communication technologies provides conditions for using various digital learning objects in education. In Chemistry learning and teaching computer simulations are used for increasing clearness in Chemistry lessons and for supporting experimental activities in laboratory work. For this analysis the topic of acid-base titration was chosen. The research sample included educational simulations of acid-base titration available free on the Internet. In total 35 educational simulations of acid-base titration were found and used for didactic analysis with following research questions: What can be learned from educational simulations of acid-base titration? and How can didactic analysis of different kinds of simulation help to teacher and learner? In the research results of didactic analysis of 35 examples of acid-base titration simulators are presented. Resulting from the analysis we find three different types of educational simulations of acid-base titration with a specific use in Chemistry lessons: (1) simulations of experiments; (2) generators of titration curves according to the user’s choice; (3) presentations of one titration. The summary of all analysed simulations and proposals of their educational applications is available from the web site http://titrace.wz.cz.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">829-839</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibrahim Bilgin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hümeyra   Coşkun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Idris   Aktaş</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF 5E LEARNING CYCLE ON MENTAL ABILITY OF ELEMENTARY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5E learning cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mind maps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">word association test</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810444.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research is to investigate effect of 5E learning cycle instruction on 4th grade students’ mental ability in the unit of “Introduction to the Matter”. The subjects of this study were 160 students from four different classes enrolled to Science Course in an Elementary School in TURKEY. Non-equivalent pre-test/post-test control group design was used. Two of the classes randomly chosen as experimental group (79) took 5E learning cycle instruction, and the other two chosen as control group (81), took traditional instruction. Word-Association Test (WAT) was administered to the experimental and the control groups as pre- and post-tests to measure the students’ mental ability related to Unit of “Introduction to the Matter”. The data collected from WAT was converted into mind maps by using content analysis and cut off point methods. As a result of application, while “Introduction to the Matter” subject was seen as a whole on the mind maps of the experimental group of students, mind maps of the control group students were seen to be composed of piecemeal knowledge islets. Hence, it proves that the experimental group students learn terms in a more meaningful and more interrelated way than the control group students</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">592-607</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma   Alkan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES ON CHEMISTRY COMPETENCY PERCEPTIONS AND CHEMISTRY SUCCESS OF PROSPECTIVE SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative assessment techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry competency perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry success</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">traditional teacher centered teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811408.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to examine the effect of alternative assessment techniques supported by learning cycle model and traditional teacher centered education on chemistry competency perception and chemistry success of prospective science teachers. As the data collection tools chemistry competency perceptions scale and chemistry success test was used. It was determined that there is a significant effect of alternative assessment techniques supported by learning cycle model on chemistry competency perceptions and chemistry success of prospective science teachers. It has been determined that there is significant effect of traditional teacher centered education on chemistry success. Also it has been revealed that there was an increase in chemistry competency scores of prospective science teachers in control group however this increase was not statistically significant.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">774-783</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei-Zhao Shi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF PEER INTERACTIONS ON QUANTUM PHYSICS: A STUDY FROM CHINA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">peer interaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantum physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758468.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many studies in the field of physics have demonstrated that courses which include a component of interaction among peers achieve significantly higher gains in conceptual understanding. However, few of those studies have closely examined the role play in quantum physics. Unlike classical physics, the area of quantum physics has little relation to experiences of students in everyday life. This makes quantum physics very difficult to teach. In this study, Ireson’s 29 questions regarding the quantum physics conceptual understandings were developed and validated, then used in the pre- and post-test. It was found that a significant difference in the mean number of correct responses between the experiment class and the control class, through their participation in peer conversations, experiment class students achieved a stronger overall understanding of quantum physics concepts. The result is the same as the previous research in classical physics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">152-158 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cem Oktay Güzeller</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neşe Özkal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF PERFORMANCE BASED STATUS DETERMINATION TECHNIQUES ON SELF-EFFICACY, CONCERN AND PERMANENCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fear of science and technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance based situation determination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">permanence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy perception</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757665.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As supportive of traditional measurement and assessment approaches in 7th Grade Science and Technology course’s “Light” chapter, the purpose of this research is to test the effect of performance based status determination on students’ perception of self-efficacy, their course related concerns and permanence levels. As supportive of traditional measurement and assessment approaches the performance based status determination has been applied to the experiment group while control group has been applied only traditional measurement and assessment approaches by the researcher. Analysis of the data obtained in the research have been evaluated by single factor analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and two factor (repeated measures) ANOVA for repeated measurements on single factor. As a result, while significant difference has been found between experiment and control groups from the perspective of self efficacy perceptions, no significant difference has been found between course related concerns and permanence levels.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47-58</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hülya   Demircioğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa   Dinç</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muammer   Çalik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF STORYLINES EMBEDDED WITHIN CONTEXT-BASED LEARNING APPROACH ON GRADE 6 STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF ‘PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGE’ CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative Conception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based learning approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">storylines</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810774.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative conceptions of ‘physical and chemical change’ concepts to minimize their effects on further learning should be handled at lower secondary school in� that these concepts are formally introduced at grade 6. This study aimed to investigate the effect of storylines embedded within context-based learning approach on grade 6 students’ understanding of ‘physical and chemical change’ concepts. To probe the students’ conceptions, Chemical and Physical Change Concept Questionnaire (CPCCQ) was employed as pre- and post-test. The results indicated that most of the students tended to pay more attention to ‘reversibility’ criterion in distinguishing ‘chemical change’ concept from ‘physical change’ one. Finally, it can be deduced that the storylines embedded within the context-based learning approach not only resulted in a better meaningful learning but also increased student achievement level. To give an opportunity for the students to grasp the relevance of chemistry/science to their lives, the meaning of each daily life concept should be bridged with that in a chemistry context.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">682-691</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Mutlu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF USING ROUNDHOUSE DIAGRAMS ON PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF ECOSYSTEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">roundhouse diagram</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758668.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roundhouse diagram is a visual tool which helps to reveal what a student think about science topics and reflects information that students organise in their mind. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using roundhouse diagrams on prospective classroom teachers’ understanding of ecosystem, food chain, energy flow and material cycles. The roundhouse diagram was used with the experimental group (n = 44), while a traditional teaching method was employed with the control group (n = 43). Environmental Achievement Test consisting of 25 questions was administered to the 87 preservice teachers as pretest and posttest. The results indicated that the use of roundhouse diagrams significantly improved prospective classroom teachers’ understanding of ecosystem, food chain, energy flow and material cycles. In the light of the obtained results, some practical implications are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">205-218 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gül Ünal Çoban</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF INQUIRY SUPPORTED BY ARGUMENT MAPS ON SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL VIEWS OF PROSPECTIVE SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argument mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Science Teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425807916.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Situating arguments as a central element in the design of inquiry learning environments is important for engaging learners in the coordination of conceptual and epistemological goals. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of inquiry based laboratory activities which are supported by argument maps on the prospective science teachers’ science process skills and epistemological views. A quasi experimental research was conducted with sixty 3rd grade prospective science teachers of a faculty of education in Turkey for over 3 months. The results displayed that although the inquiry supported by argument maps had significantly affected the science process skills of prospective science teachers’, it did not affect their epistemological views. It is thought that it may take some time and special efforts to see the effects of inquiry supported by argument maps on the epistemological views of prospective science teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271-288 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namudar İzzet Kurbanoğlu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ANXIETY ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN RELATION TO CHEMISTRY ATTITUDE AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic chemistry anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">undergraduate students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758372.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of organic chemistry anxiety on sophomore undergraduate students in relation to chemistry attitude and organic chemistry achievement. The participants were 228 sophomore undergraduate students, enrolled in organic chemistry courses. Anxiety and attitude were measured using O-CAS and CAS, respectively. O-CA was measured by determining a point total for each student, using the results of exams and quizzes from organic chemistry courses. The results of an ANOVA showed a significant difference in the means for O-CA and chemistry attitudes scores between the low, moderate, and high anxiety groups. The findings also revealed a moderate, significant negative correlation between organic chemistry anxiety and achievement, and a small, significant negative correlation between organic chemistry anxiety and chemistry attitudes. In addition, there was a small, significant positive correlation between chemistry attitudes and organic chemistry achievement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">130-138</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canan   Koçak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF PROCESS-BASED TEACHING MODEL ON STUDENT TEACHERS’ LOGICAL/INTUITIVE THINKING SKILLS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">logical and intuitive thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">process-based teaching model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810534.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of Process-based Teaching Model on student teachers’ logical and intuitive thinking skills as well as their academic performances at chemistry laboratory applications. The sample of this research consisted of 60 preservice teachers studying of� Faculty of Education in Hacettepe University. Data were obtained via the “experimental desing� with pre/posttest control group” evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The experimental� group was taught within the process-based teaching model while the control group received training in traditional teacher centered education. The scores obtained by participating experimental and control groups from Logical/Intuitive Thinking Scale, Performance Test and Structured Grids as one of the alternative measurement and evaluation techniques were compared and contrasted. To determine the student teachers’ logical and intuitive thinking styles, the “Logical/Intuitive Thinking Scale” developed by Pacini and Epstein (1999) and adapted by Turk� (2011). The study concluded that teaching chemistry using process-based teaching model improved students’ academic performance as well as their logical and intuitive thinking skills.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">640-651</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">María Brígido</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Digna Couso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciro Gutiérrez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicente Mellado</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EMOTIONS ABOUT TEACHING AND LEARNING SCIENCE: A STUDY OF PROSPECTIVE PRIMARY TEACHERS IN THREE SPANISH UNIVERSITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emotions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice primary teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808129.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A descriptive and comparative study is made of the emotions that prospective primary teachers in three Spanish universities have about teaching and learning the natural sciences, differentiating between approaches to the content of Biology/Geology and Physics/Chemistry. The study was carried out using a closed-response questionnaire which was completed by 315 primary education bachelor's degree students in the Universities of Extremadura, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and the Autónoma of Barcelona (UAB). The results showed that in their recall of their secondary education, most of the prospective teachers have positive emotions towards learning Biology/Geology and negative towards learning Physics/Chemistry. With respect to their future teaching in primary education, there predominated positive emotions towards Biology/Geology, and negative emotions towards Physics/Chemistry, except for the UAB students who reported more positive emotions than negative in this latter case. There was an increase of positive emotions in their expectations of their future teaching of all the science content, and a marked decrease in the negative emotions, relative to the emotions that they had experienced as students of these subjects in secondary school.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">299-311</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645904746.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">261-264</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645992960.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120-124</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645895185.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">389-392</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1643099229.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 12, No. 6, JBSE, 2013</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">840-844</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1643133605.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 12, No. 5, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">703-708</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1645888167.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2013, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">535-540</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irena Delčnjak Smrečnik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samo Fošnarič</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branka Čagran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON LEARNING OUTCOMES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION IN SLOVENIAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL WORK CONDITIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">material conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523813.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study deals with material support for practical work in science classes in Slovenian primary schools (grades 1-5). It answers the question of why there are differences in national tests in terms of socioeconomic development of the environment, despite the fact that schools are equally well equipped. There are two groups of teachers: in less-developed regions (N=337) and in more-developed regions (N=160) – the criterion is the “the development risk index.” Material research equipment in Slovenian schools is poor. Socioeconomic development does not affect the perception of problems such as: the lack of materials and equipment, oversized groups, poor spatial conditions, and the absence of an assistant. Equipment is provided by schools, while material is brought by the pupils themselves. Comparison has shown that students in more developed environments bring their own material more frequently, which enables more research activities. It was concluded that despite the fact that the material conditions in all Slovenian schools are similar, there are differences in the development level of inquiry skills. In more-developed regions, students compensate the lack of material by providing aids from their home environment.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">535–543 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilek Sultan Acarli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melek Yaman Kasap</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN EXAMINATION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SMOKING BEHAVIOR BY USING THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qualitative Content Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theory of Planned Behavior</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523503.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smoking has been recognized as one of the most important health problems. Thus, several preventive measures have been taken worldwide in order to reduce smoking. For these measures to be effective, the source of the problem should be thoroughly explored. To this end, this study aims to determine high school students’ smoking behavior and the factors affecting it. In the gathering of data, an interview form was used which was developed by the researchers in accordance with the directives of Planned Behavior Theory. Interviews were conducted according to problem-based interview method. Data were analyzed by using the qualitative data analysis program MAXqda, and was evaluated by using qualitative content analysis method. Findings of the research show that anti-smoking campaigns have been reflected in students’ beliefs towards smoking behavior. Differences between female and male students in terms of the beliefs affecting their smoking behavior were detected. It was seen that having no economic difficulty in accessing cigarettes and the fact that cigarettes are being sold disregarding the age-limit are facilitating factors for students to try smoking. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">497–507</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ya-Ling Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng-Wu Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE LEARNING EXPERIENCES OF SCIENCE TRAINING AMONG TAIWANESE ABORIGINAL ADOLESCENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">occupational aspiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science training</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taiwanese Aboriginal adolescents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocational self-concept</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808254.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Taiwan, substantial resources have been invested in training programs for Aboriginal adolescents in response to their poor occupational achievement. This study examined the relationships between the learning experiences of science training, vocational self-concept, and occupational aspirations among Taiwanese Aboriginal adolescents. Data were collected from a questionnaire survey of 760 Taiwanese Aboriginal adolescents who had successfully completed the science training. The results of this study demonstrated that the Taiwanese Aboriginal adolescents’ learning experiences of science training directly and indirectly influenced their occupational aspirations vis-à-vis the effect on their vocational self-concept at the individual level, which in turn directly influenced their occupational aspirations. The findings suggest that the science training programs for Taiwanese indigenous youth may provide sufficient supports in culturally responsive ways to facilitate these trainees’ vocational self-concept and occupational aspirations as well as further to achieve the original goals of the science training programs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">312-321 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ya-Ling Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng-Wu Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE MICROPOLITICAL LITERACY OF SCIENCE INTERN TEACHERS IN TAIWAN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropolitical literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional interests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science intern teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425809091.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micropolitical learning constitutes an essential part of the professional development of prospective science teachers. Drawing on interviews, this study applied categories of professional interests as a framework for investigating Taiwanese secondary science intern teachers’ experiences of the micropolitical realities in schools and the meanings that the science interns construct for micropolitical experiences. The professional interests consist of material, organizational, social-professional, cultural-ideological, and self-interests (Kelchtermans &amp; Ballet, 2002a). This study identified the career development interests of science interns beyond the five pre-defined subcategories. To cope with their vulnerability due to the lack of positional authority and role ambiguity in the practicum sites, the pursuit of social-professional interests was the most important. Proactively fitting into the prearranged school environments was the most prevalent micropolitical strategy for the interns because of their lack of professional autonomy and their supervisors’ expectations. However, the efforts of a small number of science interns in challenging the school practices were noteworthy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">440-451 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bih-Yaw Shih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsung-Hao Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sun-Ming Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen-Yuan Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EXPLORATION OF APPLYING LEGO NXT IN THE SITUATED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expectation-confirmation theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEGO NXT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-acceptance model of IS continuance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">situated learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757780.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current study explores the learning effects of applying LEGO NXT in the science and life technology course based on the situated learning theory. Two fifth-grade classes of experimental group use LEGO NXT in the teaching; and the other two are control group by integrating information technology into the teaching. 
The results reveal that the learning effects of students instructed with LEG NXT in the teaching are superior to students instructed with information technology integrated in the teaching. Meanwhile, using LEGO NXT is sufficient playfulness but not ease of use. Furthermore, Using LEGO NXT in the teaching has a positive impact on learning effects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73-91</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bih-Yaw Shih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsung-Hao Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yevvon Yi-Chi Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wen-Yaw Chung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen-Yuan Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EXPLORATION OF TEACHERS’ INTENTION OF USING LEGO NXT IN PRIMARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">authentic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEGO NXT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ intention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology acceptance model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758742.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">More and more LEGO NXTs are applied to combine with different courses for designing multimedia instructional materials. Therefore, understanding the factors affecting the teachers’ intention of using Lego NXT has been an eager research issue. The purpose of the current research is to explore the teachers’ intention of using Lego NXT in primary school. A model combining the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as well as system and participant characteristics is proposed. Data were collected from forty seven primary school teachers in Kaohsiung and Pingtung county. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to test the hypothesis.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">219-233 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ragnhild   Löfgren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Schoultz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glenn Hultman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lars   Björklund</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORATORY TALK IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING AND COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH IN PRIMARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">exploratory talk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425809431.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recent research on science education has increasingly focused on the role of exploratory talk for learning science in school. This study was conducted in third grade in the Swedish compulsory school and shows how difficult exploratory talk in science is to achieve. The recordings of each lesson focused mainly on the teacher but included the pupils as the teacher interacted with them. The empirical material was analysed from two different perspectives: ways of communicating the science content and communicative approach. The analysis of the classroom practice showed that scien¬tific descriptions were dominating ways of communication. Only in a few cases explanations of scien¬tific phenomena were in focus. Those situations caused turning points into more interac-tive/dialogic communications or exploratory talk. One main conclusion is that exploratory talk and scientific explanations are not easily achieved when working in primary school. These skills are not automatically attained by the use of inquiry-based material – it needs to be trained!</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">482-496 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamisah Osman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rian Vebrianto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOSTERING SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND IMPROVING ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH THE USE OF MULTIPLE MEDIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information communication technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching and learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758625.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study focuses on how best to foster the science process skills and improving achievement of secondary schools students in Riau Indonesia. This research used a quasi-experiment method which involved two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group used an environment learning module based on Information Communication Technology (ICT), whilst the second experimental group used the environmental module without ICT. The third group went through the teaching and learning process using conventional methods. The instruments used were the Science Process Skills test and students’ achievement test. Analysis of the findings was done descriptively followed by subsequent inferential analysis using ANOVA and MANOVA tests. It was found that there exist significant differences in science process skills and achievement between the two experimental groups and the conventional group. Based on the findings, it is suggested that science teachers need to be adroit in varying their teaching approaches as well as orientating themselves in using ICT in their teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191-204 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miriam Muscat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Pace</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF SITE-VISITS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL COGNITIVE KNOWLEDGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept maps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meta-cognitive tools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">out-of-classroom activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">site-visits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vee diagrams</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808483.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Classroom-based science teaching tends to be dominated by teaching that stifles the students’ natural curiosity and eagerness to discover their surroundings. Knowledge makes sense to students particularly when it is learned within the context of an authentic experience. Thus classroom-based science needs to be complimented by out-of-classroom activities which offer direct and relevant information that influences students’ learning. Students build new knowledge on already existing schema, thus it is important for both teacher and students to question and evaluate their knowledge to be able to build on solid grounds. This paper illustrates examples of meta-cognitive tools (i.e. Vee diagrams and concept maps) used before and after site-visits to explore the contribution of out-of-classroom activities to the students’ biological cognitive development. This research shows that site-visits are a necessary part of science learning because they help students develop observational and reasoning skills, link biology to personal life experiences and contextualise inert classroom knowledge, making it more meaningful and easier to remember.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">337-351 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imbi   Henno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Priit   Reiska</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACT OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT ON STUDENT SCIENCE PERFORMANCE AND ATTITUDES: THE CASE OF ESTONIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socioeconomic background of students and schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ science performance and attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teaching practices</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425809384.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study analysed how to explain the statistically significant differences between the science mean scores and attitudes of students in different language instruction schools. Estonian schools were grouped according to their socioeconomic intake relative to the national average into three categories: advantaged, disadvantaged and mixed schools. The analysis of the socioeconomic composition of different language instruction schools showed that the Estonian and Russian language instruction schools are mostly mixed schools. The results did not support the assertion that weaker performance is connected with disadvantaged background of students or schools either. Although students in Russian language instruction schools reported higher levels of motivation, more innovative classroom activities and they were more informed about science-related careers, the students in Estonian language instruction schools outperformed the Russian-speaking students in science. The results support an opinion that the students’ performance and engagement differences are rather connected with classroom level instructional approaches and learning culture.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">465-481 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilgün Tatar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serkan   Buldur</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING PRESERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY ABOUT THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT: IMPLICATION FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425809148.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, a teaching program was designed to improve preservice teachers’ self-efficacy about the use of alternative assessment. The teaching program has three stages: workshop, observation, and teaching. Preservice teachers’ opinions about the contribution of the teaching program to their professional development and the effect of the program on their self-efficacy were determined. Data was collected through a survey, students’ reflective journal, and interview. Results show that preservice teachers had understanding about alternative assessment and positive opinions about the teaching program. Furthermore, their self-efficacy toward use of the alternative assessment improved. The teaching program had positive contributions to preservice teachers’ professional development.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">452-464</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Méndez Coca</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INFLUENCE OF TEACHING METHODOLOGIES IN THE LEARNING OF THERMODYNAMICS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">traditional methodology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757716.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research has as it is the objective to show the influence of three different teaching meth-odologies in the learning of some basic concepts of thermodynamics with 14 and 15-year old students. This study was motivated by the scholar failure of students at these ages, especially in science. The sample was 93 students divided in three homogenous groups. Each group learnt the concepts with a teaching methodology. The concepts were density, pressure, volume, temperature and heat, these are the concepts of the curriculum. The instruments were a pretest and a posttest with theoretical questions, exercises and problems about thermodynamics concepts, moreover students made an intelligence test to verify the homogeneity of the groups. The results brought us that the teaching methodology has a very important role in the learning of the students in secondary education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59-72</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hakan Şevki   Ayvacı</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREDICT-OBSERVE- EXPLAIN STRATEGY ON TEACHING PHOTO ELECTRICITY TOPIC</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experiment design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photo electricity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predict-observe-explain strategy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810146.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) strategy was introduced and its effectiveness was investigated with respect to prospective science teacher opinions on an experimental activity, during the implementation and at the end of the process. The study was implemented to a group of 16 science and technology education program prospective science teachers. The research data was obtained with the analysis of worksheet and the results of experimental discussions with prospective science teachers. The developed experimental activities were conducted over the “Experimental Worksheet” including the stages of pre-experiment (prediction), experiment (observation), and post-experiment (explain) according to the POE strategy. Finally, between 10-12 min time discussion environment was prepared for 4 different groups. At the end of the study, evaluations were realized on applicability of POE and it was concluded that the developed activity according to the POE was effective and attractive in learning the science concepts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">548-564 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lutfi   Incikabi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet A.  Kurnaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat   Pektas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN INVESTIGATION OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE QUESTIONS IN ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS FOR SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN TURKEY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive requirements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">level determination examination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics and science problems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural properties</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808526.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to investigate LDE mathematics and science questions in terms of cognitive requirements (knowing, applying and reasoning) and structural properties (conceptual, algorithmic and graphical). The methodology adopted in the current study was document analysis. The results of this study indicated that LDE science assessments emphasized conceptual questions, while mathematics questions were more algorithmic in structure. In addition, both mathematics and science items de-emphasized graphical representations. In terms of their cognitive requirements, both science and mathematics LDE items neglected the cognitive domain of reasoning. Moreover, science questions mostly met in the intersection of knowing and conceptual, while mathematics questions often required students to apply knowledge on algorithmic questions. This study also concluded that the distribution of question requirements differed from year to year. Some implications regarding the results included that implementing a nation-wide assessment that neglects graphical representations contradicts the target goal of the mathematics and science programs in Turkey. The fact that the LDE was designed to determine the level of students’ learning yet neglects reasoning questions also presents a contradiction to the curricular aims.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">352-364 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heilo Altin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margus Pedaste</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNING APPROACHES TO APPLYING ROBOTICS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructionism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational robotics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEGO Mindstorms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808570.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The methodology and ideas behind educational robotics arise from the 1960s, when the first hardware platforms together with computers were used in research studies in schools. Since the 1990s, the market for educational robotics has grown, and there are many solutions available to use in schools. Despite a wide variety of platform approaches for using robots in education, they are still based on ideas that are decades old. This study evaluates different approaches used nowadays to teach with robots. Problem-based, constructionist, and competition-based learning are identified as the most common uses of robots under observation. Each approach is analysed qualitatively based on the published literature. Each has positive and negative properties; though none have been studied thoroughly using quantitative methods. Results indicate that all these approaches are used in schools with robots interdisciplinary. The current reasons for using robots are based mostly on teachers’ and students’ impressions. However, robotics can be seen as a “tool” to create many approaches to science education, such as inquiry learning and problem solving.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">365-377 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qasim Al   Shannag</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hassan   Tairab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamza   Dodeen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faisal   Abdel-Fattah</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LINKING TEACHERS’ QUALITY AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA AND SINGAPORE: THE IMPACT OF TEACHERS’ BACKGROUND VARIABLES ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8th grade</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ qualifications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810596.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study focused on comparing science teachers’ qualifications and� practices between Saudi Arabia and Singapore. Data analysed in this study were the responses of science teachers� to the Teacher Background Questionnaire-8th Grade from the Trend in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in 2007. The Saudi sample consisted of 175 science teachers while the Singapore sample consisted of 377 teachers.� This research is designed as causal comparative research in which attempts will be made to determine the cause or reason for the existing differences in the achievement of the students of the two participating countries.� The comparison between two countries reveals that there were significant differences in teachers’ preparation for teaching science topics (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Earth science), teachers’ license, teaching experience, professional development programs, and teaching practices. Results were discussed and recommendations for science educators and policy makers were proffered.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">652-665</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Isabel Runnel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margus Pedaste</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Äli Leijen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODEL FOR GUIDING REFLECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guidance of reflection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instructional models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology-enhanced learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757877.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Only a limited number of studies have focused on guiding students’ reflection in the context of inquiry learning in science education. In this study, a review of literature about reflection, reflection skills, and reflection levels was conducted in order to develop a new model for guided reflection in the context of science education using the advantages of technology-enhanced learning. The outcomes of the literature review suggest that in the context of science education reflection should be seen as a metacognitive activity that supports the integration of theory and one’s own experiences to learn from experience. It contains active reviewing and conceptualization of regulative and inquiry activities. The main activities of reflection in this context are describing, justifying, evaluating, and discussing. According to the theoretical model, describing can be guided by writing a diary or narrative, justifying by explanation guidance, or evaluating and discussing by role play. Guiding questions can be applied in supporting all activities of reflection.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107-118 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexandru Balog</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costin Pribeanu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violeta Šlekienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES AS PERCEIVED BY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">measurement models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social networking websites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808627.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The rapid expansion of social networking websites is raising several issues regarding the influence on the individual and social behavior of users. It is without doubt, that social networking websites are a phenomenon of a contemporary society, which has to be explored in various aspects. It is only because SNW are becoming more and more important for the whole society, especially for the youth, after all, they undoubtedly change the world. Their penetration is observed in various society life spheres. Education is not an exception. It can be stated, that SNW change educational processes. However, the main question is: how change? Can they harm, or maybe on the contrary – help in terms of education. Having carried out empiric research, a hierarchical and multidimensional measurement model was developed to explore the negative effects of these websites. The model has been tested on one sample and cross validated on another sample. It has been stated, that SNW negative effects is a multidimensional construct, having several facets that describe distinct aspects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">378-388 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IMPORTANCE IN ADOLESCENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adolescence period</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mature personality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific cognition</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808911.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In any case, the teacher solves the whole lot of dilemmas and contradictions. Pupils are always different, individual. Teenagers’ individualism is very much expressed. Some of them are getting interested and are interested in a concrete activity, while the others are waiting and can’t wait for the end of the activity. It is obvious, that natural education in adolescence is, as a matter of fact, situational, integral and flexible. The main factors leading to teacher’s success are creativity, skillfullness and erudition. Natural science importance is indubitable. Research studies of the last few decades confirm such position. Science education has been frequently accepted as an inseparable and extremely important part of comprehensive schooling (Lamanauskas, 2008). By natural education we seek personality maturity in a wider sense. It would seem that everything is said concerning this question. However, it is not so. Rapid spread of scientific cognition inevitably raises new challenges for natural education, induces to re-evaluate generally used education strategies and methodologies. There is a rapid development of ICT; their penetration into educational environments is really intensive, though not always adequate to the raising educational goals. On the other hand, our understanding about human brain activity and possibilities is extending. Generally speaking, neuroscience opens new opportunities for people. Even though it is firstly connected with treatment, new treatment methods, on the other hand, the achievements in this field have a great influence on education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">396-398 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İsa   Deveci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İsmail   Önder</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salih   Çepni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PARENTS’ VIEWS REGARDING HOMEWORKS GIVEN IN SCIENCE COURSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">homework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opinions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425809498.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to explore parents’ opinions about homework assignments given in science and technology courses. The sample of the study was composed of 764 parents who reside in the city of Osmaniye in Turkey. The data were collected by a “Parent Homework Scale” developed by the researcher. The instrument includes three subscales; function, attitude and behavior. U-Test and H-Test were employed to identify any difference among variables. The findings showed that there was no significant difference in parents’ scores on attitude and behavior subscales of the instrument regarding gender, educational background, occupation, and average monthly income. When function subscales scores were investigated according to gender educational background, occupation, average monthly income, it was observed that civil servants in occupational category had lower function scores than self-employed, farmer, worker, artisan, and retired. It was found that university graduates in level of education category had lower function scores than primary school graduates, secondary school graduates, and high school graduates. It was also found that high income in the monthly income group had lower function scores than other members in each related group.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">497-508 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miro Puhek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matej Perše</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tina Vršnik   Perše</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERCEIVED USABILITY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ACCEPTANCE OF VIRTUAL FIELD TRIPS BY LOWER SECONDARY STUDENTS, UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AND IN-SERVICE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information communication technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching/learning strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual field trip</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811644.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the present research the results of 288 lower secondary schools in-service teachers, 192 undergraduate students and 211 lower secondary school students from Slovenia were analysed in terms of importance of fieldwork and the information and communication technology (ICT) as a solution for supporting or replacing fieldwork itself. The main aim of the analysis was to compare the points of view in all stages: from students to teachers. Also, comparisons with international data obtained as part of TIMSS and TALIS studies were made. The analysis showed that participants tend to acknowledge a very positive effect to this kind of learning, despite the obstacles connected therewith. A comparison of the usage of ICT at home and in the school environment, as predicted, showed that students tend to be more digitally competent than their teachers. Also, the statistically significant difference pointed out that older teachers are less favourable towards ICT in education than their younger colleagues. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">803-812</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo   Bussotti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A POSSIBLE ROLE FOR HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high school instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of mathematics and science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811173.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">My research fields are history of mathematics and science, mainly physics and astronomy. I have also published some works on mathematics and physics education (as to these works see Bussotti 2012a; Bussotti 2012b; Pisano-Bussotti, 2012; Bussotti 2013). I have often wondered which role history of science can have inside science education, basically referring to high school and university students. This subject dates back at least at the second half of the 19th century when an important debate took place in Europe as to the most appropriate manner to teach Euclidean geometry. There were various positions: scholars who thought Euclid (fl. 300 BC) had to be completely abandoned, others who believed that the Elements had to be almost literally taught and, between these two opposite extreme opinions, a series of intermediate ones existed (for this problems see Bussotti, 2012a, where a series of references is presented, too). The discussion on the role of history of science/mathematics inside science/mathematics teaching is hence a long period debate and I have no pretension to provide an answer, but only to point out some questions and to develop a reasoning around them.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">712-715</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdurrahman Ilgan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREDICTING COLLEGE STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCE COURSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">College Student</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science course</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">study time</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808310.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Given the worldwide interest in improving student academic attainment, it is important to the examine the variables impacting college students’ achievement. This research aimed to predict student achievement in an undergraduate level Scientific Research Method Course (SRMC) offered by Celal Bayar University, Turkey. This quantitative research adopted a descriptive correlation survey design. 198 sophomore college students were the participants of the study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine how independent variables such as attitudes, competence in teaching methods, length of studying time, gender predict student achievement in SRMC. The findings showed that selected predictors accounted for 33.4 % of students’ academic achievement in SRMC. Specifically, 23% of this variance were explained by the total study hours; 9.4 % of it originated from students’ attitudes toward the lesson; and 2% of it originated from the students’ perceptions of the necessity and importance of the course. Further, these findings are positioned with respect to the previous research on predicting college student achievement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">322-336</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Demkanin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREPARATION OF NEW PHYSICS TEACHERS FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher training</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757465.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is no doubt, that preparation of new teachers significantly influences many aspects of education. Most of us, readers of this Journal, are involved in preparation of new science teachers. My group focuses on physics teachers for secondary school level and this is the main perspective of this reflection.
Many of us work with transformative model of the knowledge base for teaching and with the concept of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) (Magnusson, Krajcik &amp; Borko, 1999). We highlight five components of PCK: orientation toward science teaching; knowledge (and beliefs) about science curriculum; knowledge (and beliefs) about students’ understanding of science topics; knowledge (and beliefs) about assessment in science; and knowledge (and beliefs) about instructional strategies for teaching science. Let’s look at them from the perspective of pre-service teacher trainer.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selami Yangin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE CLASSROOM TEACHERS’ MISLEARNINGS OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE PLANT KINGDOM AND THE EFFECT OF PORPHYRIOS TREE ON REMOVING THEM'</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mislearnings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">porphyrios tree</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758578.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students may acquire mislearnings in the course of their academic lives for various reasons and keep them for a lifetime. Some of the most common of those mislearnings are the alternative conceptions university students have about Biology lesson. This study was conducted through one-to-one interviews with 54 students at the 1st grade of the Department of Classroom Teaching in order to determine university students’ alternative learnings about the classification and the diversity of plants and remove these alternative learnings if there were any. In the end, it was found that students had mislearnings about the classification and the diversity of plants. The main mislearning was that students classify some of the plants they knew well in a wrong way according to the criteria which was not biological; for example, they thought fern and bryophyte were plants with seeds, fungi were plants, and the plants belonging to the family of Pinaceae did not have real leaves so they were included in the class of plants without seeds. In order to remove these mislearnings ‘Porphyrios Tree’, which has a structure similar to a concept map, was used. As a result, a great majority of pre-service teachers’ alternative conceptions about the classification of plants were removed through this method of application.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">178-190 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeynep Aksan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilek Çelikler</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND OPINIONS ABOUT GREENHOUSE EFFECT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">global warming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greenhouse Effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service elementary teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758519.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Through this research, it was aimed to determine the Pre-Service Teachers’ perceptions and opinions about greenhouse effect. The research was carried out with 395 Pre-Service Elementary Teachers. The data in the research were collected through the questionnaire consisting of 36 items with likert type 5 related to greenhouse effect adapted into Turkish by Kılınç, Boyes and Stanisstreet (2008) developed by Boyes and Stanisstreet (1993) and an open-ended question. The quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire used in the research were analyzed using SPSS package program. The qualitative data obtained from an open-ended question were evaluated using the descriptive analysis technique. According to the results of the research, it has been observed that Pre-Service Teachers are not equipped with the sufficient knowledge about environmental problems. It has been concluded that Pre-Service Elementary Teachers established the false cause-effect relationship between environmental problems such as greenhouse effect, ozone layer problem, acid rain.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159-177 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huseyin Akkus</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE SECONDARY SCIENCE TEACHERS’ IMAGES ABOUT THEMSELVES AS SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DASTT-C</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-Service Science Teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758849.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to explore pre-service secondary science teachers’ images of themselves as science teachers. Also, the association between instructional style, and domains was explored. 130 secondary science teachers (biology, chemistry and physics) from 26 public universities participated in the data collection for this study. The Draw a Science Teacher Test Checklist (DASTT-C) was used as a data collection instrument. The results of study showed that pre-service science teachers’ images is 24.62% student-centred, 53.85% between student and teacher-centred, and 21.4% teacher-centred teaching style approaches. A significant association was found between domain and instructional style. Pre-service chemistry teachers were more willing to use student-centred teaching style rather than pre-service biology and pre-service physics teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249-260 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leman   Tarhan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burcin   Acar-Sesen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROBLEM BASED LEARNING IN ACIDS AND BASES: LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS AND STUDENTS’ BELIEFS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acid and base strength</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acids and bases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ionization of water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem based learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810314.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to investigate the effects of Problem Based Learning on high school students’ understanding of ionization of water and acid and base strength. Students’ beliefs about Problem Based Learning were also analysed. A quasi-experimental design was conducted in this study. While students in the experimental groups were instructed via Problem Based Learning, teacher-centred approach was used in the control groups. Before the instructions, a prerequisite knowledge test was applied to identify their prerequisite knowledge to learn the topics, and no significantly differences were found between experimental and control groups. After the instructions, a post-test was applied to determine their understanding of the topics. The results indicated that the mean scores of the students in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control groups. Problem Based Learning Assessment Scale results reflected that students’ positive beliefs increased after each activity. Based on these results, it can be concluded that PBL instruction is effective in concept learning in chemistry education. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">565-578 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabia Tanel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROSPECTIVE PHYSICS TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS ABOUT TEACHING AND CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDINGS FOR THE SUBJECTS OF FORCE AND MOTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">force and motion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self Efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher self efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757515.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to determine the self-efficacy beliefs of prospective physics teachers about teaching the subjects of Force and Motion and their conceptual understanding on the subjects. Also, relationship between the self efficacy beliefs and conceptual understanding was investigated. Additionally, the effects of a teaching sequence upon aforementioned variables were examined. Data was collected through Force Concept Inventory and The Scale of Self-Efficacy about Teaching the Subjects of Force and Motion. The findings revealed that prospective physics teachers didn’t have a sufficient conceptual understanding of Force and Motion, although they had high self efficacy beliefs about teaching the subject. A positive but weak correlation between self efficacy beliefs and conceptual understanding was found. The teaching sequence led to a statistically significant improvement in the prospective teachers’ self efficacy beliefs about teaching and their conceptual understanding of the subjects. The teaching sequence also led to enhance congruence between the variables.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-20</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PURE AND APPLIED, MORAL AND PRAGMATIC: THE PROPER WAY TO IMPROVE SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">key technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">moral aspect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">moral component</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public opinion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810097.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years many researchers (ROSE Project in particular) have stated the Science has become one of unpopular areas of knowledge. Most students and graduates are not going to link their fates with the Science and Technology. As the result, we are facing the decline of University Science and Technology Education, as only few talented students choose Science as their priority area of their interest and even less of them decide to teach the Science in school and University.
 In view of the fact that the image of Science emerged at the intersection of interests and perceptions of the general public and scientists, it is important to understand the role of academia in shaping their own public image.
 What kind of self-image do we (scientists and educators) promote?
 Which kind of audience do we reach out?
 How do we interact with this audience?
 To explore the lessons from the history, we could find those, which are particularly obvious. Rather than contemplating the identity of Science in order to derive and support an adequate image, scientists (both researchers, policy makers and, finally, – what strange enough – educators) have preferred to hide themselves behind the industry and technology. Instead of explaining what Science is, we usually have pointed to technological progress. And when audience being questioning more critical, we propose the cliché variant of reflection with exaggerated promises of technological progress, even if nobody would listen. The tendency has become a matter of routine and widely accepted. Butt obviously the cliché approach, which is out of the interests of majority of population, leads to fiasco.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">544-547</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A READING CURRICULUM FOR THE HOMO ZAPPIENS GENERATION: NEW CHALLENGES, NEW GOALS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comprehension strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reading strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757826.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new model for a 21st century reading curriculum (RC), needed as a consequence of the changes made by new technologies on human brains in the last two decades, will be presented. Cognitive science warns that some of these changes can seriously threaten the science learning process in school. This of course has implications for the educational system – including, perhaps primarily, the RC. A RC for the “Homo zappiens” (HZ) generation should comprise of two kinds of reading competences: informative and explicatory reading/learning texts strategies (=off-line reading competence); ICT reading/learning strategies (= on-line reading competence). Both of these are essential for reading, especially for reading both types of natural science texts: those on the screen and those on the paper -in the natural science textbook and in the secondary science literature. The results of the meta-analysis, which was used to examine the basis for implementing a reading curriculum for Homo zappiens by natural science teachers in the near future, are an important part of our research. The question is crucial and relevant because research has proven a strong connection between reading competence, reading comprehension and learning success generally, particularly in a science field. The results have shown a strong absence of interest among natural science teachers regarding reading competence for comprehension of science texts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92-106</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozlem Sadi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miray Uyar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY, SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGIES AND ACHIEVEMENT: A PATH MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resource management strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-regulated learning strategies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757563.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This structural equation modeling study aimed to investigate both direct and indirect relationships among self-efficacy for learning and performance, cognitive self-regulated learning strategies (CSR), metacognitive self-regulated learning strategies (MSR), time and study environmental management strategies (TSEM), effort regulation strategies and biology achievement of Turkish high schools students. Results of a path analysis showed that students who have high self-efficacy, MSR, TSEM and organizational strategies to complete a task in the face of difficulties can become successful in biology. Also, the findings were found that higher levels of self-efficacy directly associated with CSR, MSR, TSEM and effort regulation strategies. Moreover, mediator analyses explained several mediator effects between these variables that are discussed with the importance of motivational and learning strategies in achievement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21-33</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ján Záhorec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alena Hašková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michal Munk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESULTS OF PISA AND EVALUATION OF COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">current state of computer science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evaluation of informatics teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">international comparison</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">monitoring of students` scientific literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strengths and weaknesses of informatics teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758806.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the PISA scientific literacy monitoring carried out in 2006 and 2009 Slovak students achieved results below the OECD average scores while Czech students achieved significantly better results. Following the PISA results there was carried out a research aimed at evaluation of the current state of computer science education/informatics teaching at an upper secondary school level in both countries and moreover also in Belgium. In all three concerned countries a lack of textbooks of an appropriate quality was identified as a main weakness. Further identified weaknesses were: in Slovakia a problem of a lack of tasks attractive for students, in the Czech Republic a weak attractiveness of the teacher's presentation of new material for students and identically to Belgium a lack of engagement of students in tasks solved in class. Positively evaluated was: in Slovakia attractiveness of the curriculum and methods of new material presentation by teachers, and in the Czech Republic and Belgium clarity of the teacher’s presentation of new curriculum.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">234-248</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdelkader Anakkar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEMANTIC DIFFICULTIES IN SCIENCE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">linguistic difficulties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical difficulties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific activity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523179.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Generally speaking, a scientific activity consists in observing phenomena of nature, quantifying the observations, measurements &amp; modelling data, eventual theory would be birth. Each of these steps is based on a vocabulary, more or less specific to the relevant discipline, and depends on a critical way, and making use of oral-and-written scientific expressions; partially within natural language. Nevertheless, if some scientific words correspond, generally speaking, to words used in the daily life-natural language (for example weights, force, energy, work, heat etc.), it does not mean scientific concepts are discussed: i.e., reputedly difficult such as entropy, the total change in entropy or entropy production, etc. How can we make a sense of these semantic difficulties? </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">444–447 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zafer Tanel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENT DIFFICULTIES IN SOLVING PROBLEMS CONCERNING SPECIAL RELATIVITY AND POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THESE DIFFICULTIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">special relativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student difficulties</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523958.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There are two main purposes of this study. The first is to determine the basic difficulties of students in solving problems about the theory of special relativity, and the second is to identify the possible causes leading to these difficulties. To achieve these goals, 3 open-ended questions were administered to the participants. These questions were answered by 78 students who had been enrolled in a modern physics course. Out of 78 students, 24 students were selected for interviewing. Commonly used textbooks were also analyzed in order to determine whether there are differences in content. The results of the analysis showed that the students had difficulties in selecting the proper frames of reference. In addition, they could not use the concepts included in the fundamental equations accurately in accordance with their meanings. The main reasons behind these difficulties seem to be the improper generalizations of students. Moreover, the different representations of the fundamental equations in the various textbooks were also seen as the reason for the difficulties students encountered.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">573–582 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eija Yli-Panula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eila Matikainen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS AND STUDENT TEACHERS´ ABILITY TO NAME ANIMALS IN ECOSYSTEMS: A PERSPECTIVE OF ANIMAL KNOWLEDGE AND BIODIVERSITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finnish student teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower and upper secondary education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523911.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this survey Finnish lower and upper secondary education students´ and student teachers´ (n=514) knowledge of the animal names (species) in relation to ecosystems was studied using a questionnaire. The results were interpreted with regard to the biodiversity of the ecosystem. Nordic fen, spruce-dominated coniferous forest, tropical rainforest, and savannah were studied. The respondents were aware of animals living in the four ecosystems, especially of mammals and birds. The animals of the indigenous Nordic fen were the least known, as evidenced by the low average number of the names and the highest number of falsely named animals. Furthermore, the animals of the savannah were the best known by the students in lower and upper secondary education, while the animals of the spruce-dominated coniferous forest were best known by student teachers. The invertebrates were nearly forgotten from all ecosystems, although they are an essential part of biodiversity and food chain/web. Research results show that students’ knowledge of the animals in relation to their autecological matters should be improved in all information sources provided.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">559–572 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erika Homoki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">László Sütő</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDYING THE PUBLIC OPINION OF GEOGRAPHY AS A SUBJECT AND ITS KNOWLEDGE ELEMENTS: A CASE OF HUNGARY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education of geography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge of geography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523549.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite the long history of the science of geography, its current educational position is uncertain. Meanwhile, it offers knowledge elements useful in everyday life, required for literacy in natural sciences. The subject is unique in giving information necessary for orientation in the social-economic field and reveals the relationship between the society and the environment. In Hungary the public educational requirements for a subject include the incorporation of social scientific results or the transfer of integrated knowledge founding such results. This requirement is met fully in the curriculum of geography, however, continuously decreasing the number of lessons reduces its efficiency. The questionnaire survey covering 1218 respondents focuses on the position of geography as a subject in public education and on the opinion regarding the knowledge it provides and assesses the depth of geography people have from what they learnt in school.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">508–522 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutlu Pinar Demirci Guler</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: A FOCUS GROUP STUDY ON TURKISH STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">focus group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science courses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811217.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to investigate primary school students' success and failure in science courses. The participants of the study included 24 students enrolled in the 8th grade of a secondary school and focus group interviews were held. It was observed in the study that the successful students focused more on science and mathematics classes, while the unsuccessful students did more on verbal classes. Considering the topics the successful group considered related to the science class, the students in the successful group focused on the knowledge that made their life easier and that they could use in their life, while the unsuccessful group paid more attention to the importance of the topic. Moreover, it was observed that both groups used similar learning strategies. According to the findings of the study, it can be claimed that the interest and the support of the family and social environment play an important role in success in science class. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">716-729</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bülent Cavas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamide Ertepinar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaye Teksoz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUSTAINABILITY IN SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION IN TURKEY: IN THE WORDS OF LECTURERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainability assessment questionnaire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university lecturers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523384.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">By means of its major contribution to the values, health and wellbeing of society, higher education has an important role for constructing a sustainable society. Schools of educations, however, have an important role for growing future teachers capable of making sustainable decisions and the ability to integrate sustainability into their lectures. Accordingly, this research has been designed to find out higher education institutions’ implementation and scholarly activities related to sustainability in the words of lecturers. The results have been obtained through the application of an adapted version of the Sustainability Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ). The sample of the study consisted of 7 schools of education in Turkey and 232 lecturers. Results showed that, sustainability concept has rarely been taught and the institutions do not include the concept either into their structure or the mission. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">469–482 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radka   Čudová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabina   Radvanová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Věra Čížková</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE TEACHERS’ OPINIONS AND REQUIREMENTS OF BIOLOGY SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science teaching (IBSE)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pupils/students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810384.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The problematic of science skills of pupils and students is important to investigate, due to decreasing of attitudes and knowledge of respondents. The presented results are part of bigger investigation, which included the investigation of chemistry, biology and geography teachers on the pupils/students skills. In the study are presented results for the biology part. The aim of research was to prepare, perform and evaluate a questionnaire research, which is based on the above mentioned proposal of biology skills and which investigates the opinions and requirements of lower secondary (ISCED 2) and secondary general (grammar) school (ISCED 3)� teachers on the biology skills of graduates from the lower secondary school� and graduates from grammar schools. A research sample consisted of two groups of teachers. The first group were teachers from lower secondary schools (n = 53) and the second group were teachers from secondary general (grammar) schools (n = 68). As a research tool was used a questionnaire with 4-point Likert type items. Inductive statistics was used for verification of hypotheses; specifically t-test was used for the determination of differences in the answers between lower secondary and grammar school teachers. Grammar school teachers achieved higher score in the majority of cases. The recommendations are mentioned in the conclusion part.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">579-591 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celeste   Ferreira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mónica   Baptista</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agnaldo Arroio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATING MULTIMEDIA TOOLS IN SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimedia tools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers’ knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425809563.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since the widespread introduction of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education the use of multimedia environments has increased substantially. This qualitative study analyse how teachers integrate multimedia tools into teaching and learning sequences (TLS) in science education. Four in-service teachers’ groups have been investigated across a 40 h teachers’ training course to analyse their pedagogical strategies and difficulties for introducing multimedia tools in science teaching. During the training program to discuss multimedia environments teachers (n=14) were invited to build teaching learning sequences (TLS) about some science content using multimedia tools. The results obtained through a content analysis suggest that these teachers are integrating multimedia tools mostly to enhance particular concepts and skills (integrated approach) than to innovate presentations (enhancement approach). In all cases teachers adopted structured tasks and in two of these they were not aware of the necessity to make explicit links between the multimedia tools and the other activities. Some difficulties related to pedagogical approaches and teachers’ knowledge are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">509-524 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali Gunay Balim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suat Turkoguz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ummuhan Ormanci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevinc Kacar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ertug Evrekli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erkan Ozcan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHERS’ VIEWS ABOUT PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING THROUGH CONCEPT CARTOONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept cartoons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem-Based Learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science and Technology Teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523317.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to examine the views of science and technology teachers towards concept cartoons integrated to problem-based learning. In this context, teachers’ views were compared before and after the experimental treatment of a project. Data was gathered through qualitative research methods. Participants of this study were science and technology teachers from 9 elementary schools in the city of Izmir in the 2011-2012 academic year. In the first step of the study, a 30-hour workshop including theoretical subjects, applications and experimental treatments about concept cartoons was presented to teachers. Then semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers. Following this workshop, teachers were requested to apply all these applications and experimental treatments. After the experimental applications, semi-structured interviews were conducted again with the same teachers. According to the findings, teachers indicated that problem-based learning modules to improve students’ critical thinking, inquiry learning skills and help them relate their knowledge to daily life. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">458–468 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uladzimir Slabin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING GENERAL CHEMISTRY WITH INSTRUCTOR’S SCREEN SHARING: STUDENTS’ OPINIONS ABOUT THE IDEA AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">screen sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Second Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skype</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811358.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knowing students' opinions about instructor's screen sharing via various media is important for developing online science courses including chemistry. This study examined university students’ opinions about the idea and the practice of instructor’s screen sharing via websites on example of join.me, VoIP-applications on example of Skype, and multi-user 3D virtual environments on example of Second Life. It was conducted during summer course of General Chemistry at University of Oregon College of Arts and Sciences in Eugene, USA, for two consecutive years, 2001 and 2012. The data were collected through an online 14-item 4-point Likert-type questionnaire and students’ reviews. It was found that students have primarily positive opinions about screen sharing regardless of their gender, major, residence, and employment status. Join.me was found to be the most and Second Life to be the least favored media for screen sharing. Students with higher final grades provided more positive opinions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">759-773</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aytekin Cokelez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burçkin Dal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonca Harman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TURKISH MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS AND MODELLING OF CHEMICAL BONDS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical bond</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intermolecular bond</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intramolecular bond</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modelling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523453.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purposes of this study were to identify students’ conceptions of chemical bonds and to determine, after instruction, the changes these conceptions undergo. The dataset for this study arises from an administered questionnaire that includes answers to three open–ended questions from 76 6th grade students and 56 7th grade students. Analysis of the qualitative data obtained through the questionnaire indicates that the majority of students had difficulty comprehending the modelisation of chemical bonds and that levels of interpreting these concepts of chemical bonds was much lower than what is required at the end of these different grades. The study showed that students have similar conceptions of bonding affinity expressed though a language of kinship and convenience, as used in 17th century. Additionally, the students’ conceptions also reflect the 18th century’ macro level concept of affinity expressed through the notion that likes attract.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">483–496 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebru   Öztürk-Akar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doğan   Doğan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TURKISH PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ VIEWS OF SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-SOCIETY: INFLUENCE OF A HISTORY OF SCIENCE COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science-technology-society</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">views of science-technology-society questionnaire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425811588.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research is conducted to explore the pre-service teachers’ views of science-technology-society (STS) issues and to investigate the influence of a History of Science (HOS) course on these views. The influence of teaching STS issues through different instructional approaches on the pre-service teachers’ views was also examined. Sample is consisted of 93 pre-service teachers. 11 adapted items of Views of Science-Technology-Society (VOSTS) questionnaire (Aikenhead, Ryan &amp; Fleming, 1989) were administered. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Wilcoxon Sign-Test) were used to examine and compare pre-service teachers’ pre- and post-test responses. Findings revealed that the HOS course and the instructional approach did not have significant influences on the pre-service teachers’ STS views.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">793-802</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hakan Kurt</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TURKISH STUDENT BIOLOGY TEACHERS' CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURES AND SEMANTIC ATTITUDES TOWARDS MICROBES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microbe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semantic differential attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810489.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the current study is to investigate student biology teachers' cognitive structures related to &quot;microbe&quot;. The mixed research design was applied in this study. The data were collected from 44 student biology teachers. The free word-association test, the drawing-writing technique and the semantic differential attitude scale were used as data collection instruments. The data were subject to content analysis and divided into categories through coding. With the help of these categories, the cognitive structures of student biology teacher were explained. These categories were determined as definition of microbes, microbial variety and activity, immunity. It was determined that student biology teachers' semantic attitudes towards microbe were at a neutral level in terms of mean scores of all adjectives considered; however� based on each and every adjective, they mostly perceive microbes as infectious, contagious, and dirty. Moreover, the data collected through two data collection instruments indicated that student teachers had misconceptions about microbes considering the themes determined.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">608-639</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayşenur Yontar Toğrol</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TURKISH STUDENTS’ IMAGES OF SCIENTISTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Draw-A-Scientist Test (DAST)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">images of scientists</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425807961.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study analyses the drawings of scientists done by Turkish students, primarily to learn how the students have represented scientists and to find out the stereotypical images that they use. The drawings are compared with the results of a similar study conducted twelve years earlier by the same author. Gender characteristics and differences are a focus of interest. The Draw-a-Scientist Test (DAST) was used to record and analyse the images. The sample for the study consisted of 520 students from various grade levels. Their drawings are discussed in terms of three themes: the general use of standard indicators, gender differences in stereotypical images, and implications of the results for teaching and learning science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">289-299 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regina Soobard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UPPER SECONDARY STUDENTS` SELF-PERCEPTIONS OF BOTH THEIR COMPETENCE IN PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION MAKING AND REASONING WITHIN SCIENCE SUBJECTS AND THEIR FUTURE CAREERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career preferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perceived competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science subjects</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1447523864.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education is expected to play a major role in developing abilities of students and in conjunction with meaningful learning in science lessons, its impacting on students’ future careers. A three part instrument was composed, based on a review of relevant international literature plus competences emphasised in the Estonian curriculum, related to process operational thinking, gathering students’ perceptions of the science provision offered and students’ future career preferences. The study was carried out in November 2011 on grade 10 students (N=2217) and in April 2012 on grade 11 students (N=1821) from the same set of schools. Findings indicated that students’ perceived competence, despite grade, gender or school average examination results, was similar. Even more, students felt that Biology and Geography subjects focused more on skills development than Physics and Chemistry. As in previous studies, conducted at the lower secondary (grade 9) level, students indicated they were not interested in science related careers and preferred to seek employment in the field of social science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">544–558 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryszard M. Janiuk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USEFULNESS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL LEARNING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formal education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">out-of-school learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758324.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Out-of-school learning has been playing an increasingly important role in science education. It can be implemented in various ways and encompasses learning activities that take place outside normal lessons reserved for compulsory education. This form of education is typically not coordinated by the school itself and young people take part in it voluntarily. It resembles “outdoor education”, which is, however, more closely linked with meeting aims stemming from formal education. Since the learning activities used in both forms of education are similar, very often solutions and experiences in one form are transferred to the other.
One of the many advantages of out-of-school learning is the fact that is helps increase students’ interest in education by creating extra learning opportunities in the real world. It also makes it possible to discover gifted pupils and develop their talents. However, there is a major issue that needs to be investigated, which is how out-of-school learning influence students’ future actions and decisions concerning science education, bearing in mind that this form of education cannot replace formal education and can only support it. That is why scholars are conducting research with the aim of determining the impact of out-of-school activities on improving the learning of science, especially on outcomes such as achievement, interest in science, careers in science, self-efficacy, perseverance, and effort in learning science (Tran, 2011).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128-129</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saed   Sabah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hind   Hammouri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutasem   Akour</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VALIDATION OF A SCALE OF ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE ACROSS COUNTRIES USING RASCH MODEL: FINDINGS FROM TIMSS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">validity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425810820.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the present study was to validate a scale of attitudes toward science based on items and data of TIMSS 2007. The present research introduces several implications and recommendations for science education researchers who are interested in validating and using instruments to measure attitudes toward science. This research examined, from Rasch measurement perspectives, to what extent the scale was valid across diverse participating countries from Rasch measurement perspectives. The data of the highest three achieving countries (Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan), the lowest three achieving countries (Qatar, Botswana, and Ghana), and three average achieving countries (Australia, Scotland, and Italy) were analyzed using WINSTEPS software. Several Rasch analyses (e.g, fit statistics, PCA, and person/item map reliability analysis) were performed to validate the scale. Although most of the item fit the Rasch model, a few items were found to be misfitting. Then, the misfitting items were eliminated and a second analysis for the fitting eight items was performed to check on the validity of the scale. The results provided evidences that support the validity of the scale based on Rasch measurement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">692-702</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nihal Dogan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jale Cakiroglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kader Bilican</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seda Cavus</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHAT NOS TEACHING PRACTICES TELL US: A CASE OF TWO SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional development program</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425809032.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Translation of nature of science (NOS) views into teaching practice and the development of teachers’ NOS teaching are still open to investigation. Therefore, how teachers’ translation of NOS understanding into practice occurs and what extend science teachers are able to transform their understanding into explicit reflective NOS instruction have been issues still need to be further exploration. This study explored the impact of intensive nature of science summer workshop on science teachers’ views of NOS and their instructional practices. The current study was a case study of two middle school science teachers documenting their NOS views and instructional practice on NOS in the classrooms. Data resources included the VNOS-C; interviews and classroom observations. Participants made substantial improvements in their understandings of the targeted aspects of NOS as a result of their participation in professional development program. The study also showed that two of teachers translated their understanding of NOS in a certain degree into instructional practice.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">424-439 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meryem Selvi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADAPTATION INTO TURKISH OF THE PLANT ATTITUDE QUESTIONNAIRE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant attitude scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reliability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale adaptation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">validity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167776.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants are indispensable living elements of the world due to their role in sustaining of life. However, many studies have shown that in general children and adults’ knowledge and perceptions about plants are limited and they both find animals more interesting than plants. The purpose of this study was to adapt Plant Attitude Scale (PAS) developed by Fancovicova and Prokop (2010) into Turkish and to investigate the validity and reliability of the scale. Five hundred seventeen primary school students participated in the study. To determine the structural validity of PAS, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated for the dimensions of scale. Results of the study indicate that Turkish version of the PAS is valid and reliable for measuring attitudes toward plants.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175-183 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gregor Torkar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbara Bajd</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS (DIS) LIKING OF SOME ANIMAL SPECIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experiences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419169320.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes of students, in particular primary school and biology pre-service teachers, towards specific animals in order to determine principal reasons for (dis) liking them. The sample consisted of 309 university students. Two factors were extracted termed “pleasant animals” and “unpleasant animals”. “Unpleasant animals” were characterised by certain commonly perceived features such as being dirty, dangerous, distinctive and fear evoking while “pleasant animals” were typically beautiful, clean, pleasant to touch, intelligent and responsive. Students with more positive attitudes toward the Biology subject also expressed more positive attitudes toward animals, especially toward “unpleasant” animals. And students with more frequent exposure to natural environments had more positive attitudes to “pleasant animals”.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">393-402 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Erdoğan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Özel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saouma BouJaoude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Uşak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSMENT OF PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES REGARDING BIOTECHNOLOGY: A CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biotechnology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-cultural</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167090.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examines the level of knowledge of and attitudes toward biotechnology of preservice teachers from Lebanon, Lithuania, Slovakia and Turkey. Data were gathered from a total of 768 preservice teachers from these four countries. The Biotechnology Knowledge Questionnaire and the Biotechnology Attitude Questionnaire were used for data collection. Three-way MANOVA was conducted to analyze the cross-cultural data. The results revealed that preservice teachers’ knowledge of biotechnology in all four samples was below average. The results also demonstrated that there were significant differences in attitude towards biotechnology among preservice teachers in the four countries. In addition, significant gender differences were observed between male and females. Implications for teaching and further research are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78-93</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miro Puhek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matej Perše</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARISON BETWEEN A REAL FIELD TRIP AND A VIRTUAL FIELD TRIP IN A NATURE PRESERVE: KNOWLEDGE GAINED IN BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge gain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual field trip</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167662.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The research presents a case study in the scope of which real and virtual field trips have been compared. The emphasis was on determining the levels of knowledge gain effectiveness in the fields of biology and ecology. A pre-existing natural trail in the protected area of Maribor Island was chosen and digitized for the purposes of the study. During the development of the virtual trail, real fieldwork was simulated in order to ensure a valid comparison. In the spring of 2011, field exercise tests were conducted by means of a study sample consisting of 211 (8th grade) lower secondary school students.
The results have generally shown minute differences between the levels of knowledge acquisition effectiveness between both field trips. The results have also led to the conclusion that the students participating in the real field trip were more successful in their performance regarding the exercises they had been assigned, which included real objects serving as tools supporting the students in their observation and investigation endeavours. On the other hand, the students participating in the virtual field trip were more successful with regard to computer-assisted exercises, where they were able to access additional information on more complex processes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164-174 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali Kolomuç</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muammer Çalık</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A COMPARISON OF CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ AND GRADE 11 STUDENTS’ ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF ‘RATE OF REACTION’</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative Conception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grade 11 students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rate of reaction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168982.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to compare alternative conceptions of chemistry teachers and Grade 11 students on the subject of ‘rate of reaction’. This study was conducted with a total of seventy chemistry teachers and seventy two grade 11 students. To collect data, a ‘rate of reaction’ concept test comprising 9 lead and 10 sub-questions (in total 19 items) were employed. Also, a structured interview session was conducted with 10 chemistry teachers and 13 grade 11 students. Since the chemistry teachers and grade 11 students possessed similar alternative conceptions, it can be deduced that the chemistry teachers seem to have been principal source at transmitting their alternative conceptions to the grade 11 students. It is recommended that, a common database or website should be created to afford the current chemistry teachers to easily access to improved teaching materials and/or instruments in chemistry education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">333-346 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646165423.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">299</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646328284.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646244031.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">199</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646309039.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646328230.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646308982.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109-110</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646243937.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">197-198</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646165348.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">297-298</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slavica Šimić Šašić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Fančovičova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bilek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iztok Tomažič</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Erdogan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY OF PROSPECTIVE ELEMENTARY AND SCIENCE TEACHERS’ CREATIVITY STYLES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creativity styles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prospective elementary teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Science Teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168605.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1799 prospective teachers (596 males, 1203 females), enrolled in various departments (elementary school teaching and science teaching) in selected universities in Croatia, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Turkey, answered questionnaire on creativity styles. From the results of present study we can recognize that creativity potential of prospective elementary and science teachers is more on the adaptors’ side than on the side of innovators. The differences between prospective teachers, originating from different countries, study tracks and of different genders, even if statistically significant, are small (Cohen’s d below 0.2). From the perspective of the teacher educators it can mean that similar methods to enhance creativity can be used.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285-292 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY AS THE BASIC COMPONENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comprehensive school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific research activity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168032.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific research activity (SRA) in comprehensive school is not a new phenomenon. Similar actions have been paid attention at various stages of education. Changes in the quality and quantity of the current stage of society development show a different situation: the pace of life increases, the “turbulence” of the surroundings is observed, globalization and social and economical changes in various segments of society gain more power. At the moment, the education system in Lithuania and other countries is facing different changes. As for the reorganization of Lithuanian education system within the period of the last two decades, it seems to be an intensive and ambiguous process. Lithuania had to pose two fundamental challenges: first, to proceed from the so called “soviet” system of education the one based on national identity and experience, and second, to adapt the new system to the needs for modern society fully integrating the experience of international education. The adjustment of national and international components has remained the major problem of Lithuanian education system up to now.
SRA is obviously must be developed and reach an appropriate level in all comprehensive schools, including stages from the institution of pre-school education to upper-secondary school. Thus, three crucial moments must be considered:
• finding / discovering / involving students as young researchers;
• creating a system of educating students as young researchers;
• training the staff undertaking SRA for students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">200-202 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petar Jandric</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE DIFFUSIONIST-EVOLUTIONIST MODEL OF E-LEARNING DEVELOPMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diffusion of innovations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diffusionism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-learning development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evolutionism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transdisciplinary research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166989.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper explores development of the discipline of e-learning. It develops the evolutionist model of e-learning development and compares it with the diffusionist model of e-learning development. Using transdisciplinary research methodology, it develops the diffusionist-evolutionist model of e-learning development. The diffusionist aspect of the model concentrates to practical issues such as introducing e-learning into educational institutions. The evolutionist aspect of the model concentrates to theoretical issues such as comparative studies of historical developments. On such basis, the diffusionist-evolutionist model provides a single practical framework for describing small-scale and large-scale e-learning development. Following methodological restrictions, the diffusionist-evolutionist model does not reflect any natural principle. As a research principle, it only aims at improving our current descriptions of e-learning development.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67-77 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuna Gencosman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Doğru</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF STUDENT TEAMS-ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS TECHNIQUE USED IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION ON SELF-EFFICACY, TEST ANXIETY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic divisions techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student teams</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166833.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of teaching the &quot;Force and Motion&quot; unit of the Science and Technology class using the Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) technique on self efficacies, test anxiety and academic achievements of seventh grade students. The STAD technique was applied to the experiment group; the existing program based on constructivism to control-1 group, and traditional teaching methods to control-2 group. The analysis of the obtained data was achieved by using the one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). In conclusion, it was determined that the experiment group was more effective than the control groups in respect to self-efficacy and academic achievement. Moreover, significant improvements were obtained in the exam anxiety of the students in the experiment and control-1 groups compared to the group where traditional teaching methods were used.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43-54 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esra Bilal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Erol</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECT OF TEACHING VIA MODELING ON ACHIEVEMENT AND CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING CONCERNING ELECTRICITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electricity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168282.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, it is aimed to determine the effects of teaching via modeling on academic achievement and conceptual understanding concerning some selected undergraduate electricity topics. Dependent variables of the research are academic achievement and conceptual understanding. Academic success was measured by using Electricity Success Test and Electricity Classical Exam and conceptual understanding on the other hand was measured by using an Electricity Concept Test. A total number of 41 students attended the research, 21 of the students were in the modeling group and 20 of the students were in the control group. The study was carried out experimentally by means of pre test-post test research design. In conclusion it is found that teaching via modeling method meaningfully enhances the academic achievement and conceptual understanding.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">236-247 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esra Uçak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hüseyin Bağ</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PUPILS’ SELF EFFICACY TOWARDS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LESSON</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elementary school pupils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science and technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168087.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study is aimed at determining the 6th, 7th, 8th grade pupils’ level of self-efficacy towards Science and Technology lesson and also determining the levels of its sub-dimensions including confidence in Science and Technology lesson, the ability to cope with the difficulties in Science and Technology and the confidence in performing Science and Technology tasks. This study investigates whether there is a meaningful difference in elementary school pupils’ self-efficacy of Science and Technology and its sub-dimensions regarding variables such as gender, grade level, and the level of parents’ education, reading scientific books and watching scientific documentaries. With this aim, in this study “Personal Information Form” and “Science and Technology Lesson Self-Efficacy Scale” have been used. The sample of this study consists of 705 pupils. As a result of the study, it has been concluded that the elementary school pupils’ self-efficacy of Science and Technology and its sub-dimensions are at a high level (=agree level). In addition, while the elementary school pupils’ self-efficacy towards Science and Technology lesson differ in terms of grade, level of parents’ education and profession, reading scientific books and watching scientific documentaries variables, there hasn’t been found a meaningful difference for the gender variable.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">203-215 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646244104.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">293-296</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646165475.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">404-408</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646328329.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">103-108</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1646309098.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2012, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">194-196</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gregor Torkar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verena Koch</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FACTORS HINDERING TEACHERS FROM INTEGRATING NATURAL SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICS INTO HOME ECONOMICS COURSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">home economics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168132.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to examine the integration of natural sciences and mathematics into home economics teaching, particularly any factors hindering integration. Altogether 88 Slovenian home economics teachers were questioned. The results show that biology, consumer and health education were integrated into home economics courses more often than other subjects. Slovenian home economics teachers’ integration of other school subjects or topics depends mainly on their work experience and combination of subjects during their undergraduate studies. Another indicator, a negative one, was that our teachers didn’t know some relevant science and mathematics subject curricula and they are not enough competent in these sciences. This should be the first step in the future development of home economics teacher education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">216-223 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei-Zhao Shi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENDER, PERCEPTION OF LEARNING PHYSICS AND PERFORMANCE IN UNIVERSITY PHYSICS: A CASE STUDY FROM CHINA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perception of learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168380.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, the researcher has developed and validated an instrument focus on perception of learning physics, which builds on Maryland Physics Expectations survey (MPEX). It was administered to first-year university students in a Chinese university during the autumn semester of 2011. It was found that female students preferred physics learning by relating and by analysis, which were positively correlated to better performance in physics. Male students preferred physics learning by rote which was negatively correlated to performance in university physics. So physics learning perception differences based on the gender also exist in China. At the same time, no significant gender difference found on the performance in university physics. The results were similar to the studies in the Western countries and have pedagogical implications for instructors of university physics and potentially for other science courses.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267-274 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Ching Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen-Yuan Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF A SCIENCE MUSEUM INVOKED LEARNING ENVIRONMENT (SMILE) ON STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">earth science curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning Environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science museum teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419169083.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to develop an ESSMIM (Earth System-Science Museum Instructional Module) and evaluate its impacts on 11th grade high-school students’ expected and actual perceptions of a Science Museum invoked Learning Environment (SMiLE). The ESSMIM was designed following the principles of the “Earth System Education (ESE) learning cycle mode” (Chang, 2005): Engage, Explore, Analysis/Explain, as well as Apply and Evaluate. In terms of research design, a one group pretest posttest research design was adopted. The research subjects were a group of 11th grade students from a national senior high-school in Taiwan. Students’ expected and actual perceptions of SMiLE were investigated through the “SMiLE Inventory”. The results of this study showed that: (1) students’ scores, of expected SMiLE Inventory, both before and after the experimental teaching were higher than their actual SMiLE scores, (2) compared with previous actual experiences, ESSMIM created a SMiLE which was closer to students’ expectation, and (3) after experiencing the ESSMIM, the difference between students’ expectations and their actual experience of SMiLE was reduced.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">357-366 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naki Erdemir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Sami Topcu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF PRESENTATION GRAPHICS ON PRESERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHYSICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">presentation graphics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preservice Science Teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167504.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, the effects of presentation graphics on Preservice Science Teachers’ (PST) attitudes towards physics were investigated. The research was performed on two groups. While one group was an experimental group, another was a control group. The research was conducted in the context of an undergraduate-level physics course, and this course was taught to two groups. While the experimental group consisted of forty PST and was taught with presentation graphics as well as traditional lecturing method, the control group consisted of forty PST and was only taught with traditional lecturing method. The data were collected by means of a scale of attitudes towards physics. In light of the findings of the present research, it was concluded that the attitudes of the experimental group towards physics were much more improved positively than the control groups’ attitude toward physics after the treatment involving presentation graphics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141-152 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilgün Tatar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE LABORATORIES: AN ANALYSIS OF PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ABOUT LEARNING SCIENCE THROUGH INQUIRY AND THEIR PERFORMANCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inquiry-based instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">open inquiry activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168329.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study investigated the effects of inquiry-based instruction on preservice teachers’ beliefs concerning learning science through inquiry and their performance to apply a scientific inquiry process. A case study design was used in the study and the data were collected through interviews, observations and written documents. Two preservice teachers with different experiences in their previous science education were selected. The preservice teachers learnt both science and scientific inquiry process through open inquiry activities. The results of the research show that past experiences of preservice teachers are effective on beliefs about learning science through inquiry. The open inquiry science activities which allow preservice teachers’ making discussion, collaboration, and interaction were effective in developing their beliefs concerning learning science through inquiry and increasing their ability to apply a scientific inquiry process. The overall findings indicate that inquiry-based activities should frequently be a preferred instruction method in preservice teacher education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">248-266 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gokhan Bas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INVESTIGATING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR ACADEMIC SUCCESS IN SCIENCE COURSE WITH PATH ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Constructivist learning environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">correlation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elementary students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science course</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419169197.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the perceptions on the constructivist learning environment and academic success of elementary students in science course with structural equation modelling. The correlative investigation model was adopted in the research. The sample of the research consisted of 195 students from six public elementary schools, chosen according to random sampling method. In order to answer the research question, “The constructivist learning environment survey” (Taylor, Fraser &amp; Fisher, 1997) was used in the study. Also, the data in relation with students’ academic success in science course were gathered from their school report cards regarding the spring semester. In this research, LISREL 8.51 structural equation software was used in model establishing by using the observed variables. According to the findings obtained in the research, it was found out that the compatibility index results of the constructed equation model, the model-data compatibility was found out to be high enough [χ2/df=1.46; GFI=0.86; CFI=0.93; RMSEA=0.048; RMR=0.078; SRMR=0.056; NFI=0.81; NNFI=0.92] in the research. In the regression equa¬tion, it was found out that the variable best predicting students’ academic success in science course was the variable personal relevance in relation to the constructivist learning environment. On the other hand, it was understood that all five predictor variables that were included in the regression equation account for 76% of the overall variance of the academic success in science course in the research.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">367-378 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hakan Y. Atar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burcu Atar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INVESTIGATING THE MULTILEVEL EFFECTS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES ON TURKISH STUDENTS’ SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENTS ON TIMSS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HLM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167414.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two-level hierarchical linear modelling was used to analyse data obtained from TIMSS 1999 database to examine the effect of inquiry-based learning on science achievement of eighth-grade students in Turkey. The influence of teachers’ emphasis on scientific reasoning and problem solving and availability of school resources for science instruction on inquiry-based learning and science achievement slopes were also examined. At the student-level, overall plausible values were used as the outcome variable whereas gender, availability of home educational resources, attitude toward science, and inquiry-based learning were predictor variables. At the school level, there were two predictor variables: teachers’ emphasis on scientific reasoning and problem solving and availability of school resources for science instruction. While statistically significant and negative relationship was found between inquiry-based learning and within-school science achievement, there were nonsignificant effects of school-level predictors on inquiry-based learning and science achievement slopes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">115-126 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johannes-Geert Hagmann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Ta Chien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chung-Wen Cho</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEVERAGING EDUCATIONAL PATHWAY TO BRIDGE IN-SCHOOL AND OUT-OF-SCHOOL SCIENCE LEARNING: A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGNS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational pathways</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning environments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-formal learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online learning resources</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168481.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A short look on any science center or science museum website reveals that significant amounts of online educational resources have been developed in recent years. However, how can the non-formal online learning resources of science centers/museums support learning activities inside schools? This study leverages the educational pathway of energy resources, designed by the European Open Science Resources project and the Deutsches Museum, to develop in-school learning activities. This research explores the impact of different instructional approaches incorporating the educational pathway, including the Self-Guided Educational Pathway (SGEP) and Teacher-Guided Educational Pathway (TGEP), on Taiwanese high-school students’ science learning outcomes. The results indicate that the TGEP approach provides students significantly higher knowledge gains than the SGEP approach. Moreover, the TGEP approach significantly maintained students’ positive attitudes toward science learning, museum learning, and online museum learning than did the SGEP approach. The results are discussed in terms of both pedagogical designs and the social culture of Eastern Asia.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">275-284 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maija Nousiainen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAKING CONCEPT MAPS USEFUL FOR PHYSICS TEACHER EDUCATION: ANALYSIS OF EPISTEMIC CONTENT OF LINKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept maps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166729.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In physics teacher education the use of graphical knowledge representation tools like concept maps are abundantly used because they are known to support the formation of organised knowledge. It is widely assumed that certain structural characteristics of concept maps can be connected to the usefulness of content. In order to study this relationship, the concept maps made by pre-service physics teachers are examined here. The design principles of the concept maps are based on quantitative experiments and modelling as the basic procedures in physics concept formation. The epistemic plausibility of justifications written in links is evaluated by using a four-level classification introduced here. The results show that the epistemic analysis of links affects remarkably to the acceptability of knowledge. The advantages of such concept mapping technique in supporting the conceptual understanding in physics teacher education are discussed as well as their usefulness in making plans for teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-42 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamby Subahan Mohd Meerah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohd Fairuz Ahmad Harail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lilia Halim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MALAYSIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS BIOTECHNOLOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biotechnology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">survey</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167606.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research is to investigate secondary students’ knowledge and attitude towards biotechnology and its application. A questionnaire was administered to 214 (16 years old) students who are either taking Biology or General Science. The questionnaire contained 15 items measuring students’ knowledge and also 28 items measuring students’ attitude towards biotechnology. The students’ level of knowledge is high but limited only to medical issues. Students showed positive attitude towards biotechnology applications that are related to medical and economic purposes. However, students are unaware of ethical issues related to biotechnology applications. The t-test showed that there was no significant difference of students’ knowledge of biotechnology in terms of gender. However, there was a significant difference in terms of students’ attitude towards biotechnology between Biology and General Science students. These findings serve as initial input of Malaysian secondary students’ knowledge and attitudes towards biotechnology and its application.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153-163 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE MEANING OF AND NEED FOR “INQUIRY BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION (IBSE)”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific thinking skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166507.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is clear from many studies that European students’ interest in science, mathematics and technology has been declining while their grade levels have increased. Another alarming issue for Europe is recruitment of students for science and technology related careers. According to the ROSE Project results, extremely few girls wish to become scientists, and even for boys the percentage is low. And in Europe, around 50% of boys gave a positive response to the question: “I would like to get a job in technology”, but very few girls indicated that they would like to pursue such a career option (Sjoberg and Schreiner, 2010). These kinds of results from project reports highlight the urgent need for more effective action on the teaching and learning of science in schools. 
According to a report published by the European Commission, the science education community mostly agrees that pedagogical practices based on inquiry-based methods are more effective for the teaching and learning of science. However, the reality of classroom practice is that in the majority of European countries, these methods are only being implemented by relatively few teachers (Rocard et al, 2007). The report continues to explain the advantages of inquiry based science education (IBSE) and the recommendations clearly promote the use of IBSE for the teaching and learning of science in Europe.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reijo Byman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalle Juuti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veijo Meisalo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATIONS IN PHYSICS LEARNING: A SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivational orientations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multilevel confirmatory factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-determination theory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419169253.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The first objective of the present study was to test the factorial validity of the inventory designed to measure students’ motivation to study physics in school. Based on self-determination theory (SDT), it was hypothesised that the four factors of External Regulation, Introjected Regulation, Identified Regulation and Intrinsic Motivation account for the covariances among the items of the inventory. It was also expected that gender moderates the factorial validity of the inventory. A sample of 3626 Finnish comprehensive school students was used. A multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MLCFA) was used to investigate the fit of the hypothesised four-factor model. The second objective of the present study was to investigate different educational correlates of the four motivation factors. Girls had a statistically higher mean score than did boys for all four factors. Otherwise only minor gender differences were found. Implications for physics teaching are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379-392 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deborah Chetcuti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Pace</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PORTFOLIOS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: THE TEPEE PROJECT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning and assessment in environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">portfolio assessment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166612.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teaching and assessment in Environmental Education (EE) is rather complex because it needs to address the learners’ ability to ask questions, solve problems, and develop positive values. Portfolio assessment is a holistic way to evaluate the growth and development of skills and values in EE by providing a cumulative record of work carried out by students in a variety of contexts and allowing students to reflect on the process of how their views and values change. The main aim of this paper was to discuss the process of the development and implementation of a European Portfolio for Environmental Education by TEPEE (Towards a European Portfolio for Environmental Education) Network, within seven European countries. The paper narrates the development and implementation of EPEE through the eyes of the TEPEE scientific committee coming from the seven partner countries. Their views about the advantages and disadvantages of the use of portfolios within the context of EE were collected by means of questionnaires using open-ended questions. The results of the study suggest that the main advantage of using portfolio assessment is that it provides a holistic picture of the learning and growth of students in different contexts and situations. The major asset was the enthusiasm and motivation it raised among the teachers using it. The major difficulty was trying to change the assessment culture of teachers who were used to more traditional forms of assessment.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16-28 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şafak Uluçınar Sağır</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE AND ANXIETY TOWARDS SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anxiety towards science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude towards science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167461.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, the relationships between the attitudes and anxieties of 6th, 7th and 8th grade students about science have been examined. The data have been gathered from a personal data form, anxiety towards science and attitude towards science questionnaires. The effects of such factors, as obtaining assistance with science and technology from outside the classroom, age, gender, class level, school-type variables have been investigated according to their impact on the attitudes and perceptions of the students towards science, and on their anxiety towards science. It has been found that when the students received science-related assistance, it caused significant differences in their attitudes toward science and related anxieties, yet there was no significant difference in terms of gender. Moreover, school-type and class level affect students' attitudes and anxieties towards science. It is believed that increasing the positive science attitudes of the students and decreasing their anxiety will improve success.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127-140 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A PROBLEM OF SCIENCE LITERACY ENCOUNTERED BY PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AND LEARNERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168819.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education is one of the key areas of general education in comprehensive school (Lamanauskas, 2009). The major argument for defining the relevancy of the introduced subject is the universality and integrity of science education. For the last two decades, particularly this field of education has faced a number of different changes in the majority of countries: variations in the content of education, search for efficient forms and methods of teaching, innovative approaches, etc. are only a few questions that must be properly discussed.
Thus, to meet the needs of all students and society, in terms of science education (competencies), the system of training/preparing science teachers, particularly that of primary school teachers (educational curricula, organization and content of pedagogical practice, etc.), must be upgraded. The evaluation of a number of parameters discloses that the science literacy of primary school teachers is not sufficient (for example, teachers frequently avoid trips to nature because have a poor knowledge of local natural area, have no skills at using special instruments, etc.).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300-301 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatih Önder</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinar Çelik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">İlhan Silay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION ON THE TURKISH ADAPTATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE INVENTORY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">confirmatory analyses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">exploratory analyses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychometric evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific attitude inventory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166561.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to adapt Scientific Attitude Inventory-II into Turkish and to examine its factor structure. The English and Turkish versions of the scale were tested out on the students in the Department of English Language Teaching (N=40) at Dokuz Eylul University a week apart and a high degree of correlation was found between the scores of the two applications. Then Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted with the data collected from 292 students in order to examine the factor structure of the scale. Following the CFA, 12, 6, 3 and 1 factor structures did not fit the data. When Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted with the same data set, it was determined that the items in the scale could be grouped under four factors. The scale was tested out on different 255 students and CFA was conducted again. After the CFA, the four-factor structure was found to be adequate fit with the data.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-15 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sebastian Szyjka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frackson Mumba</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PSYCHOMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE INQUIRY SCIENCE TEACHING STRATEGIES (ISTS) INSTRUMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards inquiry-based science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evaluation of psychometric properties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instrument development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166892.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study re-evaluated the psychometric properties of the 40-item Inquiry Science Teaching Strategies instrument [ISTS] (Lazarowitz &amp; Lee, 1976). The ISTS was administered to 201 elementary pre-service teachers at a university in the Midwest of United States during the 2009-2010 school terms. Initial CFA results failed to confirm the 3-factor structure of the original ISTS. A statistically significant goodness-of-fit statistic (χ² [737, N = 201] = 1394.61, p = 0.00) supported by two fit indices (GFI = 0.69, CFI = 0.45) indicated non-tenability of the measurement model. Subsequent PCA retained half of the components under an obliquely rotated 3-factor solution. Following the removal of 22 items, final CFA indicated non-tenability under slightly improved fitting (χ² [132, N = 201] = 236.93, p = 0.00, GFI = 0.88, CFI = 0.83). It is recommended that existing items be revised and new ones appended using Exploratory Factor Analysis with a different sample.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-66 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namudar İzzet Kurbanoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Akin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ANXIETY, CHEMISTRY ATTITUDES, AND SELF-EFFICACY: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic chemistry anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">path analysis and self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419169031.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between organic chemistry anxiety, chemistry attitudes, and self-efficacy. Participants were 368 sophomore undergraduate students. In this study, the Organic Chemistry Anxiety Scale (O-CAS), the Chemistry Attitudes Scale, and the Self-efficacy Scale were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling was utilized to determine the relationships between organic chemistry anxiety, chemistry attitudes, and self-efficacy. In correlation analysis, organic chemistry anxiety was found negatively (r=-0.52) related to chemistry attitudes and self-efficacy (r=-0.36). According to path analysis results, chemistry attitudes were predicted positively (β=0.44) and organic chemistry anxiety predicted negatively (β= -0.16) by self-efficacy. Also chemistry attitudes predicted organic chemistry anxiety in a negative way (β=-0.44). The results were discussed in the light of literature.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">347-356 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinar Cavas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yasemin Ozdem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmae</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamide Ertepinar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESEARCH TRENDS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF JOURNAL OF BALTIC SCIENCE EDUCATION: A CONTENT ANALYSIS FROM 2002 to 2011</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167167.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main aim of this research is to analyse ten volumes of Journal of Baltic Science Education (JBSE) according to the authors’ nationality and research topics of the articles published in the journal between 2002 and 2011. The journal published ten volumes, 27 issue and 166 articles since 2002. The articles were submitted by 343 authors from 31 countries. Statistical analyses show that the authors from Turkey are ranking highest in terms of the number of published papers. Latvia and Lithuania follow Turkey as second and third countries. The study found out that the articles regarding learning-conception, teaching, learning-context and goals, policy and curriculum most frequently investigated by the researchers. However, in 2002-2011, there is no article related to informal learning. The researchers gave less attention to cultural, social and gender issues when compared other research topics in the scope of JBSE.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94-102</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adriana Tafrova-Grigorova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elena Boiadjieva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iliya Emilov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milena Kirova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS CONSTRUCTIVIST ENVIRONMENT: A BULGARIAN CASE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivist environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers Pedagogical Philosophy Interview</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167821.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present study addresses the pedagogical philosophy of secondary science teachers in Bulgarian schools. Information on science teachers’ methods of teaching and learning has been gathered by an interview protocol consisting of six open-ended questions, with a numerical scoring analysis: Teachers Pedagogical Philosophy Interview. The results report that the majority of Bulgarian teachers surveyed rank in the middle of the scale which is an indication that they blend teacher-centred and student-centred style of instruction. A previous our research based on a different survey instrument led to similar conclusions. In addition, the survey reveals that teachers show attitudes to change their teaching methods and classroom practices towards the constructivist approach.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">184-193 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eylem Yıldız Feyzioğlu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS AS BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTRUCTIVIST-BASED EDUCATION REFORM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teacher beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teaching Science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168866.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new Science and Technology program had been applied in Turkey since 2005. Constructivism has been the predominant influence on the program. Accordingly, science teachers are expected to have beliefs that are consistent with constructivism. However, the question of “what are the Turkish science teachers’ beliefs” is important because, the success of the program is dependent upon the teachers’ beliefs. This paper reports on the investigation of the science teachers’ beliefs about teaching science, learning science and managing behavior problems and any relationships among these belief systems. Data were collected through interviews with 18 science teachers. Results indicated that most of the science teachers held transitive beliefs about teaching science, and traditional beliefs about learning science and managing behavior problems. While teachers with 1-10 years experiences held a constructivist belief, this belief gave way to traditional belief as the teaching experience advanced. Beliefs of teachers were both interrelated and nested.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302-317 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharareh Majidi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STRUCTURAL PATTERNS AND REPRESENTATION FORMS OF UNIVERSITY PHYSICS TEACHERS: BIOT-SAVART LAW AND AM-PÈRE’S LAW</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept maps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge organization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">representation forms</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168925.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The way teachers organize and transfer their subject matter knowledge has played a crucial role in science education. However, it seems that more attention should be paid on the forms of represen-tation and knowledge organization of teachers that they apply for transferring their knowledge. Therefore, teachers’ knowledge organization and representation forms were investigated with an emphasis on the topics of Biot-Savart law and Ampère’s law. Four physics teachers of introductory-level University who used, concept cards and concept maps were interviewed, and finally an interpretative analysis was performed. The results showed teachers’ knowledge organization was strongly connected only for the topic of Biot-Savart law. Moreover, descriptive and explanatory mathematical models were the most applied forms of representation that teachers used for representing their knowledge. The possibility to recognize the differences in knowledge organization and representation forms of different teachers is the first step towards developing more effective teaching and learning solution.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318-332 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutlu Pinar Demirci Guler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozlem Afacan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A STUDY ON DEVELOPING A BEHAVIOUR SCALE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">behaviour scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable environmental education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419168178.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability is a term that presented itself especially in the late 1970s, when there was a considerable increase in environmental problems. In general, it can be defined as satisfying the present requirements with a consideration into future needs without using up natural resources. It is clear that education is part of the process of achieving it. Accordingly, sustainable environmental education includes enabling individuals to gain an awareness of environmental issues, to attain certain values and attitudes, and to adopt positive behaviours. 
The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale regarding sustainable environmental education. The study was implemented on a total of 409 prospective teachers at Ahi Evran University. It was based on the 5-point Likert scale and consisted of 29 items. The data were transferred to the SPSS 15.0. Afterwards, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the data. The analysis yielded that the scale had three dimensions. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scale was found to be 0.944.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">224-235 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agnaldo Arroio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VISUALIZATIONS FOR NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching and learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visualization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167360.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motivation, to be successful, and Natural Science Education is no exception in this context should have to rely on a rich repertoire of experiences on which to build conceptual learning by students. These experiences could pave the way to making meaning of them, which in turn supports learning. It also helps to entertain, create or re-create a sense of wonder, which becomes an authentic incentive for learning.
Nowadays, we can consider the visualization aids and high performance computing have changed the nature of science research and have the promise to transform natural science instruction. As the amount of information acquired through visual tool multiplies, the ability to understand, evaluate, and produce visual representations have become increasingly important in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112-114 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sebastian P. Szyjka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frackson Mumba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kevin C. Wise</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE OF ATTITUDE TOWARD STATISTICAL GRAPHS FOR USE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">confirmatory factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">line graphing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teacher attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547797.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study describes the modification of an instrument originally developed for measuring attitudes towards statistical graphs to instead measure elementary pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards line graphs in science. As a result of context-modification and in utilizing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the finalized instrument comprises 32-items that incorporate constructs of enjoyment, confidence, usefulness and learning preferences. The revised instrument was found to exhibit adequate ranges of internal consistency and reliability. Based on a variety of completed analyses, the revised instrument appears to have maintained original psychometric fidelity and is recommended for use as an assessment of pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards line graphs in science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">261-276</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George Vorvilas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thanassis Karalis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DESIGNING LEARNING OBJECTS: A GENRE-BASED APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content objects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning objects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimodal macrogenres</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rhetorical structure theory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410008579.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the present paper, a genre-based conceptual framework for interpreting and designing content for learning objects is proposed. Learning objects are considered here as multimodal macrogenres. These macrogenres are constituted of content objects which are in fact types of digital microgenres. The successful and coherent information linking of these content objects inside a LO can be achieved through particular rhetorical relations. The knowledge of the several types of digital microgenres as well as the rhetorical relations between them, can equip an author/teacher with a repertoire of semiotic concepts, which make him capable of interpreting already made material, as well as creating new and coherent material, in order to affect and motivate students in particular ways, through his intended communicative and educational purposes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114-126 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huseyin Akkus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hakki Kadayifci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basri Atasoy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A TWO-TIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST TO ASSESS SECONDARY STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative Conception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical equilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">two-tier multiple choice test</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547169.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to develop a two-tier multiple choice test to detect tenth grade high school students’ conceptual understanding related to chemical equilibrium. In the development of the test the steps described by Treagust (1988) were used. The test was prepared for the purpose of detecting students’ conceptual understanding in topics like approach to equilibrium, equilibrium state, changes in the equilibrium conditions, addition of inert gas and catalyst. The test was administered to 102 tenth grade students. The internal validity coefficient of Cronbach alpha was 0.903. Difficulty indices ranged from 0.20 to 0.93, and discrimination indices ranged from 0.19 to 0.89. Each item was analyzed to determine student understanding and identify alternative conceptions about, chemical equilibrium concept. Results of the test suggested students did not acquire a satisfactory understanding of chemical equilibrium concepts and 25 common students’ alternative conceptions were identified through analysis of test items.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146-155 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIFFERENT WAYS OF DESCRIBING EXPECTED STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning outcomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405173157.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The best way of describing what and how a teacher should teach science or what a student should learn in a national level curriculum is not self-evident. Descriptions of “learning outcomes” are increasingly used and have been considered as an important basis for the quality of science education. However, there are variations in the descriptions and also whether they are written as a form of teacher behaviour or as a form of student learning. For example, in the UK the descriptions in the beginning of 1990 in the National Curriculum were written in the form of what students should learn. But the policy has changed and the new curriculum will describe what topics a teacher should introduce to students.
In Europe, the Bologna Process has put the focus on learning outcomes in terms of this concept being a “common language” to describe the curricula in countries throughout the world. The general idea behind transforming the educational aims into the form of learning outcomes is to enhance transparency and accountability of learning outcomes, and to increase the quality of learning. Moreover, the description of learning outcomes of a learning sequence is assumed to enable learners to have an active role in the learning process alongside their teachers. Learning outcomes are typically described in a way they could be used or modified for assessment criteria and for designing items for national level external examinations. Therefore, use of learning outcomes has a direct link to teacher and national level assessment.
Several countries, like the UK, Germany and Finland, are preparing or are planning to prepare in the near future national level curricula. It will be interesting to follow how different demands, like quality assurance, EU harmonising policy, research on teaching, learning and assessment, are realised in 2010 or 2020 curricula.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIGITAL EDUCATION: SOME IMPLICATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital teaching aids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital teaching and learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational practice</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547530.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years education space is saturated with various discussions and thoughts about the so-called digital teaching and learning. New technologies consistently and rather aggressively keep penetrating into educational practice. Therefore, we have to discuss in essence the urgent problems of digital teaching, to analyse the emerging challenges both for the teachers and students. On the other hand, it would be impossible to single out any one age group people. It is urgent both for the pupils and teachers of comprehensive schools and for the teachers and students of higher schools. However, it can be basically asserted, that for younger students these questions are much more urgent. Their experience in the sphere of new technologies is varied and at the same time inadequate to current teaching and learning practice. Let’s say, not a small part of today’s youth use the services of various social networks such as, Facebook, Twitter and other. The problem is that very often we don’t know or poorly know what the educational meaning and use of such services is. Moreover, how to effectively use new technologies which are actively used by the pupils, in educational sense? Sometimes an impression is made that existing educational practice reacts unwillingly to such challenges. It is obvious, that a rather sudden shift takes place in the system “classical pedagogy” – “online pedagogy”, isn’t it? There is also another shift in the system that is closely related with this shift, “from teaching to learning”. It can be confidently asserted, that the latter shift is considerably overestimated and groundlessly given too much importance. Effective and productive learning is not possible without a proper teaching. These are two education system elements which are closely interrelated and influence each other. Only the weight of these elements differs in certain age periods. Therefore, a narrow and primitive interpretation of this shift is not acceptable. After all, in real educational practice also the third significant shift occurs, or more exactly, problem situation in the system “digital activities” – “non-digital activities is observed. How to keep a proper balance?</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">216-218 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özlem Sadi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jale Cakiroglu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF HANDS-ON ACTIVITY ENRICHED INSTRUCTION ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hands-on activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410008481.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of hands-on activity enriched instruction on sixth grade students’ achievement and attitudes toward science. In this study, Science Achievement Test and Science Attitude Scale were used to assess students’ achievement on sense organs and students’ attitudes toward science respectively. Two teachers with four classes and total of 140 sixth grade students were participated in this study. One class of each teacher was assigned as experimental group and treated with hands-on activity enriched instruction and other class was assigned as control group and treated with traditional instruction. The Science Achievement Test and the Science Attitude Scale were administered twice as pre-test and after three week treatment period as a post-test to both experimental and control groups to measure students’ achievement and attitudes. Multivariate Analyses of Covariance (MANCOVA) results revealed that hands-on activity enriched instruction were more effective than traditional instruction. However, the statistical results failed to show a significant difference between the experimental and control groups’ attitudes toward science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87-97 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Ambrožič Dolinšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iztok Tomažič</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franc Janžekovič</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EMOTIONS EXPRESSED TOWARD GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AND PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetically modified organisms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405173429.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active student-centered instructional methods bring more emotion into science teaching, especially in the case of socioscientific issues, like research on and usage of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). We tested the strength of ten basic emotions (fear, anger, joy, disgust, sadness, shame, contempt, guilt, surprise and interest) toward different GMOs. Students expressed high levels of interest, surprise and joy towards GMOs, emotions that could be used as possible motivators to raise the level of interest in Science. Students do not express an equal level of negative emotions toward GMOs as a general category, but take a standpoint towards each item or practice separately. Knowing this, the teacher can choose list of GMOs ranked from more acceptable to the least acceptable GMOs, to avoid any obstruction of reasoning toward GMOs based on strong negative emotions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53-64 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Cakir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING MENDELIAN GENETICS CONCEPTS USING A GUIDED COMPUTER-MEDIATED INQUIRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hypothesis testing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling in science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547216.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to situate prospective secondary science teachers in an authentic scientific investigation, that of hypothesis testing of inheritance patterns of cats, and then to examine prospective teachers’ developing understandings of basic Mendelian genetics, scientific inquiry, and their perceptions of the learning environment. The context of the study was a teaching and learning course focused on inquiry and technology. Data obtained from the twelve participants included: a) pre-post tests of Mendelian genetics concepts; b) videotaped class presentations; c) inquiry project reports; d) audio taped semi-structured interviews; and e) classroom discussions and observations. The findings suggest that engagement in hypothesis testing, within a socio-constructivist framework; can be used to support the integrated acquisition of conceptual knowledge in science. After the module, there was clear evidence that inquiry-based instruction, enriched with computer simulation and collaboration, promoted students’ conceptual understanding of Mendelian genetics and understandings of scientific inquiry.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">156-167 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredrik Jeppsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesper Haglund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helge Strömdahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLOITING LANGUAGE IN TEACHING OF ENTROPY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">entropy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metaphor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermodynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405173307.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The words disorder, information, freedom and spreading are used as metaphors and analogies in science teaching to capture the scientific qualitative sense of entropy. In addition, the identification of entropy with the everyday conception of heat has been proposed. While physical sciences are regarded as exact disciplines, in which terms have precise definitions, the words being used in the qualitative interpretation of entropy have many senses. This may provide an obstacle to achieving a scientific understanding of entropy. In this study, the metaphors for entropy and seeing entropy as heat were analysed by use of the different entries for the words in a dictionary. The present paper is a contribution to highlighting the importance of making any metaphors and analogies and their benefits and limitations explicit.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-35</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Erdogan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GOOD PREDATORS IN BAD STORIES: CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON OF CHILDREN’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS WOLVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predators</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547670.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study 103 children (aged 7 – 12 years) from two distinct countries with relatively low (Slovakia) and high (Turkey) wolf population density were interviewed to examine children's overall interest in wolves, their knowledge of wolves, the effects of their keeping pets and their reading stories about wolves. Children in both countries showed considerable factual knowledge about wolves, but the importance of wolves in nature was poorly understood. Perceptions of wolves in stories were generally negative and there was a significant effect from stories which generated fear and sympathy towards wolves suggesting that stories may have a significant impact on children's emotions. Turkish children reported their experience with less drastic stories about wolves and their interest in wolves was significantly higher and their fear of wolves was conversely lower, compared to the reactions of Slovakian children. The more the students were engaged in nature related activities, e.g. watching natural history films and walking in areas of nature, the less they demonstrated fear of wolves.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">229-242 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asuman Seda Saracaloglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilal Aktamis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yesim Delioglu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS ON SCIENTIFIC ARGUMENTATION TRAINING AND ON THEIR ABILITY TO CONSTRUCT AN ARGUMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">written argument</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547733.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a learning environment created to teach scientific argumentation on the development of critical thinking and argument skills among prospective teacher. The study included 88 2nd grade university students attending Aydin Province Adnan Menderes University, Department of Elementary School Education. An experimental and control group design was used and activity sheets were prepared to develop argument skills in accordance with the topic of “Mechanics”. The results of the present study showed that the critical thinking skills among prospective teachers included in the learning environment were higher in comparison to those in the control group, and that critical thinking post-test scores did not show a significant difference by gender in either group. It was also concluded that the learning environment used in the study had a positive effect on the quality of written scientific arguments of prospective teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243-260 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Laius</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACT ON STUDENT CHANGE IN SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY AND SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC REASONING SKILLS FROM TEACHER COLLABORATION AND GAINS FROM PROFESSIONAL IN-SERVICE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service courses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">role of science teachers’ professional change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STL teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410008629.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examines the impact on 9th grade students’ change in socio-scientific reasoning and scientific creativity skills as a result of their science teachers’ professional change, as a result of participating in longitudinal in-service courses. Eight chemistry and four biology teachers participated in two consecutive intervention studies, each running for 8 months, both designed to guide teachers on promoting the level of scientific literacy in their students. During the in-service courses, the teachers created teaching materials for 4 integrative teaching modules and taught their students using a designed STL teaching approach. The students’ development was determined in terms of scientific creativity and socio-scientific reasoning skills, as indicators of scientific literacy gains, with an initial pre-test in the fall of the school year and a post-test in the spring after the STL intervention. The results of the study revealed that the degree of teachers’ professional level in promoting problem solving and decision making teaching and its impact on student gains, as well as the number of teachers collaborating together in the teaching within a school, had a significant impact on their students’ improvement in skills associated with socio-scientific reasoning and scientific creativity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127-137 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yilmaz Kara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salih Cepni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INVESTIGATION THE ALIGNMENT BETWEEN SCHOOL LEARNING AND ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS THROUGH ITEM ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment framework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum alignment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">large-scale examination</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410008425.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study presents findings collected from an analysis of Turkish Biology Curriculum Guidelines and of their alignment with the curricular outcomes and the Student Selection Examination (SSE) for higher education. The analysis was performed in multiple dimensions: content areas, learning outcomes in terms of scientific research and process skills (SRPS), science-technology-society-environment (STSE), communication competencies, attitudes and values (CCAV) and cognitive objectives. Webb’s (2007) alignment criteria were used to investigate the relationship between curriculum standards and assessment frameworks. In this process, the biology questions asked in the 2010 SSE were examined in detail by 10 biology teachers who have been teaching biology courses at secondary schools. Although alignment consistency was high according to the depth-of-knowledge (DOK) consistency and categorical concurrence criteria, the SSE questions and curriculum outcomes were not fully aligned considering the low consistency of range of knowledge and balance of representation criteria.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73-86 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharareh Majidi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terhi Mäntylä</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION IN PHYSICS TEXTBOOKS: A CASE STUDY OF MAGNETOSTATICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept maps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge organization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science textbooks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547886.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Textbooks often provide teachers and students a conception of how scientific knowledge is organized. Therefore, it is of interest to recognize what is the picture of knowledge conveyed by the textbooks. In this study, the knowledge organization in three university physics textbooks is analyzed from the viewpoint of how the basic elements in the topics of Biot-Savart and Ampère’s law are structurally linked. The method of analysis is based on the interpretative analysis, which (a) recognizes basic elements of knowledge and (b) identifies the categories of links that connect basic elements. Concept maps are used to represent knowledge organization of textbooks. The results indicate that content knowledge of textbooks consist of somehow identical basic elements but different categories of links and thus different knowledge organizations. The possibility to recognize these differences in the curriculum materials is a first step towards developing more effective teaching and learning solutions and curriculum plans.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285-299 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernardino J. Lopes</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PATHWAYS OF STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUALISATION DURING A PROBLEM SOLVING TASK: LESSONS FOR TEACHING PHYSICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptualisation pathway</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405173361.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to characterise the pathways of students’ conceptualisation during a problem solving task in order to understand the role of conceptualisation in conceptual learning and to identify salient points for the practice of teaching physics. The study took place in a Portuguese classroom with 15 physics students, all aged 17. The “global conceptualisation” emerged from this research as an important construct to explain how students mobilise their conceptual knowledge during a problem solving task Six other salient characteristics of the pathways of students’ conceptualisation were also identified. In addition, some conditions related to teaching which could help to improve students’ conceptualisation and conceptual learning were also uncovered. These results are discussed and are presented alongside conclusions about the focus and direction of teacher intervention.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36-52 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilge Taskin-Can</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PERCEPTIONS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS CONCERNING CONSTRUCTIVIST PERSPECTIVES TO TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education program</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547572.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preservice teachers begin their careers with their attitudes and perceptions about the profession. The purpose of this study is to identify how a four-semester teacher education program helps pre-service teachers’ perceptions about constructivist teaching and learning to change as they progress through the program. The participants of the study included a total of 194 science preservice teachers in four different semesters of their teacher preparation program. The instrument used in this study was the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES). One way ANOVA was used to identify patterns within cohorts regarding preservice teachers’ beliefs about constructivist strategies. Major findings indicated that although there were statistically different subscales of Shared Control and Critical Voice, in general preservice science teachers hold teacher centered beliefs. Based on these findings, it is possible to say that traditional teacher centered education have been carried on under the name of constructivism in Turkish teaching education programs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">219-228</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nejla Yürük</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PREDICTORS OF PRE-SERVICE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS’ ANXIETY ABOUT TEACHING SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perception of past experiences in science courses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405173257.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of the relationship between pre-service elementary teachers’ anxiety about teaching science and their self-efficacy beliefs about science teaching, their perceptions of the nature of their past experiences in science teaching, the number of science courses they took in college and their previous grades in these science courses. The data was collected from 82 pre-service elementary teachers enrolled in an M.Ed program. The results indicate that personal science teaching efficacy and number of science courses taken in college are the significant predictors of science teaching anxiety. Pearson correlations among the variables show that their perception of their experiences in science teaching, grade point average of science courses and perception of science background indirectly influence science teaching anxiety. The effect of these variables on science teaching anxiety was mediated by personal science teaching efficacy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17-26 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slavko Kocijančič</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESENTATION OF LABORATORY SESSIONS FOR SCIENCE SUBJECTS IN SLOVENIAN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">laboratory work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers' attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary schools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410008530.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Among Slovenian upper secondary school science teachers a study was conducted about the implementation of laboratory work in Science teaching. One of the specific goals was to acquire preliminary data about the status of laboratory exercises in teaching Biology, Chemistry and Physics. Answers were received from 64 Biology teachers, 64 Chemistry teachers and 63 Physics teachers (about 40% of Slovene secondary school Science teachers).
The differences in attitudes towards and performance of laboratory work among teachers of different Science subjects are small. It can be concluded that teachers of all three subjects have generally positive attitudes towards laboratory work. The differences occur in the way laboratory work is performed. Not so positive are the findings that many of the exercises are presented to the students as demonstrations, and an expository style is preferred. In the future, efforts should be made to transform expository labs into inquiry- and problem-based laboratory work.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98-113 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maija Nousiainen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ismo T. Koponen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE PHYSICS TEACHERS’ CONCEPT MAPS REPRESENTING RELATIONAL STRUCTURE OF PHYSICS CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge organisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics concept maps</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547320.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, a parsimonious set of quantities is developed to characterise and evaluate the quality of concept maps. It is shown here how such a set can be based on measurements of the connectivity, clustering and cohesion of concept maps. A structural model of the data is introduced so that concept maps can be evaluated and classified by using only two quantities called here richness of content (D) and quality of structure (q). The model is used in monitoring changes in the concept maps (N=33) consisting of two sets of maps (initial and final ones), made before and after teaching. Such an approach gives access to monitor changes of the concept maps during a teaching sequence.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183-194 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlasta Hus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">QUESTIONING AS A MEDIATION TOOL FOR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">early natural and social science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">questioning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405173206.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this article are presented the results of an empirical study, which tried to find the explanation for the relatively unsatisfactory results of Slovene pupils in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science study (TIMSS) in the area of early natural science. Questions from teachers and those from children in the process of teaching the school subject of Environmental Studies in the first grade of nine-year primary school were examined and also the communication that the teacher, as a mediator of a learning process, initiates with children. More precisely: the quantity and quality of teachers’, and consequently also of children’s questions. 18 teaching hours in two elementary schools were observed and recorded with the defined protocol during the teaching of three thematic topics. The results show that teachers ask too many questions and that those questions are at lower taxonomic levels. The research also showed that children seldom ask questions and that these are also generally at lower taxonomic levels. These types of questions cannot be used as a mediation tool and consequently do not stimulate the cognitive processes of pupils.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-16 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analogical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547126.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Divergent thinking, which indicates the capacity to generate multiple alternatives or solutions, received attention as a component of creative thinking after the “Sputnik shock” of the late 1950s. Since then, numerous special programs for fostering creativity in convergent, critical, associational or analogical thinking have been developed. As a result, an article in 1993 reported that there were about 250 programs for improving creativity, and in 1998, a researcher classified various teaching strategies used in the programs into 170 types.
Therefore, I with my colleagues have recently started to develop a new model called the ‘small-scale iterative experiences for teaching scientific creativity’. The following studies will focus on finding alternative ways to incorporate this model into the ordinary science curriculum, and to measure the effectiveness of these methods in improving creativity. Furthermore, we will strive for an additional proof that these ways of creative thinking are still in contact with the nature of learning science in understanding scientific knowledge, conducting scientific inquiry, as well as in nourishing scientific thinking. On a final note, I hope I have inspired a healthy curiosity on the subject matter of scientific creativity, for more authentic science teaching and learning experiences to come with many science educators.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">144-145 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dalia Augienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY EVALUATION: LITHUANIAN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ POSITION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comprehensive school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific research activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching proces</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547365.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human progress is inseparable from scientific achievements. The role of scientific achievements and knowledge in the modern world progress process is evident. Science can help the humanity a lot: create a more comfortable life, predict natural phenomena, foster humanistic traditions, educate society, change the development of society and so on. Today it is obvious, that the basis of country’s prosperity is its members’ perceptiveness, ability to discover, research and create. Therefore, society, its education system is concerned with forming conditions, encouraging young generation to try their abilities in scientific research activity, develop necessary competences and to know scientist’s, researcher’s activity and career peculiarities already in a secondary school.
After carrying out the research, the opinions of upper secondary school students (9-12 forms) about scientific research activity at school were analysed, Lithuanian comprehensive school upper secondary school students’ attitude towards researcher, scientist’s activity was revealed. Factor analysis was carried out applying the main component method and Varimax rotation with Kaiser Normalization. After carrying out this analysis it became clear that upper secondary school students do not relate their future with scientific research activity, researcher’s career is considered to be not perspective and of low prestige.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195-208 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evangelos Manolas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walter Leal Filho</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE USE OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN DISPELLING STUDENT MISCONCEPTIONS ON CLIMATE CHANGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547274.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Misconceptions may be characterized as wrong or inaccurate views of a particular issue which, due to lack of clarity, are seen or perceived wrongly. Students hold misconceptions about many issues and subjects, including in respect of climate change. Most alarming about misconceptions is that if people continue to build knowledge on such misunderstandings, this may have serious impacts on their learning. Following a brief literature review on cooperative learning, this paper adopts a research methodology which a) defines what a misconception is, b) lists possible sources of misconceptions, c) discusses five misconceptions students often have about climate change and d) puts forward some cooperative learning techniques teachers can use to handle the problem.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">168-182 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning environments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">new technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410008377.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in science education has become widespread and been developed increasingly by many science educators in our digital time. Students’ and teachers’ use of new technologies both in the classrooms and out of school have enhanced science learning more meaningful and permanent. In recent years, new technologies such as scientific visualizations, statistical modeling, real time data collection, dynamic modeling software, and collaborative group work environments has been used widely in science education. However, many researches have showed that the success and effect of these technologies use in the classroom highly depend on teachers’ knowledge, skills and experiences in this area. It is apparent that, in the innovative classroom environments that are designed with ICT tools, the expenditures will be in vain if science teachers have no enough knowledge, skills and experiences in these technologies.
Another important dimension of this discussion is how to guide students to use digital learning environments enhanced with simulations, virtual experiments, and online chatting among their classmates and teachers. These are intended to follow after school time for the sustained understanding of science concepts. In specific, the development of Web 2.0 technologies or social networking technologies provides students with their self driven science learning. These technologies also support to share the visual materials such as photograph, videos, graphics and simulations for a clear understanding of issues that the students may concern. Today's science teachers on the social networking environments do not only discuss with their students science-related issues, but also build and develop social communication skills of their students.
As a result, it should not be thought that ICT tools alone can resolve all the problems of science education. It also should not be assumed that the ICT tools are versatile remedies for students who suffer from understanding of school science. No doubt that a science teacher’s eye contact and social interaction have positive impact on students’ achievement and attitudes in science more than the many technologies developed so far. In the light, science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge to use ICT tools in their science curriculum and the suitable methods to use these tools in classroom atmosphere should be researched in more advanced levels.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72-72</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canan Laçin-Şimşek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOMEN SCIENTISTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TEXTBOOKS IN TURKEY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science textbooks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">women scientists</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410547841.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of inclusion of woman scientists in the textbooks prepared in accordance with the 2004 Science and Technology Curriculum in Turkey. The study is a descriptive field study since it proposes an assessment of the situation. In the study, document analysis was conducted. The 4th to 8th grade textbooks were analysed. It was identified that, despite the aim to include men and women who contributed to science in the science and technology curriculum, the textbooks do not reflect this sufficiently. In the textbooks, even though a total of 78 different scientists are mentioned, only two of these are women. It is important to include women scientists in science textbooks for girls to be able to find the role models they need when choosing a career Therefore, women scientists who contributed to science should be included in textbooks and this must be reinforced with one-to-one activities. In addition, it is important that teachers be sensitive and informed on this issue.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">277-284 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sari Havu-Nuutinen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuula Keinonen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CHANGES IN PUPILS’ CONCEPTIONS OF HUMAN BODY BASED ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY BASED TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human body research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172039.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper explores the changes in 12 year old pupils’ conceptions of the organs and systems of the human body. The research was conducted as an intervention study in one Finnish primary school. The instruction was carried out by using the STS teaching approach which aims at linking the studying contents to everyday life contexts. The drawing method was used to catch pupils’ concep¬tions of organs and parts of the body, before and after the teaching period. In addition, nine pupils were interviewed. Re¬sults indicate that before teaching, pupils were able to name several organs of the human body, but they had no understand¬ing of how they function and what is their relation with each other. After the teaching period the pupils were able to name more of the organs and explain more clearly their function and meaning. In particular, the brain and digestive systems were understood more accurately.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">212-223</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredrik Jeppsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helge Strömdahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPREHENSION OF TEMPERATURE WHEN SOLVING A THERMODYNAMIC TASK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semantics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172088.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present study focus the presence and role of deep qualitative conceptual knowledge of temperature among a group of ten individuals (n=10), academic well-educated and experienced in science, when solving a task about changes in temperature of a given thermo¬dynamic system. The aim is to find out the variation of comprehension of tempera¬ture in the task solving process. 
Data is gathered by interviews based on the thinking aloud method. The inter¬views were video-recorded and verbatim transcribed. Transcriptions were analysed by using a two dimensional semiotic/semantic analysing schema (acronym 2-D SAS). The results revealed a broad variation in the comprehension of the term temperature in the given context. The three informants who produced correct answers structured the task by identifying the scientifically appropriate referent and sense of the term temperature according to the given context.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">224-236 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maris Klavins</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madara Pelnena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CURRICULA OF UNIVERSITIES IN LATVIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university curricula</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172619.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article identifies general trends in implementation of education for sustainable development into higher education in Latvia. The purpose of this study is to explore to what extent and by means of which approach the higher education institutions in Latvia have been attempting to incorporate sustainability in the curricula. The questioning on 8 higher education institutions was conducted and the current initiatives of practices were assessed. The study results show that higher education institutions are at the first stage of transforming their curricula towards education for sustainable development, and the efforts to incorporate the issues of sustainability into the curricula can rather be characterised as education about sustainable development. Major emphasis is put on the links between environmental education and education for sustainable development.
Higher education institutions in Latvia are at the first stage of “greening” their curricula, and the efforts to incorporate the issues of SD into curricula can be characterised more as education about sustainable development. Since the environmental dimension is particularly accented and there is a noticeable lack of holistic and interdisciplinary approaches, the limited conception of SD is widespread among the higher education institutions. The possible agents of changes promoting sustainability in university structures are the academicians. Therefore, the activities focusing on the academic staff training and involvement in sustainable development ideas should be developed. Future studies should explore what is the academic understanding of sustainable development and how this perception affects the teaching and learning about SD.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">264-272 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walter Filho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Pace</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evangelos Manolas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONTRIBUTION OF EDUCATION TOWARDS MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF CLIMATE CHANGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formal and non-formal education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171586.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper outlines the contribution the education sector can provide in meeting the challenges of climate change, worldwide. It offers an analysis of the means via which education, awareness and training can help the global efforts to tackle climate change and lists a set of practical activities which may assist various groups in handling climate matters as part of formal and non-formal education. The paper concludes by providing a warning: without proper emphasis to educational approaches, the desired (and indeed) changes in attitudes and behaviour as well as the motivation needed in order to engage people in reducing the impacts they may have on the climate, may not be fully achieved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">142-155 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kursad Yilmaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Tasar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY OF CZECH AND TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS ICT USED IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information and communication technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171457.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper focuses on differences of attitudes related to information and communication technologies among Czech and Turkish university students. Student attitudes were evaluated summatively and with respect to gender, year, country, and type of residential area (town/village). Student attitudes were measured by a modified version of the Information and Communication Technologies Attitudes Questionnaire (Kubiatko &amp; Haláková, 2009). The sample consisted of a total of 770 unversity students (316 Czech and 454 Turkish). The data analysis included factor analysis, MANCOVA, ANOVA, and t-test. The factor analysis yielded five dimensions: 1) Influence of ICT on teaching process, 2) Influence of ICT on human body and environment, 3) Using of ICT in teaching, 4) School and ICT, 5) ICT as didactic equipment. As a result, students from the Czech Republic, male students, sophomores, and students living in town showed more positive attitudes in comparison to other respective groups.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-134</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metka Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION TRAINING PARADIGM FOR ENGINEERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engineering education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rhetoric</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171312.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engineers carry a stigma of being ineffective communicators, and various calls for teaching them communication skills have been performed. In the context of Bologna changes in European university space, such calls seem to be even more important, since the demand of employability and applicability of graduate engineers is one of the most important arguments for change. Many engineering educational institutions (mostly universities) have made efforts to improve the situation: they have included rhetoric or communication courses into the existing study programs. Rhetoric/communication teachers, who used to undertake similar courses in the language and literature departments, have mainly taught these rhetoric courses. However no special rhetoric/communication courses have been developed for engineers. The fact is that research in the field of rhetoric for engineers has not got a lot of scientific research yet.
This paper will attempt to given answers to the following question: What kind of communication skills does an engineer require? A rhetoric course, designed for engineers and a didactic model for rhetoric education of engineers will be presented and evaluated. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-108 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Serdar Koksal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jale Cakiroglu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF NATURE OF SCIENCE SCALE (NSS) FOR ADVANCED SCIENCE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">advanced science students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171261.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frequent use of open-ended questionnaire plus interview application for nature of science as a requirement for informed decision making has been criticized by many researchers and a need for an easily administrable and scorable instrument has been emphasized. At the same time, existing instruments were developed with the students out of advanced students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is development of a nature of science scale for advanced science students. The study was conducted with 224 advanced science students. Both confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were done to collect evidence for validity of the scores on the instrument and it was found that both of the analyses approved appropriate validity of the scores. Cronbach alphas for subscales were found as from .55 to .77 as acceptable values. The implications and importance of the instrument will be discussed in this article.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87-98 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Pace</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: CURRENT FAD OR RENEWED COMMITMENT TO ACTION?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172843.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The paper will comparatively highlight the main characteristics of environmental education and some of its variants. Similarly the paper will critically analyse major international events addressing the need to implement environmental education and their impact on the educational community. These two reviews will act as a backdrop to a critical analysis of why the resources invested in environmental education have not provided the turnout expected. Strategies adopted to get results have further complicated the situation, giving rise to confusion and lack of direction in the field, a schism between theory and practice, and a further fragmentation of resources. The paper concludes by making several reflections and concrete proposals about making the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development a worthwhile experience … particularly at the grassroots level.
While not downplaying the urgency to get environmental education on the road, we need to understand that education is a gradual process that simply cannot be hurried. People take time to change: most of our communities have gradually adapted to a more comfortable but unsustainable way of life – going back (or rather moving on) to a sustainable lifestyle will likewise take some time. Without being overly optimistic, looking back we have made progress, not as much as we would have desired, but we have managed to put environmental issues on the political agenda and there is a heightened awareness of environmental concerns. Nevertheless, we cannot relent in our efforts to promote an education that prepares individuals for sustainable development, but rushing things may drive us into repeating the same mistakes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">315-323 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">María Novo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">María-Ángeles Murga-Menoyo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">María-José Bautista-Cerro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATIONAL ADVANCES AND TRENDS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A RESEARCH PROJECT ON EDUCATIONAL INNOVATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational information technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online collaborative learning groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172792.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Within the framework of the Bologna Process, the UNESCO Chair in Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, based at the National University of Distance Education of Spain, is developing research in the field of educational innovation with the aim of incorporating in its learning model the methodological procedures resulting from recent developments in information technology. The teaching innovation projects presented in this work have been designed for students of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development as part of their Environmental Sciences and Education Courses, who were used to test the learning potential of two teaching methodologies: a) the Cmap Tools editor for the construction of concept maps, which is particularly designed to enhance understanding of the relations that make up the conceptual structure of the topics of study; and b) online collaborative learning groups, intended to promote team work and encourage participation, dialogue and divergent thought, all of which are central to education for sustainability. Each pilot project generated material and resources specifically designed for this purpose and entailed a consistent assessment process.

The evaluative research carried out confirms that the methodology of online collaborative learning groups is of interest to the purposes of the subject. The satisfaction which students acknowledge that they feel largely supports the motivational capacity of this methodology to facilitate learning processes and encourage team work, the values of participation and dialogue for reaching consensus. As a result it may be stated that online collaborative learning groups are an appropriate instrument for encouraging the acquisition of ethical competencies. They seek assimilation of disciplinary contents, but, inevitably, by the very nature of the procedure, they require the daily application of attitudes of co-responsibility, solidarity, cooperation and negotiated settlement of conflicts. All these are directly linked to the objectives for environmental education for sustainable development to be achieved in higher education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302-314 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christel Persson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING RELATED TO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">play and learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171990.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper results from a lon¬gitudinal study, with 28 pupils in primary school, is presented. The question asked is how pupils develop concepts in a related to the natural- and the techno sphere. The qualitative research consists of inter¬views, questionnaires and video-recorded sequences in the pupils’ science learning. The results were analyzed according to the Earth System Science model and the expressions were categorized according to their logical reasoning about what is happening between the spheres. The ex¬plorative study indicates the pupils’ ability reasoning about solutions and developing their ontological views. It is a question about scientific facts and values. The overall conclusion is that the pupils over time are able to connect different environ¬mental concepts and e.g. point out how toxic substances can be spread through the air into the water and the ground. Play and learning widens the perspectives and different explanations of concepts can be created.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">196-211 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davi Fouad Soubihia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walter Leal Filho</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GREEN MANAGEMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SMALL BUSINESS IN BRAZIL: IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental training</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172911.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents the results of a study on the analysis of training needs regarding environmental (green) management and climate change topics in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Brazil and its implications on education for sustainable development. It reports on an e-mail survey of Brazilian small enterprises, whose results indicate that they are indeed interested in environmental management and climate change topics in an education for sustainable development context. The study indicates that proposals for courses on environmental management and climate change should follow a systemic perspective and take sustainable development into account. By applying factor analysis, it was found that the topics of interest can be grouped into thematic modules, which can be useful in the design of training courses for the top management leaders of those companies.
The study indicates that proposals for courses on environmental management and climate change should follow a systemic perspective and take sustainable development into account. By applying factor analysis, it was found that the topics of interest can be grouped into thematic modules, which can be useful in the design of training courses for the top management leaders of those companies. There is a special interest in topics about “development of green products” and “Influence of environmental management and climate change on businesses. Thus, education for sustainable development must consider small enterprises.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">324-333 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Littledyke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evangelos Manolas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDEOLOGY, EPISTEMOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY: BARRIERS AND DRIVERS TO EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ideology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172734.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Brundtland Report (Brundtland Report, cited in United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 1999) definition of education for sustainability (EfS) allows us to conceptualise sustainability in a number of ways in education, such as ecological sustainability, sociocultural sustainability and, political sustainability. Whilst EfS issues have multi-dimensional meanings, including effects, root causes, change strategies and preferred futures each curriculum area can contribute. This paper focusses on how approaches to science education can contribute to or inhibit EfS, according to what degree it informs understanding of sustainability issues, how it may support values and beliefs underpinning sustainability and how priorities in constructing curricula can influence pedagogy. Epistemology, as conceptions of knowledge associated with science, and ideology, as political influences that shape curricula, can direct approaches to pedagogy, which may or may not support EfS. Examples of approaches to science education that may support EfS are discussed with implications for appropriate pedagogy to support EfS summarised.
This paper has discussed how ideological, epistemological and pedagogical assumptions of curriculum planners and those who implement curricula affect EfS. Table 2 summarises the discussion and illustrates how modern, positivist or postpositivist approaches to science education can provide barriers or drivers to EfS. As unsustainability is not tenable option for society, postpositivist pedagogical approaches that support sustainability must be seen as an imperative rather than an option. Some of these pedagogical approaches are being put into practice; for example the development of resources to support teaching for sustainability, the establishing of eco-schools as models for sustainability practice and some very good guidance for development of EfS at national, regional and local level (see introduction). However, understanding of the barriers and drivers to EfS is also needed to counter the barriers and to foster a more systematic integration of EfS within the curriculum to achieve effective action for sustainability.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285-301 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serap Çalışkan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gamze Selçuk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Erol</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INSTRUCTION OF PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES: EFFECTS ON PHYSICS ACHIEVEMENT AND SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-Efficacy Beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strategy instruction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404741010.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study has investigated the effects of problem solving instruction on physics achievement, and physics self-efficacy beliefs in an introductory physics course at university level. In this study, pretest-posttest and quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was used. Two groups of student teachers (n=77) participated in this study. During the study, one group received problem solving strategy instruction while the control group received traditional problem solving strategies. Data was collected using the Physics Achievement Test and Physics Self-Efficacy Scale. Results indicate that strategy instruction has positive effects on physics achievement, and physics self-efficacy beliefs. On the basis of the findings, it is strongly recommended that physics instructors use explicit problem solving strategy instruction in their lessons to develop students’ problem solving skills and related outcomes such as course achievement.
This study provides some evidence of the positive effects of using problem solving instruction (UQAPAC+SE) on student teachers’ physics achievement. Explicit problem solving strategy instruction was more effective than traditional instruction in improving physics achievement and self efficacy of the participating students. 
In addition to assuring students’ active (curiosity and interest) participation in the problem solving activities, explicit problem-solving instruction has helped students by leading them to apply good problem solvers’ strategies on the step model while solving physics problems, and thereby helping them to improve their cognitive and metacognitive awareness, features displayed by strategic learners. Moreover, the instruction program provided students with learning activities by which students could feel successful and help their self-efficacy develop. In this context, it can be said that strategy teaching in physics may play a significant role in training strategic, successful, and high self-efficious problem solvers. 
In light of the results of the present study, teachers and/or educators who do not include strategy applications in their programs because of time constraints but want to improve the effectiveness of their instructions, may review the potential benefits of strategy instruction.
The fact that the study was carried out within a regular teaching program has limitations on this study. Firstly, prompt feedback related to the problem solving sheets and self evaluation forms collected from the students after the application could not be given. In this context, the feedback related to what the students did could only be given in the following weeks lecture. The provision of prompter feedback would have meant that the students could have understood their mistakes and deficiencies immediately. Secondly, the study has been conducted within a six weeks period. It is thought that long term future studies on the same theme may prove to be useful in producing more positive effects on the results.
On the basis of the findings, it is recommended that physics instructors should use explicit problem solving strategy instruction in their lessons to develop students’ problem solving skills and the related outcomes such as course achievement. Research where the effects of instruction of different problem solving strategies in different grade levels on a physics course and different effective characteristics (e.g. learning satisfaction and motivation to learning) are investigated should be done. Problem solving strategies and courses intended to instruct these strategies should be added to the curriculums of the institutions which are educating teachers. In addition to this, many different kinds of research comparing a group where problem solving strategies instruction was implicit with the groups where it was explicit; or comparing the effects of instruction of problem solving strategies and learning strategies; or investigating the effects of instruction of problem solving strategies in computer-aided or cooperative learning groups can be done. Moreover, in further research, by supporting a strategy instruction program combined with a self-efficacy development program which can be applied in addition to a normal instruction program, more effective results could be obtained. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-34 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yasemin Özdem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pınar Çavaş</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bülent Çavaş</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jale Çakıroğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamide Ertepınar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN INVESTIGATION OF ELEMENTARY STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC LITERACY LEVELS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elementary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740965.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific literacy has become the major goal of science education in many countries as well as Turkey. In line with this goal, the purpose of this study is to investigate the scientific literacy level of elementary students in Turkey. In this study, the scientific literacy level of students is investigated through “Scientific Literacy Test” adapted by the researchers. The test was administered to 946 elementary students enrolled in 6th, 7th and 8th grades in nine cities during the academic year of 2008-2009. The results of the study showed that 8th grade students significantly differ in their scientific literacy level compared to 6th and 7th grade students. However, eight graders have also some difficulties on some items related to the nature of science.
Scientific literacy has been recognized as an important characteristic that every citizen in a modern society should possess. In this respect science education is critical for developing students’ scientific literacy, which is turn in future scientifically literate citizens. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the scientific literacy levels of elementary students enrolled in 6th, 7th and 8th grades, and the results of this study showed that elementary students have a moderate level of scientific literacy. This result is promising when the results of PISA 2006 assessment, which indicated that only a few number of these students were found to be able to identify the scientific components of many complex life situations, is considered.
However, it is clear that science educators should put in more efforts to increase the students’ moderate level scientific literacy. After realizing the importance of scientific literacy as a major goal of science education in the world, science educators in Turkey made some efforts to improve science curricula. It is stated in the Science and Technology curriculum in Turkey that regardless of the individual differences, the main goal of science education is to educate all students as scientifically literate. Obviously, this effort would be useful in this regard because the new Turkish science curriculum might help students develop a moderate level of scientific literacy.
When the grade levels were examined in terms of scientific literacy levels, the results of this study revealed that students already have an average level of scientific literacy as they started upper elementary (e.g. 6th grade). Although the level of scientific literacy is seen to be increasing at 7th grade, there is no statistically significant difference between 6th and 7th grades in terms of scientific literacy level. A significant difference in increasing scientific literacy is only seen at 8th grade. In the light of these results, it can be concluded that although new Science and Technology curriculum makes a difference in scientific literacy for upper elementary students, it is not effective to raise the levels to more satisfactory. For that reason, it is necessary to explore ways to improve scientific literacy levels of students at each grade level. According to BouJaoude (2002) teaching, assessment, the quality of textbooks used, participating in extra-curricular scientific activities, and experiencing science in out-of-school contexts are important factors influencing the students’ scientific literacy level.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-19</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christoph Randler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisa Wieland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KNOWLEDGE ABOUT COMMON VERTEBRATE SPECIES IN GERMAN KINDERGARTEN PUPILS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kindergarten</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-schooling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vertebrate animal species knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171515.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity has become a challenging educational topic and knowledge about animal species and their identification is one aspect of learning about biodiversity. There are few studies addressed at assessing vertebrate species knowledge and species identification skills in children prior to schooling (‘kindergarten’). Here, we tried to quantify the knowledge about fifteen animal species in a period before the onset of schooling as an assessment of prior knowledge. Children in the kindergarten were found to be able to identify common vertebrate species. Boys and girls scored equal in knowledge, but pupils with German as foreign language scored lower. There were significant differences between the eight kindergartens in our study. High scores have been found in a kindergarten within a large city.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135-141 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panagiotis Pantidos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evangelos Vitoratos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF NINTH GRADE STUDENTS: THE CASE OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">properties of the magnetic field</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ mental representations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404741157.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study of students’ mental representations of Natural Sciences concepts and phenomena constitutes a central part of Science Education research, as they play a decisive role in teaching. In the study presented here, we investigate 157 ninth grade students’ mental representations of the magnetic field, after they were taught about it in school. The empirical data was gathered through an interview using 4 tasks which involved the evaluation of actual or hypothetical situations. The research data included mental representations that cause difficulty in the comprehension of the properties of the magnetic field.
The results of all four tasks show that the students face considerable difficulty in evaluating actual or hypothetical experimental situations involving the application of the properties of the magnetic field. It is indicative that, with the exception of the task concerning the exertion of magnetic forces in air to which approximately 4 out of 10 students responded adequately, in the remainder of the tasks only about 1 out of 10 students are able to fully process the situations presented, to express reasoning and formulate hypotheses based on declarative school knowledge. Of course, this is not solely due to the inadequate comprehension of magnetic properties (as in Task 4, concerning the permanent magnetisation of certain substances), as well as the inability to correlate characteristics caused by the magnetic field and the rest of the characteristics of the experimental situation. For example, as we saw in Task 3, the exertion of interactive forces on the magnetic field is closely linked to the question of interactive forces within a field, which is a problem we generally come across (Solomonidou &amp; Kolokotronis, 2001). We could, therefore, address the question of organising the appropriate teaching activities in order to make the properties of the magnetic field better understood, as well as the question of reorganising sections of the curriculum in order for the study of magnetic properties to become systematically linked to questions of the general properties and the nature of fields. Especially, the discussion about tasks 2 and 3 indicates that any teaching intervention about magnetic field is fruitful to be designed in connection students’ mental representations about Newtonian model. 
Moreover, it appears that a discussion concerning a satisfactory comprehension of the magnetic field has to encompass not only the specific properties of the magnetic field, but also the special applications of these properties in various experimental situations. This will make it possible for students to elaborate magnetic properties in a functional way and to alternate back and forth between the model and reality, finally arriving at the construction of the model of the magnetic field. This sequence of steps is very important since, as the results of our study have shown, students who merely followed conventional lessons on the magnetic field and had already completed the first round of a qualitative approach to magnetic and electromagnetic phenomena have considerable difficulty in using the fundamental properties of the magnetic field.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50-60 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bilek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE TIME OF VIRTUAL WORLDS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research project</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual information</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740764.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of ICT to the process of instruction does not mean eliminating real school experiments from school laboratory practice. Real living environment makes us face more and more items of virtual environment, worlds, mediated by infinite possibilities of computer networks. The mediated perception through virtual images has become an important cognitive channel for pupils. Real information from the existing reality is steadily replaced by virtual information. 
Is the remote (by computer network mediated) and virtual (by computer simulated) experiment able to meet requirements of the best school laboratory practice?
How to blend an effective and meaningful application of real, indirect and simulative observation, measuring and experimenting according to didactic principles?
Reaching the above mentioned targets in science education is classified to be progress in so called science literacy. Virtual environment supported by ICT is penetrating both human and school life. All kinds of our activities can be supported by technologies. According to Marshall McLuhan (1964) it can be said “...technologies are enhancing our senses...” and they can support our understanding of nature and improving our being. In our opinion, the necessity to research this field, especially in situations where the initial relation to natural science and technical subjects is formed, is currently very topical and desirable (Bílek and Skalická, 2009).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Šimonová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A NEW MONOGRAPH FOR RELEVANT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general chemical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methodology of science cognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">real and virtual experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research project</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404741265.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The monograph “Interaction of Real and Virtual Environment in Early Science Education: Tradition and Challenges” is first outcome of the research project Challenges and limits of interacting real and virtual environments in early science education, which is supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR), and it is Volume 5 of the Didactics of Science and Technical Subjects edition published by the Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové since 1999. 
The monograph, published in English, consists thirteen contributions of authors from four countries (Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Czech Republic) and six universities (University of Hradec Králové, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznaň, Jagellonian University in Krakow and Šiaulai University). 
The content is structured into six main chapters devoted to the methodology of science cognition, and focusing mainly on general chemical education, real and virtual experiments in early education in this field, their types, possibilities and experience in their practical use in the process of instruction, in research activities of experiment-supported instruction, and it also deals with possible risks which applications of new technologies may cause. 
In the Introductory Chapter M. Bílek discusses the importance of the Natural Science methodology and its projection into the Science subjects in general education in the times of information and knowledge society. 
In Chapter Two J. Škoda, P. Doulík, K. Myška and others provide a detailed insight and analysis of the role of school experiments as an important method in the process of cognition; they also emphasize the contribution of modelling and creating modern material didactic means to support the process of Chemistry instruction. 
Chapter Three includes four contributions on virtual experiments and their types. The above mentioned computer models and modelling are worked out in the study by K. Myška, K. Kolář and M. Bílek. The last mentioned together with M. Turčáni and P. Skalická deal with remote and virtual laboratories and remote measuring. They emphasize the contribution of F. Lustig, a Czech pioneer in the field of school applications of remote laboratories in Physics, they present examples of putting such activities into effect, and running and managing Web supported real chemical experiments. Foreign authors R. Wolski and P. Jagodziński describe the situation in Poland and provide examples of using the Internet for chemical experiments. They introduce a course tailored to Chemistry students and teachers which aims at developing new skills in this field. They also deal with new electronic teaching aids, e.g. minicomputer, and services which it offers to Chemistry instructions. The article contains photographs showing the use of the presented material didactic means in the real environment. An article by M. Bílek on the role of virtual museums in science and technical instruction as an example of electronic support of so called &quot;museum didactics&quot; closes this part. 
Chapter Four focuses on ways in which different types of experiments can be applied in Science education. Authors of five contributions look for ideal rate of using real and virtual environment for running experiments, and the present their own experience. Again R. Wolski and P. Jagodziński summarize the positive influence which experiments have on the process of cognition in Sciences, mainly in the affective field and motivation. J. Rychtera demonstrates the possibility of intentionally directed process of perceiving through experiments supported by video-technology. I. Maciejowska and M. Bílek set main e-learning objectives in Science education, among which experimental activities cannot be omitted. A specialist in the field of &quot;augmented reality&quot; and &quot;augmented virtuality&quot;, V. Lamanauskas, presented possibilities how this modern tool can be used in early Science and Chemistry instruction, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages, and introduces the ARISE Project as an innovative approach to natural science education. The topic is widened by M. Vilkoniene who presents results of the research supported by this technology. 
Research activities focusing on the use of real and virtual experiments in early Science instruction are discussed in Chapter Five. It includes two articles by P. Doulík, J. Škoda and M. Bílek. In the former one authors provide a meta-analysis of research studies on didactic application of various types of experiments which were published in renowned foreign journals in the last decade. In the latter contribution selected methods of pedagogical experiments applied in researching efficiency of school experiments in Natural Science instruction are presented and evaluated. 
In the final chapter the same three authors propose a possible future way based on the curricular reform. This requirement results from social and economic changes running in the current society, and the technical and technological development in all spheres. The curriculum reflecting this situation and perspectives must define adequate educational objectives, content and extent, methods and forms how information is provided to students, deal with relationship between science and technology on one side, and society on the other one, include global and ecological problems, devote to inter-subject relations and ways of thinking in the new situation, propose supportive methods of instruction which are offered by new information and communication technologies. Research projects which provide feedback information about this process form the basis for defining didactic recommendations. 
The publication does not aim at covering the whole field which is currently very hot. Author/s of each contribution are trying to provide their experience towards the process of ICT implementation in the science and technical subject instruction, particularly in early Chemistry instruction. Being implemented correctly, the supporting-instruction ICT provide not only educational contribution in the form of visual multimedia presentations of school experiments, but they also eliminate the danger during real experiments, and they save money because new chemical matters and other laboratory aids are not required. The long-term savings appear despite the starting financial expenses in HW and SW equipment. 
One of the most important contributions of the monograph is by my opinion the above mentioned meta-analysis which resulted from demanding work of experienced researchers. The cited references will serve the interested as a deep source of literature in this field. The monograph is well-arranged because of unified structure and formatting of single contributions, and adequate technical quality of the text and figures. 
The monograph can be recommended to researcher and teachers of all types and school levels. It enables future and graduate teachers to insight in the work of experienced university teachers, didacticians and researches in the field of science and technical subject instruction. It offers an outline of modern technologies which could by applied in experimenting, motivates to follow or be modified according to the level of their own institution. 
The work is available at University of Hradec Kralove, Gaudeamus Publishing House, or in the electronic form on the project web page (http://pdf.uhk.cz/kch/projekty.html). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72-74 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walter Leal Filho</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NEW PERSPECTIVES IN EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systematic approach</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172567.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education for sustainable development is one of the most important tools in raising awareness about environmental issues within a sustainable development context, i.e. a context in which environmental matters are taken into consideration along with economic, social, political and ethical issues.
With the decision to run the UN Decade on Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014), the United Nations acknowledges the usefulness of and the need for identifying suitable initiatives, approaches and methods, via which knowledge on sustainable development may be fostered, bearing in mind its inherent complexity.
But even though much has been said and written about education for sustainable development, there are still many problems associated with its execution. For example, there is a need to identify and document the wide range of projects and initiatives taking place today, and which exemplify the types of works that can be done, in a concrete manner. A second problem is in relation to the fact that even though much is happening, few of the current works are properly disseminated. Moreover, even though the integration of matters related to sustainable development at university level is a highly desirable goal, there are barriers preventing this from taking place, which need due consideration. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">262-263 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joanne Grima</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walter Leal Filho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Pace</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERCEIVED FRAMEWORKS OF YOUNG PEOPLE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND OZONE DEPLETION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive frameworks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning processes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions in learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ozone depletion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404741075.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses and makes decisions, relying on a cognitive structure that provides meaning and organization to experiences and allows the individual to go beyond. Quantitative data regarding concepts formed about global warming and ozone depletion was obtained through a questionnaire administered to 280 Maltese post-secondary students, who had already attended Environmental Science lessons. In depth group interviews were performed with four focus groups to elucidate underlying reasoning. Besides the presence of lacunae in their knowledge, the study revealed that students formulated their own logical, but sometimes incorrect, frameworks through which they could explain the issues. Concept maps elicited from the data show how students erroneously linked global warming to ozone depletion and stratospheric ozone to tropospheric ozone. Recommendations are made on how learners can think how an expert of that particular knowledge domain would think in that particular circumstance.
The concepts related to current ecological crises should engage students with real life issues that are analysed within social and cultural contexts in order to make valid judgments. An effective Environmental Science curriculum should include a set of organized experiences aimed at helping students develop correct environmental concepts. The results reported in this study can be used to help the teacher in the selection of concepts and how they can be sequenced in meaningful ways. The design of multidisciplinary curriculum units and appropriate teaching strategies that address student understanding of complex natural phenomena can lead to the development of correct conceptual frameworks which are meaningful. 
It is imperative for educators to be familiar with what the students already know. The challenge is to design instructional strategies which address these conceptions and attempt to alter them in meaningful ways. This implies a paradigm shift in science education based on constructivism. The educator can help students:
a) identify authentic issues;
b) conceptually analyse scientific knowledge related to these issues;
c) determine their existing knowledge regarding these issues; and 
d) design meaningful environmental courses that aim in formulating correct conceptual frameworks.
This will produce correct links between concepts, and transfer of knowledge from one context to another would be facilitated. The outcome will be the creation of more complex meaning in a structured manner.
An incorrect perception could be a point of departure for a constructivist approach, keeping in mind the fragmented knowledge students possess and the mental models they have constructed when this knowledge was put together. Students should be given the opportunity to construct, discover and explain the links formed between the knowledge accumulated in order to build a correct conceptual framework.
Students need opportunities which involve the generation of situated knowledge to develop action-competence. Moreover, scientific concepts taught formally in the classroom should have application in the field in order to help students make sense of whether their actions have the potential to respond to the symptoms of environmental issues, or more importantly, to address the causes. Such learning opportunities should start from early childhood when environmental frameworks will start to develop.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-49 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linda Fuselier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Kasi Jackson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERCEPTIONS OF COLLABORATION, EQUITY AND VALUES IN SCIENCE AMONG FEMALE AND MALE COLLEGE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multidisciplinary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Undergraduate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171377.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversification of the science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) workforce requires a climate supportive of underrepresented groups. We studied undergraduate student attitudes to uncover perceptions that may be addressed through targeted pedagogies. We surveyed undergraduate students pursuing science and humanities programs to quantify their attitudes toward gender equity, the importance of values, the perceived contribution of competition and collaboration to science, and to examine their understanding of multidisciplinary collaborations in science. Women more strongly supported gender equity, were more likely to recognize women’s contributions, and had a more positive view of female scientists’ lives. Women perceived science as more collaborative, identified a broader range of disciplines, including social sciences and humanities, to include, and viewed collaboration as working directly with others rather than using published work. We relate our results to the need for gender-sensitive pedagogies and other changes in the college science curriculum.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109-118</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olavi Hakkarainen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maija Ahtee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUPILS CONNECTING OBSERVATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS IN SUCCESSIVE DEMONSTRATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Explanation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variation theory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171824.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to find out how pupils will connect their observa¬tions and explanations from a demonstra¬tion. Seventh graders (117) were shown successively two demonstrations about floating and sinking. Pupils’ observations and explanations were classified and compared with each other in the two demonstrations. The four observation categories were: Complete observation, incomplete observation, non-essential observation, and no observation. The five explanation categories were: Scientific explanation (density), alternative explana¬tion (weight), situational explanation (temperature), spontaneous explanation (irrelevant, insufficient, wrong), and no ex¬planation. Both the observations and the explanations were improved significantly in the second demonstration even that no teaching was done between the demon¬strations. The ways used by the seventh graders in processing their observations and explanations have been examined from the viewpoint of perceptual learning, variation theory, and the memory models in cognitive psychology.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167-178</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frackson Mumba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William F. Mejia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vivien Mweene Chabalengula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simeon  Mbewe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESIDENT SCIENTISTS’ INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICE AND THEIR PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND DIFFICULTIES OF INQUIRY IN SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry oriented learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resident scientist</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171938.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study determined the na¬ture of the laboratory activities undertaken by Resident Scientists in high schools through a science education outreach project. This study also attempted to determine Resident Scientists’ perceived benefits and difficulties of students doing inquiry science activities in schools. A sample comprised eight Resident Scientists at a medium-sized University in Midwest of the USA. Resident Scientists were serving in a University-School partnership project funded by the National Science Founda¬tion (NSF) GK-12 program. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Results show that the reported laboratory activi¬ties were at guided and verification inquiry levels and nothing at structured and open inquiry levels. Resident Scientists recognized the important role of inquiry, benefits and difficulties for implementing inquiry in schools. Their perceived difficul¬ties for inquiry in schools represent barriers for open inquiry in science classrooms. These findings have some implications for science learning, teaching and teacher education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187-195</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION: REGARDING TRENDS AND MAIN PRINCIPLES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">societal oriented teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trends</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171766.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">When the authors propose the article for publication they are on the top stair after having planned and providing their research projects. On the initial stage it’s very important to choose the relevant topic and methodology. Discussing trends and main principle of Education we can model constituents which include Institutional, Socio-cultural and Psychological and finally, Disciplinary categories. The first and the latter are of great importance both for practicing teachers and education explorers. And both are of special interest of JBSE editorial policy.
Institutional category can be presented as three-dimensional matrix with the core plane consist of lines presenting different points of horizontal and vertical diversification, and complementary third-dimension lines presenting variation in each point.
The other problem discussed is the role of the subject and societal oriented teaching, and as the result main trends in educational researches. The subject focusing researches are contrasted with the societal thrust being considered in other research studies. The latter are concerned about teaching em¬phasis and student learning climate, and thus demanding to reduce subject-related content in favour of context oriented studies. But we can teach nothing about when have no a subject. Just it’s a rationale even more important when we say about Science Education. We need Subject-oriented studies, which show us the relevance of disciplinary category in promoting the teaching-learning process. We need to investigate the relevance of content to know better what context we need to motivate students (and educators as well!). 
Science is integrative force and Science Education can help to understand the changing world. Science Education does so and there are many examples strengthening the point. It is one more and may be the most exciting issue demonstrating the unity of knowledge and necessity for cooperation. The latter can help to develop the core model for more effective Education based on all traditions and contemporary trends.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164-166 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION: SEARCH FOR HARMONY AND BEAUTY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science and technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171202.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We all live in a changing interdependent world where Technology and Science are among the forces defining the development of any country, nation and all the civilization. Education gives people skills and knowledge, which make Technology and Science the tools to gain a progress and success. The time science created crisis seems to go away and just now the same science may resolve the most exciting challenges of our civilization. It’s still a time when acquisition and proliferation of scientific knowledge is obviously the way for solving of many social, ecological and other problems. Scientists have been advocating for the idea for last decades. And finally Policy makers have awakened to the realities of the situation and just now accept the fact the Science is a powerful source for sustainable development. Now we all need to affect public opinion for endorsement of the idea of Science utility and relevance. Thus questions how to teach Science in all the aspects and what ways to choose for organizing a process of education are of great importance both for scientific fundamental or applied researches and social, cultural and economic development of any country.
We revert to the point we started from: we explore something what is beautiful and useful at the very same time. Both attributives are referred to Science. And our mission of educators is to show the attractiveness of Science and relevance of Science Education. 
Every lesson, lecture, research project and finally their presentations in the form of article, interview or other public activity should contribute to the growing popularity of Science. I like, I admire and even apotheosize the Science and I want the other feel the same. And to do this we must learn to behave in a more aggressive (in the best sense of the term) way to present to others the utility and beauty of Science and its crucial role in the development of our civilisation. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84-86</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gul Unal Coban</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING LEVEL OF PROSPECTIVE SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Science Teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific issues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">understanding of science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172133.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific understanding is im¬portant to science teachers. The way which science teachers use for explaining issues related to science also affects students’ understanding of science. Therefore, as a measure of the prospective science teach¬ers’ understanding of science, their concep¬tions and descriptions on scientific issues compose the aim of this study. The views of 75 prospective science teachers who are selected by purposive sampling were probed about the meaning of scientific and being scientific, the scientific events, the scientific questions and the scientific knowledge through open ended questions. The results, which are based on significant¬ly different categories, displayed that the prospective science teachers’ understand¬ing of scientific issues is generally based on the phenomenon and empirical based understanding and perceived features those address traditional view of science. Besides, they seem to have inadequate understanding of science regarding logi¬cal, relational, sociological and historical aspects. At the end some recommenda¬tions were proposed accordingly.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">237-254 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hakan Saricayir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER THROUGH DRAMA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drama in science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electrolysis of water</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171882.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of drama on the teach¬ing of electrolysis of water to middle school students. The randomized pre-test and post-test control group design was used. Data collection methods included pre-test, post-test 1 and 2, and the data were ana¬lyzed by using the SPSS/PC program. This study was carried out at a private school with 40 seventh grade students. Based on the pre-test results, the students were randomly assigned to drama and control groups. Findings suggest that the drama group performed better than the control group both on post-test 1 and post-test 2. Similar studies in different contexts with different student samples may be con¬ducted to investigate the effects of drama in chemistry education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179-186 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walter Leal Filho</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL: CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE NEEDS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universities</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172671.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainable development is a matter of great concern to both countries and individuals alike. Whereas in the late 1980s sustainable development was perceived as a matter of concern only to nations, there has been an increased awareness about the fact that it permeates all parts of our lives. Some of the trends related to the evolution of sustainable development can be seen among various sectors, also at universities. Due to their relevance, universities are uniquely placed to pass on the messages of sustainable development to a wide audience. Yes, this potential has not yet been fully realised. This paper describes the evolution of the concept of sustainable development and process behind the its establishment at university level, including an analysis of the problems related to it and their roots. It also states what universities need to do in order to claim excellence in the field of sustainable development, listing a set of criteria that need to be fulfilled in order to achieve this goal.
One of the first documents outlining the need for further engagement of universities into environmental affairs, the „Magna Charta of European Universities“ promulgated in Bologna in September 1998, states that:

„ ...universities must give future generations education and training that will teach them, and through them, others to respect the great harmonies of their natural environment and of life itself. “ 

Among the most effective ways of achieving this, mention can be made to the need to afford sufficient emphasis to sustainability, since it deals not only with „ecological“ matters, but also with the pool of factors that influence the environmental balance and quality of life.
Although the value of sustainability is broadly acknowledged within the university community, there are still various misconceptions that need to be addressed so as to clear the way for action. Prior to being able to undertake long-term works in this area, it is important that such misconceptions are duly addressed. One of the ways to do that is via concrete initiatives at the regional level, in the framework of which the practicality and efficiency of sustainable approaches are shown. This need, which has been largely overlooked in the past, should be duly addressed, since it is not only responsible for the lack of action in the past, but future, long-term progress depends on it.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">273-284</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serap Kaya Şengören</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TURKISH STUDENTS’ MENTAL MODELS OF LIGHT TO EXPLAIN THE SINGLE SLIT DIFFRACTION AND DOUBLE SLIT INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT: A CROSS – SECTIONAL STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">double slit interference</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">single slit diffraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ alternative ideas</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404741216.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, it was tried to explore mental models of light utilized by the Turkish students for the explanations of single-slit diffraction and double-slit interference of light. This research has been carried on the group of 294 students made up of 175 introductory and 119 advanced level students studying in the departments of engineering, physics and physics teachers at a Turkish University. Open - ended questions pertaining drawings and explanations were used as data collection tool. As a result of quantitative and qualitative analysis, three mental models which were named as wave, ray and particle being used by the students while explaining these subjects, were described. Serious difficulties were observed towards the usage of these models for the both levels of the student groups and some differences were indicated between the introductory and advanced level university students in terms of usage of these models.
In general, the results of this research indicate that the students in both level while trying to explain the phenomena of interference and diffraction of light have developed very different mental models of light and in order to explain the phenomena they haven’t got a functional wave model. This situation would prevent them to sense the nature of wave of the matter (Steinberg et al., 1996; Vokos et al., 2000). Students’ mental model changes serve as the most important source covering learning processes and conceptual changes of them (Park 2006). For this reason, it is required to revise the fundamental optics teaching in order to realize the students to learn the light models effectively. 
Although interference and diffraction phenomena have continuously been explained in terms of the wave model of light both at university and high school as well as in the source books, because during the explanations of these topics, rays have been used continuously without realizing that these would be just geometrical representations, these results are naturally not unexpected situation. This shortage appearing very simple pushes students to very mistakes with respect the conception of light and wave model. Several studies (Galili 1996; Galili &amp; Hazan 2000) have shown that many difficulties may occur when using the ray model of light in teaching. Spherical wave surfaces should be used instead of light beams or sinusoidal waves to describe light propagation from source. Also, the wave fronts between slit(s) and pattern should be drawn and the interference should be shown while teaching the interference and diffraction subjects. This usage would prevent students from thinking geometrical optic laws in the physical optics subjects. Also, the water waves in ripple tank would be useful to describe the wave surface as a model for the light wave.
However, the educators should investigate students’ understanding level about the light models in their optics instruction. In addition, they should use the proper instructional materials to overcome the alternative ideas of the students. It is hoped that the results of this study will help the educatiors to recognize the students’ difficulties in both introductory and advanced levels. Besides, the studies about how students use the light models for explaining the other subjects in optics should be conducted.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-71 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moses Tunde Oladiran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacek Uziak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSMENT OF E-LEARNING COURSE DELIVERY FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">access</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eLearning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanical engineering students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WebCT/Blackboard</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720607.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The paper presents results of a study on students’ perception of the eLearning technology, namely WebCT/Blackboard.  The study was carried out at the University of Botswana (UB) during the first semester of 2007/2008 academic year.  Several mechanical engineering courses were delivered using a blended method, i.e. online resource (eLearning) and traditional face to face approach.  An electronic questionnaire was administered to a cohort of third year mechanical engineering students for the study.  The questionnaire consisted of 92 items that covered such areas as facilities, resources, access, instruction and quality issues.  An open ended section enabled students to comment on other issues related to the course delivery.  The paper discusses the challenges of using eLearning and proffers recommendations to ensure that the maximum benefit is derived from technological investment and staff effort. The results show that students were very receptive of ICT based course delivery. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44-53</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilgün  Seçken</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATTITUDES SCALE TOWARDS “NANO TECHNOLOGY” FOR CHEMISTRY TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nanotechnology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">statistical process scale</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740194.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the study is to develop a valid and reliable attitude scale in order to measure the chemistry student-Teachers’ attitudes towards nano technology. During the development phase, a total of twenty-one items that included eleven negative and ten positive statements about nano technology were produced based on experts’ views. These items were statistically analysed in terms of different aspects. The data obtained through these analyses were analyzed by using SPSS software. In the study, the scale was administered to 550 undergarduate students. The data obtained was analysed through factor analysis and reliability analysis. At the final stage, the scale was found to include four factors with sixteen items. After the factor analysis, according to Varimax Rotated (rotated Component Matrix) results, has been found to be four factors and Cronbach-Alpha internal integrity of the final version of the scale was found to be 0,859.The article also includes suggestions about how this scale can be employed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157-171 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sibel Erduran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BEYOND PHILOSOPHICAL CONFUSION: ESTABLISHING THE ROLE OF PHILOSOPHY OF CHEMISTRY IN CHEMICAL EDUCATION RESEARCH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary studies of science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">philosophy of chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720394.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The paper outlines some perspectives from the relatively new field of philosophy of chemistry and explores the implications of these perspectives for chemical education research. The paper is theoretical in nature and uses the review of literature as a methodological approach to synthesise a research territory for the applications of philosophy of chemistry in chemical education. The discussion begins with contextualization of the status of philosophy of chemistry in chemical education in general. Subsequently, the potential contributions of philosophy of chemistry in chemical education research are outlined. The argument is presented that the clarification and elaboration of important philosophical themes such as relativism and positivism are only one aspect of how philosophy of chemistry relates to chemical education research. Other contributions include the insights philosophy of chemistry can offer about the epistemological, linguistic and ethical aspects of chemistry - themes that have profound implications for how teaching and learning of chemistry are structured at the level of the classroom as well as how teacher education and curriculum design can be improved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-14</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frackson Mumba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeffrey Carver Vivien M. Chabalengula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William J. F. Hunter</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHEMISTRY TEACHING FELLOWS’ UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC THEORIES AND LAWS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching of dyslexic pupils</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720457.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to assess five chemistry teaching fellows’ understanding of the characteristics and functions of scientific theories and laws, as well as the relationships between them before and after an intervention. The chemistry teaching fellows were participating in a University-School partnership project funded by the National Science Foundation in USA. Data were collected through pre-and post-test questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by coding the responses to identify recurring themes. Results show that before instruction most fellows held un-informed views on the characteristics of scientific theories and laws, their functions and relationships. However, after the intervention most participants developed better understanding of these concepts. Four types of relationships between scientific laws and theories emerged from participants’ responses: discrete, intertwined, concentric, and cyclical. The findings have significant implications for teacher education, science teaching and learning, and training of graduate teaching assistants at the university level. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-21</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Özel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Fančovičová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHILDREN’S CONCEPTIONS OF ANIMAL BREATHING: A CROSS – AGE AND CROSS – CULTURAL COMPARISON</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">breathing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary children</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740367.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research on children’s ideas about biological phenomena showed that their interpretations of natural phenomena often differ from those of scientists. The purpose of this study was to investigate children’s ideas about animal breathing systems. This study was descriptive in nature and consisted of a cross age and cross cultural design involving the collection of qualitative data from a total of 549 children from two distinct countries, Slovakia (n = 248) and Turkey (n = 301). The results revealed that understandings of invertebrates breathing systems were generally poorer than understandings of vertebrates breathing systems. Turkish children acquired better scores than Slovakian children. Although some children were able to identify breathing organs of animals, they had difficulties with describing how breathing works.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191-207 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean  Boilevin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO THE REPRESENTATION OF LIGHT FOR FIVE-, EIGHT- AND TEN-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN: DIDACTICAL PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children’s representations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">didactics of physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the concept of light</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740300.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Children’s mental representations of physical concepts and phenomena are often different from those of scientists. In this paper we investigate the issue of understanding light in space as an entity by schoolchildren aged 5 (127 subjects), 8 (142 subjects) and 10 (132 subjects), before they receive any systematic teaching in school. This research was conducted through individual interviews in which the children were asked to talk about light and its results and to locate it in various experimental situations. The results of this study show that even though all the children of all ages have difficulty understanding light as an entity in space, as they grow older they make significant progress in disconnecting light from light sources. These findings allow us to seek out educational perspectives on the understanding of the concept of light in organised scholastic environments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">182-190 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2009</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2009</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2009</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2009, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-62</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2009</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2009</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">137-138</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aykut  Bozdoğan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat  Demirbaş</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF UNIVERSITY PROCESS IN IMPROVING THE MISCONCEPTIONS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS ABOUT MOTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motion concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740144.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, the effects of university experiences in improving the misconceptions of pre-service science teachers about motion (displacement, distance, average velocity and speed) they brought from secondary education were investigated. This descriptive study was conducted in Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Education between 2003 - 2007 academic years. Total 52 students studying in science education department took part in the study. In the data collection, 12 open-ended questions were asked to pre-service science teachers both in the 1st and 4th years. Frequency tables and percentages were used for analyzing and presenting the data. The paper concludes by arguing that university process could not remove the misconceptions of pre-service science teachers regarding the definitions and quantities of displacement, distance, average velocity, speed, and operational questions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">145-156 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frackson Mumba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erin  Wilson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vivien M.  Chabalengula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William  Mejia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simeon  Mbewe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELEMENTARY EDUCATION PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS GRAPHS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">affect and value</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">graph</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740242.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examined pre-service elementary education teachers’ attitude towards graphs. Attitude was defined in terms of six aspects: Effort, Value, Cognitive competency, Affect, Difficulty and Interest. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Pre-service teachers felt they had cognitive competence for graphing, valued graphs and expressed affection for graphs regardless of their perceived difficulties and low interest in graphs. Value was the only aspect that correlated with all other five aspects, in particular with Affect. Surprisingly, the number of mathematics courses taken by pre-service teachers did not make any difference in their attitude towards graphs. However, the number of science courses they took in high school made a difference in their attitude towards graphs. These findings have implications for teacher education and mathematics and science teaching and learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">172-181 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2009</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131-136</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2009</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58-60</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2009</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">208-212</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera Čižkova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hana Čtrnactova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tereza Nečesana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ECOLOGICAL EDUCATION THROUGH INTERACTIVE TASKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interactive tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739843.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecology, environmental protection, and education leading to sustainable development are at present one of the dominant educational topics at primary and secondary schools. Though a great deal of attention is paid to teaching of these topics in educational systems of most countries, it is mostly only in terms of theory with a little emphasis on comprehension. One of the ways of how to change this situation is the use of appropriate learning tasks that would make the lessons more interesting, would show a link between these lessons and the practice and would lead to the acquisition of skills, competences and approaches of sustainable character. Therefore our focus was to develop a method of how to create interesting interactive learning tasks and the ways of their application in educational practice. Our research has designed a set of such tasks and verified their effectiveness in practice.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110-119 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagnija Cedere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daina Mozeika</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LATVIAN STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF SUBSTANCE CHANGES: LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH 1998 – 2008</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">longitudinal research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical and chemical changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">understanding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739639.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the general problems in science education for different students at comprehensive school is understanding the nature of physical and chemical changes. Without a clear picture of the fundamental differences on sub micro level, it is not possible in the future to follow general rules of chemical reactions between substances, as well as to understand the use of different materials in everyday life.
Students of the grades 9 and 11 were asked to fill in a special questionnaire, in which questions about real physical and chemical changes from students’ daily life were included. The results testify that the knowledge and understanding of the essence of chemical reactions has slightly increased in Latvia, although the general results show that understanding of the nature of phase transitions and chemical reactions is still insufficient, especially at the grade 9 levels.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79-87 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aarne Toldsepp</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE MATHEMATICAL AND LOGICAL APPROACHES TO R&amp;D WORK OF COMPILING CURRICULA FOR CHEMISTRY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum design and structuring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relevance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739889.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to show how combine qualitative and quantitative approaches in the framework of R&amp;D activities for compiling balanced curricula for chemistry education. The mathematical model based on graph theory was built up. This model allowed us to calculate two kinds of parameters to characterize the structure and composition of a given teaching material:
- parameters characterizing every single structural element of the teaching material in the selected content;
- parameters describing the teaching material as a whole. 
Two important educational concepts of selection and structuring of teaching material was derived from mathematical model represented by directed graph – continuity and compactness. As an example of using mathematical and logical approaches for compiling curricula of chemistry education these theoretical concepts were applied to organic chemistry courses for basic and high schools. Results showed that the mergering of curriculum design with chemical epistemology, personal and social relevance of teaching material and mathematical and logical models creates a new forum where constraints to educational reforms can be reviewed and resolved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120-129 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayse Sert Cibik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emine Selcen Darcin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ABOUT SOME BASIC AIR POLLUTANTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service science teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720517.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to investigate the Turkish pre-service science teachers’ level of knowledge about air pollution. The participants’ levels of knowledge about “Air Pollution” were identified via a closed form questionnaire. The measuring instrument is applied on 325 female and 137 male students inside of the sample and a total of 462 students was applied this test. The questionnaire using in this study consisted of 17 statements. The results of the study revealed that; even though Turkish pre-service science teachers’ level of knowledge about air pollution were well shaped, it is shown that most of these pre-service science teachers have misconception. The results show that they did not have adequate knowledge (level) about some basic air pollutants and their effects. The results also revealed that pre-service teachers have misconceptions about whether the pollutants CFCs, CO2 and Hydrocarbons are pollutants or not. In order to prevent that, pre-service teachers should be informed about the effects and activities of these pollutants and what should be done. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-34</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Özden</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROSPECTIVE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ CONCEPTIONS OF THE SOLUTION CHEMISTRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prospective science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solution chemistry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739580.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study investigated to determine and characterize prospective science teachers’ conception of the concept of solution chemistry and its related concepts. An instrument containing open-ended questions was built by the researcher first and administered to 30 prospective science teachers. In addition, semi-structured interviews were administered by researcher with 5 students from the sample in order to clarify their written responses. The results indicated that the prospective science teachers’ understandings of most of the concepts were in specific misconception level. Particularly, prospective science teachers showed good understanding on electrical conductivity of solution, boiling point elevation and characteristics of dissolution process compared to other concepts. On the other hand, they have poor understanding on concept of temperature factor affecting solubility rate, classification of solutions, properties of solutions and difference between melting and dissolution. Furthermore, the results showed that many prospective science teachers could not learn the concepts related to solution chemistry well enough.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69-78 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dalia Augienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUPILS’ SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY DEVELOPMENT IN COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL: THE CASE OF LITHUANIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comprehensive school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific research activity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739793.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article deals with the education of pupils’ abilities and interest in scientific research activity in comprehensive school. The article presents the assessment of the situation of the teaching process in comprehensive school concerning pupils’ interest in scientific research activity, defines the most significant and influential factors stimulating and hindering learners’ interest in scientific research activity. The article gives the assessment of favourableness of current teaching process in orienting pupils for the scientist’s, researcher’s career and the evaluation of teachers’ competences forming and developing pupils’ scientific research abilities in the teaching – learning process. The article makes recommendations on the organization and development of the teaching – learning process, seeking to strengthen learners’ interest in scientific research activity. It gives the prognosis of the change in the situation educating pupils’ interest in scientific research activity and in teachers’ competences forming and developing pupils’ scientific research abilities in the teaching process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97-109</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RELEVANT ASPECTS OF NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION HUMANIZATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contemporary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humanistic criteria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humanization of the educational process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404740082.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is obvious that the theories of Piaget and Bruner left some gaps in the assessment of the evolution of children‘s individuality. Naturally, it was noticed by such famous researchers as Maslow, Rogers, etc. who were the classics of psychology. From the viewpoint of psychology, self actualization, self-expression, etc, are notably crucial aspects while the educational process is approached as the pupil‘s intrinsic, controlled phenomenon. To some purpose, the Lithuania’s National Concept of Education (1992) maintains that humanism is the assertion of human incomparable value, freedom of choice, and responsibility. As the reform of the Lithuanian educational system is still in progress more and more attention is focused on individual training and human values fostering. The present humankind has to solve a number of serious problems. Under the threat of the ecology catastrophe, concern for physical and spiritual health care is felt. All our relations with nature turn out to be problematic. The establishment of a harmonious correlation between nature and society becomes an important task. We cannot exclusively rely on knowledge and mind in any activity as these are not overall dimensions. We also understand having no opportunities to become the lords of nature. According to Nazarenko, ecology problems can be solved taking advantages of science and technology achievements. However, the dynamics of the process should become individual and public, high virtuous and ecologic culture (Nazarenko, 1993). A psychologist Asmolov proposes that the worst of it is that culture oriented towards benefit. Therefore, the humanization and socialization of natural science education is a relevant pedagogic problem.
Thus, contemporary school cannot be the only educational institution that trains the young generation for life – it has to be life itself. The child should not have felt being under an obligation and trying to escape from it. In conclusion we can maintain that:
• the subjects of natural sciences have to help the child to accept the concept of healthy way of life;
• the unity of perceptive and practical activities is a very important condition for humanization, We have to integrate the scientific knowledge of the interaction of the system Nature -Human Being – Society;
• human interrelationship among people should be fostered. 
• natural science education ruins the formed ethnic natural outlook independently of national culture and changes value-based orientation (Ramančionis, 1996). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140-144 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eyvind Elstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Are Turmo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ SELF-REGULATION AND TEACHERS’ REGULATING APPROACHES IN SCIENCE: RESULTS FROM A NORWEGIAN STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-regulated learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher regulating approaches</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720566.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Norway, the curriculum reform known as ‘Knowledge Promotion’ emphasizes that teachers should have high ambitions for their students and provide more so-called ‘learning pressure’ (or academic pressure) in the classroom. This school reform initiated in 2006 puts particular focus on schools’ responsibilities for fostering strategies that benefit student learning. This paper reports an empirical study of Norwegian high school students’ motivation, learning strategy use and self-regulation in science. It focuses on how students respond to teachers’ regulating approaches. The results show that in science classes the goal of teacher mastery seems to have a more positive effect on boys, while girls respond more positively to teachers’ academic pressure. Furthermore, ethnic majority students respond more positively to the mastery approach, while the academic pressure approach seems to be more important for ethnic minority students in the science classroom. In conclusion, we argue against the assumption in theoretical literature that academic pressure gives a somewhat one-sided negative effect. This assumption about academic pressure needs to be more nuanced.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-43</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raffaele Pisano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TOWARDS HIGH QUALIFICATION FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. THE LOSS OF CERTAINTY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school curricula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739418.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is known that teachers and professors at any school and university orders should highly mind education as the first and most general aim of a civil society. It is a fact that many European countries and education centres are reflecting brilliantly upon higher scientific education focusing on physics and mathematics especially. The Institutions also seem to take into account full management autonomy. Accreditation has considered one of the best solutions adopted by central or high-level education authorities to guarantee quality standards in training offered by higher education. It means accrediting education results through a legislative and professional process in order to judge whether an institution or a programme meets proper quality standards.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64-68</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Ozden</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Ozel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kadir Bilen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Erdogan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD BIOLOGY: THE EFFECTS OF GENDER AND ENROLMENT IN BIOLOGY CLASSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739741.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research on the association between achievement and attitudes belong to fundamental questions in science education research. It is proposed that more positive attitudes are associated with better learning outcomes in science. However, recent research has revealed controversial results either supporting or rejecting the “attitude-achievement hypothesis”. Moreover, very little is known about attitudes toward science among university students. In this study undertaken with a large number of university students in Turkey (n= 1301), we examined whether achievement correlates with attitudes toward biology, whether girls have more positive attitudes than boys as observed in previous research and whether those who enrolled in biology classes show more positive attitudes toward biology than those in humanities. The results indicated only weak, although statistically significant, association between attitudes and achievement. Furthermore, both achievement and attitudes toward biology were not influenced by gender or enrolment in biology classes. These results somewhat surprisingly cast doubts on relationships between attitudes and achievement and effects of gender on attitudes toward biology among university students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88-96</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aarne Tõldsepp</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHAT KIND OF RESEARCH DO WE NEED FOR DEVELOPING STL IN SCIENCE EDUCATION?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flexible theories</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Methodology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">statistical methods</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720331.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effectiveness of any R&amp;D work depends on research methodology used by studying nature, regularities and peculiarities related to the researched field of knowledge. How often have we heard that educational researches belong to ‘soft studies’ because all social sciences including science education belong to the soft field of knowledge. A quilty person in this case is not at all science education but educators – researchers working in the field of science education and using only soft methodology and strategies. Any educational research has the same attributes as fundamental (‘strong’) sciences and embraces formulating topics and a tittle, planning theoretical and experimental study, collecting empirical data, statistically treating the results of research etc. There is a single exception between ’soft’ and ‘strong’ studies: in social sciences including science education, we cannot repeat experiments under the same circumstances. During the time between two parallel studies, our kids, pupils, students or currently, our respondents have changed cognitively, emotionally, communicatively etc. A number of changes in their knowledge, skills, values and even in characters can be noticed. In addition to the above mentioned changes, we fail to understand the kind of changes taking place during experimental study.. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suat Unal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHANGING STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS OF FLOATING AND SINKING USING HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hands-on activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sinking and floating</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404719938.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to develop hands-on activities and to investigate their effects in changing students’ misconceptions of floating and sinking. It was conducted with 28 eighth-grade students. To assess students’ understanding and the effects of the instruction based on hands-on activities, a diagnostic test, Floating and Sinking Conceptual Test (FSCT), was employed in the study. It was found out that the instruction based on hands-on activities did have a significant positive effect on students’ understanding of flotation concepts and rules. Moreover, the hands-on activities designed for eight problematic areas where students commonly had difficulties helped them to replace their misconceptions with the scientific ones. It is suggested that further studies should be undertaken to highlight the question ‘Does the conceptual change strategy used in this study affect students’ long-term memory?’</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">134-146</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2008</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2008</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hezekiah Ukegbu Emereole</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORRELATES OF CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF SCIENCE PROCESSES WITH SOME DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: THE CASE OF UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual knowledge of science processes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">undergraduate students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288846.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The conceptual knowledge of the science process of University of Botswana science students was sought through a questionnaire. Copies of the questionnaire were administered during briefing laboratory sessions in which the students had no practical lab work to do. The expressed conceptual knowledge was scored using a validated list of definitions of science processes. The analysis revealed that there was no correlation between the students’ conceptual knowledge of the processes and their demographic variables of gender, age, present programme of study, year of study, desired profession, secondary school science programme followed, their school and home environments. Their ability to provide correct conceptual definitions did not corroborate their stated level of familiarity with the science processes. No student gave correct definitions for three of the science processes, only 3% and less could give correct definitions for 10 of the 15 processes, and only for the processes of classification and communication were the percentages of correct definitions up to 23.3% and 8.2% respectively. It was suggested that science educators at all levels should ensure that their students acquire both conceptual and practical knowledge of the science processes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-16</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2008</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59-60</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2008</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129-130</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2008</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hulusi Çokadar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Özel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ IDEAS ABOUT WATER TRANSPORT IN PLANTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elementary science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student ideas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water transport</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720065.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research into students’ ideas showed that students’ interpretations of natural phenomena often differ from those of scientists. The aim of this study was to identify elementary level students’ ideas about water transport in plants. A questionnaire with three open-ended items and multiple choice question was administered to 591 students from 7 primary schools. Students’ ideas were examined in five categories using content analysis technique. The students’ responses with sound understanding for the “need for water”, for the “water uptake”, and for the “water loss” in plants took place in the interval of 2 to 10 percent, 16 to 30 percent, and 2 to 4 percent, respectively. Half of the students’ responses showed that the teacher was the main source of information about plants.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155-164</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2008</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-60</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2008</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">126</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2008</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">198-200</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andero Vaarik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mare Taagepera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lembi Tamm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOLLOWING THE LOGIC OF STUDENT THINKING PATTERNS ABOUT ATOMIC ORBITAL STRUCTURES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge space theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">symbolic representation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual representation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288983.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present study was to follow the logic of student thinking patterns about atomic orbital structures on both the atomic model visualization and the corresponding symbolic representation levels. The students´ factual knowledge was measured by the percent correct answers with and without explanations, the misconceptions were documented, and the cognitive organization was analyzed using knowledge space theory. The study was carried out with 255 students studying chemistry at the 8th and 9th lower secondary school and 10th to 12th secondary school levels.
       The major findings included (1) the high proportion of correct answers on multiple-choice questions, without correct explanations, leading to false positive results which do not necessarily reflect understanding of the material; (2) the lack of a logic structure in students' thinking due mostly to the misunderstanding of symbols; and (3) misconceptions about what charges represent and the placement of electrons in ionic vs. covalent bonding. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-36</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Erdogan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halil Aydin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INVESTIGATING PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ SATISFACTION WITH SOCIAL SERVICES AND FACILITIES IN TURKISH UNIVERSITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prospective chemistry teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">satisfaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social services and facilities</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288927.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose the study was to investigate the satisfaction level of prospective chemistry teachers with social services and facilities offered by their department and faculty, and also explore the effects of gender and university on the student satisfaction. 101 last year students in the chemistry teaching major in four different universities in Turkey participated in the study. The instrument, Prospective Science Teacher Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSTSQ) was used for data collection. PSTSQ consists of seven sub-themes on a five point Likert type scale. Pilot testing of the instrument indicated that Cronbach alpha (α) was 0.887. The findings revealed that prospective chemistry teachers expressed average level of satisfaction with social services and facilities provided by their faculties and departments. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed that there was no effect of gender on the satisfaction with social services and facilities, but the university enrolled strongly contributed to students’ satisfaction.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17-26</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Aggul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Yalcin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metin Acikyildiz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erdal Sonmez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF DEMONSTRATION-SIMULATION BASED INSTRUCTION IN TEACHING ENERGY CONSERVATION AT 7 TH GRADE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lecture demonstration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching conservation of energy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404719549.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to explore the effect of teaching through demonstration-simulation on students’ achievement of energy conservation in comparison with traditional teaching. The sample consisted of fifty nine 7th grade students from a state primary school in Turkey. In the study, non-equivalent groups pretest-posttest design was used and the data was collected through an achievement test developed by the researchers, Energy Conservation Test. The conservation of energy concept was taught using a demonstration and a simulation in the experimental group and traditional instruction method in the control group. Data collected by the test was statistically assessed applying the analysis of covariance. To explore obviously the class atmosphere in experimental group, it was utilized from the teacher’s observation notes and student interviews. The statistical comparison showed that there was a significant difference between groups with respect to students’ scores of the test. Moreover, the analysis of the qualitative data indicated that such a class atmosphere supported the constructive and meaningful learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64-77</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEARNERS’ SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY AS A KEY COMPONENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION IN COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">exploratory activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific research activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404719884.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The formation of scientific research activity abilities in comprehensive school is   undoubtedly, a very important sphere still awaiting of particular attention. Current teaching and learning process has basically changed looking from the paradigmatic point of view. Teaching subjects become the means of realization of learners’ demands and interests. 
When we talking about such kind of learners` activity we often use different terms, for example, inquiry-based (structured inquiry, guided inquiry, open inquiry), exploratory activities etc. Use of different terms is of secondary importance at present. It is much more important to develop scientific research abilities at all stages of school education.
Thus, a key point of scientific research activity is that children themselves become knowledge hunters. Also it is clear that creating all possibilities for learners to conduct different research activities is a key component to successful science education. It is a pity that scientific research activity frequently stands outside the door of the science education process. Hence, opening the door is the obligation of all of us. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132-133</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Broks</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LET’S DEVELOP MODERN GENERAL NATURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theory of learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288801.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dear Readers!

Nowadays, there is an urgent need to increase the e f f e c t i v e n e s s of Natural Science and Technology Education (NSTE). To solve the corresponding problems, we need the appropriate development of S y s t e m i c NSTE D i d a c t i c s because all serious improvements in our modern life and education are systemic changes. 
Traditionally, the Professional NSTE systems in our schools are dominating and today it is one of the points, why we need serious improvement – the development of modern G e n e r a l N S T E as fundamental background of modern Professional NSTE, as well as modern General Education for all. It is urgent to turn special attention to principal difference in understanding the concept “didactics” by professional scientists/engineers and educators. 
Didactics is the theory of learning. What, why and how to learn - these are the basic questions for all kinds of education. In Professional NSTE concept “didactics” is traditionally understood only as the content and the methodology of Sciences and Technologies themselves.
Nowadays, for the development of modern General NSTE, we need a much broader approach to Sciences and Technologies, taking away isolating gaps among different branches, stages and kinds of education, as well as among Natural Sciences, Technologies and Education themselves.
Working for higher effectiveness of General NSTE, we need to develop and implement the systemic overlapping of scientific content and science methodology with general pedagogical concepts and structures of learning, as well as with corresponding the content and the methodology of modern technologies.
Growing diversity in our life also needs the s y s t e m i c development of appropriate hierarchical diversity in education. At the same time it is important to know that traditions are very strong and the innovative approaches are not popular. The answer to the question “what NSTE for what life?” becomes more and more waited and urgent. 
Let me wish success to all colleagues, developing systemic didactics of General NSTE and ask them to inform each other by publishing corresponding articles in our Journal of Baltic Science Education. 

Sincerely yours,
Prof Dr Andris Broks 
University of Latvia
Latvia 
Deputy Editor-in-Chief of JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mika Huuhtanen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jenni Ylä-Mella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eila Jeronen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riitta L. Keiski</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A NOVEL APPROACH FOR UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCHER EDUCATION IN ENGINEERING STUDIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance learning environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">researcher education course</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">undergraduate students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720206.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The researcher education course for undergraduate engineering students has been developed in the Department of Process and Environmental Engineering at the University of Oulu. The course familiarizes students to research and researcher’s work and aims to encourage them toward a research career. The approach of the course is unique in the field of engineering education in Finland. In this paper, the establishment of the course is discussed in the light changing targets and requirements of higher engineering education. Further, the course development from contact lecturing toward distance education is described. Finally, the possibility to use new and more versatile learning methods together with the traditional lecturing methods is considered based on the feedback given by the students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185-192</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christoph Randler</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUPILS’ FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT VERTEBRATE SPECIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factual animal species knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404289078.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity has become a challenging educational topic and basic knowledge about animal or plant species, their identification and life history has been targeted as a fundamental aspect. There are few studies aiming at assessing pupils’ knowledge about vertebrates and it’s identification skills in pupils. Further, many educational practitioners and conservationists claim a significant decrease of species knowledge in today’s children and adolescents. Here, I try to quantify the knowledge about animal species using a large, illustrated questionnaire dealing with 54 vertebrate species. 879 lower secondary school pupils and 65 primary school pupils (4th graders) from three geographic regions throughout Germany participated in the study. Species knowledge was dependent on educational level and gender. It did not increase parallel to age or grade but rather reached a peak during the age of 14 years or during the 7th grade, respectively. Further, species knowledge did not decrease between the early 1980ies and 2005.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48-54</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION JOURNALS AND CITATION INDEXES: WHAT SHOULD WE DO?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">academic journals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">citation index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404719475.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We are now glad to release the second issue of the third volume. In this issue there are four articles, again from a diverse set of topics and regions of the globe.  In the past seven years JBSE has become known by almost every colleague in our field. Thus, we are receiving an increasing number of manuscripts every month. We would like to take this opportunity and thank all of our authors and diligent reviewers.
We had gone through considerable difficulty to decide and choose articles for publication. We thank the members of the editorial board for doing the hard work in reviewing manuscripts and providing feedback to both authors and the editorial office.
As you’ll see there are 4 articles published in this issue. Authors are from 4 different countries. 
Considering increasing impact of modern technologies on everyday lives of all peoples, science education receives greater attention of both researchers general public than previously. This situation resulting in high number of manuscripts submission in this field and consequently the number of specialized journals also continuously increase. Unfortunately, the vast majority of science education journals are still not indexed in the most prestigious scientific database, the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). From our point of view, only quality of published papers can help us to increase the number of SSCI journals in the field of science education. Thus, both contributors and editors together with referees in this situation have very difficult task, because only selection of best quality papers provides a chance to a journal to be indexed in SSCI. However, the main goal of a review process is not just dichotomously dividing papers on “Good” and “Poor” group, as it is currently common practice in top tiered science education journals which are swamped by papers from all over the world. Instead, we appeal on both referees for objective, but picky reviews, and editors for patience in providing another chance for paper re-submissions, especially for inexperienced authors. We suggest that this is the only way how to honestly increase the quality of published papers and reaching indexing our new science education journals in prestigious databases. 
Anna Uitto (Finland), Fatma Aggul (Turkey),  Janis Gedrovics (Latvia), Jari Lavonen (Finland), Erdal Sonmez (Turkey),  Kalle Juuti (Finland), Mehmet Bahar (Turkey), Mehmet Yalcin (Turkey),  Murat Ozel (Turkey), Metin Acikyildiz (Turkey), Pavol Prokop (Slovakia), Muhammet Usak (Turkey),  Renāte Kalniņa (Latvia), Reijo Byman (Finland) and Veijo Meisalo (Finland).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehmet Bahar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Ozel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE STUDENT TEACHERS’ IDEAS OF THE HEART</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drawing method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heart structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ ideas</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404719630.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to find out the level of science student teachers’ understanding about the internal structure of the heart. The drawing method was applied to achieve this purpose with 120 third year science student teachers. The analysis of their drawings revealed that the majority of the science student teachers have several misconceptions as well as inadequate knowledge in terms of the heart’s internal structure. The importance of the findings was critically analysed in the light of the literature, and some suggestions were proposed to remedy the emerged problems. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78-85</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Skoumios</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOCIOCOGNITIVE CONFLICT PROCESSES IN SCIENCE LEARNING: BENEFITS AND LIMITS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">floating</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sociocognitive conflict</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720105.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present paper focuses on instructional treatment of students’ conceptions about floating and sinking through sociocognitive conflict processes. In this direction a study was prepared including the detection of students’ conceptions of floating and sinking as well as the design, implementation and evaluation of teaching sequences implemented in 14 year-old students in Greece. Data collection was carried out through interviews and qualitative analysis of the students’ writings and talk during the teaching sequences. The analysis of the students’ writings and talk brought out their different reactions to sociocognitive conflict processes as well as the different learning outcomes of those processes as regards the change and construction of new conceptions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">165-174</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reijo Byman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veijo Meisalo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalle Juuti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Uitto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATIONS AND CAREER CHOICE IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION IN FINLAND AND LATVIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career choice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparative study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404719696.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper examines lower secondary school students’ motivational orientations on the characteristics of science and technology occupations. The survey data of 9th grade students were collected in spring 2003, in Finland from 75 schools (3626 students) and in Latvia from 39 schools (1065 students). An exploratory factor analysis was used to describe the students’ orientations towards the characteristics of or activities typical to occupations. The multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used for the simultaneous analysis of Finnish and Latvian data and the factorial invariance across the two separate data was confirmed. The factors were named: Personally meaningful, Leadership, Craft, Nature, Innovation, and Social orientation. Characteristics related especially to Personally meaningful orientation, and also to Innovation and Social orientations appeared most important for choice of future occupations. Boys, on the average, were much more oriented towards conventional technology than girls, whereas girls had much stronger Personally meaningful, Nature, and Social orientations than boys reflecting traditional role models. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86-102</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Fančovičová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS` UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN PREGNANCY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birth education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ understanding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404289030.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research into students’ concepts about the human body has focused on several organ systems, but the reproductive system has been largely overlooked. The few studies that addressed children’s concepts of birth were conducted mainly among kindergarten or primary school children. However, no study has yet attempted to examine how adolescent students perceive human pregnancy. We administered a Human Pregnancy Understanding Questionnaire (HPUQ) consisting of 50 Likert-type items to 300 university students in Slovakia. We found several misunderstandings of human fertilization, fetus respiration, and organ development. Moreover, several misconceptions found in Slovakian primary school children in the previous research still persist in adult students. Analysis of covariance shows that students’ HPUQ scores were significantly affected by gender whereas females have better scores than males. The effect of high school type attendance (with/without human biology course) did show only weak effect on students’ HPUQ score.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-47</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renāte Kalniņa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SYSTEM FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF MULTI-LEVEL INDEPENDENT WORK AIMED AT MODERN MASTERING OF CHEMISTRY IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">complexity proportionality principle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">group work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">homework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-managed/independent learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404719746.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the most topical education tasks today is to provide an individual with a systematic self-managed learning possibility, through activating his/her reasoning potential and developing independent research work skills. The article deals with a system model of multi-level independent work organization concentrated on student’s learning and research activity in close interaction with the chemistry subject’s content. Being appropriate for training of modern seafaring (engineering) specialists and substantial for a student, it facilitates implementation of an independent, self-managed learning concept. The structural concept of the proposed model is based on a cooperation-oriented student’s practical and research activity. Alternately changing the structure elements it promotes: (i) development of the comprehension of the chemistry knowledge application and transformation; facilitates (ii) mastering of integrative knowledge and skills; improves (iii) chemistry learning productivity and scientific comprehension; strengthens (iv) self-regulated activity experience, thus ensuring the perfection of research activity competencies. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">103-121</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agnieszka Kamińska-Ostęp</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanna Gulińska</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEACHING METHODS AND AIDS ASSISTING DYSLEXIC PUPILS  IN LEARNING CHEMISTRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching of dyslexic pupils</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720008.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Some pupils (about 10% to 15% of population) exhibit specific difficulties in learning called dyslexia. They cannot work effectively in the traditional educational system. Despite their hard work they usually achieve worse results compared to the pupils without this dysfunction. Learning difficulties caused by dyslexia are also observed in learning chemistry. The studies were aimed at finding which methods and educational means can assist the learning process of chemistry by dyslexic pupils. Their main characteristics was the fact that they took into account the specification of the thinking processes in these pupils. The studies proved that there are methods which have a positive effect on the process of learning chemistry by dyslexic pupils. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">147-154</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Seker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILL THE CONTRUCTIVIST APPROACH EMPLOYED IN SCIENCE TEACHING CHANGE THE “GRAMMAR” OF SCHOOLING?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching and learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720152.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to describe the extent to which constructive approach in Primary School Science and Technology subject programme is reflected in the classroom atmosphere. For this purpose, the study investigates how students perceive cooperativeness in the classroom, order and student involvement, teacher involvement and support and which factor(s) in the new programme are thought to be better than the ones in the old programme. The present study where descriptive method was applied was carried out with 371 fifth grade students. In the study, Classroom Environment Scale was used. The students positively perceive the new classroom environment where the new Science and Technology subject programme is applied. The findings obtained from the study indicate the reflections of constructivist approach in the classroom environment and considerable presence of behaviourism as well. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175-184</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Jonsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Gustafsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margareta Enghag</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTEXT RICH PROBLEMS AS AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL IN PHYSICS TEACHING – A CASE STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context rich problems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cooperative groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288026.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a case study, in which we used context rich problems as an educational tool in a university level physics course. The students worked in groups of three to four when solving these problems, which provided them with an opportunity to discuss physics together at their own level. Video recordings of groups working with the problems allowed us to study how different groups functioned and also to look for what is known as exploratory talks. This form of communication was interpreted as situational interest on the part of the students. A questionnaire at the end of the course, and interviews with a few of the students after the course, revealed that the students considered that context rich problems facilitated understanding of physical concepts and made physics more interesting..</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26-34</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606638374.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover, JBSE, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2007</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1607790568.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2007</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1607784492.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover, JBSE, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2007</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oleg Popov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irina Tevel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING PROSPECTIVE PHYSICS TEACHERS’ SKILLS OF INDEPENDENT EXPERIMENTAL WORK USING OUTDOORS APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">introductory physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outdoors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ projects</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404286929.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper discusses the development of an Introductory Physics course at a Pedagogical University in Russia. The course focuses on developing students’ skills of independent experimental work. Piotr Gal’perin’s (1902-1988) ideas, that learning should begin with a profound orientation to the learning task and integrate students’ self-reflections, provide a theoretical ground for the course development. An outdoor context was used to inspire and implement the students’ self-directed projects. Evidence of the outcomes of different elements of the course implementation was collected through action research methodology. The results show that the students deepen their skills of inquiry and value doing independent planning and implementation of experimental activities in an outdoor environment.
           In the new course design, priorities shifted towards developing students’ advanced skills of experimental activity and understanding of inquiry. The students learned to reflect about experimental activity as a whole. The generic skills of inquiry developed indoors were applied and further developed when solving practical problems outdoors.
           The evidence collected during the course revealed a generally positive attitude of the first year students towards the new teaching methods. The students had more time and possibilities to discuss the ideas and to plan and implement investigations. They felt responsibility for their own learning and ownership of their projects. Positive changes in students’ attitudes towards the experimental work could be identified. The most significant improvement took place in planning the inquiry, as well as in results analysis. 
         The course development work gives us evidence that the students’ orientation in generic forms of experimental activity is productive and particular important in teacher education. Prospective teachers get better possibilities of acquiring skills of inquiry and not only content. The outdoors approach enriched the design of the introductory physics course. It inspired the new vision of the objectives and structure of this course. Generally, students gave a positive response in evaluations of outdoor studies ranging from satisfaction to a very positive attitude. 
          However, one course can not change the system. Unfortunately, we can state that the courses where students continue their studies after the Introductory Physics course represent the rather traditional scholastic culture of physics courses, with creativity limited to finding standard solutions for standard problems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47-57</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlasta Hus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY SCIENCE TEACHING IN THE NEW PRIMARY SCHOOL IN SLOVENIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empirical study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404286992.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Focusing the problem of rapidly disappearing interest for natural science and technical studies the Slovene school system began to reform natural science and technical teaching from the beginning - from the primary level. The article presents the results of the empirical study, which monitored the changes of quality in early science teaching on primary level after changes of school system at the end of the millennium.
        We have discovered that in most aspects the Environmental Studies teaching is of better quality (because it is more student oriented, the quality of knowledge is better etc.) if compared to the teaching of the Natural and Social Sciences regarding the observed didactic components. This can be seen as a result of different conceptual and didactic structures of the Environmental Studies and additional continuous work and team work of the teaching staff. Furthermore, it is due to a better material basis/financial status of the Environmental Studies lessons, a lower number of pupils in the class and also to the phenomenon of innovation. The fact that the pupils feel better and the teachers, as well as nursery nurses have a more positive attitude towards the subject, is very stimulating. The results of our research should, above all, contribute to the quality of planning, implementation and evaluation of the teaching of the Environmental Studies in the first year, as well as in the following two years of the nine-year primary school programme. We also consider them useful in the education of the future teachers and nursery nurses of the Environmental Studies in the primary school education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58-65</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ercan Akpınar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF DUAL SITUATED LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dual situated learning model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis and respiration concept</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288495.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Dual Situated Learning Model (DSLM) on teaching photosynthesis and respiration concepts. The subjects of the study were 61 8th grade students who enrolled in a primary school in İzmir, Turkey. In this study, a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was utilized and two instruction methods were employed. Two groups were assigned randomly as experimental and control groups. Dual Situated Learning Model instruction was employed in experimental group whereas traditional one was employed in control group. A photosynthesis and respiration concept achievement test (17 items) and open-ended questions (6 items) were used as a measurement tools. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the groups in favor of the experimental group. In parallel, DSLM has been found to be more effective in eliminating misconceptions than traditional method. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16-26</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sacit Köse</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF CONCEPT MAPPING INSTRUCTION ON OVERCOMING 9th GRADE STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diffusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">osmosis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404287972.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the present study was to determine 9th grade students’ misconceptions on the concepts of diffusion and osmosis and to investigate the effect of making use of concept mapping instruction on overcoming the misconceptions. The experimental study was conducted in two different classes of a high school context with a total of 50 9th grade students in Denizli, Turkey. The concepts of the diffusion and osmosis were taught the students in the experimental group with the instruction designed by making use of concept mapping method whereas these topics were taught to the control group with traditional instruction. The Diffusion and Osmosis Diagnostic Test developed by Odom and Barrow (1995) was given to both groups as pre-test and post-test. The results indicated that after treatment, the average percentage of students in the experimental group holding a scientifically correct view increased 42%, whereas this increased only 15% in the control group. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16-25</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orhan Akinoglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeynep Yasar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF NOTE TAKING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION THROUGH THE MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND CONCEPT LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mind-mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">taking notes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288606.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to determine the effects of note taking during their science courses through the technique of mind mapping by primary education students, on their attitudes, academic achievement and concept learning. In the study, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. In the quantitative research area, the pre-test and post-test assessment model with experiment and control groups was used. In the qualitative research area, document analyses were made. The research was performed on 81 randomly chosen 6th (ages 11 and 12) grade students from public schools in the district of Fatih, Istanbul during the scholastic year 2004-2005. The application period took 21 course hours in total. The reliability coefficient of the academic achievement test, which was one the three measurement instruments, was calculated as KR20=0, 73. The Cronbach of the scale for the attitudes towards science courses, developed by Akinoglu (2001). is α= 0, 89. The open-ended questions used in the research were qualitatively encoded by means of open-codification method. On the basis of the data obtained in the research, it was determined that there was a significant positive difference in students’ concept learning, overcoming misconceptions, academic achievement and attitudes towards science courses by taking notes through the mind-mapping method.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34-43</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selami Yeşilyurt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yılmaz Kara</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF TUTORIAL AND EDUTAINMENT SOFTWARE PROGRAMS ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENTS, MISCONCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS BIOLOGY ON THE CELL DIVISION ISSUE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer assisted instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evaluation of educational technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instructional software</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404287919.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tutorial and edutainment design of instructional software programs related to the ‘‘cell division’’ topic on student achievements, misconceptions and attitudes. An experimental research design including the cell division achievement test (CAT), the cell division concept test (CCT) and biology attitude scale (BAS) was applied at the beginning and at the end of the research. After the treatment, general achievement in CAT increased in favor of experimental groups. Instructional software programs also had the positive effect to the awareness of students’ understandings to the general functions of mitosis and meiosis. However, the current study revealed that there were still some misconceptions in the experimental groups even after the treatment. It was also noticed that using instructional software programs significantly changed students’ attitudes towards biology.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-15</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1607784540.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2007</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59-62</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1607790617.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 6, No. 1, JBSE, 2007</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">93-96</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606638417.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2007</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-56</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksandriya Gendjova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN CHEMISTRY BY HOME EXPERIMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry home experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivation strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ interest</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288446.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Тhis study investigates the effect of home experiments on students’ interest in chemistry. The subject of the study are two groups of a total of 213 seventh graders. The control group performed traditional experiments in the classroom, while the experimental group an additional set of different home experiments. To research students’ interest the following methods were used: observation, testing, survey. Results show that students from the experimental group acquired higher level of knowledge, expressed positive attitudes toward the subject, and a desire to do extra activities.This results indicate that use of home experiments to connect chemistry with the real life of the students creates the conditions for an increased students’ interest.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-15</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuula Keinonen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLANATIONS FOR PHYSICS PHENOMENA GIVEN BY PRIMARY SCHOOL WOULD-BE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arguments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">explanations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404287134.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A naturalistic case study on the way primary school would-be teachers explain physics was conducted in Science and Technology Education.  The study dealt with explaining physics phenomena (mechanics, thermodynamics, optics and electricity) at the beginning and at the end of the course on physics.  Although the students used everyday and scientific knowledge their explanations also offered mixed information that comprised both types. When using scientific knowledge the most advanced justifications were found in the issues concerning mechanics and electricity related phenomena. The students mainly used everyday expressions discussing the cases of light and heat.     
      This study gives detailed information about primary school would-be teachers’ ways of explaining physics phenomena. The would-be teachers explained physics phenomena using different types of knowledge including everyday knowledge, everyday knowledge with scientific concepts, scientific sounding knowledge with everyday concepts and scientific knowledge. Scientific knowledge seems to be necessary in order the would-be teacher succeed in explaining everyday phenomena. The explanations in everyday topics also gave a different picture of the students´ knowledge, from what the exam had given.  The analysis of the explanations can thus give other information on the results of learning.  No difference was observed in the nature of the explanations given by different students. If a primary school would-be teacher did explain one question well, s/he did not necessarily do well in other questions.  No specific coherence between the students and their responses was found.  The would-be teachers possibly have different experiences of everyday life and also due to school science and different mental images of different topics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78-91</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bayram Coştu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suat Ünal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alipaşa Ayas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A HANDS-ON ACTIVITY TO PROMOTE CONCEPTUAL CHANGE ABOUT MIXTURES AND CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical compound</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hands-on activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ understanding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404286868.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study revealed students’ conceptions about mixtures and chemical compounds and also investigated the effects of a hands-on activity designed to improve their understanding of differences between two concepts. The sample consists of 52 seventh grade students in a primary school. Students’ ideas were elicited by a test consisting of six open-ended questions. An intervention designed based on students’ preconceptions. The intervention, in which two different colored balls of clay were used, comprises a hands-on activity whose aim was to help students distinguish essential differences between mixtures and chemical compounds. After the intervention, the test was re-administered to the sample as a post-test. Both qualitative and quantitative assessment indicated positive effects of the intervention on students’ understanding. The results suggest that teachers and curriculum developers should take into account this kind of activities in order to help students understand confusing concepts.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-46</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lutfullah Turkmen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INFLUENCES OF ELEMENTARY SCIENCE TEACHING METHOD COURSES ON A TURKISH TEACHERS COLLEGE ELEMENTARY EDUCATION MAJOR STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE AND SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elementary science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404287084.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main purpose of this study was to find the influences of elementary science teaching method courses on Turkish elementary education major students’ attitudes toward science and science teaching in a Turkish Teachers College. The results of both pre and post-test scores showed that elementary education major students have positive attitudes toward science and science teaching. Statistically, only one significant positive change (pair-wise t-tests) was found between the pre and post-test scores; that is, students significantly gained more positive attitudes toward science teaching. On the other hand, the mean difference after taking elementary science teaching method courses did not show a significant result on the attitudes toward science. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that Elementary science teaching method courses have a positive influence on attitudes toward science teaching but this conclusion is not the same for the attitudes toward science. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66-77</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rytis Vilkonis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS IN BALTIC COUNTRIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expert inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modern ICT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288087.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information technologies play a crucial role in building a knowledge-based society. However, even the most advanced technologies will not produce a required effect if their use (application) in the educational system is not adequate to the current development of technologies and increased educational needs. The initial information literacy abilities are formed in comprehensive school as presently, these educational establishments have the possibility of employing different information technologies. It is probably often related to appropriate computer technologies and the Internet.
        During the last five years, a number of investigations into the field of natural science education have been carried out. On the other hand, to more accurately identify the situation in different regions of Europe, lack of in-depth expert research can be noticed. Therefore, the latter survey (expert inquiry) is aimed at examining the situation on using ICT in natural science education in Baltic countries. A precondition that the obtained findings will be useful for improving the process of natural science education in terms of ICT applicability and efficient use can be made. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-49</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frackson Mumba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vivien Mweene Chabalengula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William Hunter</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INQUIRY LEVELS AND SKILLS IN ZAMBIAN HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS, TEXTBOOKS AND PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">examinations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">syllabus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">textbooks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288148.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study analyzed the Zambian high school chemistry syllabus, textbooks, and practical examinations for inquiry levels and skills. The chemistry syllabus was explicit on inquiry skills and levels. Experiments in the chemistry textbooks and practical examinations were mostly at confirmation and structured inquiry levels respectively. Very few experiments were at guided inquiry level and none at open inquiry level in the textbooks and practical examinations. However, the course materials emphasized the same inquiry skills. There were no guidelines on inquiry-based teaching in the course materials. As such, this is a potential obstacle to the implementation of inquiry science teaching. Implications for science teaching, learning, and curriculum design have been discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50-57</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEREST IN SCIENCE AS THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL SCIENCE STUDIES OR - AWAKEN THE INTEREST, DEVELOP AND STRENGTHEN IT!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404287861.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dear readers!

When, ten years ago, together with colleagues from Linköping University we, as part of the Visby project in Sweden, analysed the reasons behind students’ motivation to become science teachers, we took it as almost a surprise that for 75% of those students the reason was that they had always been interested in science. The second most popular answer was - I like working with people/ children. Certainly, evaluating those answers from a time distance, it seems – there was nothing to be so surprised about. Interest is and always has been a driving force for human mind and activities. And, from our personal experience, we know how difficult it is to do a boring job. Though, for adults, their sense of duty also plays a certain role.
But let us bear in mind also how often pupils and adults say – this or that is interesting but is not for me. It seems that today this sentence very often refers to science sphere – there are so many pupils finding this field of great interest but never considering it as their future career. Certainly, not everyone should become a scientist or an engineer, however, a scientifically well-grounded approach to problems, including those of social character, is a quality one can acquire through understanding of the scientific regularities.
This summer several significant scientific events took place in Europe, such as: the 6th IOSTE Symposium for Central and Eastern Europe (Šiauliai, Lithuania), ESERA (European Science Education Research Association) conference in Malmö (Sweden) and others. Pupils’ interest in science, promoting and developing it, even not being the guideline of science didactics right now, is and will always be one of the basic issues for scientists and researchers to focus on. This same issue was discussed also at the above mentioned conferences. The latest research of the ROSE project shows that those pupils who take interest in science themselves and believe that it should be studied by everyone very well understand how school science can form their future careers. They also more often see their future connected with environment protection, which is evidently due to them having more successfully acquired science at school and having better understood the modern environmental problems.
However, raising interest in science is not an easy task in the globalized world of today. There are many things around us so much easier to acquire than good knowledge and solid skills in science subjects! And sometimes we: science teachers and university professors, take an approach that is too academic as, during our school years, profound academic knowledge or even science for science seemed the very peak of the teaching/learning process. And we found that interesting – it was our future!
This is why today, when the latest issue of Journal of Baltic Science Education is published, this event, in our region, coinciding symbolically with the beginning of a new academic year in universities and schools of all levels, I would like to wish every science teacher and natural science researcher – do not lose the enthusiasm about science you possessed as pupils, develop it, and, creatively changed, pass it on to your students and pupils!
Science for science, but, first of all – science for human!</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODERN SCIENCE EDUCATION AS INVESTMENT TO THE FUTURE (DEAR READERS AND WRITERS)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404286522.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dear Readers and Writers!

Recent international and regional scientific research carried out at different level point to mean learners’ involvement into natural sciences. Such tendency is strongly marked in the developed countries. A number of negative tendencies have been disclosed by international ROSE research /http://www.ils.uio.no/english/rose/ the results of which are carefully analyzed in the majority of countries worldwide. Natural science education is playing a crucial role in both developed and developing countries. Quality-based natural science education is necessary for every human living in a modern world. As it was mentioned above, different investigations show that natural sciences have lost their previous attractiveness in the developed countries. On the contrary, the young generation of the developing countries most frequently has a positive interest in natural sciences. Professor A.Broks affirms that presently, the majority of people have failed to take a clear position on the events taking place in our lives, and therefore education is often accepted through chaos as well as through dangerous and old-fashioned ideas promoted by the West. On the other hand, in most of the cases, natural science education in school is not popular, inexactly correspond to the curricula and have no relevance to the learners’ needs. The introduced situation is determined by several common and uncommon factors. The process of natural science education in comprehensive school is one of those not adequate for the present day and achievements in sciences. Such inadequacy first of all has relation with competence of teachers of natural sciences. Insufficient competence is frequently determined by the inappropriate process of studies in universities training would-be teachers of natural sciences. To some purpose, in a number of countries, careful attention is paid to adopt new approaches for training teachers of natural sciences, for example the international project IQST (Improving Quality of Science Teacher Training in European Cooperation) / http://www.iqst.upol.cz/. Although the above introduced project is not large enough, however it is expected that its results will have powerful impact on improving the system of teacher training in universities. The need of the project can be clearly reflected by the remark that in the entire participating countries one can observe lack of science teachers, mainly of physics and chemistry teachers, as well as lack of students in this teacher training. There is not doubt that science teaching has a crucial role to play in shaping the future development of the EU. 
A valid point is that JBSE has found the reader. The editorial board receives interesting manuscripts, suggestions, responses and positive evaluations. The staff of the magazine is grateful to everyone for improving the image of the journal. In behalf of the editorial board I would like to thank all the members of the board as well as the reviewers of the articles for thorough and superficial examination of every paper presented. It’s valuable and immediate help necessary for the magazine to be available for the reader. Ten editions have already been published. We expect that any of the issues included interesting and valuable topics relevant to everyone engaged in improvement of natural science education at all levels of the education system. The readers and authors should accept the fact that due to the increase of the journal’s ratings, from now on, the magazine will be published three times a year. Moreover, considering the standards defined by the international community, the numeration of the periodical has been changed. 
The editorial board is looking forward to collecting articles that discuss various issues. Public natural science education (sophistication) is a burning question. Apparently natural science education is crucial for training the present young generation. In this case, there is no difference whether a young person will be engaged in natural sciences in the future. The increase of the interest of those not involved in sciences or having a previously formed negative attitude towards the subjects is a more complicated problem to be solved. This is concern and obligation of the whole scientific pedagogical society working in the field of natural science education. 
With kind regards!</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palmira Pečiuliauskienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfonsas Rimeika</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PRECONDITIONS OF ECOLOGICAL EDUCATION OF SCHOOL TASKS ON PHYSICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">abstract tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sociocultural tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">specific tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technical tasks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503927782.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article submits the results of research that pursued to establish a number of ecological tasks on physics in natural science education textbooks and to collate the preconditions of ecological education of school tasks on physics in the integrated natural science textbooks and non-integrated physics textbooks of different countries. To fulfil the research, the following methods such as the analysis of literature, the quantitative analysis of the textbooks content, the statistical analysis of empirical data have been applied.

When examining integrated and non-integrated textbooks of different countries, it has been established that the average of ecological tasks varies from 7% in the non-integrated textbooks and up to 12% in the integrated ones. Comparing integrated and non-integrated textbooks of the same form the deviation of comparative rates of ecological tasks varies from statistically irrelevant to statistically absolute. The cases of statistically relevant deviation are fractionally prevailing. The examined non-integrated physics textbooks and integrated natural science textbooks, including the Lithuanian ones, do not basically differentiate evaluating the element of ecological tasks that comprise students’ preconditions of ecological education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12 - 20</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milan Kubiatko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUPILS’ MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT MAMMALS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">age</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mammals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pupils</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404286616.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A misconception about animals has been reported in various research reports on the pupils of all age groups. However, deeper study on the children’s concepts about mammals has never been conducted. This study suggests the ideas about mammals put forward by the children aged from 10 to 15. A questionnaire with 35 multiple choice and open - ended questions were administered to 468 children from 6 elementary schools in Slovakia. The children’s ideas were examined in five dimensions (animal classification and phylogeny; food; foraging strategies; parental care; senses, morphology and anatomy). Serious misconceptions about mammals across all age groups were found out. Our data provides direct implications for teaching biology. 
        This study showed that Slovakian elementary school pupils had serious problems with several concepts about mammals. Our data corroborate previous findings about misidentification of common mammals with other animals (see Kellert, 1985; Trowbridge &amp; Mintzes, 1985, 1988; Braund, 1991, 1998). Moreover, the follow up questions showed that although most of the pupils were aware that a whale is a mammal, they were less sure that whales suck milk or feed on plankton. These findings are in line with our current research focused on the children’ concepts about birds (Prokop, Kubiatko &amp; Fancovicova, acceptted manuscript) and support a necessity of using the multiple questions focused on the same topic rather than using a simple question. Moreover, these data have direct implications for biology practise and can be applied internationally.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-14</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uladzimir Slabin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION AS PROBLEMATIC AREA IN MODERN EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288398.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dear Readers and Writers!

The international scope of everything we do has exponentially increased over the last two decades. From the products we consume to the jobs we hold, and the stores in which we shop – almost all aspects of our lives have an international connection. And this is the case within science education. 
Situation with science education grows problematic worldwide, and it urges in both developing and leading industrialized countries. E.g., recent (2006) scores from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) illustrate it well: the test administered to students in 30 industrialized countries revealed that U.S. students continue to fall behind their peers in math and science. Students from Hong Kong followed Finland’s 15-year-old and Canada performed the best on the science portion of the test. Students in Finland, Taiwan, South Korea, Canada, and Hong Kong were the best performers in Math.
What is the key reason for it? Sciences being hard to master or not &quot;in fashion&quot; today, widely spread humanities-over-sciences references, boring content of science textbooks or out-of-date underpinning pedagogical theory? Whatever it maybe, U.S. science teachers will have to learn much from colleagues in other countries about both their culture and their successful teaching practices. In turn, science educators from other countries can learn much from American science teachers. This will allow us all to better serve the diverse students we teach: students today are more likely to be from other countries and speak other languages. 
Science teachers should increase their participation in diverse types of international activities because they are critical to the future of science education. A critical component of international efforts will be partnerships of teacher organizations. International collaboration today is marked with Internet networking, online teaching, Web 2.0, and open source movement. Science education will benefit from powerful means of visualization (see Periodic Table of Visualization Methods on the Internet) and immersive multi-user 3D environments. Go to Second Life, and you will find ”Chemical Philosophers”, “Geographic Society in Cyberspace”, “Teen educators in SL”, “American Chemical Society”, “Science School”, “Chemistry and Computers”, “Science Park”, “Physics Education” and many others whose concern is science education. That is why University of Oregon Center for Advanced Technology in Education / Center for Global Teaching is interested in implementation of international projects focused on science education like Salamander and Chemistry Hall of Fame in Second Life.
Real and virtual worlds seem to be big and hardly ever compatible. But actually they are pretty close and do not have precise borders. In a magic way, UO CATE in EduIsland is a neighbor of ARiSEnet Teachers Group, which comprises mostly secondary school teachers interested or experienced in teaching students of diversity. Presented in JBSE issue No.1 (2007), ARiSE is a joint European project (another project from ARiSEnet), and their SL group collaborates as a team as well as with the other educator communities in defining pedagogy pertaining to 3D instruction particularly in the math and sciences /http://www.arise-project.org/. 
In this way, Journal of Baltic Science Education, whose topics in this issue include Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Cognitive Science, truly serves as a bridge between European and U.S. educators as well as between real and virtual worlds. Long live this reliable connection and fruitful cooperation for sustainable science education!</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karin Stolpe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helge Strömdahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENT TEACHERS’ REASONING PATTERNS WHILE SOLVING A CONTEXTUALIZED TASK ON THERMAL PHENOMENA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interview</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermal phenomena</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288657.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> In this study three different patterns of reasoning have been identified: linear, star and combined reasoning. As six student teachers were working on a contextualized task on heat and temperature they showed these different patterns of reasoning during an interview situation. The data was analysed using reasoning maps. The patterns are also discussed in relation to the students’ subject matter knowledge in this specific area. There are indications that the reasoning pattern is dependent on what kind of scientific subject matter knowledge the student reveals. Star and combined reasoning make it possible to look at the task from different angles and thereby develop fragmented knowledge into more comprehensive knowledge.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44-54</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Onno De Jong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRENDS IN WESTERN SCIENCE CURRICULA AND SCIENCE EDUCATION RESEARCH: A BIRD’S EYE VIEW</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational theories</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research topics and methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science curriculum innovations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trends</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404286727.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present article starts with a concise report of three important waves of innovation in Western science education, one in the 1960s, one in the 1980s, and one in the 2000s. The background of each wave is concisely explicated in terms of dissatisfaction with the foregoing curriculum and the rise of new general theories on teaching and learning. The reported innovations have influenced the agenda of research in science education in the Western world. In the second part of the article, the main trends in topics and methods of this research are reported. Finally, some main trends in science teacher education are concisely addressed. 
        The present overview indicates a number of important developments in science curricula and research in science education. In the last 50 years, a growing interest in research topics related to students and their learning and teachers and their teaching can be indicated. Recently, an important upcoming research topic is focused on the development of science teachers’ knowledge base (cf. De Jong, Veal &amp; Van Driel, 2002). Trends in science curricula and courses will come and go, and ‘hot topics’ in science education research will rise and fall. So far, so good. However, in my opinion, it is time to pay much more attention to an old issue: the relationship between science education research and science teaching practice. In the last half century, this relationship has been problematic. Several attempts have been made to improve this relationship, for instance, by publishing a growing number of books that would inform and support the practice of science teaching (see e.g. De Jong, Kortland, Waarlo &amp; Buddingh’, 1999; Monk &amp; Osborne, 2000). Nevertheless, for many years, researchers have also pointed out the poor effects of their efforts; for example, they complain that the outcomes of research often do not find their ways into the practice of teaching of science (Shymansky &amp; Kyle, 1992). On the other hand, practising science teachers consider personal experiences, common sense, and official documents as much more important sources of their professional knowledge than results of research (Costa, Marques &amp; Kempa, 2000). In conclusion, one of the biggest challenges of the near future of science education is to bridge the gap between science education research outcomes and science teaching practices in the classroom. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-22</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tacettin Pinarbasi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TURKISH UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS ON ACIDS AND BASES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">equilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404286816.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study is aimed at determining students’ misconceptions about acids and bases. In order to fulfill this aim, open-ended diagnostic questions and semi-structured interviews were used. The diagnostic questions were administered to 91 undergraduates who enrolled in the Primary Science Teacher Training Department in a state university in Turkey. In addition 11 students were interviewed in order to clarify their written responses and to further probe students’ conceptual understandings of the questions asked in the test. The findings revealed a number of misconceptions. The results have implications for tertiary level teaching, suggesting that a substantial review of teaching strategies is needed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23-34</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoltán Tóth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lajos Ludányi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING PHENOMENOGRAPHY COMBINED WITH KNOWLEDGE SPACE THEORY TO STUDY STUDENTS’ THINKING PATTERNS IN DESCRIBING AN ION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge space theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenomenography</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288547.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study compares Hungarian 7th to 11th graders’ thinking patterns in describing an ion. The combination of phenomenography and knowledge space theory was used as evaluation method to explore students’ reasoning and to follow the change in students’ cognitive structures. According to the phenomenographic analysis of the responses, three main categories, ‘ions are particles’, ‘charge of ions’ and ‘formation of ions’, were identified. Connections between these categories were determined by adapting knowledge space theory to the hierarchy of categories. Results showed a typical shape of the process of conceptual change. The initial model for representation of students’ knowledge structure is a simple one but during the instruction this model becomes more complex and finally ‘crystallises’ the new model. In the initial model, the ‘charge of ions’ category was independent of the ‘formation of ions’ category, and these both categories were built on the category ‘ions are particles’. Significant change in connections among categories could be detected in 8th grade. From 8th grade the category ‘ions are particles’ as basic knowledge was changed into the category ‘charge of ions’. At the end of the instruction (in 11th grade) – after mixing these models in 9th and 10th grades – a double model with basic category ‘charge of ions’ was found for representation of students’ thinking patterns in describing an ion.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-33</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1607974129.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2006</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1608052380.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2006</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1608052338.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover, JBSE, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2006</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1607974089.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2006</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEAR READERS AND WRITERS!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234563.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A current issue of the journal discusses eight interesting and seminal articles which is definitely a very usual and entirely understandable matter. On the other hand, 10 is a special number of the magazine indicating a fairly hard but progressive way to have been followed. Intention of publishing a journal is very important. However, pushing the idea of promotion is though a different but crucial issue. In this case, the situation reminds of a baby requiring constant long-term care as this short five-year period is not lengthy enough to debate the entrenchment of the international journal in the academic society world-wide.
During a period of five years, 72 articles focusing on the topics covering general methodological as well as experimental or specific didactical questions have been published. Obviously, a broader and more accurate picture would have been revealed by thorough assessment of the subjects. It is expected that the proximate issues of the magazine will improve the situation. The spectrum of the authors becomes wider, and thus this is evidence showing that the popularity of the journal is growing. It must be stressed that not all received works have been published. During this time, the editorial board of the journal has collected more than one hundred and fifty different papers. Nevertheless, a number of those were qualified as not corresponding to the format of the journal or were insufficiently professionally prepared to be published. An initial idea of the magazine was to present the Baltic States i.e. to make the works, ideas and experience of the experts of this region internationally known. Yet, the editorial board has always supported the idea that the journal had to be opened to any potential author on no account that they were representatives of other countries or institutions. Lithuania as one of the Baltic Countries is placed in a unique geopolitical situation. We have always remained as a bridge between the East and the West. A very valid point is that the authors from Russia, Byelorussia and other countries of Eastern Europe have joined our magazine. Unfortunately, due to the various reasons, frequently the readers from the West fail to become acquainted with relevant and valuable experience gained by the countries of the East in the field of natural science education. For example, this issue publishes an article on child orientation in immediate natural and social environment and is done by Eleonora Melnik who is a professor at a State Pedagogic University in Karelia. The publication reveals an attitude of the Russian experts towards the interaction between nature and modern human being. Evidently, the questions facing the interaction between man and nature in ontogenesis are poorly examined due to lack of methodical information disclosing how to implement educational support in order to make corrections to negative and to form and strengthen positive interaction. 
As it was mentioned above, the editorial board of the journal gets more and more different manuscripts to be published and supposes that the academic level of the journal should constantly increase. These are the major indicators proving the need for further publishing the magazine. Therefore, we are concentrating on bringing out the materials of high scientific quality. We are expecting that the future authors will be more focused on the quality of preparing papers for publications as well as will more intensively follow the requirements for the handled manuscripts imposed by the editorial board. A perfect manuscript makes our hard and fairly lengthy work more rewarding. 
An assessment of the international situation discloses that research on the natural science education issues increasingly frequently becomes a field of the interests of the scientists from different countries. TIMSS, SAS, PISA, ROSE etc. and other important investigations show that the spectrum of problems is really broad and causes overriding concern (not only in academic society). Such fields as natural science education literacy, motivation for acquiring knowledge of natural sciences (nature study) and practical nature/environmental study activity, interaction with nature, integration of natural science-technological-social education, training of teachers dealing with natural sciences and diagnostics of training quality (on the basis of competencies), natural science background of primary school teachers, natural science education in pre-primary and primary educational establishments, usage of ICT in the process of natural science-technological education etc. are and will be the central problems requiring an effective solution. The main question that needs to be answered is about natural science and technological education in the 21st century. We believe that the scientists from different countries will help with finding answers to this burning issue by presenting their research papers for the reader. 
In conclusion, I would like to thank the members of the editorial board whose broad knowledge, support and inspiration have helped me very substantially with producing and publishing the journal. Since the very first issue of the magazine was published, the number of the people working for the magazine has increased and the number of the countries representing the journal has become larger. We hope that all the members of the editorial board will be active in producing and assisting the journal in the future. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valfrîds Paškevičs</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEAR READERS AND WRITERS!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404214020.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is very pleasant that with each edition of our journal we see an increasing number of countries represented by contributors as well as an expanding range of topics covered in scientific articles. Currently, the journal mostly present articles about the educational standards and modern teaching-learning technologies in corresponding countries. But how about the development of modern educational content in natural sciences? It has been almost 40 years since my class graduated from the secondary school, but the science curriculum in schools and higher educational establishments hasn’t changed much, especially with regard to physics. Metaphorically speaking, the content of sciences could be compared to the content of a wardrobe containing the clothes of our grandparents and our parents, as well as our own contemporary clothing items which we traditionally try to save until we have worn down the older clothes. In most cases the final result is that there is no time left for the contemporary. The question is whether science students will have time to cover the contemporary developments while studying all the theories and laws of the past centuries. 
I don’t think I will be far from the truth in stating that natural sciences are more prone to conservatism than other sciences. Sometimes it seems that we would like to build new theories on old foundations without realizing that some of the new theories in themselves provide new foundations. During the last two decades alone, we can observe a huge progress in the quality of people’s lives thanks to the development of natural sciences. Information science, microelectronics, cellular connections, genetic engineering and other scientific notions have imperceptibly added to the daily vocabulary which individuals gradually perfect from the very childhood based on the changes brought by new scientific developments. It might be time to consider how to streamline science education in this context. 
In Europe and worldwide there are educational content improvement projects that strive to include topics related to the utilization of modern technologies in production, medicine, household appliances and other aspects of daily life. Obviously, we cannot bypass the very foundations of natural sciences and jump to modern theories, but we have to remember that individual creative endeavours last for decades whereas science has developed over the course of hundreds and thousands of years. Our journal has the opportunity of thematic improvement by publishing more articles devoted to expansion of scientific content in various educational levels. I think that many readers will be pleased to find articles about how to balance the foundations of a particular science with the acquisition of new contemporary theories. 
As a member of the editorial board, I am deeply grateful to all authors whose scientific articles have greatly contributed to science education. Wishing good fortune and success to all of you,</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibrahim Bilgin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES INCORPORATING A COOPERATIVE LEARNING APPROACH ON EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS’ SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cooperative learning approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hands-on activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher demonstration approach</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404214209.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hands-on activities incorporating a cooperative learning approach on eighth grade students’ science process skills and attitudes toward science. The sample of this study consisted of 55 students, from two different eighth grade classrooms in an elementary school, which were instructed by the same science teacher. The classrooms were assigned randomly as the control group and the experimental group. In the experimental group, hands-on activities were employed along with cooperative learning approach; whereas in the control group, the same activities were employed using teacher demonstration approach. In order to assess the treatment effects on eighth grade students, Science Process Skills Test (SPST) and Attitude Scale toward Science (ASTS) were administered as pre- and post- tests to the control and experimental groups. Pre-tests were used as covariates. The results of MANCOVA showed that students in the experimental group had better performance on Post-SPST scores and Post-ASTS. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-37</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1607974173.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 5, No. 2, JBSE, 2006</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98-100</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1608052426.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 5, No. 1, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89-90</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esra Ucak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huseyin Bag</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING LEARNING THROUGH MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES IN ELEMENTARY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple intelligence theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234896.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The goal of this research is to investigate whether there is a significant difference between multiple intelligence instruction and traditionally designed science instruction on 7th grade students’ understanding of concept with the “The Structure of Material and Its Transformation” unit and attitudes toward science. Two classes, each with 27 students were randomly selected. The experimental group was instructed though MI strategies, whereas the control group was utilized with traditional methods. The measurement instruments utilized were Chemistry Achievement Test and Science Attitude Scale. As a result of this study it was found out that multiple intelligence theory, when compared to the traditional learning method, created positive effects on students’ success and attitudes toward science as a school subject. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-69</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klaara Kask</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ESTONIAN TEACHERS’ READINESS TO PROMOTE INQUIRY SKILLS AMONG STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">authentic teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers´ development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404214086.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Researchers in developed countries have reported that the students´ skills related to inquiry are poor and the teachers do not adequately teach inquiry skills without the involvement of special interventions. Little is known about inquiry teaching and science teachers´ attitudes in post socialist countries, for example the Baltic republics. This study aimed to explore the current situation in Estonian science classes and interpret teachers´ development toward inquiry based experimental teaching during an 8-month intervention. The results from this study showed that characteristics exhibited by teachers as a result of their development can be described in 3 categories with only one category showing a readiness to promote inquiry skills and that the changes in students’ acquisition of process skills were dependent on teachers’ development.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-16</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violeta Šlekienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreta Ragulienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACT OF PHYSICS-ORIENTED TASKS ON UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS OF ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electrical phenomena</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oriented tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical experiment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404214394.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research on framing the schoolchildren’s concepts is supposed to be a scientifically and practically important issue of modern educology. In order the learners should conscientiously grasp the scientific concepts; the process of concept development must be properly organized and carefully controlled. To formulate the concepts of physics, the authors of the article followed the oriented tasks embracing definite didactic operation references. Research suggests that the oriented tasks in the educational process are performed as a guide determining the steady movement toward a positive result. A pedagogical experiment monitors the impact of physics-oriented tasks on understanding the concepts of electrical phenomena. A survey involved 230 ninth-formers presenting different schools of Lithuania. The experiment and its statistical assessment indicate that the oriented tasks help with perceiving the scientific concepts, highlight the schoolchildren’s typical mistakes and impose requirements for their correction and improvement. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-73</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eleonora Melnik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING A CHILD’S ORIENTATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOME REMARKS FROM RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interaction with nature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinary approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234825.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article highlights the research of a man’s interaction with the environment. The research is based on literature sources in natural science and humanities. From the pedagogical point of view we prefer considering the orientation of a child, residing in an environment as research of his relations with the entire environment: with the natural, social and modified components. A tool to understanding this kind of a child’s relationship with the environment is an interdisciplinary approach which helps to thoroughly characterize the main tendencies of a person’s interaction with the environment from the different sciences perspective.
Thereby, our vision of the problem of the child’s orientation in the environment does not contradict the main trend of the development of different sciences knowledge about environment, which expect the study of the person’s environment and clarification of his place in this environment. However, the orientation process will be more successful if:

	 as early as in the primary school the child will understand the term &quot;environment”, as a multi-component system, being an integrity of natural, changed (to different extent) environment and the social one, being in dynamic balance, when past, present and future are determined by conditions, which mankind (the society) is capable or not capable to create in the purpose of saving the civilization, on basis of time-appropriate relations, moral-ethical values, accepted and being used in the society;
	 the child is to be considered as the subject of the activity and interaction with the environment, being inside the system, possessing psyche and capable to form up his life space, according to his wish;
	 the child’s orientation is to be viewed as a process, which is directed to transformation of a  child’s particular situation relationships with the surrounding reality into a stable value-oriented system;
	 the result, which determines a general person’s life-line (activity, actions) in his present and future relationships with the environment, is to be directed by viewing the environment as the main value.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-60</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kari Sormunen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heikki Saari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOVING BEYOND TEACHING METHODS IN SCHOOL SCIENCE - EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL VIEWPOINTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower and upper secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching methods</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234702.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The question of how to implement teaching methods in school science finally emerges, when new science curricula are introduced and taken in use. Fundamentally new orientations in curricula might however, be in conflict with the situation which is predominant at schools with more traditional views of school science. We start our article by exemplifying the Finnish situation in relation to the science curriculum renovation, taking into consideration tensions at a more general level. Our aim is to bring into discussion both epistemological questions and communicational aspects of science teaching and learning. We conclude that moving beyond the traditional focus on facts and the laws of science; we could teach students to use the knowledge and expertise of others, raising questions, living with uncertainty, articulating ideas in public forums, using evidence, reaching consensus, and making group decisions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-39</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arne Rannikmäe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Holbrook</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE NATURE OF SCIENCE AS VIEWED BY NON-SCIENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science (NoS)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenomenographical approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the course on philosophy of science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404235079.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine views held on the nature of science by tertiary level students who are not studying science subjects as an academic area of study, who are not seen as outstanding students in an academic sense, but who may cover a range of age groups from 18 upwards. The research sets out to determine their views on the nature of science based on their learning at secondary school and influences that may come from society. Essays written by 58 students were analysed. Using a phenomenographical approach, categories describing undergraduate students views were found. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77-85</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palmira Pečiuliauskienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marija Barkauskaitė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OPERATION OF EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING SCIENCES IN LITHUANIAN PRIMARY AND BASIC SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational software</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">world study</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404214150.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On the basis of national research data on the schoolchildren’ achievements and on the grounds of a secondary analysis of the gained information the article deals with operation of educational software in the process of teaching world study in primary school and different natural sciences in basic school. It has been established that in comparison with science lessons provided in basic school educational software is often enough followed during the classes on world study in primary school. Primary educational software is regularly used in the city site and regional centre schools while in the rural area it is very rare. On the opposite of the city site schools, basic educational software is widely employed in the rural area. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17-26</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frackson Mumba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vivien Mweene Chabalengula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William Hunter</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ZAMBIAN HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS TEXTBOOKS, SYLLABUS AND EXAMINATIONS FOR SCIENTIFIC LITERACY THEMES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">examinations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics course</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">syllabus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">textbooks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404235010.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study investigated the balance and emphasis of scientific literacy themes in Zambian high school physics course in an attempt to find out its potential of contributing to preparation of scientifically literate citizens. Results show that the national syllabus and examinations emphasized the investigative nature of science while textbooks placed most emphasis on basic knowledge of science. Although the interaction of science, technology and society theme was accentuated in the syllabus, it was less emphasized in textbooks and absent in some examination papers. However, the physics course has potential of contributing to the preparation of scientifically literate citizens. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70-76</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REGIONAL AND GROUP DIFFERENCES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE PROJECT ROSE IN LATVIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">group differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">language of instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regional differences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404214271.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of regional diferences and group differeces (gender, language of instruction) based on International Project ROSE was carried out. Conclusions based on coefficient Cohen’s d and T-test for Independet samples justify remarkable diferences between the eastern part of Latvia called Latgale and the capital city Riga. It can be concluded that interest in natural sciences and its various themes in this field depend on the person, either a male or a female, firstly, and the language of instruction in school, secondly.
At the same time the language’ factor matters not exactly as the language itself, but it is dependent on the traditions in up-bringing in the family which form sound attitude to natural sciences and technology in general. Students with Russian as language of instruction are much more eager to explore themes in the field of natural sciences. 
The obtained results in Latvia are similar to the results in other countries. The shortage of regional data in other countries is an obstacle to carry out the reginal comparison on an international scale.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38-49</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvar Wäreborn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eila Jeronen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE SUBJECTS CHOICE AS A CRITERION OF STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TO SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude to science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural subjects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">survey</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404214474.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The attitudes of lower and upper secondary school students (the 9-11th forms, aged 15-17, boys and girls separately) toward natural sciences were investigated by using an inquiry method in Sweden, Finland and Latvia during 1998-2005. Results of this study show, that positive attitudes have decreased from 1998 to 2005 at the 9th form both in Latvia and in Sweden. In Finland, an increase among boys, who recognize subjects of the natural circle (except for General Science) as necessary, was observed. The number of positive answers of the Finnish girls was, however, in 2005 much smaller than in 1998. 
In a special investigation in Latvia was shown, that generally the least interest in the Natural subjects is observed among the 11th formers. 
The findings of this study indicate increased quantity of the respondents denying the importance of natural sciences as a whole, as well as overt difference between boys and girls in estimations of the importance of natural sciences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74-85</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irena Gailienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rytis Vilkonis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE SECONDARY SCHOOL LEARNERS‘ INTERACTION (FORMS 5 - 12) WITH NATURE: THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF ATTITUDES IN TERMS OF LIFE PROTECTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interaction with nature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">respect for life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semantic categories</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234637.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The theoretical and practical facts prove that humankind increasingly devalue life primarily implementing personal needs and goals. Thus, the major objective of the learners’ science (self) education is fostering respect for nature and life. Although the issue is rather vital, the schoolchildren’s interaction with nature is poorly investigated in Lithuanian as well as in other European countries. The object of the latter research is disclosing attitudes towards life protection in the process of the interaction with nature. The article deals with the semantic structure and the main peculiarities of the learners’ attitudes towards life protection on the basis of which the factors determining the attitudes could be predicted and an effective system of educational support could be developed. 1787 teenagers participated in the survey. A quantitative and qualitative assessment indicates that more than a half of the respondents (64% of the answers) have positive attitudes towards the protection of single plants and animals’ species. Less than a half of the surveyed participants expressed neutral and negative attitudes (19% and 17% of the answers respectively). Despite the fact that quite a few learners support an idea about life protection, a semantic assessment of the attitude structure shows that the utilitarian, pragmatic and egocentric components of emotions are mainly prevailing. However, an expression of the ethic and value-based components remains weak and more diffusive. The learners’ attitudes towards life protection are full of semantic conversions. Hence, the obtained results presuppose the necessity of educational intervention. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-19</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavol Prokop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Fančovičová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ IDEAS ABOUT THE HUMAN BODY: DO THEY REALLY DRAW WHAT THEY KNOW?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drawings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human body</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research methods</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404235145.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There are several ways for gathering information about student’s knowledge. Interviews or written tests with open-ended questions may effectively elicit students in-depth thinking, but they are difficult to quantify and some times subjective. In contrast, drawings have been considered as a simple research instrument that enables easy comparisons at the international level. We investigated relationships between the level of understanding shown by university students’ written responses focused on the function of bodily organs/organ systems and their ideas about the human body drawn on separate sheets of paper. We failed to find any relationship between these two methods. We propose that using the method of drawing in combination with written responses (or interviews) would provide more reliable information about children’s understanding about scientific phenomena including the human body.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86-95</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gul Unal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ercan Akpinar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TO WHAT EXTENT SCIENCE TEACHERS ARE CONSTRUCTIVIST IN THEIR CLASSROOMS?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234765.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The primary science curricula have strong constructivist elements since 2000 in Turkey. As the creator of the learning environments it is the teacher who determines its quality. The purpose of this research is to determine if science teachers’ behaviour and thoughts are consistent with what the primary science curriculum in essence offers. The research was conducted with two researchers based on a qualitative design consisting of observation and interview with primary science teachers of Turkey. At the end, it was found that, although science teachers have constructivist ideas they do not behave in constructivist manner in the classroom. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40-50</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erdal Senocak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cezmi Unal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TURKISH UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROCESS OF THEIR LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intellectual development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perry model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ perceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the process of learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404214335.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, science (physics, chemistry and biology) undergraduate students’ perceptions about the roles of student and lecturer, nature of knowledge, and student’s task in examination was investigated. Besides, comparison of students’ perceptions was made in these four points with four class levels. A version of Perry Model developed by Finster was used in this study. This model shows how students develop from a simplistic stance on the nature of knowledge to one which is more pluralistic and contextual. The results showed that university learning environment positively effected the science undergraduate students’ perceptions about role of lecturer, taking responsibility for their own learning, autonomous learning, and self expression. In addition, obtained findings can be a guide for redesign of learning environments in undergraduate science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50-60</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lidija Ušeckienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilija Targamadzė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN LITHUANIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">project-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strategic abilities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481285231.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The establishment of a new personal approach and a current position on environment are the concerns of the scholars and educators in the majority of countries. Natural sciences on their own, although spreading broad but abstract knowledge of the world do not foster values and provisions essential for sustainable development education. In order to discover the ways and the scope of how sustainable development education has been introduced into educational programmes, the curricula of Bachelor and Master’s studies of the University of Klaipėda, the University of Šiauliai and Mykolas Romeris University have been revised. Assessment of postgraduate studies including the surveying of the staff dealing with the above mentioned curricula has been undertaken. The article discloses the issues relevant to higher education in Lithuania when encountering the problems of sustainable development education and takes a view on possible techniques of education as well as on the innovations of the curricula. The project-based technique applied for sustainable development education is a new, non-traditional way creating new opportunities of building up relationships between a student and an educator. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68-79</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rytis Vilkonis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEARNERS’ (FORMS 5 TO 12) INTERACTION WITH NATURE: THE EVALUATION ASPECTS OF BEHAVIOURAL SITUATIONS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comprehensive school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human’s interaction with nature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481285146.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> It seems logical to stimulate the young generation’s wish to protect and love nature. The negative outcomes for today’s natural environment such as soil pollution, animate and inanimate nature devastation etc. can be clearly noticed. Due to computers, robots and various kinds of technologies, humans have virtually lost their interrelation with nature. Our inability to kindly interact with nature can be treated as an obvious result of unacceptable behaviour. Consequently, ecology-based education is a crucial aspect of socialisation and has an enormous influence on the young generation, because a modern society is deeply influenced by the approach to nature, the natural environment and behaviour towards it. However, we must understand modern human manners of interaction with nature and the ways affecting behaviour. The authors agree that only in-depth assessment of the mechanisms of interaction with nature can provide opportunities to apply the means of educational correction when training the young generation. The article deals with the characteristics of the learners’ (forms 5 to 12) interaction with nature in terms of behavioural situations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-68</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oleg Popov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sergey Bogdanov</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PROSPECTIVE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ SKILLS OF WRITTEN EXPLANATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">communication skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparative study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sociocultural context</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049750.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A comparative study of prospective teachers’ pedagogical skills of written communication in science is presented. Russian and Swedish students were asked to give detailed explanations of two simple physical phenomena (how and why the shadow from a tree appears and why the bulb lights in a torch) to a hypothetical Grade 7 pupil. The results of the questionnaire revealed the evident gap between the students’ knowledge per se and their abilities to express didactically their knowledge in written form and in pictures. Undoubtedly this is one of the challenges to teacher educators. The study also revealed the differences between forms and qualities of explanations given by Russian and Swedish students as the result of different pedagogical traditions and communication cultures. 
    The analysis of the findings from this study shows that the Russian prospective teachers had more problems with seeing themselves in the role of teacher than did the Swedish students. Russian participants of the study tended to answer the questions just as if they were students on a science course. Their explanations tended to be more academic and formalised than is appropriate for a Grade 7 pupil. In our opinion, this reflects the strict and formal style of teaching / learning which still dominates in Russian teacher education. For Russian students and teacher trainers, a correct answer is valued more highly than a good pedagogical form of presentation. Apparently, the skills of reworking knowledge and communication at the appropriate for children level are not systematically practiced in Russian teacher education.
     In contrast, in Swedish teacher education, students frequently work in small groups, often practising presentations at the children’s level. They generally feel quite comfortable in acting out different social roles and responsibilities. This reflects the conviction of Swedish teacher educators that learning about science should reflect a participatory and collaborative knowledge generating process. Thus, science education in Sweden is seen as a participatory activity in which teachers and learners share responsibility for learning. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40-50</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1609079010.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2005</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1609083242.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 4, No. 1, JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1609078966.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 4, No. 2, 205</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1609083205.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2005</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borislav V. Toshev</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEAR READERS AND WRITERS!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049108.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Journal of Baltic Science Education (JBSE) is a relatively new journal in the field of science education. Nevertheless it has already had a strong position amongst the other journals of that area. This high quality scholarly journal seems to be a bridge between the Eastern pedagogy and the Western education. In addition it revives the old educational tradition of the Baltic countries and Scandinavia. The papers from the other parts of Europe are also welcome.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgios Tsaparlis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEAR READERS AND WRITERS!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481284646.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two different professions are engaged in science education: ‘subject-specific (physics/ chemistry/biology) educators’ (i.e. people who do it) and ‘science education researchers’ (people who study it). Many subject-specific educators at the university and school levels often analyse physics/ chemistry/biology education in general or particular concepts and areas of their specific discipline. The selection of the content for the curriculum, as well as the level and depth at which concepts should be taught feature in such discussions. Science educators are engaged in educational research – advancing pedagogical knowledge in science. They started about thirty years ago to see science education from a different perspective, that of the process of learning. Their attention was focused not on the curriculum but on the student. Another change was the fact that such studies are not theoretical but are carried out by means of experimental (empirical) investigations. As with research in science, characteristics of educational research are that it is theory based, it is data based, and it produces generalisable results.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cengiz Tuysuz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husamettin Akcay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halil Aydin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF THE “HYBRID MODEL” ON THE 7th AND 8th YEAR TURKISH STUDENTS’ SUCCESS RELATED TO THE CHEMISTRY SUBJECTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hybrid model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">success</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">web-based learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481284991.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Web Based Learning Model provides various opportunities for students to study individually without time and space limitations and makes positive effects on students’ learning and success. However, totally on-line courses have some limitations. To overcome these limitations, educational experts offer a mixture of traditional and on-line education together, called the hybrid model which can be superior to both traditional classes and totally on-line courses in terms of students’ success.
In this study, the effects of the “Hybrid Model” on the students’ success related to chemistry subjects in the primary school 7th, 8th year science teaching program, in Turkey, by mixing two hours traditional teaching followed by a one hour on-line application by using a web page specifically designed for this study.
As a result of this study it was found out that the hybrid model, when compared to the traditional learning method, has created positive effects on students’ knowledge gain and success. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-45</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1609083284.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 4, No.1, 2005</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1609079051.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2005</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isaac Seetso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adediran Taiwo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN EVALUATION OF BOTSWANA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry syllabus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481284752.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study aimed at evaluating the worth of the recently introduced chemistry syllabus in Botswana. Using a multi-faceted approach, data were collected from Botswana senior secondary school chemistry students, their teachers and pre-service chemistry teachers in the country.  It was found that there exists a good link between the new syllabus and Junior Certificate (JC) science syllabus. In addition, it was found that the students viewed the modules on stoichiometry and carbon chemistry among others problematic. The students’ views were corroborated, to a large extent, by their teachers’. Deriving from the findings of the study, it was recommended, among other things, that an extra lesson slot per week be allocated to chemistry and that the teaching load of chemistry teachers be reduced.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-14</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mattias Lundin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mats Lindahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPERIENCES AND THEIR ROLE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049603.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study focuses what role re-actualized experiences may have in a school science setting. Observations were done in two Swedish schools with emphasis on teacher centred lessons. Data consist of field notes, recordings and documents. Two major themes of the results can be highlighted. First, the teachers’ and pupils’ mutual interest in pupils’ re-actualized experiences. Second, the limited elaboration of those. These issues are discussed due to teachers’ work with different purposes. We call that teachers’ orchestration of multiple agendas in science education. Re-actualized experiences appear to become means for motivating pupils in their work with different tasks in order to make them cope.
    The results of this study indicate a difference, compared to what Bergqvist (1990) reports on students posing questions. Here the immediate concern neither seemed to be inductive learning nor to find any correct answers, as in Bergqvist’s study. Instead the task including writing questions and formulation of so called hypotheses promoted the re-actualization of experiences. The task connects the classroom activity to pupils’ previous experiences. The ways of dealing with re-actualized experiences seem to have been appropriated in a way that a limited elaboration has become sufficient. Expressed in other words, we could say that an agenda concerning time and the progress of lessons towards other content areas, sometimes become crucial. In other cases an agenda of considering safety becomes crucial. Although time seem to be at stake, it has to be stressed that re-actualized experiences might become relevant in a not necessarily expected way.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31-39</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lolita Jonāne</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FINDING POSSIBILITIES TO IMPROVE SCIENCE EDUCATION    IN HIGH SCHOOL AND GYMNASIUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructive approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching-learning strategies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049981.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific knowledge, skills and attitudes are cultural products of great intellectual power and beauty. The future of science education and scientific literacy of youngsters is determined by the educational policy of the country, moreover, it also depends on teachers working at schools and universities. The tasks of reported research work was to explore approachable literature about natural science education in general and to analyse corresponding educational problems particularly in Latvia.
     The tasks of reported research work was to explore approachable literature about natural science education in general and to analyse some corresponding educational problems particularly in Latvia. Particular attention has been paid to the following components of contemporary educational process: developing student’s thinking skills, they skills to make connections to a known material and to real life situations.
     The author was found out that only 35% of science teachers are paying attention to a process of organizing study process, about 40% of science teachers become a source of knowledge to their students.
     It was stated that not much attention has been paid to interdisciplinary themes and problems, not much attention has been paid to designing positive social environment and building student’s value system.
     Science teachers need to recognize that they educate students to be able to develop their skills, attitudes and awareness as members of the society through a context of science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63-69</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feyzi Osman Pekel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ AND TRAINEE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF OZONE LAYER DEPLETION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misconceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ozone layer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049405.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The focus of this study was to identify and describe misconceptions held by pre-service science teachers and high school students regarding the ozone layer depletion. The views of the participants were investigated using a closed-form questionnaire. The analysis of the survey data indicates that many high school students and pre-service science teachers possess an array of erroneous ideas about the ozone layer damage, its causes and consequences. For a better teaching of environmental issues, this study provides some implications for both teachers and researchers of science education.
       It is clearly important that teachers themselves do not, unwittingly, perpetuate erroneous ideas and it might be argued that major large-scale environmental issues should be addressed during the training of teachers. As the literatures have shown, such environmental issues also provide examples of the potential importance of children’s preconceptions, perhaps constructed from out-of-school sources, in the learning process. Global environmental problems might provide a further dimension, namely abstract issues about which information has been received from the media and other informal sources. Thus, by including this as an element of “children’s learning”, it should be possible to emphasize the difference in the causes and consequences of different global problems without a specific addition to curriculum load (Boyes et al., 1995), for example, a foreign language education class can explore ozone layer depletion and the means to alleviate this problem on a student’s daily life.  From the results of this study, it is obvious that global environmental problems should be more formally embedded in to the curricula of both trainee teachers and their students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12-21</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Dzerviniks</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING METHODOLOGY OF DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PUPILS’ KNOWLEDGE, COMPREHENSION AND SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry syllabus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481284833.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article offers a model including ideas from psychological-pedagogical theories, which explain how pupils acquire knowledge and which allow a teacher to see the possibilities of applying demonstration experiments within the framework of these theories. There is described the procedure of the carried out pedagogical experiment, put forward the criteria for acquisition of physics and development of learning skills as well as evaluated the effectiveness of the created demonstration experiments model. The model mentioned above envisages more effective acquisition of physical knowledge and skills, deeper understanding of mechanics content and development of learning skills, which is expressed in the quality of knowledge.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-25</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURE SCIENCE NOT ONLY FOR SCIENTISTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">baltic languages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">european languages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humanities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social sciences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1579196557.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During the last decades interest in humanities has dominated the social sciences. As a result, natural science has been neglected, in spite of it being critical to the understanding of the causation of all the disasters occurring in different parts of the world. It is becoming more difficult to select students in science study programmes because there are fewer opportunities for such students due to the economics of globalization trends.
“Natural science only for scientists!” is the common view of the society. Opinion polls reveal little interest in chemistry, physics and biology. On the other hand, other viewpoints in public debates point out the importance of natural science studies in national curricula, since it is already part and parcel of general education. Also, many students are eager to take it up as an optional course.
Professor Svein Sjøberg from the Oslo University (Norway), the well-known contemporary specialist in science didactics, is an ardent supporter of this viewpoint. His recently published book Naturfag som allmenndannelse: En kritisk fagdidaktikk [Natural Science as General Education: a Critical Didactic] has been reissued not only in Norway (Gyldendal Akademisk, 2004), but also published in Sweden (Studentlitteratur, 2000) as well as reissued by Studentlitteratur in 2005. In early 2005, a translation of this book appeared in Denmark (Klim, 2005) during the 8th Nordic Symposium Nature Science at School.
What is the driving interest for this book being republished several times? It is most likely due to the author’s thorough insight into natural sciences. Being a physicist, he considers science from the social and intercultural aspects. Prof. S. Sjøberg has given four arguments for the necessity of natural science studies in the curriculum of secondary schools: economics, democracy, culture and usefulness.
The author examines the concept of Scientific Literacy through scientific illiteracy and the interdisciplinary link between nature studies and technology. Also, gender differences are analysed from the natural science point of view. These issues relate to science didactics and the author bridges the gap with pedagogic principles.
Each issue addresses specific local problems for each particular country. The latest editions contain a chapter about the author’s own Project ROSE (The Relevance of Science Education) and survey results from Norway, Denmark and Sweden. Up to now such results were published mainly in various conference proceedings. We highly appreciate the chapters now available for larger audiences.
Science didactics specialists like Poul V. Thomson and Henrik Busch (Denmark), Helge Strömdahl, Anders Jidesjö and Magnus Oscarsson (Sweden) assisted in compiling chapters on Danish and Swedish issues.
The author admits that his goal was to assess natural science and culture critically, emphasizing its uniqueness and peculiarities and its importance in schools and society. He also wished to start a debate on the role of natural science in general education and, at the same time, to motivate students and teachers alike.
In my opinion the author has achieved his aims, although, individuals may choose to differ. I hope that the book will be translated in the other major European languages: English, German, French, or perhaps even in Russian or one of the Baltic languages?</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cephas David Yandila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magdeline Patience Nkumba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mokaruvapa Kazoozu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE OPINIONS OF PHYSICS TEACHERS ON THE NATURE OF THE CONTENT OF PHYSICS SENIOR SECONDARY SYLLABI AND RESOURCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the content of physics syllabi and resources</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481050100.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to find out the opinions of physics teachers on the nature of BGCSE physics syllabi in Single Science, Double Science and Pure Science in the areas of their: (i) content (ii) objectives (iii) teaching methods (iv) differentiation teaching (v) assessment (vi) teaching orientation (viii) availability of computers (ix) student projects (x) laboratory facilities (xi) duration of the programme and (xii) laboratory assistants. A 38-item open-ended questionnaire was completed by 22 senior secondary school physics teachers. The results showed the need to revise the content, and assessment practices and those teachers were trying to promote learner-centered approach, even though they were faced with problems.
     The study suggests the reduction of physics topics and objectives in each of the three physics syllabi. The two-year duration of the programme should be increased to three years to ensure that the content is covered adequately. The students should be placed into Pure, Double and Single Science on the basis of their performance in Form 3 examinations. Most physics teachers considered it realistic to expect students to acquire the four process skills of: (i) using and organizing techniques, apparatus and materials, (ii) observing, measuring and recording, (iii) handling experimental observations and data and (iv) planning investigations in two years. The commonly employed teaching methods included class discussion, group discussion and class presentation, practical work (individual/group), questioning (question/answer), assignment (class and home work), and worksheet-guidelines for performing experiments. Some physics teachers favoured the assessment system in which students’ final course grade is based on the ratio of 20% continuous assessment to 80% final examinations. Though most physics teachers are computer literate, their departments are not adequately equipped with functional computers for use in word processing and record keeping. Most physics teachers were of the opinion that it was possible for students to do projects in two years. Most physics teachers said that their physics laboratories were inadequately equipped with facilities to enable students to carry out individual practical work. They lacked trained technicians to assist teachers in setting up and running practical sessions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70-83</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margareta Enghag</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hans Niedderer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYSICS LEARNING WITH EXPLORATORY TALKS DURING A MINI-PROJECT - A CASE STUDY OF FOUR GIRLS WORKING WITH ELECTRIC CIRCUITS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electric circuits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ ownership of learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049284.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During physics instruction with mini-projects, four upper secondary school girls decide to plan how to teach electric circuits to younger children. Their group discussions result in a conceptual change related to the concepts resistance and current. Their prior conception, built on current consumption, leads them into conceptual conflicts, and by exploratory talks they reach a new view based on current as movement with different speed. Students’ ownership of learning (SOL) is increased by an instructional design with mini-projects. This gives students the opportunity to choose a unique question, to determine their own learning process, to increase their motivation and to enhance development of competence and self-confidence.

Ownership of learning includes factors that connect the students' learning process to the students' learning environment. In this meaning the ownership is an aspect of student influence. With further cases the conceptual relations between ownership, motivation and learning hopefully can be further developed and clarified. In this small group work in physics the students  have got possibility for ownership from the instructional design, and two individual have ownership by their possibility to relate to earlier experiences and anomalies of understanding. Their unique question gives them high motivation, and help them to enhance and develop their understanding of the concepts resistance and current by exploratory talks and reflective thinking. They find their old view of resistance to be misleading, and develop a new view where resistance is connected to the current speed (as amount of charges passing per second), a view closer to scientific thinking.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-11</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olavi Hakkarainen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maija Ahtee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUPILS’ MENTAL MODELS OF A PULLEY IN BALANCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">weight</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481284915.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pupils from 5th, 7th and 9th grades compared the weight of a small standard mass and a big bag hanging in a pulley at different positions in equilibrium. In all the three age groups the majority (about 70%) of the pupils stated that the lower hanging bag is heavier. Less than 15% of the pupils in the 7th and 9th grades understood that the bodies must have the same weight. Pupils’ reasoning was classified into four categories that were interpreted as mental models according to Vosniadou’s framework theory. Only about 5% of the seventh graders and 10% of the ninth graders seem to grasp the scientific model Motion that leads to the concept of gravity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26-34</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edgar W. Jenkins</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE STUDENT VOICE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: RESEARCH AND ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student motivation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049507.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article reviews a range of national and international studies concerned with students’ views about science and their school science education. It suggests that such views have gained some prominence in recent years and comments why this is so. It examines the implications of some of the research findings for policy makers, curriculum developers and science teachers. It concludes that, while the outcomes of specific research studies are always interesting, such outcomes may prove to be of most use in helping to develop more general strategies for increasing student motivation, commitment and attainment.
    Given the methodological diversity among the various studies of student opinion about their school science education, it is perhaps somewhat surprising that many of the findings are consistent across a number of different education systems and cultures. For example, physics seems an unpopular subject with girls in most countries and a number of other gender differences in students’ responses are prevalent. It is also the case that many students would like to see more attention given in their school science education to contemporary and controversial issues in science that relate to their everyday experiences. ‘Many’ however, is not all and most surveys reveal a significant but important minority of students who either have no strong opinion upon, or take a contrary view about, a number of issues such as the alleged difficulty of school science or the inclusion of socio-scientific issues within the school science curriculum. For example, in the Student Review of the Science Curriculum in England, referred to above, 29 per cent of the students (n = 1,471) “didn’t mind” whether or not controversial issues were included in school science and 55 per cent said that their experience of primary schools had had no effect on their attitudes towards science (Planet Science  et al., 2003).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-30</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liliana Mammino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liberato Cardellini</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDYING STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE MICROSCOPIC AND THE MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTIONS IN CHEMISTRY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general chemistry courses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">macroscopic description</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microscopic description</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049883.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The perception of the distinction and interplay between concepts and models pertaining to the description of the microscopic level and those pertaining to the description of the macroscopic level is a key feature largely determining conceptual understanding in chemistry. Information about the extent and clarity of such perception can therefore be valuable for the design and optimisation of approaches to the presentation of basic and general chemistry material. The paper presents the outcomes of an investigation in this regard, performed by subsequently administering three specifically designed questionnaires to a group of first year students taking a general chemistry course. The discussion considers both the conceptual and the practical relevance of the issue and extends to inferences for classroom work and for the general approaches to chemistry teaching.
     The study presented here was diagnostic in character, with specific focus on students’ beliefs and perceptions about the distinction and interplay of the two levels of description in chemistry. Since the two levels and their interplay are an integral part of the entire body of chemistry, the questionnaires utilised covered a considerable proportion of the content of a general chemistry course. The results enable the inference that the design of the questionnaires was apt for the objectives of the study. A comparison between the study at NUL and the study in the Italian context highlights the relevance of the second and third questionnaires for the information to be more complete and detailed. The quick survey carried out in 1998 highlighted the relevance of the second questionnaire to complement the information of the first one – the comparison with the first survey showed that the examples chosen by the students filling the second questionnaire enabled a deeper insight into their “practical” views and their perceptions not only of the individual entries, but of the issue as a whole.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-62</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ismo T. Koponen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matti H. Heikkinen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNDERSTANDING THE PHOTON CONCEPT AND THE QUANTUM NATURE OF LIGHT: A CASE STUDY OF LEARNING DURING AN INSTRUCTIONAL UNIT DESIGNED FOR STUDENT TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">history of physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modern physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481285067.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many teachers in upper secondary school find that teaching about the quantum nature of light and the photon concept is a demanding and difficult task, and that the university level instruction gives little if any support to overcome these difficulties. An instructional unit, which uses classical analogies in supporting the formation of new concepts and ideas, has been developed in order to help student teachers to acquire better qualitative understanding about the quantum nature of light and the photon concept. It is shown, that by using this approach, good learning results are obtained and student teachers develop physically sound conceptions of the quantum nature of light and the photon concept.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46-54</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esra Özay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ercan Kaya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatih Sezek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APPLICATION OF A QUESTIONNAIRE TO DESCRIBE TEACHER COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOUR AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH STUDENTS IN SCIENCE IN TURKEY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sex differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ perceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">subject differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher communication</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482420157.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers contribute enormously to a positive social climate at science classes, particularly through their communication with students.  In the study described in this article, a questionnaire (The Teacher Communication Behaviour Questionnaire (TCBQ)) developed by She and Fisher (2000) was applied. TCBQ can be used to assess students' perceptions of science teachers' interpersonal communication behaviours in their classroom learning environments. TCBQ has five scales: Challenging, Encouragement and Praise, Non-Verbal Support, Understanding and Friendly, and Controlling. The TCBQ was applied with a large sample of secondary science students in Turkey. Girls perceived their teachers as more understanding and friendly, encouragement and praise than did boys, and teachers in biological and chemistry science classrooms exhibited more favourable behaviour toward their students than did those in physical science classrooms.
This study can suggest some implications for practice, personnel development, and research. TCBQ can be applied for observing teachers and classifying them. Also, this questionnaire provides training in sensitivity to average and controlling teachers and less redirective and more elaborative to increase the overall quality of the classroom environment and to increase the percentage of student engaged. Teachers can use this supplement to promote an atmosphere of positive interaction in their science classrooms and improve student learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-21</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aira Bartuseviča</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagnija Cēdere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudīte Andersone</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT IN A CONTEMPORARY TEACHING/LEARNING MODEL OF CHEMISTRY IN BASIC SCHOOLS OF LATVIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching/learning model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482420477.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedagogic investigation, situation study and analysis are presented on one aspect of the previously developed teaching/learning model „Society – Nature – Technology”. The attitude of 600 Latvian students of the 8th and 9th grades towards environmental education, their understanding about particular environmental problems and their place in chemistry teaching and learning content are evaluated in the paper. Comparative research was done resulting in the assessment of the increase in   the comprehension of environmental problems of those students who have participated in the approbation of the teaching/learning model.
Situation analysis before the approbation of our teaching/learning model „Society – Nature – Technology” (Bartuseviča, Cēdere, 2004) confirms insufficient comprehension of environmental issues and problems among respondents in the 8th and 9th grades in schools of Latvia.
The developed approach – teaching/learning model considering three mutually joint aspects (society, nature, and technology) is proved in practice. Students’ comprehension about chemistry increased during the pedagogic experiment. The test results have shown that students’ acquisition level has increased by 38.4% in the 8th–9th grades (during two school years), and by 26.8% in the 9th grades (during one school year).

Approbation results validate the following approaches:

	
considerably increased proportion of applied chemistry in chemistry curriculum;
	
environmentally friendly laboratory exercises in chemistry classes;
	
methods that stimulate thinking and emphasize the significance of chemistry in everyday life.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43-51</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610375202.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2004</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610295525.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2004</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610295478.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2004</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610375155.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2004</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEAR READERS AND WRITERS!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482419090.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This is the fifth number of Journal of Baltic Science Education and it marks the beginning of the third year of its publication. We have been planning to publish two numbers this year, as we have always been doing before. The editorial board is expecting  the journal to become increasingly interesting, multidimensional and helpful to all of its readers: researchers, students, teachers, and graduate students.
A two-year experience has proved relevance of the journal. 27 scientific works have been published. In addition, it not only offers scientists from Baltic States the possibility to present their researches and ideas but also helps to make contacts with researchers in other countries. The journal is open from this point of view, and we expect a lively interest from the scientific community. It is worth mentioning here that the journal has been included in the EBSCO database and is now available to all of its readers. Similarly, it has been included in the special list of quotable international publications by Latvian Science Academy which has certified to its scientific significance.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valery Solomin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEAR READERS AND WRITERS!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482419937.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This the sixth number of Journal Baltic  Science Education presenting eight articles (Geography and biology and teacher education in Finland /Eila Jeronen/,  Application of a questionnaire to describe teacher communication behaviour and its association with students in science in Turkey /Esra Özay, Ercan Kaya, Fatih Sezek/, Science teaching and the school - when concepts meet context /Jan Schoultz, Glenn Hultman/,  The role of researchers in the implementation of educational  policies: the finnish luma  programme (1996-2002) as a case study /Jari Lavonen, Veijo Meisalo, Kalle Juuti/, Assesment of the environmental aspect in a
contemporary teaching/learning model of chemistry in basic schools of Latvia /Aira Bartuseviča, Dagnija Cēdere, Rudite Andersone/,  The students’ perceptions: essay versus multiple-choice type exams /Dogan Tozoglu, Musavver D. Tozoglu, Ahmet Gurses, Cetin Dogar/, Ecocentric worldwiew paradigm: the reconstruction of consciousness /Rasa Hage, Alona Rauckienė/, The
influence of STL teaching and science teachers’ teamwork on change of students’ creativity /Anne Laius, Miia Rannikmäe/). All articles are  very interesting and are useful those for all interesting in questions of natural science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eila Jeronen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTIONS OF STUDENT TEACHERS IN INITIAL TEACHER EDUCATION IN BIOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reflection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strategies of student teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482419388.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article aims to interpret professional development of teachers, focusing specifically on the development of professional conceptions of student teachers in an Initial Teacher Education during their final school practice period in Biology and Geography. The study is a qualitative case study. The resultant data is based on reflective diaries and teaching practice reports written by the student teachers, and on recordings and videotapes from supervision meetings and lessons. The data was analysed by using inductive and deductive content analysis methods. According to the student teachers, their awareness of themselves as teachers and of teaching of Biology and Geography developed. At the beginning, they reflected their status, whereas at the end they considered the work of a teacher as a whole and what kind of teachers they want to be.

            Context and values issues should be stressed more, both in initial and In-service education. This is important because teachers should be able to observe and value environmental and human rights problems. They should be willing to construct connections, not only with parents, but also with society. Initial teacher education and In-service education should be linked to each other. The teacher educators should participate in professional In-service education more than they currently do. Based on collaborative research and development projects between teachers and teacher educators, it would be possible to create a strong and prestigious professional teacher culture, basing on shared expertise and responsibility, and continuously developing theory.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24-33</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasa Hage</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alona Rauckienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOCENTRIC WORLDVIEW PARADIGM: THE  RECONSTRUCTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biocentric global education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecocentric values</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological and environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological ecocentric consciousness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecology crisis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reconstruction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482420726.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the article is to analyse the kind of knowledge, values and activity changes of the ecological consciousness toward ecocentric ideas, to explain a new ecocentric worldview paradigm which has to be the main view in the modern education philosophy and theory and  to motivate the importance of a reconstruction of ecological consciousness in contemporary education. Ecological consciousness is described as “new rationality, real wisdom and knowledge of real human” that means the perception of ecological “me”. It is stated that ecology crisis is the one of thinking where the solution is the normalization of man and nature’s relations and is possible only with the reconstruction of consciousness. The ecology crisis lays the basements of antropocentristic consciousness. If we want to change our relations with nature, we should reconstruct our consciousness. The basis of the ecocentric consciousness is the values of holistic philosophy and humanistic psychology. The methods used are comparative analysis, analytic induction and deduction.
The ecology crisis lays the basements of antropocentristic consciousness. If we want to change our relations with nature, we should reconstruct our consciousness. The basis of the ecocentric consciousness is the value of holistic philosophy and humanistic psychology and the fundamental ecological principles including strength in diversity;  continuous movement and fluctuations;  energy flows, cycles, and undulations; countless forms of partnership; co-evolution through the processes of creation and mutual adaptation; the tensile dynamic between the assertive and integrative tendencies of any organism, sub-group, or sub-system.
The main goal of education is to formulate new goals, principles, objectives and practice that could reconstruct or educate consciousness to a new level. Holistic education, particularly biocentric global education containing such features as interdisciplinarity and integrated knowledge, individuality and appreciation of a student like a human, the participation of all institutions in the process of education, morality and ecologic methods of learning is a start of the fundamental changes of worldview in science, society and education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60-68</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610295585.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2004</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610375262.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2004</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aira Bartuseviča</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagnija Cēdere</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FORMATION OF A CONTEMPORARY TEACHING/LEARNING MODEL OF CHEMISTRY IN BASIC SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching/learning model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482419622.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new contemporary teaching/learning model of chemistry in basic school in Latvia is proposed and discussed in the paper. Society’s needs, contemporary demands and sustainable development are driving forces of the model. A meaningful mode of chemical thinking, a careful and understanding attitude towards environmental processes, and skills and attitudes useful for practical life result from the application of the mentioned model. The model, together with accompanying didactical material – student’s laboratory workbook, teacher’s guide and students’ worksheets, was tested in several basic schools of Latvia.
Developed teaching/learning model of chemistry at basic school allows:

·        Introduction the student into the unified understanding of intellectual, natural, and material values.

·        Demonstration of the student-centered approach in the teaching process of chemistry as the most effective system of pedagogical method in Latvia at the present time.

·        Implementation qualitative changes in curriculum, proving the significance of applied chemistry and applied skills as useful for human’s practical life.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49-57</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eila Jeronen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GEOGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY AND TEACHER EDUCATION IN FINLAND</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">subject didactics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482420043.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since 1990 the Finnish society, the school system and the teacher education have strongly changed. The aim of the article is to discuss what kind geographical and biological teacher education has been and how it is nowadays in the University of Oulu. The study reported here is a qualitative case study. The resultant data is based on reflective diaries written by 74 student teachers in 1998-2003. The data was analysed by using inductive and deductive content analysis methods. According to the student teachers, the programme of the geographical and biological teacher education in the University of Oulu creates a good basement for the development of teacher identity and for acting as a teacher.
The most of the reflections in study diaries concerned the subject education. This is understandable for the student teachers wrote their thoughts about modules in connection of subject education. Based on the study diaries of the geographical and biological student teachers, there seems to be a gap between theory and practice, especially between the educational sciences and the other parts of the pedagogical studies. The bridges both between educational sciences and subject education and subject education and the school practice seem to be quite strong. The educational sciences form the theoretical framework for the wholeness of the pedagogical studies. Therefore it is natural that it is more theoretical than the subject education and school practice are. However, we must try to find ways to link the educational studies more tightly to the other parts of the pedagogical studies. Otherwise there is a danger that student teachers reject the theory as a base of their profession.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-14</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Laius</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INFLUENCE OF STL TEACHING AND SCIENCE TEACHERS’ TEAMWORK ON CHANGE OF STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaboration of teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creativity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STL teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482420852.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For any paradigm change, and certainly for reflecting on STL (scientific and technological literacy) ideas, it is essential for teachers to be involved in professional development. One form of professional development that was used to promote STL teaching was to guide teachers, through workshops, to create their own teaching materials, based on the STL philosophy. The current research was carried out during the 2002 school year with teachers of science subjects and their 9th grade students in different Estonian schools. The experimental schools were divided into three groups (3 schools per each): in Group 1, one teacher participated, in Group 2 two teachers participated and in Group 3 three teachers participated in the courses and taught the same students, at the same time, in different science classes. 
The experimental teachers enrolled in the 8-month STL teaching intervention study and in the course of that their students were exposed to an 8-week STL teaching module. The results of creativity tests, undertaken before and after the intervention study, showed, that the students’ creativity mean changes during the 8-week STL teaching module, depended upon the number of teachers. Of importance is that the collaboration of two or three teachers can significantly more increase the creativity f students – a further aim of the STL teaching approach.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69-75</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veijo Meisalo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalle Juuti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ROLE OF RESEARCHERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATIONAL POLICIES: THE FINNISH LUMA PROGRAMME (1996-2002) AS A CASE STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adoption of educational innovations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service training of science teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Finnish LUMA Joint National Action (1996–2002) and related action, organised by the National Board of Education are introduced in general. A number of professional development projects for science teachers have been run through the Department of Applied Sciences of Education at the University of Helsinki in the context of the LUMA programme. Properties that made these projects successful are discussed and compared to previous research on how educational innovations are adopted for general use. 
Based on the official LUMA evaluation and our experiences in the PD-projects, some conclusions may be drawn. It is important that enough time be allocated for co-planning the whole project and each phase of the project. Teachers' beliefs, current practices (teaching or learning methods used), and open questions should be identified and discussed during the goal-setting process of the PD-project. Meetings or training situations should be designed together with the teachers and organised in interesting places, such as factories or other places of work where principles can be demonstrated in a practical way. Moreover, the project itself should be run long-term.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34-42</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palmira Pečiuliauskienė</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfonsas Rimeika</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCHOOLCHILDREN‘S EXPRESSION OF ABILITIES IN THE PROCESS OF COMPLETING THE ASSIGNMENTS OF PHYSICS: A DIDACTIC ASPECT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">didactic assignments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482419688.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research seeks to establish comprehensive school graduates‘ abilities to complete drills (knowledge and comprehension) and problem solving assignments (knowledge application) on physics. In 2000 – 2003, following the indexes confirmed by the exam centre, the tasks of the national A-level exams were grouped into arduous, hard, optimal, easy and very easy. The assignments of each of the groups were classified into drills and questions to be solved. It has been discovered that none of the groups of difficulty of the assignments of physics has ever statistically approved a deviation of relative frequency. Thus, when completing drills and problem solving assignments of physics a deviation of schoolchildren‘s abilities is also statistically invalidated.

The assessment of tasks agreeably to resolution of an assignment indicates that more problem solving assignments than drills of physics are included into the groups of the tasks of a proper and very proper resolution. A statistically approved deviation of relative frequency of drills and problem solving assignments of physics that can be found in the groups of a proper and very proper resolution reveals that the learners whose abilities in completing problem solving assignments are more outstanding better cope with all tasks of the national A-level exams in physics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58-67</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Schoultz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glenn Hultman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHING AND THE SCHOOL - WHEN CONCEPTS MEET CONTEXT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">culture of school science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school science project</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482420270.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">With this paper we want to discuss possibilities and problems for pupils to learn science. Ex­ploratory studies have been carried in science classrooms. The science lesson exists in a context of its own but classroom interaction re­veals parallel discourses and many research studies show that pupils have great difficulties to move from an eve­ryday discourse into a science discourse and to acquire the spe­cial language of science and the special ways of seeing the world.
Learning and progress in science mean that you acquire concepts and knowledge, which have been developed during a long period of time in cultures with specific terms and rules. In this perspective learning can be regarded as the individual increasing his/her familiarity with the area of knowledge. This is a slow and de­manding process for the learner. But in a science classroom with 30 pupils and one teacher this is rather problematic. The teacher has not time to help every student to go further into the science “arena”. For many pupils the experimental work ends up with the fact that the pupils learn the method and how to handle the material but get no opportunity learn more science.
In conclusion we must say that the result of the work in the science classroom depends on the combina­tion of pupils, teachers and materials. The pupil, the teacher and the material are not components, which can be described separately. They are variables, which affect each other and at the same time form a whole, which is affected by the surrounding milieu.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-33</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jekabs Raipulis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SENIOR PUPILS’ VIEWS AND APPROACH TO NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IN LITHUANIA AND LATVIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interest in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482419315.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The global tendency is obvious: interest in science is on the decrease, the number of pupils choosing university science curriculums has been constantly declining, and scientific knowledge in society (especially among young people) is inadequate. In our opinion, humanity verges on social cataclysms owing to inadequate natural science education as well as on insufficient and often improper knowledge of nature and human. Natural sciences give us most fundamental knowledge about the world of nature. Encouragement of young people’s interest in science is the essential scientific problem. As educational paradigms are being altered we must search for new quality approaches to teaching chemistry and other science subjects.

The research, which involved 350 senior pupils from Latvia and 762 from Lithuania, analyzes present-day situation in natural science education. We tried to analyze the factors that cause the interest in natural sciences to decline: inadequate content of teaching, issues related to teachers‘ competence, general attitude of society to natural sciences etc.

Thus, we may conclude that:  

·        the respondents positively evaluate natural science background, although their arguments differ. A part of them suppose that the knowledge acquired in basic school is sufficient. The others assume that natural science knowledge will not be necessary in the future. The pragmatic aspect is very clear. Quite a few pupils do not relate their future profession with natural sciences, and therefore believe that obtained information is fully enough;

·        the respondents, obviously, are self-critical of already received natural science background at basic school. The role of a teacher, his/her competence and ability to engage pupils are highly relevant. An important point is to catch the moment when a pupils is “misunderstanding something”. Systematically growing gaps of knowledge negatively influence a learner’s approach to natural sciences in general. Then s/he is out of conceit, sees nothing important to learn, many things become uninteresting. A crucial aspect is a very small amount of practical, experimental works of natural history. An educational process of natural sciences is clearly theoretic. It should be stressed that natural sciences are mainly experimental. Therefore, experimentation has to be included into the educational process;

·        the respondents’ approach to the future intentions is determined by public social-economic tendencies. Evidently, that rich life in the future is related to social, humanitarian and technological sciences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13-23</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudite Andersone</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOCIAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE BASIC SCHOOL COURSE OF NATURAL SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning patterns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482419550.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the targets of natural sciences is the development of social skills of a student. The process involves a few important aspects such as education objectives (knowledge, social and learning skills, values), upbringing objectives, patterns of lessons, and needs of a student. Research shows that regarding the patterns of lessons different opinions exist between students and teachers. Currently, we are facing this problem. The documents of the European Union represent new views on the goals of education which also include the development of social skills.

* Latvia’s Education Concept emphasises that the objective of the educational process is to offer an opportunity for each student to develop him/herself mentally and physically and to build a strong, free, responsible and creative personality. It should be realised that both a student and a teacher share their responsibility in the organization of the process of natural science studies. Taking into consideration the above mentioned information we can assume that the efficiency of natural science lessons increases if different forms of studying are introduced. The variety applied in practice allows students to acquire different types of relationship, to co-operate with their piers and to be responsible for their decisions and actions;

* Studying methods and the forms of their implementation including models and techniques are chosen to prepare for a natural science lesson. A choice depends on the didactic objective students’ level of readiness to study and on a teacher’s background and knowledge. Didactic material for lessons demands an interchange of study forms as the changes in the content of studies demands study forms changes used to explore the topic. Educational objectives serve as the basis for using study forms.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42-48</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dogan Tozoglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Musavver D. Tozoglu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Gurses</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cetin Dogar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS: ESSAY VERSUS MULTIPLE-CHOICE TYPE EXAMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">essay exams</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple choice exams</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">test attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">test format</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482420585.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this study was to examine students’ perceptions toward essay versus multiple-choice exams. Fifty students from a science education department participated in this study. Overall student-rating data revealed that students showed significantly (p&lt;0.001) more favorable attitudes towards multiple choice test format compared to essay type formats in terms of the most critical dimensions assessed. These findings suggest that student perceptions should be taken into consideration while planning and constructing classroom testing. Suggestions for future research and implications for having students’ perceptions are also discussed.
Students are the most affected by the educational testing. Therefore, teachers and measurement specialists should take into consideration of students’ attitudes and perceptions regarding test formats, because they are good sources of information about a test’s face validity besides its content, construct, and predictive validity. It is important to have evidence for face validity of the tests developed by the teachers from the students’ critical perspectives. 
Feedback from the students on various components or facets of classroom tests is valuable source of information, because their perspectives affect test preparation behavior, student cooperation and test motivation during the exam, and influence the level of test performance and attainment on the exam (Zeidner, 1987). If students have a positive tendency toward a particular test format, the possibility of student cooperation, teacher-student rapport, and test motivation would be enhanced, while aversive emotional reactions and harmful motivational tempers would be lessened.     
Since students had strong preference for multiple choice over essay type formats in this study, teachers should pay attention and give careful consideration and weight to the multiple choice format, when they are initially planning a classroom test and deciding appropriated item format in a previously planned test. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52-59</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benita Bagata</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrejs Geske</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rita Kiselova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USING THE IEA TIMSS TESTS TO COMPARE PUPILS’ SCIENCE EDUCATION ACHIEVEMENTS AT REGIONAL AND SCHOOL LEVELS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">international comparative science study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482419481.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The task of research was to find out if the TIMSS (Trends in Mathematics and Science Study) tests could be used to compare the average achievements of schools at regional level. All eight-formers of the Valmiera (Latvia) region participated in the investigation.

The study showed than on average, the achievements of the schoolchildren of the Valmiera region are more considerable than those at national level in general. Moreover, the representatives of the city site rather than the participants of the rural area were more successful in the Valmiera region as well as throughout the country. However, analysis indicates that some schools of the rural area have achieved impressive results while knowledge of a number of the learners of the city remains rather poor. The data is important to education leaders of the region because school situation and the results of this research can help to carry out the assessment of every school. The obtained information regarding pupils’ performance in each of the subject content groups is essential for schools. In general, we may consider that a parallel TIMSS study undertaken in one of the regions of Latvia has been very successful and education leaders, school principals and teachers of the area received valuable information.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34-41</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellen K. Henriksen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carl Angell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anders Isnes</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHY CHOOSE PHYSICS – IN NORWAY AND FINLAND ?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational choices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482419239.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaire data from Norway and Finland were compared to explore the factors that influence upper secondary school students' choice of subjects (notably physics). Results indicate that personal and emotional factors (interest, abilities), but also practical factors (entrance requirements, usefulness) are keywords for students' choice. Although both Finnish and Norwegian students claim to base their educational choice mainly on personal interest and ability, there is a tendency for Norwegians to be relatively more influenced by background and Finns to be more influenced by the educational system (teachers, entrance requirements). These differences are discussed in light of educational policy and sociological theory.

Thus, our recommendations based on this small study are:

·      More attention should be given to educational choice guidance in secondary school – probably particularly so in Norway. Physics in particular might profit from this, and physics teachers should take an active role as &quot;ambassadors&quot; for their subject.

·      If recruitment is to be improved, physics needs to get away from the image of being difficult and work-intensive; probably also from the prevailing culture of the subject (which is likely to be even harder to change).

·      Finally, there is a need for more research exploring the interaction between students’ socioeconomic background, their interest and performance in various school subjects (notably physics), and their actual educational choices.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-12</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610379747.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, JBSE, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2003</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610461029.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2003</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610379713.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, JBSE, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2003</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610460984.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover, JBSE, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2003</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEAR READERS AND WRITERS!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610380628.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The first issue of our journal was published one year ago. Since that time the journal has become well known not only among the researchers and science educators in the Baltic States, but also in a number of other  European countries as well as overseas. Our journal was much in demand. There was a need to introduce new  achievements in science and technology education in this part of the world, and  to bring  new trends in science education closer to our readers. We are very happy for contributions outside of the Baltic region and welcome any continuous future collaboration.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Věra Čížková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hana Čtrnáctová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF LOGICAL THINKING IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">development diagrams</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model of the activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem tasks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">problem-solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928528.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The paper presented summarises the most important principles of problem - based teaching realised through problem - based tasks. A basis of the research, carried out in this area, are problem – based tasks from science subjects – mainly from biology and chemistry – for pupils of elementary schools and students of secondary schools. Solutions to these problems are presented as models realised through a problem- based programme expressed by a flow chart. This chart - designated for teachers - represents a design of micro-regulation that expresses a supposed structure of thinking activities of students and controlling activities of teachers in search for solutions to the respective problem - based tasks. The use of the programme in the teaching process widens a scope of individualised activities of teachers.

Within this research, 148 problem – based tasks have been gradually developed. In experimental classes of the eight and ninth grade of elementary schools and in the first and second year of secondary schools, practical verification of these tasks have been carried out. The most significant outputs of the research are referred to in the conclusion to this paper.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12 - 20</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aira Bartuseviča</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagnija Cēdere</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECO-TEAM FORMATION IN LATVIA AND THEIR ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-teams</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928449.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The attitude of an individual to various phenomena, the environment among them, to great extent depends on understanding these issues. The world experience with eco-team activities as a means of building environmental understanding has already been known for more than a decade. Alongside with the foreign experience, this article gives an insight in the process of eco-team formation in the Baltics, especially in Latvia.

The first results allow us to look upon eco-teams as a new and ambitious pedagogical strategy that is a good incentive to introduce the environmental education as a school subject to build a comprehensive and caring attitude towards the nature and the processes inside it.

The very participation in an eco-team is an education, it offers the individual real chances to contribute to the improvement of the environment, combining the theoretical knowledge obtained in the separate study subject classes with practical work. Consequently, it motivates the students to further action. Thus the knowledge acquired in the subject classes may promote useful activities in families, social life, at leisure and in everyday life.

The first results, the interest of students and teachers in this method imply that the eco-team is a new and promising pedagogical strategy, helping the students to develop an evaluative and caring attitude towards the surrounding environment and its processes as well as providing learning motivation for natural science subjects.

The initiative of eco-team coaches, the pedagogical skills of eco-team leaders and the activity of the current participants will to a large extent determine whether and to what extent will eco-team movement spread and succeed in Latvian schools and society in future.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5 - 11</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryszard M. Janiuk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATION OF SCIENCE TEACHERS – SOME REMARKS FROM THE POLISH PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education of teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928763.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education becomes more and more important in contemporary society. Its effects depend mainly on teachers. No wonder that in many countries the problem of science teachers’ education becomes of significant importance. This article presents topical problems connected with education and improvement of science teachers in Poland. First of all, there will be characterized the ways leading to obtain qualifications for doing teacher’s job, the regulations and important factors affecting the course and results of science teachers’ education. Then after discussing main principles governing science teachers’ education, their practical application will be presented based on the example of chemistry teachers’ education at M.C. Skłodowska University.

As results from the presented analysis the quality of science teachers education is mainly affected by the following factors:

-         suitable requirements concerning the way and conditions of teachers education resulting from the policy of given country in this respect;

-         proper choice of candidates for studies mainly conditioned by the situation in the society;

-         ways and conditions of education provided in individual universities.

A direct influence of science teachers’ educators is possible only for the last factor. Therefore proper planning of the teacher education process and providing good conditions at each university play an important role. This requires creating a team of people engaged in this kind of job and at the same time searching for better organization and teaching methods used in this process. Precise description of aims resulting from the professional profile of the science teacher is significant in planning of science teacher education. Its aim should be first of all acquisition of proper skills by the students, indispensable in work of prospective teachers. In this context development of international cooperation, thanks to which searching for common ways of more effective science teachers’ education is possible, assumes significant importance.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38 - 48</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610461080.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 2, No. 1, JBSE, 2003</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610379790.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, JBSE, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2003</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juris Porozovs</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COURSE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL AS AN EXAMPLE FOR ENLARGED SCIENCE TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">occupational health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503927870.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the problems of Latvian educational system is teaching students to take care of their health themselves in the view of their professional career. It is necessary to choose a profession that is not only interesting, but also correspond to the person’s state of health. The factors of a harmful job can create a risk to the person’s health. In Latvia young people actually aren’t acquainted with the problems and harmful professional factors which can arise in the professional life in the future. This is why it is so important to include the course of Environment and occupational health in the secondary school teaching programs.

The results of the students’ questionnaire indicated their knowledge of professional health being incomplete. Individual discussions with students have shown that students don’t pay much attention to the issue of work environment of their future profession and that their attitude to the problem is not serious. At the same time it was ascertained that the state of health of a number of students may restrict their professional choice.

It was worked out the course Environment and occupational health and analysed a possibility of including the topics of the course in other science subjects such as biology, chemistry and physics. Such a course is a good example for enlarged science education at Upper secondary school level that makes science education more attractive.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36 - 43</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Pace</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: PROVIDING A CONTEXT FOR A MEANINGFUL SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science curricula</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503927619.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The paper initially highlights the main principles and methods of environmental education and the opportunities and challenges it offers to a fragmentary curriculum structure ... with special reference to science curricula in Malta. The results of a survey about teachers' attitudes about environmental education are then analysed in relation to the possibility of promoting environmental education as a cross-curricular unifying theme. The paper proposes specific guidelines for the development of science curricula that are both interdisciplinary and socially relevant.

Success in an enterprise necessitates the critical evaluation of one’s objectives, the assessment of the current state of affairs and the careful consideration of the implications inherent in proposed actions in order to clearly define what is really worthwhile. Curriculum development in science education is no exception. Science that is not socially relevant and meaningful to the learners' needs is increasingly becoming obsolete. The question is not whether this change will affect us or not, but rather when will it hit us? In our efforts to make science education more worthwhile we should seriously consider the benefits of infusing environmental education within the science curriculum.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28 - 35</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Broks</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENERAL PHYSICS AT THE UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION LEVEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">didactics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research and development of education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928685.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As an attempt to fight the crisis in natural sciences education author’s concept and the main structure of general physics subject at the upper secondary education level is reported. Systems approach had been adopted and philosophical as well as psychological background was prepared to develop a modern structure and context of the subject when starting the upper secondary (senior high school) education in physics. Diverse macro, micro and mega world bodies and mediums in motion – observations, physical and mathematical modeling of motion for understanding of the scientific method and main achievements in physics research and engineering makes a general guideline of reported design and practical realization of subject.

First, let us make the note that this paper reports only the main principles of author’s ideology as well as only the main structure of general physics subject at upper secondary education level. In details such projects usually are heavily authorized – many details of subject realization are very personal and not very interesting for general discussion. So, excuse me, dear readers, for details which are not described here fully enough. We need direct in-service meetings and special publications for more detailed description of the proposed subject structure and its practical realization.

Secondly, author would like to turn special attention to the fact that we need seriously to think about the terminology of physics education as well as science and engineering for international cooperation when using English words and language structures. To express author’s thoughts in definite logical structures for foreign people, who do not know Latvian language, International English Latvian version is used. Why? Our thoughts in our native languages very often are impossible to express precisely in native English. The logical structures are typical for each native language and we need to work very correctly in our mutual interaction in order not to loose sense of native logical structures, when changing languages. By the way – what does &quot;native English&quot; mean? British or American English? Billions of people today all around the world use and develop International English – so did also the author of this report, expressing his Latvian language based thoughts – logical structures in English for readers with different native languages. International English gives us wide possibilities to enrich our native languages and develop our national systems of education and professional terminology without producing formal senseless mixtures of words – widespread loosing of precise thought structures based on native languages.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28 - 37</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laima Railienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOW GEOGRAPHY AND NATURAL SCIENCE SUBJECTS COME INTO CONTACT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integrated links</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural geography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social aspect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">training process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928954.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geography is a system of sciences which contains about 900 science branches. Geography links spheres of the natural and social knowledge, assuring our integrated perseption of the world. Recently, scientists attached great importance to geographical researches of society, therefore, geography is considered to be a social science in many parts of the world. But geography is a science about surroundings by its nature.

Geography as a school subject differs from geography as a science. Though recently geography as a subject has acquired a social aspect, but nature geography dominates in its program. Intersubject integration with natural sciencies as biology, chemistry and physics has a great importance in analysing it. The knowledge of these sciencies is necessary in analysing social geography, too.

Good organization of training process has got great influence on successful memorizing of geographical knowledge. For this purpose, there are used different types of geography lessons, class and non class activity models, which were created for the better quality of training process, therefore, they are used to deepen and consolidate knowledge of students’ learning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62 - 69</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moonika Teppo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmäe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INCREASING THE RELEVANCE OF SCIENCE EDUCATION – STUDENT PREFERENCES FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEACHING SCENARIOS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">issue-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relevance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STL teaching scenarios</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928836.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The goal of this study was to determine which issues were relevant to students and the reasons for this. Issues were presented in the form of scenarios – as a story that leads students into learning science by considering the wider goals of education. Three different categories of scenarios were defined: subject oriented, social issue-based focused on student personal experience and social issue-based, focused on global societal problems. All scenarios were developed by science teachers during a STL training course.

Two hundred and seventy two grade seven to nine students from two schools (suburban town and city) were asked to choose and evaluate the three most interesting scenarios from nine. The results of the study showed gender based differences. Girls were interested in issues that were connected with their health and outlook. Boys liked to study more about the things, which happen in society.

If we use the scenario as a “model” for relevance of science education for students, the following conclusions can be highlighted: 

·        Boys and girls see the relevance of science education differently and this depends also on age group. It is important to consider gender differences and students age group in designing teaching scenarios for the classroom. For making teaching more relevant for students, teachers should create various types of scenarios. Girls like to study more about things, which are connected with them (with their health and how they look). Boys are more eager to learn about problems that happen in the society (economical and environmental problems);

·        Students’ and teacher’s opinions on relevance differ. 1/3 of teacher created scenarios, were irrelevant in the eyes of students.  The outcomes show that the most uninteresting scenarios belong to the subject-oriented category (54% of students who answered this question didn’t like the subject oriented scenarios);

·        Students free reasoning helps to develop frames for creating relevant scenarios for teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49 - 61</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IN LITHUANIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL: SOME RELEVANT ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integral teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503927521.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The natural science education is one of the most important areas of general education which includes education of all children` ages. Trying to satisfy requirements of the society and all learners it is necessary to modernize the preparation of natural science teachers. Natural sciences are of great importance in helping students to form conception of world based on the knowledge of modern nature research, emphasizing the character of link between nature and society, as well as between nature and culture. Natural sciences education can be characterised by a variety of content provisions, forms and methods of teaching/learning, and practical activities. All these are expected to make the process more effective to widen intellectual knowledge and skills of students, to provide conditions for students activities, to develop students reasoning skills, to influence their aesthetical outlooks etc.

The aim of the article is to discuss some relevant questions on natural science education in Lithuanian comprehensive school which are of a philosophical – pedagogical character and observes the issues of teachers’ natural science literacy and integral education (teaching).

In conclusion, the following premises summarizing the earlier discussed ideas can be emphasized:

natural science literacy of natural subjects’ teachers working in Lithuanian secondary schools is insufficient;

contradictory statements of scientists - theoretics were revealed when discussing integrated natural science preparation of teachers;

teaching of integrated natural sciences subjects in Lithuanian comprehensive school must be inseparable from national - cultural and economical conditions of the country;

it is important to analyse the aims of integrated training, tasks, matter, methods, the questions of organization of the integrated teaching process etc. and to prepare teachers for general natural science education in comprehensive schools having a pedagogical profile, proposing priority to the methods applied for teaching natural sciences subjects;

it is advisable to raise the qualification of natural subjects teachers in the sphere of natural science providing appropriate courses, workshops etc.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44 - 55</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aarne Tõldsepp</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilja Toots</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT WORK FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMPILING BALANCED CURRICULA FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">balanced curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational components</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational goals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific and technological literacy (STL)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928012.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, research and development (R&amp;D) work in the context of the current reforms in science education is analyzed from the perspective of compiling balanced curricula and syllabi for teaching science. We argue that science as a subject taught is not a rigid body of knowledge, rather than a style of life in rapidly evolving society. We consider the ideal paradigm of science education today as well as in the future as teaching balanced science according to balanced curricula in strongly social context based on psychological and didactical treatment. The main aim of science education is to achieve scientific and technological literacy (STL) among the students, to improve public understanding of science, and currently, to prepare future citizens. Compiling of the balanced curricula for science education should begin from establishing balance between educational goals aimed by the formation of STL. Implementing the balanced curricula demands the compiling of the balanced instructional system including balanced strategies and methodology for teaching science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-11</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter van Marion</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE EDUCATION IN NORWAY. COUNTDOWN TO THE NEXT REFORM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928606.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrated science courses in grade 1-11 in the Norwegian school system include biology, chemistry, physics and earth science. The arguments used for integrated science are of scientific, pedagogical and practical nature. Between 1993 and 1997 primary and lower secondary education went through a comprehensive reform process and a new science curriculum was introduced. Until 1997 science in primary schools was not a separate subject, but part of an integrated subject including social studies. The reform of primary education resulted in re-establishment of science as a separate school subject. Another revision of the curricula of all school subjects will take place within a few years. The revision should pay special attention to the problem of overloaded science courses, not allowing for enough time for practical work, and to the need for a more coherent science curriculum for all stages from grade 1 to 13.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21 - 27</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Sozbilir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHAT STUDENTS’ UNDERSTAND FROM ENTROPY?: A REVIEW OF SELECTED LITERATURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">entropy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">misunderstandings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tertiary education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503927942.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study is intended to review some of the selected researches carried out on students’ understandings of entropy. The review puts together the important findings of the researches, summarises the misunderstanings identified together with the possible sources of these misunderstandings and new approaches in defining entropy. Therefore, this study would be beneficial for the researchers and lecturers in science and chemistry education area.

The review shows that Entropy is found to be difficult idea to be grasped by high school students and undergraduates. In many cases students’ understanding of the basic aspects of the idea are limited, distorted or wrong. The difficulties arise from misinterpretation of mathematical equations in thermodynamics and not adequately integrating the new knowledge with students’ existing knowledge. Students’ explanations are mostly based on the macrophysical world, their thinking on the microphysical world is limited. The everyday meanings of the scientific terms dominate their interpretations. Lecturers should check that students have acquired the correct scientific meanings of the concepts and apply them in both everyday and theoretical situations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21 - 27</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicos Valanides</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTIVISM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructivism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180830.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An experimental setting was used in a class of 23 sixth-grade students to prompt discussions about shadows.  A rectangular wooden block with an incandescent electric lamp, mounted in the middle of each side, consisted the experimental setting.  Additionally, there was a fifth lamp that was positioned exactly above the house and could be removed at any time.  Each lamp could be replaced by other lamps of different colours and could be turned on and off independently.  A two-dimensional model of a house, made of opaque cardboard, was also mounted upright at the center of the wooden block.  The model showed a house with an inclined roof, a chimney, and one door and two windows that were represented using three movable pieces of cardboard.  Students were asked to predict the position and other characteristics of the shadow when (a) each one of the five lamps was turned on individually, and (b) two lamps mounted on opposing sides of the wooden block were turned on simultaneously.  Discussions were facilitated in order to create cognitive dissonance in students’ thinking and support the consequent psychological process of equilibration through a collaborative negotiation of students’ diverse understandings.  The transcribed discussions were analyzed in an attempt to exemplify the importance of the social interaction between students’ knowledge schemes and their experience with the environment (physical and human), as well as aspects of the scientific epistemology and their relevance to conceptual change. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50 - 58</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aadu Ott</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A CONCEPTUAL MATRIX FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">didactical matrix</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180078.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A conceptual matrix for science education is presented. It contains nine matrix elements, metaphysics, epistemology, ontology, praxis in classroom, content, theories of learning, teachers teaching, students learning and students preconceptions. These elements are linked to each other and constitute a didactical web. The elements in the matrix are regarded from three aspects, philosophical, operational, and interactive. The elements in the matrix and the aspects are discussed from a point of view in which the sociocultural perspective challenges the scientific paradigm of learning. The resulting standpoint is that it is fruitful in science education to utilize the sociocultural perspective in interaction with a constructivistic way of creating knowledge in order to extend the scientific paradigm for teaching and learning in science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7 - 15</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610521921.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contents, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2002</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610521800.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cover page, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2002</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVER PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cover page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610522042.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dear Readers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JBSE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610521875.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial for JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Broks</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEAR READERS AND WRITERS!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JBSE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610522115.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial for JBSE</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Broks</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF POSTINDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">didactic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">progress of science and technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reform of education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific and technical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systemology of education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180151.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During former period of the development of Christianity nothing more than revolution in science and technologies has very seriously influenced the life of World’s society. According to this the problem of heterogeneity of societal and individual development has appeared and the question - w h a t   e d u c a t i o n   f o r   w h a t  l i f e ? has become actual for all people within different societies or social groups. Scientific and technical literacy for all and high quality science and technologies education for coming new generation of specialists - main task for the corresponding development of general as well as professional modern science and technologies education. Healthy life - healthy human’s spirit and  body in healthy living environment - main direction for those developments. Implementation of systems theory - systemology in education and development of ontodidactic are forming the backbone of modern post-industrial science and technologies education today.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16 - 24</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leonids Keirans</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING METHODOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF BIOLOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">development of methodologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching methodologies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180280.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article considers the some aspects of development of teaching methodologies in the field of biology. The article gives a brief analysis of the history of the first methodologies by teaching biology. The main mission for students in preparing to become educators is to learn procedures for proper education, the basics of teaching biology, and the skill of conducting the process where by students obtain knowledge. Young educators must be well familiar with teaching procedures, methods and methodical steps so as to be able to utilize these successfully in his or her work in various classes and under various conditions. When studying at university, students must not only become familiar with the theoretical foundations of methodology, but also with their practical applications. The process of integration leads to changes in teaching subjects and to new relations among subjects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36 - 43</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610522151.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2002</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Board</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">END PAGE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">end page</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1610521959.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">End page, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2002</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Other</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almeda Kuriene</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ESTIMATE OF LEARNING OF PARTICIPANTS OF CHEMISTRY OLYMPIADS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">participants of olympiads</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">senior students motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ progress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching subjects</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180449.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this paper is to evaluate the progress and to attitude the chemistry learning of Olympiads participants.

 

The research was conducted among the participants of 38th, 39th Lithuanian Pupils’ Olympiad of Chemistry which took place in 2000, 2001.

 

On the basis of this research it can be concluded that the knowledge in principal subjects (mathematics, physics, foreign language and Lithuanian) of 69,5% of participants is graded in 8-10 points. Chemistry results of the second trimester by 83,1% of respondents is graded in 10 point, by 14,1% – in 9 point. 97,7% of participants consider chemistry to be their favourite subjective and exact and natural sciences to be more interesting than humanitarian. A successful learning of chemistry is determined by pupil’s aim to understand nature phenomena properly and to gain better knowledge of chemistry.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55 - 65</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrejs Geske</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andris Kangro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATION OF LATVIA’S SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE IEA TIMSS AND OECD PISA FRAMEWORK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">international comparative education research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article deals with the two largest international comparative studies in science, the first cycles of which took place in the last years of the previous century and which go on today as well - IEA TIMSS (Trends in Mathematics and Science Study) and OECD PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment). The average achievements of Latvia’s students in science in each of the studies are different but the general situation of science education in Latvia is satisfactory and corresponding to our economic situation. We support the opinion that improving of Latvia’s economics and correct developing of the country’s educational system will advance students’ achievements. At the same time there are several spheres, which need immediate improvement. Especially, it concerns our students’ skills to apply the knowledge gained in science lessons to real life situations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59 - 66</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eve Kikas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Triin Hannust</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hele Kanter</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL TEACHING ON 5 - AND 7- YEAR OLD CHILDREN’S CONCEPTS OF THE EARTH AND GRAVITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">earth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gravity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180627.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The investigation was aimed to study the influence of age and experimental teaching conditions on the learning of the concepts of the earth and gravity. 47 kindergarteners (age 60-69 months) and 56 first graders (age 85-95 months) were assigned into three groups: model-based, verbal-individual teaching and control groups. Three topics, aimed to treat children’s preliminary notions and to change children’s entrenched beliefs, were covered in teaching: the spherical shape of the earth; gravity; the relativity of up-down direction. The results showed that both 5- and 7-years-old children’s astronomy knowledge was improved due to teaching, regarding of which teaching method was used; however, the condition x age interaction was not significant. Difficulties that occurred during learning and their sources are discussed and conclusions for education are drawn.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19 - 30</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION AT BASIC SCHOOL: SOME DIDACTIC ASPECTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180218.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Some aspects of Natural Science Education at Lithuania’s Basic School are being researched in the article. It is being introduced a part of the survey “Situation and peculiarities of Natural Science Education at Basic School”, that took place in 2000/01 and was addressed to the essential didactic features. Particular attention is being paid to the analysis of the views and opinions of the teachers of Natural Science Education. Also, the view of teachers to the structure of Natural Science subjects, teaching methods, standardization and other questions, connected with Basic School, is being analyzed in the article.

The teachers of natural science estimate proposed natural science education at primary   school  rather critically. The young teachers, whose experience of teaching is less than a period of 5 years, are the most critical. The teachers of physics and biology estimate the standards of Natural Science Education the most benevolently and the teachers of chemistry are the most unfavorable with the present situation. The teachers of natural sciences prefer a problematic way of teaching (63% of respondents). The analysis of teachers’ estimations shows that the student books and the workbooks of the latest editions used at basic school virtually satisfy the requirements of Natural Science Education programs. The most important source of the latest information about natural science for the teachers is books. The Internet is still poorly used by the teachers of  natural science. Only 11,5% of the teachers the most frequently find the latest information when using the Internet. According to the teachers, ecological and environmental problems at basic school in the content of Natural Science Education revealed insufficiently well.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25 - 35</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexandra Bratennikova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elena Vasilevskaya</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">QUESTIONS OF CHEMICAL CONTENT IN THE INTEGRATED COURSES OF NATURAL SCIENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integrated courses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180965.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In formation of complete knowledge of nature and the person a big role belongs to studying of chemistry as the discussing subject according to its nature is primary integrated and its (her) maintenance (contents) is interconnected with that of physics and biology. Chemistry teaching in average educational institutions now is accomplished by studying obligatory independent rates as well as and by including of questions of chemical maintenance (contents) into the obligatory integrated rates of natural sciences (alongside with independent rates of chemistry by choice of pupils). The maintenance (contents) of a chemical component in the integrated rates of natural sciences taught in Japan, Canada, USA, the Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, France, Spain and Byelorussia is considered in the work. It is indicated that doubtless advantage of the integrated rates of natural sciences in general is the establishment of full interrelation between investigated natural-science subjects, and with reference to chemistry - formation of belief in necessity of chemical knowledge for the decision of many vital problems. Introduction of national standards and aspiration to equivalence of documents on the general education urgently demand definition in the different countries of uniform approaches to natural-science rates in high school, preparation of the scientific and pedagogical staff, to perfection of continuity school and high school natural-science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dace Namsone</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE SCIENCE TEACHER IN THE SITUATION OF CHANGING EDUCATIONAL PARADIGM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry oriented learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">study process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180687.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The human education paradigm is looking upon the learner as an active participant of the study process. In chemistry education, student himself discovers the world of chemical substances. The inquiry is a way human is seeking information and understanding in science education. Discovery, freedom, activity, creativity are the keywords for open learning in science laboratory. By posting hypothesis, further verifying them and analyzing the obtained results, the science process acts as a core for learning approaches.  They foster learner’s self-discoveries, which are to be used in such a process. The teacher is a key to open such approaches in study process of chemistry. The teacher's role changes notably. In the open study process the teacher undertakes the functions of the expert – consultant and feedback provider. The teacher has to master a series of new skills more often.  Moreover, acquiring new experience makes teacher to give up stereotypes and authoritarian teaching style. To implement the education reform in science education in Latvia it is necessary to practically resolve the controversy between learner’s wishes to do inquiry oriented laboratory works and teaching strategies carried out by teacher in classroom.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31 - 39</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miia Rannikmae</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS CHANGE TOWARDS STL TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504181071.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The paper describes the effectiveness of the intervention training and draws attention to the most important factors to be considered in developing service programmes for the promotion of STL teaching skills. STL is taken to mean developing the ability to creatively utilise sound science knowledge in everyday life to solve problems, make decisions and improve the quality of life.  The STL study was divided into three phases: teaching based on STL materials supplied to teachers, a six month active involvement through workshops where teachers developed and tried out their own STL materials and a follow up allowing the application of the skills acquired during the intervention. STL materials were defined as materials, of social issue, based, student-centred decision-making, and/or problem-solving units, within curriculum topics (Holbrook&amp;Rannikmäe, 1997). Altogether, 45 science teachers and 1163 students were involved in the study.

As a result of the 6 months intervention period it was found that the major factor illustrating effectiveness of a teacher developed STL materials was their ownership of STL teaching, expressed in terms of the ability to develop consequence maps. The structure of the consequence maps was used to distinguish three categories of teachers: subject learning activity based, with dominance on facts and concepts; sequenced activity based, with emphasis on process skills; social issue based, including problem-solving and decision-making strategies. Data collected 10 months after the intervention had indicated the need for re-categorisation of teachers, because the extent of the teacher change was not sustained and ownership of STL decreased. Three new categories were found based on teacher’s perception of relevance of science education: motivational relevance, skills relevance and social relevance.

The effectiveness of the intervention programme was obvious: teachers who acknowledged the need for teaching social skills in conjunction with science concepts and process skills, continued to embed these ideas into their teaching ten months after the intervention. The sustained change was illustrated by phenomenographical outcome space (Marton, 1981). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elena Popkova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL BASES OF SELECTION OF THE CONTENTS OF TRAINING TO NATURALSCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES IN CONDITIONS OF A COMPUTERIZATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computerization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180373.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In article the problem of the scientifically proved approach to selection of the contents of an educational material in conditions of a computerization of training to naturalscientific disciplines is staticized and the ways of its decision are offered. In work have found reflection results of the rather-comparative analysis of the literature, the specificity of the computer aided training of chemistry, biology and geography at school revealed, the essence and structure of a phenomenon of information-computer culture of the person is determined.

        The allocation of ideal model potential of the person, information-computer culture and information-computer activity in quality a determinant of information-computer preparation of the schoolboys that are carried out during their training to naturalscientific disciplines is proved. The system of principle formations of structure of the contents of an educational material is described at the computer aided training to naturalscientific disciplines. The necessity of inclusion in this system of principles of double entry of components, continuity, functional completeness, differentiation and integration is opened. The system of principles of selection of the contents of an educational material is submitted as over-system, which includes system of principles of selection of an invariant nucleus and system of principles of selection of a varying environment of the contents of an educational material. Is proved, that the invariant nucleus of the contents of an educational material should be selected according to principles of scientific character; unities of the substantial and remedial party of  training; structural unity; of giving humanitarian and entering fundamental; it is necessary to select conformity of the basic components of the contents to structure of culture of the person, and varying environment of the contents proceeding from principles of integration of the contents of disciplines, introductions of a history and introduction of methodology, socialization, practical importance, optimum combination of an educational material of regional and global character, conformity and necessary sufficiency.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44 - 54</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOME ASPECTS OF MOTIVATION OF INTERACTION WITH NATURE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interaction with nature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180750.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Science education is important for all stages of the human’s ontogenesis. Besides, it carries a diverse and specific character throughout different age periods. Therefore, the opinion, that primary school doesn’t play a significant role guarantying Natural Science technological literacy, arises as the wrong one. On the contrary, most of the researches indicate that this stage of Natural Science education is of great importance. Moreover, the situation discloses that Natural Science education at primary school is indispensable and the most complicated one. The gaps in knowledge of the discussing subject left within this period of education can be hardly restored in the future. It has been accepted that the 21st century should be called a century of modern biology. And it concerns not intellect only. Moral issues, such as respect for nature and harmony with it, have become very important. Finally, the human should understand his inability of becoming the Lord of Nature. Thus, Natural Science Education should somehow support this idea.

Theoretical analysis allows to maintain existing various typologies of motivation. 307 primary school teachers and 257 students have participated in the research. The research indicates that the practical type of motivation of interaction with nature predominates among the primary school teachers and students while the esthetic type of motivation is in the second place. The cognitive type of motivation appears as the weakest one. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40 - 49</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Björn Andersson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frank Bach</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann Zetterqvist</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNDERSTANDING GLOBAL AND PERSONAL USE OF ENERGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching programs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1504180554.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In  this  article  we  report  an  investigation  of  some  aspects  of  students’ understanding  of the energy flow on earth and how people  might  economize on energy in their daily life. The method chosen is  to  give  the  students  pen-and-paper  faste tasks  of  the  open-answer  type.  The  written  responses  are analysed qualitatively. Categories  and  other  details  in  the  analysis  are  not decided in  advance  but  formed  through  interaction  with  the  actual  replies. The  investigation  has  been  part  of  a  Swedish  national  evaluation  made  in 1995 and 1998,  mainly involving  students aged 16 and 19. The results  show, among  other things,  that students describe only  a  few steps  and branches in the  energy flow on earth,   grossly  underestimate man’s use of  fossil  energy and  grossly overestimate the  global use of nuclear  energy.  Students'  answers concerning  economizing  on  energy on  the  personal level  concentrate  on  the use  of  electricity  for  lightin   and  housework.  Curricular  implications  of results  obtained  are  discussed, and  the  concept  ‘orientation  pattern’  is introduced as a tool that might help students improve their understanding   of the world around them.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4 - 18</style></section></record></records></xml>