<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyunok Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young-Joon Ryu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTIDISCIPLINARY CO-DEVELOPMENT FOR SSI-BASED NEUROETHICS EDUCATION: APPLICATION TO THE BRAIN DOPING ISSUE WITH TDCS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">brain doping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distributed expertise</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multidisciplinary co-development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neuroethics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socioscientific issues (SSI)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765176</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Developing socioscientific issues (SSI) education on emerging technologies such as neurotechnology confronts the challenge of distributed expertise, wherein requisite knowledge spans multiple domains, neuroscience, neuroethics, and pedagogy, that no single educator can possess. This study proposes Multidisciplinary Co-Development (MCD) as a methodological framework to address this challenge and applies it to an SSI-based neuroethics education on brain doping through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) technology. A multidisciplinary team comprising experts in neuroethics, neuroscience, and public engagement collaboratively developed an education program guided by three MCD principles: distributed expertise recognition, dialogic knowledge integration, and boundary artifact facilitation. The program was piloted with 38 Korean university students, and data were collected through group activity artifacts and a questionnaire. Qualitative analysis showed that the MCD principles enabled effective cross-disciplinary knowledge integration through structured dialogue and shared artifacts. Participants demonstrated the ability to identify scientific, ethical, and social problems of brain doping and to propose varied solutions, suggesting that the program supports the development of civic competencies. These findings indicate that MCD offers a viable framework for addressing distributed expertise challenges in emerging technology-related SSI education and provides a systematic methodology for translating neuroethics research into educational practice.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">136-150</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Araitz Uskola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haizea Gardeazabal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTIMODAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR DEVELOPING PRESERVICE TEACHERS´ SYSTEMS THINKING FOR ADDRESSING COMPLEX HEALTH ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antimicrobial resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model representation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">systems thinking</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4863033</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science educators highlight the importance and difficulty of developing systems thinking (ST) for addressing complex health problems such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Thus, it is necessary to study which strategies can facilitate this development. This study addressed how modelling activities fostered the ST developed by pre-service teachers (PSTs) in the context of AMR. The identification of components and relationships, the proposal of actions, and taking an ‘inside the system’ perspective were considered as ST dimensions. The research data consisted of explanations about AMR written individually at the beginning and at the end of the sequence, as well as group activities, performed by a group of 56 PSTs. The results show that after completing the activities, most participants explained AMR including ‘One Health’ vision, saw themselves as victims of AMR but less as causes or agents of change, and articulated complex cause-effect relationships in their retrospective reasoning. Moreover, the performance of retrospective reasoning in intermediate activities that implied diverse representations stood out. It was concluded that using multimodal representations might be a useful strategy in science education to facilitate the development of PSTs´ ST for understanding and acting on systems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">409-430</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walton Wider</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yong Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yin Myo Thant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choon Kit Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leilei Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiansheng Peng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAPPING THE INTELLECTUAL LANDSCAPE OF PRIMARY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometric analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575768</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary science education is critical for developing scientific literacy and fostering long-term interest in STEM. However, implementation faces challenges such as limited teacher preparation, rigid curricula, and unequal digital access. Purpose: This study aims to map the intellectual structure and emerging trends in primary science education research using a bibliometric approach. Method: A total of 2,295 publications from the Web of Science database were analyzed using VOSviewer. Bibliographic coupling and co-word analyses were conducted to identify influential publications, thematic clusters, and evolving research patterns. Results: Five main thematic clusters emerged: (1) technology-enhanced instruction using augmented and virtual reality, (2) equity and teacher competence in science achievement, (3) cognitive and metacognitive scaffolds, (4) dialogic and integrative pedagogies, and (5) computational thinking in STEM. The findings indicate a shift toward student-centered and digitally mediated pedagogies. However, gaps remain in culturally responsive computational thinking and understanding teacher identity in reform efforts. Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive overview of primary science education research, highlighting key areas of progress and remaining challenges. It underscores the need for inclusive digital integration, culturally responsive teaching, and interdisciplinary frameworks. Future studies should expand database coverage for a more global perspective.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">756-773</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emrah Hiğde</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmet Volkan Yüzüak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zekiye Merve Öcal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilal Aktamış</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MANY-FACET RASCH MEASUREMENT APPROACH TO ANALYZE THE PREPARED SCIENCE LABORATORY ACTIVITIES BASED ON SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND VIEWS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">laboratory experiments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724480106.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Many-Facet Rasch model is frequently used to analyse and minimize disparities in rater (judge) severity in performance evaluations, in which raters assign scores to test-takers' performances. In this research, the aim of the present study was to analyse science teacher candidates’ laboratory activities by using the Many-facet Rasch model. Rasch model’s surfaces are, respectively: 9 juries, 8 science activities and 24 criteria. The FACETS program was used to do data analysis. Findings show that laboratory activities, which were coded as E8, were found to be the most successful and E2coded activity was found to be the least successful based on the criteria. Jury numbered 7 or coded as G7, is the most lenient, and scorer numbered 5, or coded as G5, is the severest when the juries are listed from the most lenient. The study's objective is to use the Many-Facet Rasch measurement model to analyse laboratory experiments linked to science-related activities. Analysis of the performance of science activities, analysis of criteria hardness, analysis of the severity and leniency of juries, and study of jury bias were carried out concurrently with this goal. At the end of the study, it can be easily inferred that the Multi-Facet Rasch measurement model could be used effectively to evaluate peer groups in science education and objective results could be obtained.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">641-657</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uladzimir K. Slabin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENDELEEV’S PORTRAYAL AND MENDELEEVIAN EPONYMS IN CHEMICAL EDUCATION: SIC TRANSIT GLORIA MUNDI</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry textbook</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eponym</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendeleev</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">periodic system</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713273324.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scholars as exemplars and their linked eponyms play a significant role in education. Since the discovery of the periodic law in 1869, perceptions of Mendeleev and his eponyms may have shifted. With the aim of assessing the historical and current portrayal of Mendeleev and his eponyms in chemistry textbooks and on the Internet, content analysis of textbooks, including Soviet and contemporary Russian (11) and Ukrainian (16), was conducted. Additionally, an Internet search in 7 languages was conducted to assess the prevalence of Mendeleevian eponyms online. Primary Mendeleevian eponyms are predominantly utilized in the Russian segment of the Internet. While Mendeleev’s portrayal held significance in mid-20th-century Soviet chemistry textbooks, his presence has dwindled in current Russian and Ukrainian textbooks. This decline is attributed to the obsolescence of associated chemical realities, the disputed priority of Mendeleev, and an ambiguous attitude towards him. The implications of this decline include loss of historical context, reduced memorization aids, impact on critical thinking, disruption of continuity, and reduced humanism in education. The research underscores the importance of a balanced and inclusive approach to science education, recognizing contributions from scientists of diverse backgrounds and perspectives, and highlights the interconnected nature of science education and international relations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">352-376</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurcan Kahraman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A META-ANALYTIC EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL AND SCHOOL-AVERAGE ACHIEVEMENT ON STUDENTS' SELF-CONCEPT IN SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">big fish little pond effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1709892182.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of individual and school average achievement on students’ self-concept in science. The data of the last four Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) cycles were used, and a two-stage individual data meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between achievement and self-concept in science. In the first stage, multilevel structural equation modeling was performed for each dataset. Furthermore, the effect sizes were synthesized via meta-analysis with a three-level random-effect model. In addition, moderation analysis was conducted for the year, grade, and degree of stratification in countries. The results suggested a positive and significant effect of individual science achievement on the self-concept of students in science. On the other hand, the relation of the average school achievement was negative. The results were discussed by considering the big-fish-little-pond effect.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-44</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aziz Amaaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abderrahman Mouradi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moahamed Erradi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MODEL FOR PHYSICS PRACTICAL WORK USING MOBILE LEARNING AND LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS) IN HIGHER EDUCATION: DESIGN, VALIDATION, AND EVALUATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LMS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mobile learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practical work</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1729493711.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite the importance of physics practical work in higher education, its implementation is often hampered by various constraints and problems. Technology, such as learning management systems (LMS) and mobile learning, can offer solutions to some of these problems and enrich students' learning experiences. Therefore, this research proposes a model called Practical Works in Physics via Mobile Learning and LMS (PWP-MLMS) that exploits features of LMSs and mobile devices to overcome specific challenges encountered in physics practical works and improve students' performance in these works. The model was designed, validated, and evaluated within the teaching context of a Moroccan university. To assess the model's effectiveness,128 students in the Bachelor of Education, Physics-Chemistry specialization were randomly divided into two groups of 64 students each: an experimental group using the model for practical work on the topic of rectification and filtering in the electronics module, and a control group following the conventional method for the same practical work. The results of the evaluation showed that the proposed model can significantly reduce the time required to complete the practical work, have a positive influence on the students' technical skills, and improve the quality of their laboratory reports.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">809-825</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nasser Mansour</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Çevik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali Yağci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah Bader Mohsen Alotaibi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heba EL-Deghaidy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELING THE FACTORS INFLUENCING SECONDARY STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN STEM SUBJECTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM subjects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural Equation Modeling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1719377762.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM education plays a key role in influencing and orienting students' interests towards STEM fields and careers. This influence is multifaceted, involving not only STEM content and experiences but also teachers, schools, and personal factors. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors impacting the academic performance of 951 tenth grade students in STEM subjects (physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, and information technologies) who are attending public and private schools in two provinces of Turkey. Using a correlational research model, the study assessed how students' personal characteristics, teacher effectiveness and school characteristics affect achievement in STEM courses. Data were collected using the ‘Factors Affecting STEM Achievement Questionnaire (FA-STEM-A)’, a 20-item questionnaire divided into three sub-dimensions. Analyses focused on the relationships between student characteristics, teaching quality, school infrastructure and STEM performance. Structural equation modelling revealed that positive student characteristics, especially fondness for STEM subjects and confidence in STEM abilities, moderately increase achievement. In contrast, negative factors attributed to teachers and schools, such as inadequate classroom activities, lack of educator expertise, inadequate technological resources, and large class sizes, hindered student performance. These findings emphasize the important influence of both inherent student qualities and external educational conditions in determining STEM education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">518-535</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wahyu Dilla Abdullah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adilah Afikah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ezi Apino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supahar Supahar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jumadi Jumadi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODERATOR EFFECT OF MOBILE LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN PHYSICS: A META-ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meta-analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mobile learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272578.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of mobile technology in physics education has become more prevalent, but more data about its effect on student academic performance needs to be collected. This meta-analysis examines the effects of mobile learning on student achievement in physics and any moderating factors. The study collected 36 primary studies from various scientific databases (Scopus, ERIC, DOAJ, Google Scholar) that met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that using mobile technology has a significant effect on student performance in physics compared to without mobile learning. Moderator analysis revealed differences in the effects of mobile learning on physics learning outcomes based on sample size, academic level, gender composition, learning media type, learning model type, learning outcome type, and measurement instrument type. However, no effect difference was observed in country status, publication year, sampling technique, and physics content. No publication bias was found in this study. Overall, the study suggests that mobile learning has a strong positive effect on student achievement in physics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187-207</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MORALITY, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI researchers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI usage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning environments</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734896956.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the important tasks of today’s education is to answer the question of “What are the moral and ethical issues associated with the use of advanced learning systems and modern learning environments, supported by AI methods?” Concrete responses could include the development of a recommendation, regulations and standards (some kind of test), on the basis of which one could assess whether an intelligent accessory (program or algorithm) for learning can ensure the students to acquire all the cognitive, social, and emotional competences, i.e., whether it is ‘safe’ to be used in the educational process. The development of such a &quot;test&quot; could affect the development of various similar ‘security’ tests of AI usage in other areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1116-1118</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zanele Vilakazi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lydia Mavuru</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sam Ramaila</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION IN LIFE SCIENCES: TEACHERS' AND LEARNERS' BELIEFS ABOUT CODE-SWITCHING </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">code-switching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive academic language proficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learner beliefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multilingual education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teacher beliefs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1734897768.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In South Africa, where multilingualism is prevalent, code-switching—a practice of alternating between languages—plays a significant role in shaping classroom dynamics and learning outcomes. This study explores the beliefs of both teachers and learners regarding code-switching in Life Sciences classrooms. Utilizing quantitative methods, the research is grounded in the Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) framework which emphasizes the pivotal role of language in the learning process. Data were collected from 100 learners and 44 secondary school teachers across multilingual areas in Sedibeng West, Gauteng Province in South Africa, using questionnaires. The findings reveal that teachers view code-switching as an effective strategy for clarifying complex scientific concepts and addressing language barriers, despite concerns about its potential impact on language proficiency and dependency. Learners, on the other hand, value code-switching for its role in making learning material more accessible and understandable. This study highlights the nuanced role of code-switching in enhancing educational outcomes in multilingual settings and suggests its potential benefits and challenges in the context of Life Sciences education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1291-1309</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Márió Tibor Nagy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erzsébet Korom</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEASURING SCIENTIFIC REASONING OF FOURTH GRADERS: VALIDATION OF THE SCIENCE-K INVENTORY IN PAPER-BASED AND COMPUTER-BASED TESTING ENVIRONMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer-based testing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">paper-based testing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science-K Inventory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702729056.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nowadays, the assessment of student performance has become increasingly technology-based, a trend that can also be observed in the evaluation of scientific reasoning, with more and more of the formerly paper-based assessment tools moving into the digital space. The study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the paper-based and computer-based forms of the Science-K Inventory, which assesses children's scientific reasoning in three aspects: experimentation, data interpretation, and understanding of the nature of science. The pilot study involved 84 fourth-grade Hungarian students, with 39 students taking the paper-based test and 45 students taking the computer-based test. Rasch measurements and reliability tests have indicated that both the paper-based and computer-based test versions are equally valid for assessing the scientific reasoning skills of fourth graders. Students achieved high test scores in both mediums, and there were no significant differences between boys' and girls' scientific reasoning in either test type. The novelty of this research was that the Science-K Inventory had not yet been tested in a computer-based format. The results demonstrate that the Science-K Inventory can be effectively utilized in digital testing to provide teachers with rapid and valuable information for fostering the development of their students' scientific reasoning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1050-1062</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beniamin Abramczyk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Szymon Ławicki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weronika Pyter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agata Bluszcz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ignacy Piszczek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonatan Audycki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julia Pawłowska</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MICROBIOLOGICAL AWARENESS AMONG UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 VACCINATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards vaccinations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">infectious diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microbiological education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SARS-CoV-2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1697653260.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is evidence that education levels have an impact on people's attitudes toward vaccination. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to maximize vaccinations - one of the most efficient ways to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Young individuals play a major role in disease transmission due to their intense social life and frequent asymptomatic infections. In this study, a survey of upper secondary school students in Poland was conducted to assess their microbiological awareness depending on subjects that they studied on the extended level and COVID-19 vaccination willingness. Participants learning biology and chemistry on the extended level had significantly higher microbiological awareness. Clear proof of microbiological awareness's influence on vaccination willingness was not found. Although studying biology did not significantly influence students' willingness to be vaccinated, their place of residence did. Students from bigger cities were more willing to get vaccinated. These results show that while science education raises microbiological awareness among upper secondary school students, place of residence, likely through social pressure, is a more important factor influencing vaccination willingness. It is suggested that more effort should be put into educating society as a whole and encouraging vaccination particularly.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">749-766</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdou L. J. Jammeh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Claude Karegeya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savita Ladage</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MISCONCEPTIONS ON BASIC STOICHIOMETRY AMONG THE SELECTED ELEVENTH-GRADE STUDENTS IN THE URBAN REGIONS OF THE GAMBIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic stoichiometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical reactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pH values interpretation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ misconceptions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681286687.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study complements previous research on a case study of chemistry lesson plans design and teaching. It has been found that chemistry education in The Gambia has been challenged by ineffective lesson plans design and teaching, and laboratory resources. The consequences have been unsatisfactory learning outcomes. However, what could lead to unsatisfactory learning outcomes in chemistry if basic stoichiometry is considered challenging? This has led the present study to develop a survey research method to assess students' misconceptions on basic stoichiometry. Through a systematic random sampling technique, 285-grade eleventh students were selected. The topics covered in the study included interpreting the pH of common substances, balancing basic stoichiometric equations, and inferences of experimental results. Students’ responses to misconception survey questions were reviewed and analysed. The results indicated that students could be taught some basic principles of stoichiometry. Students who were challenged to correct inferences from experimental results need to develop their knowledge better. Accordingly, the study concluded that chemistry education can indicate the success of introducing basic stoichiometry, including referencing to the lower grades, rather than secondary grades. Nevertheless, what this study could recommend was to examine the possible source and cause of such misconceptions concerning basic stoichiometry reactions and balancing.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">254-268</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jihoon Kang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODERATING ROLE OF SCIENCE SELF-CONCEPT IN ELICITING STATE CURIOSITY WHEN CONFRONTING A VIOLATION OUTCOME</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">moderating effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROCESS macro</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science curiosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science self-concept</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">state curiosity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728920.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A higher science self-concept may be required to stimulate state curiosity in incongruent situations, but there is limited research on the connection between science self-concept and state curiosity. The purpose of this study is to examine whether science self-concept moderates the process of arousing students’ state curiosity when they encounter results that violate their expectations in science learning. To achieve this aim, 410 fifth- and sixth-grade primary school students (194 female) were asked to solve science questions, and students who faced results that deviated from their expectations were classified as the violation outcome group (experimental group), while those who faced results consistent with their expectations were classified as the expected outcome group (comparison group). Then, the moderating effect of science self-concept on the relationship between science curiosity and state curiosity arousal in these two groups was verified using PROCESS macro. Results showed that science curiosity significantly predicted state curiosity in both groups. Notably, science self-concept had a significant moderating effect on the process of arousing state curiosity in the violation outcome group, where higher science self-concept led to a greater increase in state curiosity after confirming the correct answer. However, in the expected outcome group, the moderating effect of science self-concept was not significant. The implications of these findings for science education and potential directions for future research are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1025-1037</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mengmeng Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le Cai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dimei Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jianqiang Ye</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEASURING CHINESE RURAL SCIENCE TEACHERS’ SELF-PERCEPTION TOWARDS TEACHING COMPETENCIES: INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rural teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching competency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1671187941.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The teaching competency of rural teachers is fundamental to providing rural pupils with a high-quality education. Nonetheless, China has not yet established standardized competence criteria for rural science teachers, making it difficult to ascertain the actual competence of the rural teaching force on the front lines. Consequently, this study aimed at accessing Chinese rural science teachers’ teaching competency and exploring rural-urban differences by developing a measurement instrument. Factor analyses confirmed the reliability and validity of this instrument, which consisted of 21 items and four dimensions. In addition, the questionnaire was employed to examine 393 science teachers in China, discovering the significant rural-urban differences in terms of teaching implementation and learning evaluation together with teacher distribution. This study was hoped to promote the building of the teaching competency system and provide references for rural science teachers’ professional development.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1026-1039</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hongjun Xing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanfang Zhai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sisi Han</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuping Zhao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wenhui Gong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuting Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jing Han</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qiaoyi Liu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE MEASURING INSTRUMENT OF PRIMITIVE PHYSICS PROBLEM FOR UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: COMPILATION AND EXPLORATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primitive physics problem; problem solving; problem representation theory; assessment instrument</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122936.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem solving is considered one of the most critical competencies for life. However, many students may perform well in school yet cannot transfer the skills they learned in school to solve real-world problems, especially in science education. This study discusses the characteristics of the problem from the physics education perspective, based on Problem Representation Theory, and proposes a new type of problem: The Primitive Physics Problem. Moreover, the significance and contribution in promoting students' physics problem-solving ability, both theoretical and empirical, are described. Then the study develops a set of instruments that was tested on 811 students in 12th grade from 10 upper-secondary schools in China. The results showed that the new instrument had good reliability and validity. The promising application in the instruction of the Primitive Physics Problem and in measuring upper-secondary school students' problem-solving ability of the instrument is discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">305-324</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peitong Duan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huijun Niu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiawen Xiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caiqin Han</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTI-INDEX AND HIERARCHICAL COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR TRAINING QUALITY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING POSTGRADUATES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analytic Hierarchy Process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CIPP model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multivariate statistical analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">postgraduate quality training</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1656921079.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is essential to establish a multi-dimensional postgraduate quality evaluation system for student assessment and training. This study aimed to explore the construction of the multi-index and hierarchical comprehensive evaluation system for postgraduate training in science and engineering based on the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) model using Analytic Hierarchy Process. It involved 756 postgraduates in physics and engineering who were randomly selected via the Internet. Data were collected from the questionnaire about postgraduates' basic information. After collection, Factor Analysis was used to verify the rationality of the design of second-level and third-level indicators, and adjust the corresponding weights. On this basis, Cluster Analysis was used to classify the training quality of the postgraduates based on their scores on academic ability, basic quality, and social ability indicators. The results revealed that the index system includes 4 first-level indicators,12 second-level indicators and 36 third-level indicators, and different weights being assigned to the indicators according to their influence on the training quality of postgraduates in science and engineering. This study also provides some reference for the quality of science and engineering postgraduate training in Chinese universities by proposing relevant measures, which could be interesting also for international audience.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">408-427</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, P.-C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeng, P.-F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTILEVEL LATENT PROFILE ANALYSIS OF ESTONIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' CAREER EXPECTATIONS WITH SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AND GENDER AS COVARIATES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career expectation types</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multilevel latent profile analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA 2018 datasets</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variations between schools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236743.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although much research has explored the personal, family, school, and social influences on adolescents' career expectations, little is known about the types of family-related career expectations of students and career expectation contexts in school. Using PISA 2018 test data, a multi-level latent profile analysis was conducted with indicators of parents' occupational status and children's career expectations. This research found that family-related career expectations of Estonian secondary school students can be divided into three types: enterprising, resilient, and disengaged. At the organizational level, contexts for career expectations in schools can be classified as enterprising, enterprising and resilient composite, and disengaged and resilient composite types. The research also found that science achievement and gender predicted latent profile memberships at the individual level. It is proposed that to value the science curriculum and its teaching is to invest in future human resources. It is suggested that families and schools should pay attention to stimulating male students' career aspirations. The career expectation types of secondary school students within and between schools are of great significance to the construction of national human resources, the development of schools, and the research of families. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">788-800</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali Ihsan Benzer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suat Ünal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELS AND MODELLING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION IN TURKEY: A LITERATURE REVIEW</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">content analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">literature review</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modelling in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">models in science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1622790650.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examined articles about models and modelling in the context of science education in Turkey by using content analysis method. Two specific academic databases; one of which was Dergipark, a platform including the academic journals published in Turkey, and Scholar Google were examined in detail so that totally 71 articles on models and modelling in science education were identified. The “article analysis form” developed by the researchers considering into the relevant literature was used to examine these articles. The findings were presented in tables and charts to show the frequency and percentile values regarding the articles examined. As a result, it was found that the purpose of most of the articles is to examine the effect of model / modelling-based teaching method. Concerning the discipline related in the articles, physics was seen to be on the top of the list, more specifically astronomy subject. As another result, qualitative research method appeared to be the most commonly used research method in the articles at hand. Lastly, it was found out that the most frequently examined variable was the mental model of the participants, and the most preferred data collection instrument was conceptual understanding test. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">344-359</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zvonka Cencelj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kordigel Aberšek, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">METACOGNITIVE MODEL FOR DEVELOPING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING FUNCTIONAL LITERACY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering functional literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive didactic model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science functional literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1586941392.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science, technology and engineering functional literacy should be developed purposely in the school system – like any other competence, it does not develop spontaneously. For this purpose, a didactic model, the Metacognitive Model for Developing Science, Technology and Engineering Literacy (McM_T&amp;E), was developed. Apart from acquiring knowledge and skills from the field of technology and engineering, the McM_T&amp;E is equally focused on developing functional literacy in the field of technology and engineering, as well as in the field of science, through the development of students’ metacognitive knowledge about reading strategies for reading STE explicatory texts and for reading manufacturing instructions. The McM_T&amp;E was implemented in a Technology and Technique’ (T&amp;T) class, grade six, in Slovenia. Results show that focusing on science, technology and engineering literacy in Technology and Engineering classes by using the McM_T&amp;E model increases the students’ science, technology, and engineering functional literacy, which is a fundamental competence in the 21st century. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">220-233</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huanhuan Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanxia Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hualin Bi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELING TEACHING IN STUDY OF GALVANIC CELLS: UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL CONTEXT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">galvanic cells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proficiency level</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606764553.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Besides improving students' understanding of scientific concepts, chemistry teaching should also improve students' ability of applying concepts to solve problems. The research aims to explore the effects of modeling teaching on students’ proficiency in solving galvanic cell problems. This research used a quasi-experimental design, and the independent variable of the research was the teaching method. Forty-five students in the experimental class received modeling teaching, and 48 students in the control class received lecture-style teaching. The dependent variable was the performance level of the student's ability to solve the problem of the galvanic cell, which was evaluated using the galvanic cell proficiency assessment tool. The research results show that the students in the experimental class were significantly more proficient in solving galvanic cell problems than those in the control class. The results of unstructured interviews assisted in illustrating the role of modeling teaching in improving the proficiency of students in solving galvanic cell problems, and students in the experimental class had positive views on modeling teaching. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">972-988</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF LIGHT PROPAGATION TIME FOR 10- AND 14-YEAR-OLD STUDENTS: DIDACTICAL PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-sectional research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light propagation time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ representations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1554359871.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Student’s mental representations of physical concepts are often different from those of scientists. The research aimed to identify and compare mental representations of light propagation time by school children aged 10 (132 subjects), and 14 (109 subjects) years old. This research was conducted through individual interviews in which the students were asked to locate light propagation time in various tasks-experimental situations. The results of this research show that even though the students of two groups face difficulties in understanding light propagation time, as they grow older, they make statistically significant progress in constructing the conception of light propagation time. These findings allow to seek out educational perspectives on the understanding of the conception of light propagation time in organised scholastic environments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">276-285</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfiya R. Masalimova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTORING ON SCIENCE TEACHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mentoring activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559371904.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nowadays, mentoring as an educational form of Russia’s occupational activity is undergoing fundamental changes due to the variety of interrelated factors affecting the mentoring system. The requirements for the mentoring system itself are affected by these changes as well. Nature of the mentoring activity influences socio-economic, political, socio-cultural, pedagogical, methodical and individual factors. 
The main mechanism for the implementation of the proposed principles of mentoring is an integrative approach, involving the integration and interaction of 1) two processes – the process of occupational development of teachers and their readiness to implement mentoring activities; 2) two types of activities – occupational and mentoring; 3) all entities of the educational institution in the process of mentoring.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">320-322</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lilia Ellany Mohtar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lilia Halim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norshariani Abd Rahman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siti Mistima Maat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zanaton H. Iksan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamisah Osman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MODEL OF INTEREST IN STEM CAREERS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">life sciences STEM careers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perceptions of STEM careers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical sciences STEM careers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Cognitive Career Theory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372400.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studies have shown that various factors (the role of formal education, informal education, and community) contribute to the lack of participation in STEM and STEM careers. This research aimed to understand the multi pathways of factors contributing to the interest in STEM careers (STEM careers in physical sciences and STEM careers in life sciences). This research was a survey research which administered a questionnaire randomly to 1485 secondary school students (14 years of age). Data analysis was based on the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) to test the hypothesized model. A model containing five constructs, namely environmental factors (learning experiences, media, social influences), self-efficacy in science, technology, engineering and mathematics respectively, perceptions of STEM careers and interest in physical sciences and life sciences STEM careers was proposed in this research. The results show that students’ interest in life sciences based careers is influence by their self-efficacy and perceptions of the career. Meanwhile, students’ interest in physical sciences based careers is influence only by their self-efficacy and not influence by their perceptions of the career. The need to improve students’ self-efficacy through STEM learning experiences is imperative to ensure continued interest in STEM careers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">404-416</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitja Slavinec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boris Aberšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dino Gačević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Flogie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MONODISCIPLINARITY IN SCIENCE VERSUS TRANSDISCIPLINARITY IN STEM EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">industry 4.0</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interdisciplinarity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solar chimney</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transdisciplinarity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1559372546.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contemporary society of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) increasingly requires the education system (i.e., the school) to train competent, creative and proactive professionals who will be able to solve real life problems. If society is to achieve this, some key paradigm changes must occur in education. The school must first prepare a competence-based curriculum and, secondly, school practice should move away from subject-based teaching, towards an interdisciplinary STEM teaching approach. Obviously, to support this, modern learning environments and ICT solutions and tools have to be used. However, since the interdisciplinary STEM approach has already been implemented and integrated, it can be said that a new, integrated science discipline (STEM) has already emerged, together with a transdisciplinary approach to STEM learning and teaching.
In the present research, a concrete case of designing, developing and producing a solar chimney was used to demonstrate an integrated approach to learning and teaching, while emphasizing especially the advantages of such an interdisciplinary (transdisciplinary) approach to teaching Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematic content. The empirical research shows that such an approach produces incomparably better results, especially on higher cognitive levels, in comparison to traditional approaches to learning and teaching. 
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">435-449</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gordana Miscevic Kadijevic</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ABOUT DIFFERENT ANIMALS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">didactically modeled activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental representations of animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503904873.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adequate mental representations of animals are important for children’s personal development, because they result in their appropriate treatment of such animals, which would not, for example, compromise either animals’ or children’s safety. By using a convenient sample of 101 six- to seven-year old children, this research examined these representations regarding animals’ names, feeding habits, body coverings, and dangerousness. The representations were assessed using a questionnaire referring to 18 animals, and the research focused on the frequency of correct responses and gender differences in these responses for each animal. It was found that whereas the naming of animals was very successful, the mental representations of animals’ feeding habits and body coverings were less mature, including some misconceptions not found in previous studies. In addition, the participants’ explanations about why animals are dangerous or harmless revealed that their mental representations about different animals were correct to a moderate degree. Finally, gender differences in the mental representations were almost missing. Some implications for school or kindergarten work with children are given (e.g., reducing misconceptions about and fear of some animals). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">500-509</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todar Lakhvich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELLING IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION: THE WAY TO GET THE BETTER RESULTS IN REAL THROUGH THE USE OF AN IDEALIZED UNDERSTANDING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computational modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theoretical investigation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ways of reasoning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1493049329.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The initial period of Science was almost completely empirical. Both Science itself and Science Education were based on the experiment. Then Science gained the new paradigm which was rather formal by nature and fundamental in methodological meaning. Still the tool for interconversion between the empiric and theoretical moieties seems to be the core point of the consideration and can be associated with the problem of modeling, which is one of the most important in modern Science. Earlier we postulated (Lakhvich, Kostareva, Lehankova, 2009; Lakhvich, 2010) that adequate modelling and visualization in particular is to be the core element for the modern Educational model and paradigm for Science. A great number of publications, devoting to the problem, confirm dramatically its relevance. Still the discussion in many aspects manifested the initial stage of the recognition, models mostly being discussed in terms of object recognition and computational modeling. We consider the category of modelling is more comprehensive and can be discussed in various aspects, some of them are all-pervading philosophy principle (Harnad, 1987), psychological tool for cognition (Lakhvich, Kostareva, Lehankova, 2009) and finally the model having for Science its own complex structure.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mustafa Akilli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murat Genç</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF SELECTED AFFECTIVE FACTORS ON LEARNING STRATEGIES AND CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude towards science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning value</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural equation model (SEM)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503905406.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is well known affective, cognitive and psychomotor factors have positive effects on science learning process. All these factors have interaction between themselves. So it is important to research what is the size and direction of these interactions. The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of value, attitude and self-efficacy on active learning strategies and classroom activities using Structural Equation Model. The research was conducted by the analysis of students’ answers to questionnaires data using Structural Equation Modelling. Initially KMO and Bartlett’s tests were done to test appropriateness of scale to factor analysis. Then theoretical structural model was tested using LISREL.  At the end of the SEM test, it was found that there are positive effects of selected affective factors on learning strategies and classroom activities. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">599-611</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Astrid von Albedyll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisa Vogt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daniel Dreesmann</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUCH MORE THAN OLD WINE IN NEW SKINS: STUDENTS’ AND ADULTS’ KNOWLEDGE ON GRAPEVINE AND VINEYARDS AS A STARTING POINT FOR NEW TOPICS IN SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">botany and viticulture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge on grapevine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainability education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503905462.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young people continually lose contact to their natural surroundings and agriculture. As school is one of young people’s main source of knowledge it should bring students and nature back together, by using agricultural examples. This research examines German students’ and adults’ knowledge on plant biological basics and viticulture choosing grapevine as an agricultural example of plants. It was undertaken as a paper-and-pencil test with participants of different ages and from different educational backgrounds. The results reveal the weaknesses of participants’ knowledge concerning botanical as well as viticultural aspects. Additionally, the results show a positive correlation between their age and their knowledge on viticulture. Thus, it shows the chance given by developing new teaching material meeting curriculum requirements, modern didactical approaches and the attempt of reconnecting young people with their agricultural surroundings. By using the example of grapevine a local and culturally important agricultural plant is chosen as a representative of different phenomena of botany as well as steps of food processing.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">612-624</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyuksoo Kwon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eunsang Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dongkuk Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">META-ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INVENTION EDUCATION IN SOUTH KOREA: CREATIVITY, ATTITUDE, AND TENDENCY FOR PROBLEM SOLVING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invention education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meta-analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South Korea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology Education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481286024.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to synthesize the research findings on the effects of K-12 invention education regarding creativity, attitudes toward invention, attitudes toward science, and tendency for technological problem solving in South Korea. Meta-analyses were conducted by calculating the effect size of 37 studies, including theses and journal papers associated with the implementation of invention education, published in South Korea. The overall effect size was medium (0.694), and invention education was found to have an effect on education. The effect sizes determined by the dependent variables and the categorical variables indicated that invention education had a positive impact. In other words, invention programs have helped improve K-12 students’ creativity, attitudes toward science, and tendency for technological problem solving. However, the number of program sessions and participants in invention programs did not have an impact on the benefits of invention education. Considering the effects of invention education on the students’ perspectives, this study could be helpful to both K-12 educational researchers and practitioners in the fields of science and technology education. Further studies are needed to develop the concrete instructional strategies of invention education for K-12 science and technology classrooms.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48–57</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Isabel Runnel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margus Pedaste</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Äli Leijen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODEL FOR GUIDING REFLECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guidance of reflection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instructional models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology-enhanced learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425757877.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Only a limited number of studies have focused on guiding students’ reflection in the context of inquiry learning in science education. In this study, a review of literature about reflection, reflection skills, and reflection levels was conducted in order to develop a new model for guided reflection in the context of science education using the advantages of technology-enhanced learning. The outcomes of the literature review suggest that in the context of science education reflection should be seen as a metacognitive activity that supports the integration of theory and one’s own experiences to learn from experience. It contains active reviewing and conceptualization of regulative and inquiry activities. The main activities of reflection in this context are describing, justifying, evaluating, and discussing. According to the theoretical model, describing can be guided by writing a diary or narrative, justifying by explanation guidance, or evaluating and discussing by role play. Guiding questions can be applied in supporting all activities of reflection.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107-118 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexandru Balog</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costin Pribeanu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violeta Šlekienė</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES AS PERCEIVED BY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">measurement models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social networking websites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425808627.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The rapid expansion of social networking websites is raising several issues regarding the influence on the individual and social behavior of users. It is without doubt, that social networking websites are a phenomenon of a contemporary society, which has to be explored in various aspects. It is only because SNW are becoming more and more important for the whole society, especially for the youth, after all, they undoubtedly change the world. Their penetration is observed in various society life spheres. Education is not an exception. It can be stated, that SNW change educational processes. However, the main question is: how change? Can they harm, or maybe on the contrary – help in terms of education. Having carried out empiric research, a hierarchical and multidimensional measurement model was developed to explore the negative effects of these websites. The model has been tested on one sample and cross validated on another sample. It has been stated, that SNW negative effects is a multidimensional construct, having several facets that describe distinct aspects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">378-388 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maija Nousiainen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAKING CONCEPT MAPS USEFUL FOR PHYSICS TEACHER EDUCATION: ANALYSIS OF EPISTEMIC CONTENT OF LINKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concept maps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epistemic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166729.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In physics teacher education the use of graphical knowledge representation tools like concept maps are abundantly used because they are known to support the formation of organised knowledge. It is widely assumed that certain structural characteristics of concept maps can be connected to the usefulness of content. In order to study this relationship, the concept maps made by pre-service physics teachers are examined here. The design principles of the concept maps are based on quantitative experiments and modelling as the basic procedures in physics concept formation. The epistemic plausibility of justifications written in links is evaluated by using a four-level classification introduced here. The results show that the epistemic analysis of links affects remarkably to the acceptability of knowledge. The advantages of such concept mapping technique in supporting the conceptual understanding in physics teacher education are discussed as well as their usefulness in making plans for teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-42 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamby Subahan Mohd Meerah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohd Fairuz Ahmad Harail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lilia Halim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MALAYSIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS BIOTECHNOLOGY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biotechnology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">survey</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167606.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this research is to investigate secondary students’ knowledge and attitude towards biotechnology and its application. A questionnaire was administered to 214 (16 years old) students who are either taking Biology or General Science. The questionnaire contained 15 items measuring students’ knowledge and also 28 items measuring students’ attitude towards biotechnology. The students’ level of knowledge is high but limited only to medical issues. Students showed positive attitude towards biotechnology applications that are related to medical and economic purposes. However, students are unaware of ethical issues related to biotechnology applications. The t-test showed that there was no significant difference of students’ knowledge of biotechnology in terms of gender. However, there was a significant difference in terms of students’ attitude towards biotechnology between Biology and General Science students. These findings serve as initial input of Malaysian secondary students’ knowledge and attitudes towards biotechnology and its application.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153-163 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulent Cavas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE MEANING OF AND NEED FOR “INQUIRY BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION (IBSE)”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific thinking skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166507.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is clear from many studies that European students’ interest in science, mathematics and technology has been declining while their grade levels have increased. Another alarming issue for Europe is recruitment of students for science and technology related careers. According to the ROSE Project results, extremely few girls wish to become scientists, and even for boys the percentage is low. And in Europe, around 50% of boys gave a positive response to the question: “I would like to get a job in technology”, but very few girls indicated that they would like to pursue such a career option (Sjoberg and Schreiner, 2010). These kinds of results from project reports highlight the urgent need for more effective action on the teaching and learning of science in schools. 
According to a report published by the European Commission, the science education community mostly agrees that pedagogical practices based on inquiry-based methods are more effective for the teaching and learning of science. However, the reality of classroom practice is that in the majority of European countries, these methods are only being implemented by relatively few teachers (Rocard et al, 2007). The report continues to explain the advantages of inquiry based science education (IBSE) and the recommendations clearly promote the use of IBSE for the teaching and learning of science in Europe.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reijo Byman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalle Juuti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veijo Meisalo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATIONS IN PHYSICS LEARNING: A SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivational orientations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multilevel confirmatory factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-determination theory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419169253.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The first objective of the present study was to test the factorial validity of the inventory designed to measure students’ motivation to study physics in school. Based on self-determination theory (SDT), it was hypothesised that the four factors of External Regulation, Introjected Regulation, Identified Regulation and Intrinsic Motivation account for the covariances among the items of the inventory. It was also expected that gender moderates the factorial validity of the inventory. A sample of 3626 Finnish comprehensive school students was used. A multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MLCFA) was used to investigate the fit of the hypothesised four-factor model. The second objective of the present study was to investigate different educational correlates of the four motivation factors. Girls had a statistically higher mean score than did boys for all four factors. Otherwise only minor gender differences were found. Implications for physics teaching are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379-392 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konstantinos  Ravanis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panagiotis Pantidos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evangelos Vitoratos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF NINTH GRADE STUDENTS: THE CASE OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">properties of the magnetic field</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ mental representations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404741157.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study of students’ mental representations of Natural Sciences concepts and phenomena constitutes a central part of Science Education research, as they play a decisive role in teaching. In the study presented here, we investigate 157 ninth grade students’ mental representations of the magnetic field, after they were taught about it in school. The empirical data was gathered through an interview using 4 tasks which involved the evaluation of actual or hypothetical situations. The research data included mental representations that cause difficulty in the comprehension of the properties of the magnetic field.
The results of all four tasks show that the students face considerable difficulty in evaluating actual or hypothetical experimental situations involving the application of the properties of the magnetic field. It is indicative that, with the exception of the task concerning the exertion of magnetic forces in air to which approximately 4 out of 10 students responded adequately, in the remainder of the tasks only about 1 out of 10 students are able to fully process the situations presented, to express reasoning and formulate hypotheses based on declarative school knowledge. Of course, this is not solely due to the inadequate comprehension of magnetic properties (as in Task 4, concerning the permanent magnetisation of certain substances), as well as the inability to correlate characteristics caused by the magnetic field and the rest of the characteristics of the experimental situation. For example, as we saw in Task 3, the exertion of interactive forces on the magnetic field is closely linked to the question of interactive forces within a field, which is a problem we generally come across (Solomonidou &amp; Kolokotronis, 2001). We could, therefore, address the question of organising the appropriate teaching activities in order to make the properties of the magnetic field better understood, as well as the question of reorganising sections of the curriculum in order for the study of magnetic properties to become systematically linked to questions of the general properties and the nature of fields. Especially, the discussion about tasks 2 and 3 indicates that any teaching intervention about magnetic field is fruitful to be designed in connection students’ mental representations about Newtonian model. 
Moreover, it appears that a discussion concerning a satisfactory comprehension of the magnetic field has to encompass not only the specific properties of the magnetic field, but also the special applications of these properties in various experimental situations. This will make it possible for students to elaborate magnetic properties in a functional way and to alternate back and forth between the model and reality, finally arriving at the construction of the model of the magnetic field. This sequence of steps is very important since, as the results of our study have shown, students who merely followed conventional lessons on the magnetic field and had already completed the first round of a qualitative approach to magnetic and electromagnetic phenomena have considerable difficulty in using the fundamental properties of the magnetic field.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50-60 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aarne Toldsepp</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE MATHEMATICAL AND LOGICAL APPROACHES TO R&amp;D WORK OF COMPILING CURRICULA FOR CHEMISTRY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">curriculum design and structuring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relevance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404739889.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was to show how combine qualitative and quantitative approaches in the framework of R&amp;D activities for compiling balanced curricula for chemistry education. The mathematical model based on graph theory was built up. This model allowed us to calculate two kinds of parameters to characterize the structure and composition of a given teaching material:
- parameters characterizing every single structural element of the teaching material in the selected content;
- parameters describing the teaching material as a whole. 
Two important educational concepts of selection and structuring of teaching material was derived from mathematical model represented by directed graph – continuity and compactness. As an example of using mathematical and logical approaches for compiling curricula of chemistry education these theoretical concepts were applied to organic chemistry courses for basic and high schools. Results showed that the mergering of curriculum design with chemical epistemology, personal and social relevance of teaching material and mathematical and logical models creates a new forum where constraints to educational reforms can be reviewed and resolved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120-129 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincentas Lamanauskas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODERN SCIENCE EDUCATION AS INVESTMENT TO THE FUTURE (DEAR READERS AND WRITERS)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404286522.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dear Readers and Writers!

Recent international and regional scientific research carried out at different level point to mean learners’ involvement into natural sciences. Such tendency is strongly marked in the developed countries. A number of negative tendencies have been disclosed by international ROSE research /http://www.ils.uio.no/english/rose/ the results of which are carefully analyzed in the majority of countries worldwide. Natural science education is playing a crucial role in both developed and developing countries. Quality-based natural science education is necessary for every human living in a modern world. As it was mentioned above, different investigations show that natural sciences have lost their previous attractiveness in the developed countries. On the contrary, the young generation of the developing countries most frequently has a positive interest in natural sciences. Professor A.Broks affirms that presently, the majority of people have failed to take a clear position on the events taking place in our lives, and therefore education is often accepted through chaos as well as through dangerous and old-fashioned ideas promoted by the West. On the other hand, in most of the cases, natural science education in school is not popular, inexactly correspond to the curricula and have no relevance to the learners’ needs. The introduced situation is determined by several common and uncommon factors. The process of natural science education in comprehensive school is one of those not adequate for the present day and achievements in sciences. Such inadequacy first of all has relation with competence of teachers of natural sciences. Insufficient competence is frequently determined by the inappropriate process of studies in universities training would-be teachers of natural sciences. To some purpose, in a number of countries, careful attention is paid to adopt new approaches for training teachers of natural sciences, for example the international project IQST (Improving Quality of Science Teacher Training in European Cooperation) / http://www.iqst.upol.cz/. Although the above introduced project is not large enough, however it is expected that its results will have powerful impact on improving the system of teacher training in universities. The need of the project can be clearly reflected by the remark that in the entire participating countries one can observe lack of science teachers, mainly of physics and chemistry teachers, as well as lack of students in this teacher training. There is not doubt that science teaching has a crucial role to play in shaping the future development of the EU. 
A valid point is that JBSE has found the reader. The editorial board receives interesting manuscripts, suggestions, responses and positive evaluations. The staff of the magazine is grateful to everyone for improving the image of the journal. In behalf of the editorial board I would like to thank all the members of the board as well as the reviewers of the articles for thorough and superficial examination of every paper presented. It’s valuable and immediate help necessary for the magazine to be available for the reader. Ten editions have already been published. We expect that any of the issues included interesting and valuable topics relevant to everyone engaged in improvement of natural science education at all levels of the education system. The readers and authors should accept the fact that due to the increase of the journal’s ratings, from now on, the magazine will be published three times a year. Moreover, considering the standards defined by the international community, the numeration of the periodical has been changed. 
The editorial board is looking forward to collecting articles that discuss various issues. Public natural science education (sophistication) is a burning question. Apparently natural science education is crucial for training the present young generation. In this case, there is no difference whether a young person will be engaged in natural sciences in the future. The increase of the interest of those not involved in sciences or having a previously formed negative attitude towards the subjects is a more complicated problem to be solved. This is concern and obligation of the whole scientific pedagogical society working in the field of natural science education. 
With kind regards!</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kari Sormunen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heikki Saari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOVING BEYOND TEACHING METHODS IN SCHOOL SCIENCE - EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL VIEWPOINTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower and upper secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching methods</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404234702.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The question of how to implement teaching methods in school science finally emerges, when new science curricula are introduced and taken in use. Fundamentally new orientations in curricula might however, be in conflict with the situation which is predominant at schools with more traditional views of school science. We start our article by exemplifying the Finnish situation in relation to the science curriculum renovation, taking into consideration tensions at a more general level. Our aim is to bring into discussion both epistemological questions and communicational aspects of science teaching and learning. We conclude that moving beyond the traditional focus on facts and the laws of science; we could teach students to use the knowledge and expertise of others, raising questions, living with uncertainty, articulating ideas in public forums, using evidence, reaching consensus, and making group decisions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-39</style></section></record></records></xml>