<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jian-Bo Zhu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu-Zhou Luo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE PREDICTION OF SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT WITH SCIENCE IDENTITY AND SCIENCE LEARNING SELF-EFFICACY AMONG CHINA’S UPPER-SECONDARY STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science identity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning self-efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper-secondary students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713273483.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science identity, encompassing perceptions of competence, interest, and recognition in science, alongside learning self-efficacy reflecting confidence to master science skills, are key drivers of outcomes. However, developmental patterns likely vary across contexts. Participants were 512 Chinese students spanning grades 1-3 who completed the Science Identity Scale and Science Learning Self-Efficacy Scale, with physics, chemistry, and biology achievement scores gathered. A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model assessed relationships. Results substantiated psychometrics for motivational measures. The model indirectly predicting achievement via first-order discipline-specific paths explained more variance than direct second-order effects. Effects significantly varied across groups stratified by grade and region. Interest and conceptual knowledge drove physics and chemistry success, while higher-order skills enhanced biology achievement overall. However, relationships differed within subgroups, suggesting personalized motivational support needs—self-belief/competence foundations for struggling learners, conceptual development for those with high prior achievement, and intrinsic enrichment for disinterested students. Results detail complex motivational profiles underlying science achievement requiring tailored identity safety and self-efficacy scaffolding alongside conceptual and skill-building for excellence across scientific disciplines. Motivational support systems may spur more equitable and optimal science outcomes among diverse adolescent learners.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">390-410</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xianwei Gao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nai Peng Tey</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siow Li Lai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABSENTEEISM AND STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE: IMPACT ON EXAM RESULTS AMONG EIGHTH-GRADE STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">home educational resources</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantile regression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">valuing science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702728725.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Absenteeism and students' attitudes toward science have an impact on the exam results among eighth-grade students in Malaysia and Singapore. This study employed weighted least squares and quantile regression techniques on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 data to analyze the net effect of these two factors in influencing the academic performance of eighth-grade students. Given Singapore's considerable lead in TIMSS ranking over Malaysia, this research sheds light on modifiable factors that can help Malaysia enhance its national science education. Absenteeism was more pressing in Malaysia than in Singapore, but it significantly influenced exam results in both countries. However, there was no significant difference in attitudes toward science. Results from quantile regression show that these impacts were not uniform across the performance distributions. The study's results emphasize that absenteeism, home educational resources, and parental education contribute to the performance disparities between the two countries. These results underscore the importance for policymakers and educational planners in Malaysia to take proactive steps in addressing these shortcomings to improve students' exam results, to work towards narrowing the performance gap, and to enhance science education.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">991-1010</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammet Usak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harun Uygun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muharrem Duran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF SCIENCE TEACHERS' PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE ON STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE AND THEIR ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching experience</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662187302.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is one of the most important research topics in science teacher education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the PCK of science teachers with different teaching experiences and examine the effects of teachers' PCK on students' achievement and attitudes toward science. A mixed methods research design was used for the study. Participants were science teachers and their students from two middle schools. Interviews, observation forms, achievement tests, and attitude scales were used as instruments for data collection. Data were collected and analyzed using content analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings obtained from the quantitative and qualitative data showed some significant differences between teachers' PCKs according to their teaching experience. The results also showed that the PCK of a teacher with the least experience was lower than that of the other two experienced science teachers. The results indicated that experienced teachers who developed PCKs did not significantly impact student achievement and attitudes. Educational implications and recommendations for further studies are also provided.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">694-705</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AiBin Tang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WenYe Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dawei Liu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE IMPACT OF TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE PEDAGOGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TIMSS 2019</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hierarchical linear model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122655.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers’ professional development (PD) is considered to be a topic of interest in science education. This study examines the impact of professional development in science pedagogy (PD in PED) on students’ achievement and how it influences teachers’ instruction based on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science (TIMSS)2019. The sample comprised 2,968 fourth-grade students and their 145 teachers and 3,265 eighth-grade students and their 150 teachers in Hong Kong. Teachers’ emphasis on science investigation (TESI) was included as a mediating factor. Multilevel mediation analyses revealed that PD in PED was significantly positively related to students’ science achievement, while the link between PD in PED and students’ science achievement was positively and completely mediated by TESI in the fourth grade. However, TESI had no mediating effect in the eighth grade, a finding that may be attributed to the characteristics of teacher PD programmes in different grades. The results also show that many teacher PD programmes are not of high quality and are intellectually superficial from the perspective of students’ achievement gains. Implications for teacher PD practices are discussed as well.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">258-274</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, P.-C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeng, P.-F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTILEVEL LATENT PROFILE ANALYSIS OF ESTONIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' CAREER EXPECTATIONS WITH SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AND GENDER AS COVARIATES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career expectation types</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multilevel latent profile analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA 2018 datasets</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variations between schools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236743.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although much research has explored the personal, family, school, and social influences on adolescents' career expectations, little is known about the types of family-related career expectations of students and career expectation contexts in school. Using PISA 2018 test data, a multi-level latent profile analysis was conducted with indicators of parents' occupational status and children's career expectations. This research found that family-related career expectations of Estonian secondary school students can be divided into three types: enterprising, resilient, and disengaged. At the organizational level, contexts for career expectations in schools can be classified as enterprising, enterprising and resilient composite, and disengaged and resilient composite types. The research also found that science achievement and gender predicted latent profile memberships at the individual level. It is proposed that to value the science curriculum and its teaching is to invest in future human resources. It is suggested that families and schools should pay attention to stimulating male students' career aspirations. The career expectation types of secondary school students within and between schools are of great significance to the construction of national human resources, the development of schools, and the research of families. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">788-800</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon Fah Lay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khar Thoe Ng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A COMPARISON OF SCHOOL CLIMATE WITH TIMSS 2015 SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SOUTH-EAST AND EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Classroom instructions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparative study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leadership motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680594.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since 1995, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) implemented the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) as an international comparative study. This article aims at identifying the correlations of science classroom instructions with TIMSS science achievement of eighth graders among countries in Southeast Asia and East Asia. The freely downloadable secondary data were analyzed using a plug-in for SPSS, i.e., the International Database (IDB) Analyzer (version 4.0) of IEA using an imputation methodology involving plausible values so that student’s performance can be reported. This study found that Southeast and East Asian countries with high average science achievement adequately emphasized academic success, have teachers with job satisfactions well as facing few challenges, have students with sense of belonging to school. Based on the research findings, policy recommendations were made to the Malaysian Ministry of Education to boost Malaysian eighth graders' science performance in the forthcoming TIMSS studies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">790-810</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yakup Saban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bülent Aydoğdu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rıdvan Elmas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACHIEVEMENT AND GENDER EFFECTS ON 5TH GRADER'S ACQUISITION OF SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS IN A SOCIOECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED NEIGHBORHOOD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender in science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lower secondary school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1564686680.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science process skills (SPSs) play a significant role in science education. This research aimed to determine the acquisition level of 5th-grade students in SPSs with classroom activities. The research was a case study, and the data were collected by focus group interviews, document analysis, and observations. The sample of the research was six students from the fifth grade selected based on maximum variation sampling. Science process skills focused worksheets, focus group interview schedule, and observation forms were used as data collection tools. As a result, it was found out that the students were at the average or above the average level in observing, predicting, measuring, comparing and classifying skills; and they were at below the average level in inferring, organizing data, identifying and using experimental materials, processing data and formulating models, controlling variables, experimenting, interpreting and inferring. Also, it was determined that students with high academic achievement have more acquisition in SPSs. Besides, it was found out that the development of SPSs is gender neutral, it depends on the number of activities that are made in the classroom and what is the role of the students in these activities. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">607-619</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chun-Chu Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tse-Yu Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL FEMALE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision making trial and evaluation laboratory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural Equation Modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1550082738.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research was the first research integrating decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to analysis factors, including interest in science, value in science and confidence in science, affecting female students’ science achievements from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011. The research constructed two causal models base on mutual effect of value in science and confidence in science by DEMATEL analysis. The causality of two factors in model 1 was value in science affected confidence in science and model 2 vice versa. According to the results of SEM analysis, fit indices of CFI, GFI and AGFI in model 1 were 0.851, 0.796 and 0.745; in model 2 were 0.818, 0.772, and 0.873. And results showed that female students had better fitness in model 1; in other words, the causality of value in science to confidence in science might have an important effect on the science achievement of female students. Lastly, these findings could provide not only a different perspective for future researches but also a useful insight as a reference for policy making and improvement by relevant decision makers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39-50</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon Fah Lay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A.L. Chandrasegaran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE CONTRIBUTION OF TEACHER PREPARATION ON GRADE 8 STUDENTS’ SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT IN TIMSS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career satisfaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">confidence in teaching science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher preparation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1533708650.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ultimate aim of this research  was to explore the contribution of teacher preparedness or readiness (in terms of their academic background, confidence in teaching science and career satisfaction) towards the achievement in science among Malaysian and Singaporean eighth-graders. The TIMSS 2011 international assessment of student achievement at the eighth grade comprises written tests together with sets of questionnaires that gather information on the educational and social contexts for achievement in science. The TIMSS 2011 science achievement scale was used to gauge Grade 8 students’ science achievement. Confidence in Teaching Science Scale and Teacher Career Satisfaction Scale was used to explore science teachers’ confidence in teaching science and career statisfaction, respectively. Data were obtained from 5,733 Malaysian students and 5,927 Singaporean students who participated in the TIMSS 2011 study using two-stage random sample design.Higher science achievement among Singaporean eighth grade students was related to teachers having more teaching experience, being confident in  science teaching, and being satisfied with  careers . However, these findings were not evident in Malaysia. The findings of such a research may help science educators and policy makers to identify and nurture the strong learning prerequisites of early adolescents in different education systems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">576-589</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kilic Depren, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREDICTION OF STUDENTS’ SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT: AN APPLICATION OF MULTIVARIATE ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES AND REGRESSION TREES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">machine learning algorithms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1539418761.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turkey is ranked at the 54th out of 72 countries in terms of science achievement in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey conducted in 2015, which is a very big disappointment for that country. The aim of this research was to determine factors affecting Turkish students’ science achievements in order to identify the improvement areas using PISA 2015 dataset. To achieve this aim, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) approaches were used and these approaches were compared in terms of model accuracy statistics. Since Singapore was the top performer country in terms of science achievement in PISA 2015 survey, the analysis results of Turkey and Singapore were compared to each other to understand the differences. The results showed that MARS outperforms the CART in terms of measuring the prediction of students’ science achievement. Furthermore, the most important factors affecting science achievements were environmental optimism, home possessions and science learning time (minutes per week) for Turkey, while the index of economic, social and cultural status, environmental awareness and enjoyment of science for Singapore.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">887-903</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namudar İzzet Kurbanoğlu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatma Koç Nefes</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTEXT-BASED QUESTIONS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: THEIR EFFECTS ON TEST ANXIETY AND SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT IN RELATION TO THE GENDER OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context-based questions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conventional questions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Test Anxiety</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422784.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Context-based questions can be effective in reducing test anxiety and increasing science achievement. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of context-based questions on the test anxiety and science achievement of secondary school students enrolled in a science course, in relation to gender. Seventy students who were found to have high levels of test anxiety were selected from the 185 seventh-grade students at a public school in Turkey. The Revised Test Anxiety Scale (RTAS) was used to measure the students’ test anxiety. The scores the students obtained in three different examinations were considered as indicators of their academic achievement. The analysis results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the test anxiety and science achievement scores of the students who were given context-based questions and the corresponding scores of the students who were given conventional questions. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the main effect of gender and treatment and there was no gender interaction effect. These findings suggest that context-based questions can be considered as a better alternative to conventional questions for reducing students’ test anxiety and improving their science achievement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">382-390</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bo Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacob Misiak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATING THREE GRADING METHODS IN MIDDLE SCHOOL SCIENCE CLASSROOMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rubric-based grading</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1473430856.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims to fill a gap in middle school science education that no direct comparison has been conducted on three popular grading methods - point based, rubric based, and rubric plus written feedback based - on science achievement and motivation. Participants in this quasi-experimental study are 136 7th and 8th grade students from Midwest USA. Results indicate that for both grades, the written feedback group performs significantly better than the point-based and the rubric-only groups on both achievement and motivation measures. However, science achievement under rubric-based grading but without written feedback is not different from that under the traditional points-based grading, underscoring the important extra power that written feedback delivers. This study recommends that written feedback be highly relevant (to the academic standard being assessed), limited in number (to the major misconceptions students have), and giving a second chance (for students to act on to improve learning). </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207–215</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orhan Ercan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTS OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING MATERIAL ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE COURSES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">healthy nutrition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science attitudes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519324524.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study implemented multimedia learning material developed for the 5th grade science course topic &quot;Food and Healthy Nutrition&quot; and examined its effect on students' academic achievement and science attitudes. The study used a control group, a pre-test-post-test quasi experimental research design, and a convenience sample consisting of 62 5th grade students. The research instruments were an achievement test and a science attitude scale. During the implementation process the experiment group learned using multimedia learning material and the control group learned with traditional methods. Data were analyzed using an independent-samples t test, a paired-samples t-test, and ANCOVA statistics. According to the findings there is a statically significant difference between post-test achievement scores of the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group scoring higher. Also there is a statically significant difference between students' post-test scores in terms of gender, favoring females over males. In terms of science attitude there is also a significant difference between post-test scores of the experimental and control groups. In conclusion it may be said that multimedia learning promotes more effective learning in science education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">608–621 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hakan Y. Atar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burcu Atar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INVESTIGATING THE MULTILEVEL EFFECTS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES ON TURKISH STUDENTS’ SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENTS ON TIMSS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HLM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TIMSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419167414.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two-level hierarchical linear modelling was used to analyse data obtained from TIMSS 1999 database to examine the effect of inquiry-based learning on science achievement of eighth-grade students in Turkey. The influence of teachers’ emphasis on scientific reasoning and problem solving and availability of school resources for science instruction on inquiry-based learning and science achievement slopes were also examined. At the student-level, overall plausible values were used as the outcome variable whereas gender, availability of home educational resources, attitude toward science, and inquiry-based learning were predictor variables. At the school level, there were two predictor variables: teachers’ emphasis on scientific reasoning and problem solving and availability of school resources for science instruction. While statistically significant and negative relationship was found between inquiry-based learning and within-school science achievement, there were nonsignificant effects of school-level predictors on inquiry-based learning and science achievement slopes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">115-126 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Özlem Sadi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jale Cakiroglu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF HANDS-ON ACTIVITY ENRICHED INSTRUCTION ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes toward science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hands-on activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1410008481.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of hands-on activity enriched instruction on sixth grade students’ achievement and attitudes toward science. In this study, Science Achievement Test and Science Attitude Scale were used to assess students’ achievement on sense organs and students’ attitudes toward science respectively. Two teachers with four classes and total of 140 sixth grade students were participated in this study. One class of each teacher was assigned as experimental group and treated with hands-on activity enriched instruction and other class was assigned as control group and treated with traditional instruction. The Science Achievement Test and the Science Attitude Scale were administered twice as pre-test and after three week treatment period as a post-test to both experimental and control groups to measure students’ achievement and attitudes. Multivariate Analyses of Covariance (MANCOVA) results revealed that hands-on activity enriched instruction were more effective than traditional instruction. However, the statistical results failed to show a significant difference between the experimental and control groups’ attitudes toward science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87-97 </style></section></record></records></xml>