<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kharisma Eka Putri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Punaji Setyosari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ratna Ekawati</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEGRATING PEER SCAFFOLDING INTO GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING TO ENHANCE SCIENTIFIC LITERACY AND CRITICAL THINKING AMONG PRE-SERVICE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guided inquiry learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">peer scaffolding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service elementary school teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August / 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2026/987-1789235491.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Developing scientific literacy and critical thinking is fundamental to contemporary science education. This study explored whether integrating guided inquiry learning with peer scaffolding could improve the scientific literacy and critical thinking of pre-service elementary school teachers. A total of 226 pre-service elementary school teachers enrolled in the Basic Concepts of Elementary Science course participated in this quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest control group design. Students in the experimental group engaged in guided inquiry integrated with peer scaffolding, whereas the control group received conventional teaching. Peer scaffolding was systematically incorporated throughout all phases of guided inquiry and was preceded by a pre-peer scaffolding phase involving briefing and concept reinforcement. Scientific literacy and critical thinking were assessed using validated instruments developed from the OECD/PISA framework and Ennis' critical thinking indicators (Cronbach's α = .835). Data were examined using the Mann–Whitney U test, N-gain analysis, and effect size. The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher scientific literacy and critical thinking than the control group (p &lt; .001), with N-gain scores of .676 and .773, respectively. The findings indicate that integrating peer scaffolding into guided inquiry is an effective approach for enhancing the scientific literacy and critical thinking of pre-service elementary school teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">695-709</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seong-un Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE TYPES OF PEER SCAFFOLDING IN SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">peer scaffolding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative case study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific experimental activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ interaction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662186805.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study studied the types of peer scaffolding presented in scientific experimental activities. The study included 14 university students. For the experimental activity of ‘determining temperature changes using the meridian altitude of the sun,' information regarding experimental behaviors, thinking aloud, discourse, and retrospective interview data were collected and analyzed. A model was derived and utilized for experimental activities to analyze peer scaffolding, wherein students internally structured their experiences with the experimental activities. The results indicated that students utilized seven means of peer scaffolding: ‘demonstrating’, ‘assisting’, ‘monitoring’, ‘posing’, ‘questioning’, ‘explaining’, and ‘suggesting’. Three types of peer scaffolding emerged: task completion-, model elaboration-, and learning support-oriented scaffolding. Each type differed in purpose, main mean, and major explanation details. Additionally, this study has observed the level of the model for the experimental activities and the time that had been provided to understand the experimental procedure influenced the three peer scaffolding types. These outcomes indicate that providing ample time to students independently structure the experimental procedure and supporting other students during experimental activities are essential. Moreover, providing assistance to students in focusing on observable phenomena by reducing the cognitive load required to process the experimental procedure is crucial.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">594-614</style></section></record></records></xml>