<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wonbin Jang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minchul Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING AND APPLYING FRAMEWORK OF MATHEMATIZATION IN PHYSICS EDUCATION IN DIGITALIZATION ERA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digitalization in science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematization in science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nature of science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4765173</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematics, as the language of science, enables the quantitative and structural description of physical phenomena. In physics education, mathematical representation underpins theoretical modeling and strengthens explanatory and predictive reasoning. As digital technology becomes integral to science learning, practices such as simulation, data visualization, and AI-based analysis increasingly depend on mathematical expression to construct scientific meaning. This Study analyzes how mathematical elements are differentially emphasized in Korean, U.S., and England’s physics curricula and demonstrates that these differences systematically shape the forms of inquiry-based learning supported in digitally enriched educational contexts. The analysis focuses on three national curricula that explicitly connect physics and mathematics: Korea’s 2022 Revised Curriculum, the United States’ Next Generation Science Standards, and England’s National Curriculum. A framework of mathematization elements was developed from prior literature and applied to achievement standards through frequency and qualitative analyses. A total of 134 mathematization elements were identified, revealing statistically significant cross-national differences. Korea places strong emphasis on mathematics as a means of perception through experimentation and data analysis, England highlights the expression of quantitative relationships, and the United States foregrounds modeling via approximation and visualization. These findings indicate that effective physics education in the digital era requires integrating established mathematization practices with data analysis, simulation, and coding-based approaches.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88-101</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thuthukile Jita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamontsuoe Lintle Maraisane</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY CHILDHOOD PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES OF TEACHING SCIENCE USING DIGITAL TOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital tools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preservice teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technology integration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TPACK</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913729</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The integration of digital tools into early childhood science education creates new possibilities for interactive and engaging learning experiences, enabling young children to understand abstract scientific concepts better and stimulate their curiosity. These technologies have the potential to reshape how children explore scientific ideas by engaging with concepts through digital tools. However, despite these promising opportunities, their use also presents several challenges for educators. Framed by the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, this qualitative case study examined the experiences and educational practices of preservice teachers as they integrated digital tools during their teaching practicum. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations involving ten preservice teachers, and were analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that participants mainly selected digital tools based on pedagogical considerations, including learner engagement, conceptual understanding, and alignment with the curriculum. While participants reported positive effects on learners, they also identified several constraints related to the use of digital tools and emphasized the need for professional training. This study concludes that meaningful technology integration in early childhood science education is driven by pedagogy rather than technology itself. Such integration is strengthened through coherent, practice-oriented preservice teacher preparation that aligns theoretical knowledge with scaffolded opportunities for classroom enactment and reflection.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">475-488</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soyeon Jang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sungman Lim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VISUAL ATTENTION IN EARLY PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS DURING OBSERVATION ACTIVITIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eye-tracking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observation skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science process skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visual attention</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4913726</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific observation is a foundational inquiry skill in early childhood science education, yet how visual attention develops during observation tasks among lower-grade primary school students remains underexplored. This study examined whether and how visual attention during science observation activities differs across Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 primary school students and adults in Korea. A cross-sectional comparative design was employed, using eye-tracking technology to measure fixation duration, fixation count, and gaze transitions across four tasks structured according to SAPA's hierarchy of observation skills. A total of 108 participants (Year 1: n=16, Year 2: n=35, Year 3: n=33, Adults: n=24) completed the tasks, and group differences were examined using one-way ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc tests. Year 1 students consistently differed from all other groups: they showed shorter fixation durations on target areas, more frequent gaze transitions, greater attention dispersal toward irrelevant information, and weaker top-down attentional control. Year 2 and Year 3 students generally performed comparably to adults. These findings indicate that Year 1 students are at a critical developmental stage in the development of observation ability, and suggest that the design of science observation activities and curriculum materials for lower-grade students should reflect these age-related attentional characteristics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">461-474</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Limin Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qing Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le Ji</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huiying Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COGNITIVE DIAGNOSIS OF UPPER-SECONDARY STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS IN IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM BASED ON THE RULE SPACE MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive diagnostic assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ionization equilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning path</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rule space model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575767</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating students' cognitive understanding of core concepts and identifying learning path aligned with their cognitive developmental patterns are critical for enhancing conceptual mastery in chemistry. This study employed the Rule Space Model to investigate students' cognitive characteristics and learning path in comprehending the conceptual network centered on &quot;ionization equilibrium.&quot; Within this framework, nine key attributes were identified, and corresponding assessment instruments comprising 23 test items were developed. The assessment was administered to 340 upper-secondary school students in China, with systematic scoring and analysis of their responses. The findings reveal that: (1) The assessment demonstrates satisfactory reliability and validity; (2) Students exhibited significant cognitive challenges in four attributes: &quot;Ionization degree,&quot; &quot;Ionization equilibrium constant,&quot; &quot;Solution acidity/alkalinity and pH,&quot; and &quot;Acid-base titration&quot;. (3) The predominant learning path for students to construct a conceptual network is： Electrolyte → Strong /weak electrolyte → Ionization equilibrium → Ionization degree → Ionic product of water → The shift in ionization equilibrium → Ionization equilibrium constant → Solution acidity/alkalinity and pH → Acid-base titration.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">742-755</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yongjun Jeong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Da-yeon Yoo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lim, S.-M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyonyong Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngshin Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARISON OF TEACHING AND LEARNING CONCEPT NETWORKS RELATED TO ECOSYSTEM COMPOSITION IN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN REPUBLIC OF KOREA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">connection network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning concept network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching concept network</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4659914</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Learning in the classroom is mainly done through verbal interaction. Since science learning is a subject in which it is difficult for students to acquire knowledge on their own, teacher guidance in class is more important. This study aimed to compare teaching and learning concept networks for the ecosystem-related content taught in upper secondary schools in the Republic of Korea. This content is divided into two classes—namely, ‘Ecosystem Components’ and ‘Interactions between Ecosystem Components’. The key concept and connection networks for teaching and learning concepts were analysed. The study participants were 10th-grade students and three teachers who taught them. The teacher’s class content was recorded, while the students’ learning concepts were examined using a questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using NetMiner 4.0. The results of this study are as follows: First, the teachers and students predominantly shared the concept of the entire ecosystem; however, the detailed structures of the concept networks differed. Second, the teacher did not clearly teach the concepts of the ‘Ecosystem Components’ and ‘Interactions between Ecosystem Components’ classes and utilised the concepts repeatedly. Third, the follow-up learning content impacted the pre-learning. These findings suggest that teachers need to clearly divide concepts into each topic when teaching. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905-917</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chuang Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Rabu, S. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurullizam Jamiat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENHANCING PHYSICS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT, MOTIVATION AND INQUIRY SKILLS IN A FLIPPED CLASSROOM: A STRUCTURED INQUIRY-BASED VIRTUAL LAB APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physical learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structured virtual laboratory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1740921121.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrating virtual laboratories (VLs) with science education promotes inquiry-based learning by providing an interactive, dynamic environment in which students actively engage with scientific concepts. While previous research highlights the effectiveness of VLs as tools in the IBL process, few studies have embedded the entire inquiry process within VLs or explored their application in flipped classrooms. This study addresses these gaps by proposing a Structured Inquiry-Based Virtual Lab (SIVL) approach to improve students' physics learning achievement, motivation, and inquiry skills in a flipped physics classroom. A quasi-experimental design was used with 120 ninth grade students from three intact classes in a lower-secondary school located in central China. The three classes were randomly assigned to one of these groups to implement flipped physics learning by using SIVL, General Virtual Lab (GVL), or a traditional flipped classroom (TFC) by using the physics laboratory method, respectively. The results revealed the SIVL approach improved students' physics learning achievement, inquiry skills, and intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation, which indicates its effectiveness as an innovative model for physics education.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-52</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walton Wider</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yong Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yin Myo Thant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choon Kit Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leilei Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiansheng Peng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAPPING THE INTELLECTUAL LANDSCAPE OF PRIMARY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliometric analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=4575768</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary science education is critical for developing scientific literacy and fostering long-term interest in STEM. However, implementation faces challenges such as limited teacher preparation, rigid curricula, and unequal digital access. Purpose: This study aims to map the intellectual structure and emerging trends in primary science education research using a bibliometric approach. Method: A total of 2,295 publications from the Web of Science database were analyzed using VOSviewer. Bibliographic coupling and co-word analyses were conducted to identify influential publications, thematic clusters, and evolving research patterns. Results: Five main thematic clusters emerged: (1) technology-enhanced instruction using augmented and virtual reality, (2) equity and teacher competence in science achievement, (3) cognitive and metacognitive scaffolds, (4) dialogic and integrative pedagogies, and (5) computational thinking in STEM. The findings indicate a shift toward student-centered and digitally mediated pedagogies. However, gaps remain in culturally responsive computational thinking and understanding teacher identity in reform efforts. Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive overview of primary science education research, highlighting key areas of progress and remaining challenges. It underscores the need for inclusive digital integration, culturally responsive teaching, and interdisciplinary frameworks. Future studies should expand database coverage for a more global perspective.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">756-773</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ni Wayan Rai Utari Dewi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wonbin Jang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minchul Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RISK PERCEPTION AND RESPONSE TO NATURAL HAZARDS WITHIN SCIENCE CURRICULUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural hazards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">risk perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">risk response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1746292867.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural hazards pose global risks making it essential to incorporate risk perception and response strategies into science curricula. This study analyzed the distribution of risk perception and response indicators for natural hazards—including earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, landslides, floods, droughts, volcanoes, wildfires, storms, and extreme temperatures (heat waves, cold waves)—in lower secondary science curricula: the Cambridge Lower Secondary Curriculum 2020 (UK), Indonesia Merdeka Curriculum 2022, South Korea Curriculum 2022, and Singapore Lower Secondary Express and Normal (Academic) Curriculum 2021. A descriptive qualitative content analysis was conducted by analyzing curriculum documents to evaluate risk perception and response indicators distribution. The findings show that the distribution of risk perception and response to natural hazards in specific science curricula does not align with the geographic characteristics of the respective regions. Furthermore, risk perception is given greater emphasis than response strategies, creating an imbalance in the lower secondary science curriculum. This study suggests the need to modify the explanation of risk perception and response to natural hazards in the science curriculum, which emphasizes a global approach that broadens understanding beyond local hazards to prepare individuals for risks they may encounter while moving, traveling, or living in other countries.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239-254</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feng Deng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changlei Xiao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fenglin Jia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peiyao Tian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Junhao Zhu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPING CHEMISTRY PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (PCK) THROUGH THE LEARNING BY COLLABORATIVE DESIGN (LBCD) CURRICULUM MODEL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry preservice teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBCD curriculum model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PCK development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1724479922.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is crucial for effective teaching, but it is a complex and implicit knowledge, especially in chemistry education. Therefore, this study explores the use of the LBCD (Learning by Collaborative Design) model to support PCK development among pre-service chemistry teachers. This study adopted a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design, conducting the intervention with 210 participants. After data collection, the study first conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the pre-and post-test data, confirming the good reliability and validity of the designed chemistry PCK questionnaire. Additionally, paired sample t-tests were used to measure pre-service teachers' PCK development in dimensions of CTO, KOA, KOC, KOL, and KOS. Furthermore, unstructured interviews helped to further clarify the participants’ views of the effectiveness of the LBCD curriculum. The results showed that the developed chemistry PCK questionnaire and the LBCD model had a significant statistical impact on the PCK elements development among pre-service teachers, although the development of these elements was not balanced. Finally, the study provides suggestions for the measurement of PCK elements, as well as chemistry teacher education, such as applying the LBCD model to different teacher groups and testing PCK element models using the methods of this study.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">615-631</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nthoesele Hlaela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loyiso C. Jita</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING PHYSICS TEACHERS’ DOMAIN-SPECIFIC PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE COMPONENTS IN LESOTHO SECONDARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">domain-specific PCK</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PCK components</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272845.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is considered an important ingredient in shaping classroom practice. PCK requires valid measurement at domain-specific level on different components excluding the teaching context. While the research focuses on measuring the PCK of unqualified teachers and pre-service teachers, the description of qualified teachers’ domain-specific PCK is often overlooked. The purpose of this study was to measure quantitatively the domain-specific PCK of qualified physics teachers focusing on the five PCK components: content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, assessment knowledge, knowledge of students and curricular knowledge. Data were collected through the paper-and pencil PCK test that was responded to by 87 Physics teachers teaching the last two years of secondary school. Data were analyzed using the Extended Rasch Model and descriptive statistics. The results revealed that Physics teachers have a low PCK in general and low levels of PCK components, the lowest being content knowledge. The study recommends regular refresher workshops for qualified teachers focused on developing different PCK components, with more emphasis on content knowledge.  </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">240-259</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wahyu Dilla Abdullah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adilah Afikah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ezi Apino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supahar Supahar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jumadi Jumadi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODERATOR EFFECT OF MOBILE LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN PHYSICS: A META-ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meta-analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mobile learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713272578.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of mobile technology in physics education has become more prevalent, but more data about its effect on student academic performance needs to be collected. This meta-analysis examines the effects of mobile learning on student achievement in physics and any moderating factors. The study collected 36 primary studies from various scientific databases (Scopus, ERIC, DOAJ, Google Scholar) that met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that using mobile technology has a significant effect on student performance in physics compared to without mobile learning. Moderator analysis revealed differences in the effects of mobile learning on physics learning outcomes based on sample size, academic level, gender composition, learning media type, learning model type, learning outcome type, and measurement instrument type. However, no effect difference was observed in country status, publication year, sampling technique, and physics content. No publication bias was found in this study. Overall, the study suggests that mobile learning has a strong positive effect on student achievement in physics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187-207</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunkoog Jho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minsu Ha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TOWARDS EFFECTIVE ARGUMENTATION: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A GENERATIVE AI-BASED EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK SYSTEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">argumentative writing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">automated assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural language processing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">web architecture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1713273011.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed at examining the performance of generative artificial intelligence to extract argumentation elements from text. Thus, the researchers developed a web-based framework to provide automated assessment and feedback relying on a large language model, ChatGPT. The results produced by ChatGPT were compared to human experts across scientific and non-scientific contexts. The findings revealed marked discrepancies in the performance of AI for extracting argument components, with a significant variance between issues of a scientific nature and those that are not. Higher accuracy was noted in identifying claims, data, and qualifiers, as opposed to rebuttals, backing, and warrants. The study illuminated AI's promise for educational applications but also its shortcomings, such as the increased frequency of erroneous element identification when accuracy was low. This highlights the essential need for more in-depth comparative research on models and the further development of AI to enhance its role in supporting argumentation training.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">280-291</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Zou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lizhen Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiao Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanbing Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSMENT OF CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN STUDENT LEARNING OF MOON PHASES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment of conceptual understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">level division</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moon phases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantitative analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1693508291.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many research studies have shown that lower-secondary school students’ scientific literacy depends on their understanding of corresponding scientific concepts. Therefore, it is of great significance to model and assess students’ conceptual understanding in learning specific scientific concepts, because it can reflect and diagnose students’ cognitive characteristics, so as to provide evidence for targeted educational interventions. However, on the topic of Moon Phases, existing research studies have deficiencies in the evaluation and analysis of different levels of students’ conceptual understanding, which restrict teachers to take effective educational interventions to help them. Thus, this study explored a new level division and an assessment test for revealing and explaining students’ different conceptual understanding in learning Moon Phases. This study was conducted among 768 Chinese lower-secondary school students. Through a variety of quantitative and qualitative analyses, it was found that students’ conceptual understanding of Moon Phases can be divided into three levels of continuous improvement, including the mechanical memory of different phenomena of moon phases, the formation of a preliminary mental model of Moon Phases, and the construction of a complete mental model of Moon Phases. Accordingly, this study made some precise suggestions for effectively improving students’ conceptual understanding of Moon Phases.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">719-736</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fauziah Sulaiman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosales JR., J. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee Jae Kyung</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTEGRATED STEM-PBL PHYSICS MODULE ON STUDENTS’ INTEREST, SENSE-MAKING AND EFFORT </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classical mechanics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integrated STEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">personal interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics module</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Project-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sense-making and effort</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1676961125.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Issues like why students felt far from physics and did not choose physics as their prime learning option are familiar in education. This paper aims to study the effectiveness of the STEM-Project-Based learning module in physics on students' personal interest and sense-making and effort. This research used the quasi-experimental model, employing a two-group pre-survey-post-survey design. Quantitative data were collected using the Colorado Learning Attitude about Science Survey (CLASS) instrument at two selected schools in Sabah, Malaysia, and Seoul, Korea. The sample size was 88 Form 4 students in Malaysia and 66 second-year high school students in Korea who learned classical mechanics. The students were divided into two groups, respectively, i.e., the experimental group (Malaysia=44, Korea=33) and the control group (Malaysia=44, Korea=33). Participants in the experimental group were intervened with the integrated STEM-PBL physics module, whilst participants in the control group learned physics through a conventional approach for eight weeks. Participants in both groups were then administered a pre-survey before and post-survey after the intervention. This research showed that the integrated STEM-PBL physics module significantly improved students' personal interest, and sense-making and effort after the intervention. The paper also highlighted the research's implications and suggestions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113-129</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Zou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xinyu Xue</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lizhen Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiao Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanbing Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPROVING LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION OF BUOYANCY THROUGH ENHANCING THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF BUOYANCY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual framework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge integration of buoyancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific concept understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the nature of buoyancy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1702729488.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent years, developing students’ knowledge integration of specific topics through effective teaching methods has been a concern in science education. This study explored an alternative teaching method, which aims to help lower secondary school students develop their knowledge structure about buoyancy towards a logically integrated conceptual framework through enhancing their understanding of the nature of buoyancy. Specifically, this study constructed a conceptual framework on buoyancy and a set of matching test questions to map out the three levels of knowledge integration of students, and designed and implemented a teaching experiment of promoting students’ understanding of the nature of buoyancy. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, it was found that the knowledge integration development of the treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group. The results indicated that enhancing students’ understanding of the nature of buoyancy can effectively improve their knowledge integration of buoyancy. Accordingly, improving knowledge integration through enhancing students’ understanding of the nature of the specific scientific concept may be a new direction for future research.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1120-1136</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdou L. J. Jammeh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Claude Karegeya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savita Ladage</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MISCONCEPTIONS ON BASIC STOICHIOMETRY AMONG THE SELECTED ELEVENTH-GRADE STUDENTS IN THE URBAN REGIONS OF THE GAMBIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic stoichiometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical reactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pH values interpretation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ misconceptions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1681286687.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study complements previous research on a case study of chemistry lesson plans design and teaching. It has been found that chemistry education in The Gambia has been challenged by ineffective lesson plans design and teaching, and laboratory resources. The consequences have been unsatisfactory learning outcomes. However, what could lead to unsatisfactory learning outcomes in chemistry if basic stoichiometry is considered challenging? This has led the present study to develop a survey research method to assess students' misconceptions on basic stoichiometry. Through a systematic random sampling technique, 285-grade eleventh students were selected. The topics covered in the study included interpreting the pH of common substances, balancing basic stoichiometric equations, and inferences of experimental results. Students’ responses to misconception survey questions were reviewed and analysed. The results indicated that students could be taught some basic principles of stoichiometry. Students who were challenged to correct inferences from experimental results need to develop their knowledge better. Accordingly, the study concluded that chemistry education can indicate the success of introducing basic stoichiometry, including referencing to the lower grades, rather than secondary grades. Nevertheless, what this study could recommend was to examine the possible source and cause of such misconceptions concerning basic stoichiometry reactions and balancing.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">254-268</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hong-wei Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wen-jie Ma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ling-min Yuan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TYPES OF QUALITY AND EQUAL SCIENCE EDUCATION SYSTEMS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUALITY IN EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disadvantaged students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational equity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">equality in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inequality in education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2023/987-1687108116.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Some education systems have both quality and equality. They have achieved educational equity. This study aimed to uncover the practical wisdom of such systems in developing educational equality. A quantitative research design was used. Family capital and science achievement were the variables analyzed. They were secondary data collected by the 2018 PISA test. PISA surveyed students' family capital with questionnaires and measured students' science achievement with cognitive items. Six education systems with quality but low equality comprised the control group. Its sample size ranged from 4656 to 8312. The experiment group included nine quality and equal education systems, with sample sizes ranging from 3766 to 21490. The relative error and conditional probability were calculated to determine educational equality. Rawls' difference principle was used as a theoretical perspective. The findings showed that quality and equal education systems had three types: equal-start, equal-improvement, and egalitarian. The primary measure to improve equality in education is to ensure educational benefits for students in the bottom quartile of family capital. The development of educational equality was accompanied by a sustained reduction in the achievement gap between the disadvantaged and the advantaged. Implications for educational practice are discussed. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">439-453</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Zou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lizhen Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanbing Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Hu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION IN STUDENT LEARNING OF BUOYANT FORCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment of knowledge integration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">buoyant force</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">central idea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conceptual framework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific concept understanding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662187488.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Students’ problem-solving ability depends on their understanding of related scientific concepts. Therefore, the modeling and assessment of students’  understanding of specific scientific concepts is important to promote students’ problem-solving ability, as it can find students’ understanding difficulties and explore breakthrough strategies accordingly. Inspired by the theory of knowledge integration and combined with the situational characteristics of science education in China, this study established a conceptual framework about buoyant force, which was applied to model students’ different understandings of it. And based on the established framework, an assessment of buoyant force was designed and tested among 622 Chinese lower-secondary school students. Through the analysis of the test data and the interview outcomes, it was found that students’ understanding of buoyant force could be divided into three levels of knowledge integration including novice, intermediate, and expert. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that an emphasis on the nature of buoyant force can be an effective strategy to help students achieve a deeper conceptual understanding of buoyant force, leading to a more integrated knowledge structure.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">720-738</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svatava Janoušková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Bílek</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CRISES OF THE WORLD, CRISES OF THE SCIENCE EDUCATION? LET´S TAKE A CRISIS AS AN OPPORTUNITY!</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Footprint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy crises</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236403.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The world faces several crises in the last years. There have been more active conflicts presently than at any time since 1945. More than 82 million refugees must live away from their homes. The Covid-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic loss of human life worldwide and caused economic and social disruption, whose further consequences related to human health and further aspects of well-being can be only estimated so far. Many countries are fighting climate change for a long time and this “fight” has been disrupted by unprecedented energy crises that changes our energy goals from day to day. We are surrounded by uncertainty and worries about the future which rises of populist forces even in the democratic part of the world.  So, there is no doubt that we are living through challenging times. There are many strategies for coping with these challenges, one of them is acceptance. It allows us to see reality in the present moment and to move forward. But still, there will likely be many options to choose. We believe that science education is (can become) a means for explaining possibilities and our chances. At least in some of the above crises. And sustainable development indicators with good narratives can be effective educational and information tools bringing evidence about changes in the society and environment (Janoušková et al., 2022).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">744-746</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksandar Janković</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dragan Lambić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF GAME-BASED LEARNING VIA KAHOOT AND QUIZIZZ ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THIRD GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">game-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kahoot</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-test-post-test research design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quizizz</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1652122393.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The application of student response systems could have a lesser effect on the science education of younger students compared to the effects achieved with older students in language and social science courses. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the application of Kahoot and Quizizz on the academic achievement of third grade primary school students (9 years old) in a natural sciences course. A total of 113 third grade primary school students participated in this research. During the experimental phase which lasted 4 weeks, the participants were divided into three groups. Out of two experimental groups one group used Kahoot as a learning aid, while the other used Quizziz. The third group was the control group. At the beginning and at the end of the experimental phase, the participants were given an academic achievement test. The results of this research showed that the experimental group which used Kahoot for learning the content of the natural sciences course achieved significantly higher results in the post-test than the control group. There were no significant differences in the academic achievement of the group which used Quizizz and the other two groups. This result indicated that Kahoot could be used effectively as a learning aid in third grade primary education in the field of natural sciences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">224-231</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branislava K. Blajvaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Z. Bogdanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamara S. Jovanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena D. Stanisavljević</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milica V. Pavkov-Hrvojević</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE JIGSAW TECHNIQUE IN LOWER SECONDARY PHYSICS EDUCATION: STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT, METACOGNITION AND MOTIVATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognitive awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">parallel group design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662186576.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physics teaching should facilitate students to acquire knowledge, increase metacognitive awareness and motivation for learning physics. The implementation of cooperative learning could be useful for improving teaching. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of cooperative learning (specifically the jigsaw technique) on students’ achievement in physics, metacognitive awareness, and motivation. An experiment with parallel groups (experimental and control) was carried out with 92 seventh-grade students (in lower secondary education). Jigsaw technique was implemented in the experimental group, while the control group was taught using teacher-directed teaching method. Students’ physics achievement, metacognitive awareness and motivation were measured using knowledge tests and questionnaires (before and after the experiment). Statistical analysis included calculations of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, performance of the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.  The research results showed that the implementation of jigsaw technique in physics classes significantly improved students’ physics achievement, metacognitive awareness, and motivation. Therefore, it can be suggested that this technique is beneficial in lower secondary physics education, and it can be recommended to implement the jigsaw technique in everyday school practice. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">545-557</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, P.-C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeng, P.-F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTILEVEL LATENT PROFILE ANALYSIS OF ESTONIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' CAREER EXPECTATIONS WITH SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AND GENDER AS COVARIATES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career expectation types</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multilevel latent profile analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA 2018 datasets</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variations between schools</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1667236743.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although much research has explored the personal, family, school, and social influences on adolescents' career expectations, little is known about the types of family-related career expectations of students and career expectation contexts in school. Using PISA 2018 test data, a multi-level latent profile analysis was conducted with indicators of parents' occupational status and children's career expectations. This research found that family-related career expectations of Estonian secondary school students can be divided into three types: enterprising, resilient, and disengaged. At the organizational level, contexts for career expectations in schools can be classified as enterprising, enterprising and resilient composite, and disengaged and resilient composite types. The research also found that science achievement and gender predicted latent profile memberships at the individual level. It is proposed that to value the science curriculum and its teaching is to invest in future human resources. It is suggested that families and schools should pay attention to stimulating male students' career aspirations. The career expectation types of secondary school students within and between schools are of great significance to the construction of national human resources, the development of schools, and the research of families. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">788-800</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">'Maphole Marake</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loyiso C. Jita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Tsakeni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR TEACHING FORCE CONCEPTS   </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">force concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical content knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teacher knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teachers’ perceptions of knowledge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://oaji.net/articles/2022/987-1662187050.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is important for students to understand force concepts because they are central to learning physics and other sciences; however, students find it difficult to understand. There are calls for teachers to tap into their professional knowledge and develop beliefs that help them assist students comprehend the topic. To meet this challenge, teachers’ perceptions of their knowledge base for teaching force concepts should be probed because perceptions act as windows into teachers’ practices. This study, therefore, explored physics teachers’ perceptions of their knowledge base for teaching force concepts. Science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) frameworks were used to develop a questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale administered to 100 physical science teachers who were randomly selected from 54 schools in five districts in Lesotho. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results suggest that, even though teachers reported positive views about their knowledge base, there is no correlation between sub-components of curricular knowledge. It is concluded that teachers should build the curricular knowledge by participating in collaborative activities. It is, therefore, recommended that studies that probe teachers’ actual knowledge of PCK constructs are executed, so that appropriate information is available when planning professional development activities targeting teachers’ PCK.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">651-662</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milica M. Gajić</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomka B. Miljanović</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Babić-Kekez, S. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera D. Županec</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamara T. Jovanović</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORRELATIONS BETWEEN TEACHING STRATEGIES IN BIOLOGY, LEARNING STYLES, AND STUDENT SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR INQUIRY BASED TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">descriptive method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning styles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching strategies in biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theoretical analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616865664.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research studies aimed at finding a more efficient model of teaching biology are still sporadic and inconsistent in the contemporary literature. The main aim of the research was to examine the correlation between the application of teaching strategies in biology teaching and students' school achievements, depending on how much the teacher respects their learning styles. The method of theoretical analysis and descriptive method were applied in the research. The sample consisted of 151 third-grade students (39.7% male and 60.3% female) of upper-secondary school.  Kolb’s Inventory of Learning Styles and Questionnaire for Assessing the Teaching Strategies of Biology Teachers were used as data gathering tools. Independent t-test, χ2 - square test, and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze data. The results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between teaching strategies, learning styles, and students' school achievement in biology learning. At the same time, students perceived the applied teaching strategies differently, and manifested different dimensions of learning styles. This was followed by the conclusion that students achieved better school achievements in biology teaching when they were taught in the ways that corresponded to their learning styles, which pointed to certain implications for inquiry-based teaching, as well as in education of future biology teachers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">184-203</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mária Ganajová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Sotáková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanislav Lukáč</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuzana Ješková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veronika Jurková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renáta Orosová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT AS A TOOL TO ENHANCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF INQUIRY SKILLS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment classroom techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students’ performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper secondary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1616865729.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Formative assessment (FA) is considered a powerful tool to enhance learning. However, there have been few studies addressing how the implementation of FA influences the development of inquiry skills so far. This research intends to determine the efficacy of teaching using FA in the development of students’ inquiry skills. A test of inquiry skills was used as the main research instrument to identify the level of the selected inquiry skills before and after a period of teaching with or without FA in the experimental and control group respectively. In the experimental group (n=73), FA was implemented across five subjects: biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and informatics, while the control group (n=48) was taught without any external intervention. In both groups, mostly teacher-centred methods of teaching were applied. The research findings confirmed a low initial level of inquiry skills. Teaching using FA showed higher efficacy than teaching without FA, even without a special focus on the inquiry methods. The experimental group achieved significantly better results compared to the control group. In addition, the results confirmed higher efficacy of FA in lower performing students. Gender did not prove as a determining factor in the effective implementation of FA.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">204-222</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wei Fang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE GENERATIVE MECHANISM OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ OCCUPATIONAL EXPECTATIONS IN THE BALTIC COUNTRIES: INFLUENCE OF FAMILY, SCHOOL, AND INDIVIDUAL SCIENCE LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">occupational expectation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PISA 2018 datasets</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning achievement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">two-level latent covariate model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680421.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gender, learning achievements, parents’ occupational status, social-economic backgrounds, and a few traits of schools affect students’ occupational expectations. However, no research had integrated the above factors to investigate the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations. After combining student-level and school-level PISA 2018 datasets, two-level latent covariate modeling was used to find the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations in the Baltic countries. The mechanism had its primary concern to understand roles parents’ occupational status and individual science learning achievement played on students’ occupational expectations. The results indicate that the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations of Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia are the power model, the maternal model, and the science learning achievement pattern, respectively. It suggests one parent having high occupational status is to mold children’s high-skilled occupational expectations, and it would be better the mother is the higher occupational status parent. It highlights the importance of strengthening adult education, especially that aimed at families with both parents of low occupational status. It disapproves of a mother being a full-time housewife. It may impede her children from having ambitions for high-skilled jobs. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">759-774</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tao Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, J.-G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yin-yin Wu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACT OF INSTRUCTION ON SCIENCE PERFORMANCE: LEARNING INITIATIVE AS A MEDIATOR AND GENDER AS A LIMITED MODERATOR</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eighth-grade students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender difference</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediation analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science performance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648627.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research explores whether classroom life (CL), textbooks (TE), and learning initiative (LI) are mediators between instruction (P) and science performance, as well as whether these mechanisms are moderated by gender. 484 eighth grade students completed the questionnaire with four subscales of P, LI, TE, and CL. For the needs of triangulation and complementarity, three focus group interviews were conducted later. Based on mediation analysis and multi-group structural equation modeling, it was found that 1) the direct effects of P on LI, P on CL, P on TE, and LI on science performance are significant, while the other direct effects are insignificant; 2) comparing to the male group, the direct effect of P on LI in the female group is larger; 3) characteristics hindering students’ science learning include: the pace of a lesson is too fast, pictures and experiments are less in the textbook, and top students and low proficiency students are uncooperative. Findings expose that instruction significantly influence students’ science performance, and this impact is completely mediated by students’ learning initiatives. The relation between instruction and learning initiative is stronger in the female group. Textbooks can be useless in the context that instruction does not match students' learning ability.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50-66</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hye-Gyoung Yoon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mijung Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunkoog Jho</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence-based reasoning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence-based response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">idea-based response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific evidence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1633680841.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific evidence-based reasoning has been recognized as a form of reasoning that characterizes scientific thinking. This study questioned what scientific evidence means in the various types of scientific activities; that is, this study explored the nature of scientific evidence (NOSE). To do this, previous studies were examined to understand how scientific evidence was analyzed, evaluated, and utilized during the scientific activities of scientists or students in scientific or everyday situations. Through this process, seven statements were identified to describe the NOSE. This study explains these seven NOSE statements, constructs a process of scientific evidence-based reasoning as a structured form by reflecting these seven statements comprehensively, and discusses the practical implications for teaching science in schools. Finally, the limitations of this study are discussed, and possible directions for future studies are suggested. It is believed that the list of NOSE characteristics can provide a starting point for further elucidation and discussion of scientific evidence and helping students’ science learning in more authentic ways.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">840-856</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maxwell Jnr Opoku</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angela James</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEDAGOGICAL MODEL FOR DECOLONISING, INDIGENISING AND TRANSFORMING SCIENCE EDUCATION CURRICULA: A CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context sensitive curricula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pedagogical strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South African curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Western worldview</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2021/987-1611648867.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Africa, Science education curricula have been instrumental in promoting Western worldviews as being universal. An educational transformation and decolonisation of the school curriculum is required. A focus on an African worldview and an integration of the local context and community-based information is necessary for survival, i.e., Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS). While IKS is enshrined in the schooling curriculum, Educators experience challenges with implementing it, because the pedagogical strategies have not been clearly described. An in-depth qualitative study was conducted with the Indigenous Knowledge (IK) holders of the Zulu cultural group and Senior High School (SHS) Science teachers to explore how IK on environmental sustainability could be taught in South African science classrooms. The research employed an interpretivist, multi-site ethnographic, qualitative approach, and naturalistic research style. In-depth interviews were used to generate data from the purposively selected community persons. The thematically analysed findings were used to develop a culturally specific pedagogical model on how to teach IK in science classrooms: touring cultural places; demystifying indigenous practices and perception; utilizing indigenous pedagogies; teaching wisdom behind indigenous practices etc. The research recommends that future studies be conducted on applying the model in different geographical and cultural schooling contexts. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">93-107</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lukman Abdul Rauf Laliyo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julhim S. Tangio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bambang Sumintono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamad Jahja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Citra Panigoro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANALYTIC APPROACH OF RESPONSE PATTERN OF DIAGNOSTIC TEST ITEMS IN EVALUATING STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICLE OF MATTER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptual Understanding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">item response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">particle of matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasch model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602682876.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aimed to evaluate the students’ conceptual understanding and to diagnose the students’ preconceptions in elaborating the particle characteristics of matter by development of diagnostic instrument as well as Rasch model response pattern analysis approach. Data were acquired by 25 multiple-choice written test items distributed to 987 students in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Analysis on diagnostic test items response pattern was conducted in three steps: 1) conversion of raw score to a homogenous interval unit and effectiveness analysis of measurement instruments; 2) measurement of disparity of students’ conceptual understanding; and 3) diagnosis of students’ preconception by estimation of item response pattern. The result generated information on the diagnostic and summative measurement on students’ conceptual understanding in elaborating the topic; information also acts as empirical evidence on the measurement’s reliability and validity. Moreover, the result discovered a significant disparity between students’ conceptual understanding based on their educational level. It was found that the distractor item response pattern tended to be consistent, indicating a certain tendency of resistant preconception pattern. The findings are expected to be a recommendation for future researchers and educational practitioners that integrate diagnostic and summative measurement with Rasch model in evaluating conceptual understanding and diagnosing misconception. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">824-841</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David González-Gómez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin Su Jeong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florentina Cañada-Cañada</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF AN ONLINE FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT TOOL (OFAT) OF STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT FOR A UNIVERSITY SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adaptive assignment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formative assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching/learning methodologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1591087751.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Online formative assessment is still challenging although it is getting an increased attention as a significant tool for diagnosing and analysing students’ motivation and achievement in various education domains. This research examines the effects of an online formative assessment tool (OFAT) about science motivation and achievement in second-year students’ university education during four consecutive academic years, 2014 to 2018. A research on the basis of a randomized experimental design was conducted that assigned groups used an OFAT along with various assessments that students participated. A total of 311 students enrolled in the subject take part in the research, respectively 94, 89, 59 and 71 students. Particularly, the OFAT is offering feedback from students, feedback from lecturers and adaptive assignments. Here, data contained student motivation survey data, standardized achievement pre- and post-test data and students’ log records. The results of multiple tier analyses exposed positive effects about students’ motivation and achievement. Based on usage measurements, students’ intensity offers the positive effects about students’ motivation and achievement. Furthermore, along with overall students’ improved performance, the effects of high-performing students’ achievement were higher. Therefore, the results acquired meaningfully contribute to recover main drawbacks and difficulties of traditional science learning programs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">401-414</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olugbenga A. Ige</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loyiso C. Jita</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES OF SCIENCE TEACHERS IN RURAL LEARNING ECOLOGIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence portfolios</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">instructional practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">short learning intervention programme</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1602524800.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The outcomes of IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) conducted from 1995 to 2002 confirmed that there was no improvement in the learning outcomes of grade eight learners in Mathematics and Science. Additionally, the failure rate in Mathematics at the National Senior Certificate (NSC) Matriculation examination has increased from 2008 to 2018 in South African schools. It was consequent on this decline in performance that the South African National Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL) Chair in Science and Mathematics Education developed a short learning intervention programme for Mathematics teachers in South Africa in 2013 and 2014. This research reports post-intervention instructional practices of five teachers at Reitz who took part in the intervention programme. The teachers took part in the training workshops that were orgnised  for participants at the University of the Free State, implemented the knowledge acquired from the programme in their respective schools, and compiled an evidence portfolios of their post-intervention instructional practices. The portfolios of evidence submitted by the teachers were thus analysed to give voice and meaning to their post-intervention instructional practices and reflections. The analyses provide evidences of which aspects of their instructional delivery worked well while other aspects did not work well. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">780-803</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huanhuan Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanxia Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hualin Bi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELING TEACHING IN STUDY OF GALVANIC CELLS: UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL CONTEXT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">galvanic cells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Problem Solving</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proficiency level</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2020/987-1606764553.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Besides improving students' understanding of scientific concepts, chemistry teaching should also improve students' ability of applying concepts to solve problems. The research aims to explore the effects of modeling teaching on students’ proficiency in solving galvanic cell problems. This research used a quasi-experimental design, and the independent variable of the research was the teaching method. Forty-five students in the experimental class received modeling teaching, and 48 students in the control class received lecture-style teaching. The dependent variable was the performance level of the student's ability to solve the problem of the galvanic cell, which was evaluated using the galvanic cell proficiency assessment tool. The research results show that the students in the experimental class were significantly more proficient in solving galvanic cell problems than those in the control class. The results of unstructured interviews assisted in illustrating the role of modeling teaching in improving the proficiency of students in solving galvanic cell problems, and students in the experimental class had positive views on modeling teaching. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">972-988</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanda Janštová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVALUATION, VALIDATION AND MODIFICATION OF SCIENCE MOTIVATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology motivation questionnaire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">questionnaire modification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1571128182.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motivation to learn a school subject is crucial for achieving knowledge and skills and, consequently, for good academic performance in the subject. There are several approved questionnaires dedicated to assessing motivation for science and biology but none for upper secondary school Czech students. Therefore, existing Science Motivation Questionnaire was evaluated, validated and modified in order to create a Czech version of a Biology motivation questionnaire (BMQ). The original version of the questionnaire had 30 questions, arranged in the following subscales: Internal Motivation, External Motivation, Personal Relevance, Responsibility, Self-efficacy and Anxiety. Validation was based on a survey of 517 upper secondary school Czech students. Analysis of the questionnaires revealed that, although the questionnaire could be used as a whole with satisfactory Cronbach alpha values, the underlying constructs in the Czech version were different from the six ones originally suggested. Based on Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling, 14 questions retained in three constructs: a) Self–efficacy, b) Responsibility and c) Motivation as a combination of Internal Motivation, External Motivation and Personal Relevance. This shorter version of the BMQ showed satisfactory Goodness of Fit Indices in contrast to the original 30-item version.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">748-767</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin Su Jeong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David González-Gómez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. Carmen Conde-Núñez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINATION OF STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT WITH R-SPQ-2F OF LEARNING APPROACH IN FLIPPED SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engagement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flipped-classroom</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R-SPQ-2F</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">study approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226058.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The students’ engagement was deemed significant to research due to the changing study structures from course-based to student-centered and competence-based in sustainable science higher education. Still, its change and coping strategies is considered as somewhat unfamiliar learning environment. Research examined students’ engagement to the learning approach of a flipped-classroom model for sustainable science course with the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F). It assesses research proposals, which students are utilizing to learning, and engagement and individual abilities as well. The research was conducted with the students enrolled in the “Atmospheric Pollution” course of the Environmental Science undergraduate program (n=64). The results obtained through the R-SPQ-2F showed the students’ number reaching higher “deep approach” in their learning increased at the course end, while it can be observed that the students’ number marking “surface approach” below the mean value was slightly lower (pre- and post-test comparison). It can be concluded that students are employing more engagement in their works and enhancing their personal skills as well with the teaching methodology. Results obviously specified that the study structure change was a phase into correct emphasis to improve students’ engagement in the flipped sustainable science education. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">880-891</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elizabeth Darko Agyei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thuthukile Jita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loyiso C. Jita</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXAMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SIMULATION-BASED LESSONS IN IMPROVING THE TEACHING OF HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS: GHANAIAN PRE SERVICE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high school physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interactive teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulation-based lessons</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576224886.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teacher-dominated approach is still the most adopted teaching strategy in Ghanaian high schools despite the Government of Ghana’s initiatives to support technology-oriented, learner-centred and interactive teaching practices. This study examined the effectiveness of simulation-based lessons in improving the teaching of high school physics by adapting the five dimensions for meaningful learning with information and communication technology model by Howland, Jonassen and Marra (2012) as a theoretical lens. Using an explanatory case study design, eight pre-service physics teachers from the University of Cape Coast, Ghana were engaged to develop and design simulation-based physics lessons in design teams and enact these lessons among themselves in microteaching sessions. Results showed that the simulation-based lessons were effective in that the pre-service teachers’ teaching practices improved to be learner-centred and interactive. The results also suggested that although a combination of all the dimensions of meaningful learning was key to the effectiveness observed with each of the simulation-based lessons, the Cooperative dimension was found to possess a unique potential for sustaining the other dimensions in order to facilitate improvements in the teaching of physics with simulations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">816-832</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markóczi Revák, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erzsébet Jász</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enikő Kovács</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Károly Teperics</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Judit Ütő Visi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">János Máth</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SOME OF ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">project work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">renewable energy knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school curriculum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theme work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">word association</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2019/987-1576226295.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaping attitude related to renewable energy resources is the task of the entire society and in the case of students of different ages it is realized via education in and outside schools. This research concerns the analysis of the knowledge of students related to renewable energy resources, exploring the differences in the case of students in different grades and also the identification of correlations between the knowledge for renewable energy and some of its influencing factors. The research was carried out in spring 2018 with 4th (N=466) and 7th (N=529) graders in primary school and also with 11th graders (N=328) in secondary school in Hungary. Association and selection tasks applied in the research were related to knowledge of renewable energy resources and three questions concerned influencing factors. Assessment was performed based on the word association test. Results indicate poor and less stable knowledge in the case of every grade. The knowledge structure of the grades is similar, solar, water and wind are the most well-known renewable energy resources. Regarding knowledge, the type of the settlement of residence, education level of parents, school curriculum, textbook, theme weeks, project work, media and internet were important among influencing factors. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">924-942</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tri Jalmo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tri Suwandi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOLOGY EDUCATION STUDENTS’ MENTAL MODELS ON GENETIC CONCEPTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drawing-writing test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic concepts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Models</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529509132.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aims to explore the concept of mental model of students about genetic concepts through drawing-writing test. The participants were 85 students of Biology Education at University of Lampung, which has taken genetics course. Mental model of students was categorized into five levels (levels 1-5) based on coding framework which was adapted from Kose (2008) and Saka et al. (2006).  The results showed that the most dominant mental models found in each concept through drawing-writing test (D/W) respectively were D3/W3 (drawings with misconceptions/partial understanding with alternative conceptions) on the concept of &quot;genetic materials&quot;, D2/W2 (non-representational drawings/alternative conceptions) on the concept of &quot;heredity&quot;, D2/W3 (non-representational drawings/partial understanding with alternative conceptions) on the concept of &quot;gene expression&quot;, D2/W3 (non-representational drawings/partial understanding with alternative conceptions) on the concept of &quot;gene regulation in metabolic processes&quot;, and D1/W2 (no understanding/alternative conception) on the concept of &quot;gene regulation of the growth and development of an organisms&quot;. The results indicated that drawing-writing test can be used in probing the learning difficulties and misconseption on genetics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">474-485</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binar Kurnia Prahani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Munasir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Z.A. Imam Supardi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iwan Wicaksono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nia Erlina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paken Pandiangan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosyid Althaf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zainuddin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE COMPARISON OF OR-IPA TEACHING MODEL AND PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL EFFECTIVENESS TO IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF PRE-SERVICE PHYSICS TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">and PBL model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basic physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical thinking skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OR-IPA model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service physics teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1523527582.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical thinking skills are one of the 21st century skills that are effectively trained by using the OR-IPA and Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model, therefore this research aims to compare the effectiveness of both. Research design used True Experiment with Randomized Subject Control-group Pre-test and Post-test with 94 pre-service physics teachers. Data collected using the critical thinking skills test and the student response sheet, and then analyzed using t-test and N-gain. The results showed: (1) the teaching instruments of OR-IPA and PBL Model have fulfilled the validity requirements (rα ~ .26) and reliability (α = .96 - .99). (2) Each of OR-IPA, PBL, and Conventional Model can significantly increase critical thinking skills at α = 5%, respectively with average N-gain: medium (.60), medium (.48), and low (.14); with the student response of: very positive, very positive, and less positive. (3) The OR-IPA and PBL Model are effective to improve critical thinking skills, while the Conventional Model is ineffective, and the OR-IPA Model is more effective compared to the PBL Model. Implication of this research is that the OR-IPA Model can be an innovative solution to improve critical thinking skills, but there is still a need for repetitive research like this.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300-319</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suyidno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamad Nur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leny Yuanita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binar Kurnia Prahani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTIVENESS OF CREATIVE RESPONSIBILITY BASED TEACHING (CRBT) MODEL ON BASIC PHYSICS LEARNING TO INCREASE STUDENT’S SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY AND RESPONSIBILITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">creative responsibility based teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">first year students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">responsibility attitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519060300.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Creative Responsibility Based Teaching (CRBT) model is an innovative physics-teaching model designed to enhance students’ scientific creativity and responsibility. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the effectiveness of CRBT model to improve scientific creativity and first year students’ responsibility on Basic Physics learning in academic year 2016/2017. This research used one group pre-test and post-test design on 144 students divided into 4 groups at University of Lambung Mangkurat, South Kalimantan (Indonesia). The data collection methods were conducted by using: scientific creativity tests emphasized on unusual uses indicator, problem finding, product improvement, creatively science problem solving, creatively experiment designing, and creatively product design; questionnaire of responsibility emphasized on: participatory indicator, respecting others, cooperation, leadership, and delivering opinion; and interviews. The data analysis technique was done by using paired t-test / Wilcoxon test, n-gain, and ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that there was a significant increase in students’ scientific creativity and responsibility at α = 5%, with n-gain average of moderate category, and both were not different (consistent) for all four groups. Thus, the CRBT model is effective for enhancing students’ scientific creativity and responsibility.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">136-151</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagnija Cēdere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inese Jurgena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilija Targamadze</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEREST OF LATVIAN AND LITHUANIAN STUDENTS IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and mathematics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching/learning process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1519059864.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interest is one of the most important components for a successful teaching/learning process; unfortunately, nowadays students’ interest in science and mathematics is decreasing. The aim of the research is to explore the cognitive interest of 15-year- old students in science and mathematics. Students in Latvia and Lithuania participated in the survey; the data show that students’ cognitive interest in this area in both countries is mediocre. The factor analysis was used to single out four main dimensions of the cognitive interest – interest in the context, interest in mathematics, inquiry interest and enthusiasm. Students’ interest is higher in issues connected with practical life, the solution of real problems, but much lower if the problem to be solved needs effort, if they have to use mathematical tools. Enthusiasm is not characteristic for students. Only few respondents are willing to engage in science and mathematics in their leisure time. Latvian and Lithuanian students show slight differences in their interests. There are more Lithuanian students, who like mathematics and who are not afraid of difficulties. Latvian students, in their turn, show greater enthusiasm. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31-42</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joko Siswanto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endang Susantini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRACTICALITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IBMR TEACHING MODEL TO IMPROVE PHYSICS PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bachelor programs’ students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IBMR teaching model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model effectiveness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model practicality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics problem solving skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1529508735.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The design of a teaching model must qualify to be applicable or practical and effective, therefore the research aimed to analyze the practicality and effectiveness of the IBMR (Investigation-Based Multiple Representation) teaching model in improving physics problems solving skills of bachelor programs’ students. The research was conducted by applying the one-group pre-test and post-test pre-experimental design to 186 students of study program of physics education, mathematics education, and mechanical engineering. The practicality of the model is assessed using an observation sheet and the effectiveness is determined based on pre-test and post-test physics problem solving skills. The collected data were analyzed using the calculation of average scores of the feasibility of each phase of the IBMR, t-test, and n-gain. The results show that each phase of the IBMR teaching model can be implemented by a lecturer with good and reliable categories, and relevant student activities, so that the IBMR teaching model is practicality qualified. It is also effective shown by: there are increasing score of physics problem solving skills at  = 5%, average n-gain with moderate categorized and not different or consistent for each pair of groups, and good-categorized students’ responses on each component of teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">381-394</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zulkarnaen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Z.A. Imam Supardi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEASIBILITY OF CREATIVE EXPLORATION, CREATIVE ELABORATION, CREATIVE MODELING, PRACTICE SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY, DISCUSSION, REFLECTION (C3PDR) TEACHING MODEL TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C3PDR teaching model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feasible</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">junior high school</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific creativity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1513971535.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Creative exploration, Creative elaboration, Creative modeling, Practice scientific creativity, Discussion and Reflection (C3PDR) teaching model is a model specifically developed to improve the students’ scientific creativity of junior high school. This research is aimed to analyze the feasibility of C3PDR model in improving the students’ science creativity. The teaching model is considered feasible if it meets the criteria: valid, practical and effective. Ninety-six of the eighth-grade students in Samarinda, Indonesia who attended the science subjects participated in the research during the odd semester in academic year 2015/2016. Its validation was performed by three science education experts through focus group discussions and using validation sheets. The practicality of the model was assessed by 4 teachers using the observation sheets and the effectiveness of the model was determined based on the pre-test post-test of scientific creativity. Scientific creativity measured using Scientific Creativity Structure Model (SCSM) test. The results showed that this model has the content and construct validity in very valid category, practical, and effective with the statistic percentage of agreement R &gt; 85% and n-gain values = .42, and p &lt; .05. Thus, the C3PDR teaching model is feasible to improve the student’s scientific creativity of junior high school.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1020-1034</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paken Pandiangan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I Gusti Made Sanjaya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE VALIDITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICS INDEPENDENT LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE PHYSICS PROBLEM SOLVING AND SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION SYSTEMS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electricity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">magnetism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model effectiveness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model validity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physics problem-solving skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PIL model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-directed learning skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1509213674.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Physics Independent Learning (PIL) model is an authentic problem-based model designed teaching guide for improving self-directed learning and problem-solving skills in open and distance education. This research is aimed to analyze the validity and effectiveness of PIL model. This research was conducted using focus group discussions of experts that consisted of three science education experts and applies quasi-experiment of one group pre-test and post-test design to 144 students in East Java, Indonesia. Before applying the lesson using the PIL model, the students are given pre-test and after accomplishing the learning, the students are given post-test. The data collected from pre-test and post-test then is further analyzed by means of validity coefficient (rα), Cronbach’s alpha (α), pair t-test, n-gain and ANOVA. The result of research shows that rα = .75 and α = .92 is for content validity; rα = .79 and   α = .99 is for construct validity, so that PIL model is validity and reliability qualified. In addition, there are increasing scores of physics problem solving skills and self-directed learning skills of α = 5% with moderate category of n-gain consistent in a limited trial test and of high category in a broader trial test for all groups.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">651-665</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jing Ping Jong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE EFFECT OF A BLENDED COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN A SMALL PRIVATE ONLINE COURSE (SPOC): A COMPARISON WITH A LECTURE COURSE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interactive learning environments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model-based Instruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small private online course</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stoichiometry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481916971.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explored the effect of blended learning in terms of model-based collaborative learning in a small private online course (SPOC) environment on 10th graders’ achievements in stoichiometry through a quasi-experimental design. The participants included 140 tenth graders assigned to two groups: (a) the experimental group, which studied in a blended environment (N = 69) and (b) the control group, which studied in a conventional lecture-based environment (N = 71). The results revealed that the experimental group exhibited significantly superior performance than the control group after the intervention and that the key factor in enhancing students learning is the teacher’s facilitation. These findings implied that the blended model-based collaborative learning in a SPOC environment with proper design, facilitation, and face-to-face interaction groups provided students with opportunities to engage in learning to improve their achievements.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">194–203 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Jatmiko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wahono Widodo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammad Budiyanto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iwan Wicaksono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paken Pandiangan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INQF-BASED LEARNING ON A GENERAL PHYSICS FOR IMPROVING STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOMES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INQF-based learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student’s learning outcomes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482423739.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research aims to analyse effectiveness of the Indonesian National Qualification Framework (INQF)-based learning on General Physics to increase the sixth level student’s Learning Outcomes (LOs) according to the INQF indicators and student’s skills in using physics laboratory equipment. This research was conducted using two groups of students that consisted of 29 and 30 students. A preliminary test (pre-test) and a post-test were applied to the groups that assumed to have the same level of knowledge and skills. The data were analysed using the paired t-test, the n-gain, and the ANOVA. The results show that the INQF-based learning applied to the General Physics effective in increasing the student’s LOs according to the INQF indicators. Moreover, the n-gain scores between the pre-test and the post-test can be categorized as moderate for the sixth level student’s LOs and categorized as high for the student’s skills in using the physics laboratory equipment. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">441–451</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuzana Ješková</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanislav Lukáč</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martina Hančová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ľubomír Šnajder</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ján Guniš</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brigita Balogová</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marián Kireš</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFICACY OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING IN MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND INFORMATICS IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS´ INQUIRY SKILLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry skills assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inquiry-based science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">test of inquiry skills</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482502031.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current initiatives at European level urge more emphasis on the implementation of inquiry-based science education (IBSE). Although there are existing studies on the effect of IBSE on understanding science, fewer attempts have been made regarding the development of various inquiry skills. In this research, a model of consistent implementation of inquiry activities across the three subjects of mathematics, physics and informatics was developed and its efficacy with regard to selected inquiry skills development was examined. In order to evaluate the efficacy, a test assessing the level of inquiry skills development was designed. This test was taken by 300 high school students both before and after experimental teaching. In between students were exposed to coherent and intentional multidisciplinary inquiry-based learning within a period of approx. four months. The results showed a statistically significant increase on test scores that is gender independent, however the class specialization played a significant role. The results indicate that the designed model of coactive IBSE implementation is efficacious for inquiry skills development and therefore applicable in school practice.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">559–574</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeinab Jahangard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asghar Soltani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merhangiz Alinejad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METACOGNITION AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE OF SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS THROUGH A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes towards science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metacognition strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">senior secondary students</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural Equation Modeling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482422523.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitudes towards science is an important construct of science learning which has been affected by many factors. The main purpose of this research was to investigate whether the metacognition strategies predict students’ attitudes towards science. Accordingly, a total of 347 senior secondary students were asked to complete a questionnaire about their metacognition strategies and attitudes towards science. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the validity of a structural/latent variable model. Findings revealed several direct and indirect effects among the factors under investigation. Of special importance, metacognition strategies positively predicted attractiveness of science (science is fun), class/teacher activities and family model as variables of students’ attitudes towards science. Attractiveness of science was also found to have effects on the science anxiety and family model was found to have effects on class/teacher activities. One important finding was that metacognition strategies could decrease students’ science anxiety. According to this information, it is recommended that science educators encourage students to employ metacognition strategies in science that may lead to more positive students’ attitudes towards science. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">340-349</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngmin Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongseok Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin-Su Jeong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young-Shin Park</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KOREAN SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND ACTUAL USAGE OF EDUCATIONAL THEORIES/TEACHING STRATEGIES IN THEIR TEACHING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary science teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">theory-practice gap</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482423597.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many researchers have reported that there is a significant gap between theory and practice in education. This research sought to contribute to this work by examining the theory/practice gap in secondary school science teaching in South Korea. To do this, a questionnaire was developed to investigate the gap between Korean science teachers’ knowledge about Educational Theories and Teaching Strategies (ETTS) and the usage of it in their science classroom. The questionnaire was administered to 87 science teachers and results showed that even though participants were knowledgeable about many ETTS, only 26% of the teachers reported using it in their teaching. Major reasons reported for this gap in theory and practice were restrictive educational environments that did not support the use of ETTS, irrelevancy and difficulties of ETTS, and students' low interest in learning science. However, teachers’ perception of the importance of ETTS positively affected their usage of ETTS. Implications of the results are discussed, and alternative in-service training program is suggested to activate science teachers’ ETTS what they already know and to guide them to use ETTS in their actual science teaching.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">411–423</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agustín Pozo Tamayo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lina Viviana Melo Niño</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Javier Cubero Juánez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANALYSIS AND INTERVENTION OF STUDENT KNOWLEDGE OF NUTRITION AND SEXUALITY AT A PENAL INSTITUTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutritional education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">penal institution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous Knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sexual education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479498372.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studies related to the habits of students of Nutrition and Sexuality show the existence of inaccurate knowledge that leads them to adopting unhealthy lifestyles. The team of teachers at a Penal Institution in Spain diagnosed this aforementioned lifestyle was becoming a reality in their students aged between 18 and 47. The aim of this research was to analyse and improve the Nutritional and Sexual knowledge of these students. The students’ level of knowledge was detected through a pre-test and post-test that were quantitatively designed and analysed according to four variables (studies, gender, age and body mass index). In order to improve their knowledge, an educational intervention was conducted and was quantitatively and qualitatively analysed according to six categories: change or improvement in sexual knowledge, change or improvement in nutritional knowledge, affective factors, the learning process, evaluation and methodology. The results show conceptual differences according to the four variables and that the intervention contributes to a conceptual change or improvement thanks to the activities and resources used. The implication of this research is to reveal the importance of analysing students’ knowledge so as to improve the quality of the teaching/learning process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">513–523</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagnija Cēdere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inese Jurgena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ineta Helmane</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inta Tiltiņa-Kapele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunita Praulīte</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COGNITIVE INTEREST: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IN THE ACQUISITION OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS IN SCHOOLS OF LATVIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive interest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and mathematics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1479497805.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognitive interest is a vital learning motive for the successful learning process. Nowadays students’ interest about science and mathematics are decreasing. The aim of the study is to explore the cognitive interest of Grade 9 students in science and mathematics. Students were surveyed and it helped to explore the respondents’ cognitive activity and the cognitive interest regarding the understanding of causal relations, research activity and the solution of practical problems. The level of cognitive interests on the three level scales is average for the whole sample of respondents. The survey shows that students do not possess explicit cognitive activity; learning happens rather passively, without initiative; however, they have rather pronounced interest to explore and solve problems connected with the real life. Some implications for teachers on how to increase learners’ cognitive interest are provided in the conclusion. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">424–434</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngmin Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young-Shin Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongseok Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin-Su Jeong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE PRACTICAL ON-SITE COOPERATION MODEL (POCoM) FOR IMPROVING SCIENCE TEACHING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cooperative model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service teacher</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observational protocol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908155.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aimed to improve science teaching in a practical way by activating teachers’ potential teaching expertise or professional knowledge. We developed an alternative in-service approach, the Practical On-site Cooperation Model (POCoM), according to the following principles: (1) the “bottom-up” approach, where observed problems in science classes are improved practically and immediately without any pre-determined teaching plan or materials; (2) “cooperation” between researchers and teachers to improve teaching; (3) “naturalistic settings” where various real problems occur in actual teaching and learning situations; and (4) “gradual improvement” rather than revolutionary change. The POCoM was applied with three science teachers, and 24 classes were observed. We found about 65%–96% teaching improvement. The analysis of the cooperation processes and science teaching in classrooms identified seven types of successful improvements and five types of unsatisfactory cases, including their reasons and features. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45-63</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marjanca Kos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janez Jerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBSERVING NATURAL OBJECTS: CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOWERING PLANTS PERCEIVED AS IMPORTANT BY 5- AND 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observation skills</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant characteristics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preschool children</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1462908340.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research examined the ways in which children observe flowering plants, namely: which features they perceive as significant, whether the skill of observing flowering plants develops with age, and what is the difference between genders. The research involved 174 children: 89 children aged 5 and 85 children aged 10 who were given the task of choosing the plant they recognised as the same as each of the 10 given test plants among a total of 37 plants which looked more or less similar to the test plants. The analysis of the plant combinations the children most frequently mismatched showed, that colour is the feature to which they attribute the most importance. Shape turned out to be considered more important to the children than size. Older children revealed better plant observation skills than younger ones with the girls achieving better results than the boys in both age groups. The findings show that children's observation skills develop with age, and corroborate the need to support the development of observation in the educational process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109-120</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongwon Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young-Shin Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Youngmin Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongseok Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin-Su Jeong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KOREAN TEACHING OBSERVATION PROTOCOL (KTOP) FOR IMPROVING SCIENCE TEACHING AND LEARNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analysis of science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">improving science teaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observational instrument</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437063408.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An observational instrument called the KTOP (Korean Teaching Observation Protocol) was developed to analyze science teaching and to identify the components of teaching that need improvement. To diminish the gap between theory and practice in science teaching, the method for developing the KTOP was structured as consisting of three steps: the first version of the KTOP was developed through direct observation of science classes at the first step, revised through literature review with consideration of the Korean national curriculum and comparison with other observational instruments in the second step, and finalized after application to actual teaching context. As a result, the KTOP was determined to consist of 30 items of 10 sub-categories in 4 main categories. The content was validated through 48 teachers’ responses to the questions asking if each indicator of the KTOP is worthwhile to be considered in their teaching. Reliability was obtained by agreement (72~90%) and correlation (r=0.90) among observers’ KTOP scores. Finally, the cases of applying the KTOP to improve science classes and to develop teachers’ expertise through an in-service program were described.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">259-275</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryszard M. Janiuk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OWNERSHIP AMONG SCIENCE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational reforms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sense of ownership</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1437061913.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education is continuously changing in terms of goals, curricula and teaching methods. Such changes stem from major educational reforms and the development of new theoretical concepts related to science teaching. It has been long emphasised that the implementation of these changes in schools depends on the teachers, who need to identify with and support the innovations which are to be introduced, and to feel that change is necessary. An active involvement of teachers in the process of designing, developing and implementing innovation is one of the indicators of a sense of &quot;ownership&quot;, which in this case can be understood as identifying with the innovation, feeling as if one is its owner. This psychological state can be achieved thanks to teachers’ investment in the innovation, and has the potential to reduce resistance and create a better climate for change. Ownership can have a considerable impact on teachers' involvement in further changes, if they notice that innovation has a positive influence on the effects of their work. Ownership also has a beneficial impact on their working environment, motivating other teachers to implement the desired change and thus helping spread the change throughout the teacher community. That is why teachers' ownership is often discussed together with sensemaking and agency, which influence teachers' attitude towards innovation. The issue of developing a sense of ownership is not limited to teachers, as in today's world many professions require constant adjustment to change, and personal involvement in introducing innovation is often necessary for being efficient and successful at work. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesper Haglund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredrik Jeppsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johanna Andersson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN’S IDEAS OF MIXING AND OF HEAT AS EXPRESSED IN A CLASSROOM SETTING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children’s ideas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">classroom setting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary school</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1450981715.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study investigates primary school children’s (7-8 year-old, N = 25) ideas of mixing of marbles and of heat, expressed in small-group predict-observe-explain exercises, and drawings representing the children’s own analogies in a classroom setting. The children were typically found to predict that marbles of two different colours would mix when rocked back and forth on a board. This idea of mixing is slightly more advanced than previously reported in the literature. The children’s ideas of heat included reference to warm objects, their own bodies when exercising, and the process of one warm solid object heating another object in direct contact. In addition, through scaffolding, some of the children expressed a substance view of heat. Finally, the potential and challenges in probing children’s ideas through a combination of data collection techniques in a classroom setting are reflected upon.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">726–739 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryszard M. Janiuk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USEFULNESS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL LEARNING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formal education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">out-of-school learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2015/987-1425758324.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Out-of-school learning has been playing an increasingly important role in science education. It can be implemented in various ways and encompasses learning activities that take place outside normal lessons reserved for compulsory education. This form of education is typically not coordinated by the school itself and young people take part in it voluntarily. It resembles “outdoor education”, which is, however, more closely linked with meeting aims stemming from formal education. Since the learning activities used in both forms of education are similar, very often solutions and experiences in one form are transferred to the other.
One of the many advantages of out-of-school learning is the fact that is helps increase students’ interest in education by creating extra learning opportunities in the real world. It also makes it possible to discover gifted pupils and develop their talents. However, there is a major issue that needs to be investigated, which is how out-of-school learning influence students’ future actions and decisions concerning science education, bearing in mind that this form of education cannot replace formal education and can only support it. That is why scholars are conducting research with the aim of determining the impact of out-of-school activities on improving the learning of science, especially on outcomes such as achievement, interest in science, careers in science, self-efficacy, perseverance, and effort in learning science (Tran, 2011).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128-129</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petar Jandric</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE DIFFUSIONIST-EVOLUTIONIST MODEL OF E-LEARNING DEVELOPMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diffusion of innovations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diffusionism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-learning development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evolutionism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transdisciplinary research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419166989.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper explores development of the discipline of e-learning. It develops the evolutionist model of e-learning development and compares it with the diffusionist model of e-learning development. Using transdisciplinary research methodology, it develops the diffusionist-evolutionist model of e-learning development. The diffusionist aspect of the model concentrates to practical issues such as introducing e-learning into educational institutions. The evolutionist aspect of the model concentrates to theoretical issues such as comparative studies of historical developments. On such basis, the diffusionist-evolutionist model provides a single practical framework for describing small-scale and large-scale e-learning development. Following methodological restrictions, the diffusionist-evolutionist model does not reflect any natural principle. As a research principle, it only aims at improving our current descriptions of e-learning development.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67-77 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reijo Byman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalle Juuti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veijo Meisalo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATIONS IN PHYSICS LEARNING: A SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY APPROACH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivational orientations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multilevel confirmatory factor analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-determination theory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1419169253.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The first objective of the present study was to test the factorial validity of the inventory designed to measure students’ motivation to study physics in school. Based on self-determination theory (SDT), it was hypothesised that the four factors of External Regulation, Introjected Regulation, Identified Regulation and Intrinsic Motivation account for the covariances among the items of the inventory. It was also expected that gender moderates the factorial validity of the inventory. A sample of 3626 Finnish comprehensive school students was used. A multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MLCFA) was used to investigate the fit of the hypothesised four-factor model. The second objective of the present study was to investigate different educational correlates of the four motivation factors. Girls had a statistically higher mean score than did boys for all four factors. Otherwise only minor gender differences were found. Implications for physics teaching are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379-392 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrej Šorgo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana Ambrožič Dolinšek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iztok Tomažič</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franc Janžekovič</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EMOTIONS EXPRESSED TOWARD GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AND PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetically modified organisms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-service teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary school students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405173429.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active student-centered instructional methods bring more emotion into science teaching, especially in the case of socioscientific issues, like research on and usage of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). We tested the strength of ten basic emotions (fear, anger, joy, disgust, sadness, shame, contempt, guilt, surprise and interest) toward different GMOs. Students expressed high levels of interest, surprise and joy towards GMOs, emotions that could be used as possible motivators to raise the level of interest in Science. Students do not express an equal level of negative emotions toward GMOs as a general category, but take a standpoint towards each item or practice separately. Knowing this, the teacher can choose list of GMOs ranked from more acceptable to the least acceptable GMOs, to avoid any obstruction of reasoning toward GMOs based on strong negative emotions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53-64 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredrik Jeppsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesper Haglund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helge Strömdahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPLOITING LANGUAGE IN TEACHING OF ENTROPY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">entropy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metaphor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermodynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405173307.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The words disorder, information, freedom and spreading are used as metaphors and analogies in science teaching to capture the scientific qualitative sense of entropy. In addition, the identification of entropy with the everyday conception of heat has been proposed. While physical sciences are regarded as exact disciplines, in which terms have precise definitions, the words being used in the qualitative interpretation of entropy have many senses. This may provide an obstacle to achieving a scientific understanding of entropy. In this study, the metaphors for entropy and seeing entropy as heat were analysed by use of the different entries for the words in a dictionary. The present paper is a contribution to highlighting the importance of making any metaphors and analogies and their benefits and limitations explicit.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-35</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredrik Jeppsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helge Strömdahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPREHENSION OF TEMPERATURE WHEN SOLVING A THERMODYNAMIC TASK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">qualitative analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semantics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172088.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present study focus the presence and role of deep qualitative conceptual knowledge of temperature among a group of ten individuals (n=10), academic well-educated and experienced in science, when solving a task about changes in temperature of a given thermo¬dynamic system. The aim is to find out the variation of comprehension of tempera¬ture in the task solving process. 
Data is gathered by interviews based on the thinking aloud method. The inter¬views were video-recorded and verbatim transcribed. Transcriptions were analysed by using a two dimensional semiotic/semantic analysing schema (acronym 2-D SAS). The results revealed a broad variation in the comprehension of the term temperature in the given context. The three informants who produced correct answers structured the task by identifying the scientifically appropriate referent and sense of the term temperature according to the given context.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">224-236 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davi Fouad Soubihia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walter Leal Filho</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GREEN MANAGEMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SMALL BUSINESS IN BRAZIL: IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education for sustainable development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental training</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405172911.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents the results of a study on the analysis of training needs regarding environmental (green) management and climate change topics in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Brazil and its implications on education for sustainable development. It reports on an e-mail survey of Brazilian small enterprises, whose results indicate that they are indeed interested in environmental management and climate change topics in an education for sustainable development context. The study indicates that proposals for courses on environmental management and climate change should follow a systemic perspective and take sustainable development into account. By applying factor analysis, it was found that the topics of interest can be grouped into thematic modules, which can be useful in the design of training courses for the top management leaders of those companies.
The study indicates that proposals for courses on environmental management and climate change should follow a systemic perspective and take sustainable development into account. By applying factor analysis, it was found that the topics of interest can be grouped into thematic modules, which can be useful in the design of training courses for the top management leaders of those companies. There is a special interest in topics about “development of green products” and “Influence of environmental management and climate change on businesses. Thus, education for sustainable development must consider small enterprises.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">324-333 </style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linda Fuselier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Kasi Jackson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERCEPTIONS OF COLLABORATION, EQUITY AND VALUES IN SCIENCE AMONG FEMALE AND MALE COLLEGE STUDENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multidisciplinary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Undergraduate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1405171377.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversification of the science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) workforce requires a climate supportive of underrepresented groups. We studied undergraduate student attitudes to uncover perceptions that may be addressed through targeted pedagogies. We surveyed undergraduate students pursuing science and humanities programs to quantify their attitudes toward gender equity, the importance of values, the perceived contribution of competition and collaboration to science, and to examine their understanding of multidisciplinary collaborations in science. Women more strongly supported gender equity, were more likely to recognize women’s contributions, and had a more positive view of female scientists’ lives. Women perceived science as more collaborative, identified a broader range of disciplines, including social sciences and humanities, to include, and viewed collaboration as working directly with others rather than using published work. We relate our results to the need for gender-sensitive pedagogies and other changes in the college science curriculum.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109-118</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mika Huuhtanen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jenni Ylä-Mella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eila Jeronen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riitta L. Keiski</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A NOVEL APPROACH FOR UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCHER EDUCATION IN ENGINEERING STUDIES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance learning environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engineering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">researcher education course</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">undergraduate students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404720206.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The researcher education course for undergraduate engineering students has been developed in the Department of Process and Environmental Engineering at the University of Oulu. The course familiarizes students to research and researcher’s work and aims to encourage them toward a research career. The approach of the course is unique in the field of engineering education in Finland. In this paper, the establishment of the course is discussed in the light changing targets and requirements of higher engineering education. Further, the course development from contact lecturing toward distance education is described. Finally, the possibility to use new and more versatile learning methods together with the traditional lecturing methods is considered based on the feedback given by the students.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185-192</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reijo Byman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veijo Meisalo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalle Juuti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Uitto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDENTS’ MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATIONS AND CAREER CHOICE IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION IN FINLAND AND LATVIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">career choice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparative study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science and technology education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404719696.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper examines lower secondary school students’ motivational orientations on the characteristics of science and technology occupations. The survey data of 9th grade students were collected in spring 2003, in Finland from 75 schools (3626 students) and in Latvia from 39 schools (1065 students). An exploratory factor analysis was used to describe the students’ orientations towards the characteristics of or activities typical to occupations. The multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used for the simultaneous analysis of Finnish and Latvian data and the factorial invariance across the two separate data was confirmed. The factors were named: Personally meaningful, Leadership, Craft, Nature, Innovation, and Social orientation. Characteristics related especially to Personally meaningful orientation, and also to Innovation and Social orientations appeared most important for choice of future occupations. Boys, on the average, were much more oriented towards conventional technology than girls, whereas girls had much stronger Personally meaningful, Nature, and Social orientations than boys reflecting traditional role models. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86-102</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Jonsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Gustafsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margareta Enghag</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTEXT RICH PROBLEMS AS AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL IN PHYSICS TEACHING – A CASE STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context rich problems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cooperative groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university physics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404288026.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a case study, in which we used context rich problems as an educational tool in a university level physics course. The students worked in groups of three to four when solving these problems, which provided them with an opportunity to discuss physics together at their own level. Video recordings of groups working with the problems allowed us to study how different groups functioned and also to look for what is known as exploratory talks. This form of communication was interpreted as situational interest on the part of the students. A questionnaire at the end of the course, and interviews with a few of the students after the course, revealed that the students considered that context rich problems facilitated understanding of physical concepts and made physics more interesting..</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26-34</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Onno De Jong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRENDS IN WESTERN SCIENCE CURRICULA AND SCIENCE EDUCATION RESEARCH: A BIRD’S EYE VIEW</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational theories</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research topics and methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science curriculum innovations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science teacher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trends</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404286727.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present article starts with a concise report of three important waves of innovation in Western science education, one in the 1960s, one in the 1980s, and one in the 2000s. The background of each wave is concisely explicated in terms of dissatisfaction with the foregoing curriculum and the rise of new general theories on teaching and learning. The reported innovations have influenced the agenda of research in science education in the Western world. In the second part of the article, the main trends in topics and methods of this research are reported. Finally, some main trends in science teacher education are concisely addressed. 
        The present overview indicates a number of important developments in science curricula and research in science education. In the last 50 years, a growing interest in research topics related to students and their learning and teachers and their teaching can be indicated. Recently, an important upcoming research topic is focused on the development of science teachers’ knowledge base (cf. De Jong, Veal &amp; Van Driel, 2002). Trends in science curricula and courses will come and go, and ‘hot topics’ in science education research will rise and fall. So far, so good. However, in my opinion, it is time to pay much more attention to an old issue: the relationship between science education research and science teaching practice. In the last half century, this relationship has been problematic. Several attempts have been made to improve this relationship, for instance, by publishing a growing number of books that would inform and support the practice of science teaching (see e.g. De Jong, Kortland, Waarlo &amp; Buddingh’, 1999; Monk &amp; Osborne, 2000). Nevertheless, for many years, researchers have also pointed out the poor effects of their efforts; for example, they complain that the outcomes of research often do not find their ways into the practice of teaching of science (Shymansky &amp; Kyle, 1992). On the other hand, practising science teachers consider personal experiences, common sense, and official documents as much more important sources of their professional knowledge than results of research (Costa, Marques &amp; Kempa, 2000). In conclusion, one of the biggest challenges of the near future of science education is to bridge the gap between science education research outcomes and science teaching practices in the classroom. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-22</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janis Gedrovics</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvar Wäreborn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eila Jeronen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCE SUBJECTS CHOICE AS A CRITERION OF STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TO SCIENCE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitude to science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural subjects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">survey</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2014/987-1404214474.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The attitudes of lower and upper secondary school students (the 9-11th forms, aged 15-17, boys and girls separately) toward natural sciences were investigated by using an inquiry method in Sweden, Finland and Latvia during 1998-2005. Results of this study show, that positive attitudes have decreased from 1998 to 2005 at the 9th form both in Latvia and in Sweden. In Finland, an increase among boys, who recognize subjects of the natural circle (except for General Science) as necessary, was observed. The number of positive answers of the Finnish girls was, however, in 2005 much smaller than in 1998. 
In a special investigation in Latvia was shown, that generally the least interest in the Natural subjects is observed among the 11th formers. 
The findings of this study indicate increased quantity of the respondents denying the importance of natural sciences as a whole, as well as overt difference between boys and girls in estimations of the importance of natural sciences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74-85</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lolita Jonāne</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FINDING POSSIBILITIES TO IMPROVE SCIENCE EDUCATION    IN HIGH SCHOOL AND GYMNASIUM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constructive approach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scientific literacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teaching-learning strategies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049981.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific knowledge, skills and attitudes are cultural products of great intellectual power and beauty. The future of science education and scientific literacy of youngsters is determined by the educational policy of the country, moreover, it also depends on teachers working at schools and universities. The tasks of reported research work was to explore approachable literature about natural science education in general and to analyse corresponding educational problems particularly in Latvia.
     The tasks of reported research work was to explore approachable literature about natural science education in general and to analyse some corresponding educational problems particularly in Latvia. Particular attention has been paid to the following components of contemporary educational process: developing student’s thinking skills, they skills to make connections to a known material and to real life situations.
     The author was found out that only 35% of science teachers are paying attention to a process of organizing study process, about 40% of science teachers become a source of knowledge to their students.
     It was stated that not much attention has been paid to interdisciplinary themes and problems, not much attention has been paid to designing positive social environment and building student’s value system.
     Science teachers need to recognize that they educate students to be able to develop their skills, attitudes and awareness as members of the society through a context of science.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63-69</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edgar W. Jenkins</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE STUDENT VOICE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: RESEARCH AND ISSUES</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">student motivation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1481049507.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article reviews a range of national and international studies concerned with students’ views about science and their school science education. It suggests that such views have gained some prominence in recent years and comments why this is so. It examines the implications of some of the research findings for policy makers, curriculum developers and science teachers. It concludes that, while the outcomes of specific research studies are always interesting, such outcomes may prove to be of most use in helping to develop more general strategies for increasing student motivation, commitment and attainment.
    Given the methodological diversity among the various studies of student opinion about their school science education, it is perhaps somewhat surprising that many of the findings are consistent across a number of different education systems and cultures. For example, physics seems an unpopular subject with girls in most countries and a number of other gender differences in students’ responses are prevalent. It is also the case that many students would like to see more attention given in their school science education to contemporary and controversial issues in science that relate to their everyday experiences. ‘Many’ however, is not all and most surveys reveal a significant but important minority of students who either have no strong opinion upon, or take a contrary view about, a number of issues such as the alleged difficulty of school science or the inclusion of socio-scientific issues within the school science curriculum. For example, in the Student Review of the Science Curriculum in England, referred to above, 29 per cent of the students (n = 1,471) “didn’t mind” whether or not controversial issues were included in school science and 55 per cent said that their experience of primary schools had had no effect on their attitudes towards science (Planet Science  et al., 2003).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-30</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eila Jeronen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTIONS OF STUDENT TEACHERS IN INITIAL TEACHER EDUCATION IN BIOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional conceptions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reflection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strategies of student teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482419388.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article aims to interpret professional development of teachers, focusing specifically on the development of professional conceptions of student teachers in an Initial Teacher Education during their final school practice period in Biology and Geography. The study is a qualitative case study. The resultant data is based on reflective diaries and teaching practice reports written by the student teachers, and on recordings and videotapes from supervision meetings and lessons. The data was analysed by using inductive and deductive content analysis methods. According to the student teachers, their awareness of themselves as teachers and of teaching of Biology and Geography developed. At the beginning, they reflected their status, whereas at the end they considered the work of a teacher as a whole and what kind of teachers they want to be.

            Context and values issues should be stressed more, both in initial and In-service education. This is important because teachers should be able to observe and value environmental and human rights problems. They should be willing to construct connections, not only with parents, but also with society. Initial teacher education and In-service education should be linked to each other. The teacher educators should participate in professional In-service education more than they currently do. Based on collaborative research and development projects between teachers and teacher educators, it would be possible to create a strong and prestigious professional teacher culture, basing on shared expertise and responsibility, and continuously developing theory.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24-33</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eila Jeronen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GEOGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY AND TEACHER EDUCATION IN FINLAND</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">school practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">subject didactics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2016/987-1482420043.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since 1990 the Finnish society, the school system and the teacher education have strongly changed. The aim of the article is to discuss what kind geographical and biological teacher education has been and how it is nowadays in the University of Oulu. The study reported here is a qualitative case study. The resultant data is based on reflective diaries written by 74 student teachers in 1998-2003. The data was analysed by using inductive and deductive content analysis methods. According to the student teachers, the programme of the geographical and biological teacher education in the University of Oulu creates a good basement for the development of teacher identity and for acting as a teacher.
The most of the reflections in study diaries concerned the subject education. This is understandable for the student teachers wrote their thoughts about modules in connection of subject education. Based on the study diaries of the geographical and biological student teachers, there seems to be a gap between theory and practice, especially between the educational sciences and the other parts of the pedagogical studies. The bridges both between educational sciences and subject education and subject education and the school practice seem to be quite strong. The educational sciences form the theoretical framework for the wholeness of the pedagogical studies. Therefore it is natural that it is more theoretical than the subject education and school practice are. However, we must try to find ways to link the educational studies more tightly to the other parts of the pedagogical studies. Otherwise there is a danger that student teachers reject the theory as a base of their profession.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-14</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jari Lavonen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veijo Meisalo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalle Juuti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE ROLE OF RESEARCHERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATIONAL POLICIES: THE FINNISH LUMA PROGRAMME (1996-2002) AS A CASE STUDY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adoption of educational innovations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">educational policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in-service training of science teachers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Finnish LUMA Joint National Action (1996–2002) and related action, organised by the National Board of Education are introduced in general. A number of professional development projects for science teachers have been run through the Department of Applied Sciences of Education at the University of Helsinki in the context of the LUMA programme. Properties that made these projects successful are discussed and compared to previous research on how educational innovations are adopted for general use. 
Based on the official LUMA evaluation and our experiences in the PD-projects, some conclusions may be drawn. It is important that enough time be allocated for co-planning the whole project and each phase of the project. Teachers' beliefs, current practices (teaching or learning methods used), and open questions should be identified and discussed during the goal-setting process of the PD-project. Meetings or training situations should be designed together with the teachers and organised in interesting places, such as factories or other places of work where principles can be demonstrated in a practical way. Moreover, the project itself should be run long-term.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34-42</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryszard M. Janiuk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDUCATION OF SCIENCE TEACHERS – SOME REMARKS FROM THE POLISH PERSPECTIVE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Baltic Science Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">education of teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://oaji.net/articles/2017/987-1503928763.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science education becomes more and more important in contemporary society. Its effects depend mainly on teachers. No wonder that in many countries the problem of science teachers’ education becomes of significant importance. This article presents topical problems connected with education and improvement of science teachers in Poland. First of all, there will be characterized the ways leading to obtain qualifications for doing teacher’s job, the regulations and important factors affecting the course and results of science teachers’ education. Then after discussing main principles governing science teachers’ education, their practical application will be presented based on the example of chemistry teachers’ education at M.C. Skłodowska University.

As results from the presented analysis the quality of science teachers education is mainly affected by the following factors:

-         suitable requirements concerning the way and conditions of teachers education resulting from the policy of given country in this respect;

-         proper choice of candidates for studies mainly conditioned by the situation in the society;

-         ways and conditions of education provided in individual universities.

A direct influence of science teachers’ educators is possible only for the last factor. Therefore proper planning of the teacher education process and providing good conditions at each university play an important role. This requires creating a team of people engaged in this kind of job and at the same time searching for better organization and teaching methods used in this process. Precise description of aims resulting from the professional profile of the science teacher is significant in planning of science teacher education. Its aim should be first of all acquisition of proper skills by the students, indispensable in work of prospective teachers. In this context development of international cooperation, thanks to which searching for common ways of more effective science teachers’ education is possible, assumes significant importance.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38 - 48</style></section></record></records></xml>